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Aydin H, Akocak S, Lolak N, Uslu U, Sait A, Korkmaz S, Parmaksiz A, Ceylan O, Aksakal A. In vitro multitarget activity of sulfadiazine substituted triazenes as antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and larvicidal agents. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23467. [PMID: 37466109 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) causes difficulties in the treatment of infections and cancer. Research and development studies have become increasingly important for the strategy of preventing MDR. There is a need for new multitarget drug research and advancement to reduce the development of drug resistance in drug-drug interactions and reduce cost and toxic effects. This study aimed to determine the effects of multi-target triazene compounds on antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cytotoxic, and larvicidal activities were investigated in vitro. A series of 12 novel of 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted sulfadiazine (SDZ) derivatives were synthesized, and the obtained pure products characterized in detail by spectroscopic and analytic methods (FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and melting points). The antibacterial and antifungal activities of these derivatives (AH1-12) were determined by broth microdilution method. All derivatives have been evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxic and antiviral activities against Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara. The larvicidal efficacy of these chemical compounds was also investigated by using Lucilia sericata (L. sericata) larvae. Twelve 1,3-diaryltriazene-substituted SDZ derivatives (AH1-12) were designed and developed as potent multitargeted compounds. Among them, the AH1 derivative showed the most antibacterial and antifungal activity. Besides, synthesized derivatives AH2, AH3, AH5, and AH7 showed higher antiviral activity than SDZ. All synthesized derivatives showed higher cytotoxic activity than SDZ. Also, they showed larvicidal activity at 72 h of the experiment. As a result, these compounds might be great leads for the development of next-generation multitargeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Aydin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Süleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Uğur Uslu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Sait
- Virology Laboratory of Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Serol Korkmaz
- Virology Laboratory of Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ayşe Parmaksiz
- Virology Laboratory of Pendik Veterinary Control Institute, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Onur Ceylan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Abdulbaki Aksakal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adiyaman University, Adıyaman, Türkiye
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Bavani MM, Seyyedzadeh SJ, Radi E, Malekian A, Hoseinpour M, Gholizadeh S. Sterilization of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Eggs for Maggot Debridement Therapy. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:1076-1080. [PMID: 35187572 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is a therapy with the medical use of sterile fly larvae of certain species, particularly those within the Calliphoridae family including green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata (Meigan, Diptera: Calliphoridae), for treating chronically infected wounds and ulcers. Lucilia sericata flies were maintained under insectary conditions, and the eggs were sterilized using three treatments: hydrogen peroxide solutions, used as a hand disinfectant (Treatment 1-T1), hydrogen peroxide, surface disinfectant (Treatment 2-T2), and SaniHigene (Treatment 3-T3) and the control (without treatment). All three treatment caused the complete sterilization of eggs, and no bacterial colonies were found on the blood agar culture. The egg hatching rate after 72 h was much higher than after 24 h. Egg mortality in hydrogen peroxide solutions, T1 and T2, was 3-4% and less than in solution T3 (13%). Owing to less mortality and more sterility of the eggs, the aforementioned solutions are suggested to be appropriate for sterility in maggot therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulood Mohammadi Bavani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Seyyed Jaavad Seyyedzadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
| | - Ehsan Radi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Malekian
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Hoseinpour
- Laboratory Sciences Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Saber Gholizadeh
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia, Iran
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Taleb M. Effectiveness of broad-spectrum antiseptics in production of disinfected maggots of Lucilia sericata for use in wound debridement therapy. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:1017-1023. [PMID: 34633134 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of low-cost, effective, safe and practical methods is necessary to increase the use of larval therapy in wound care. Although studies on external disinfection of calliphorid eggs have been reported, many studies lack data on the effect of disinfection on egg viability and the microorganisms found before disinfection. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare three antiseptic solutions, that is, chlorhexidine (5%), Dakin's solution (0.5% NaOCl) and povidone-iodine (10%), in terms of their ability to disinfect Lucilia sericata eggs. Egg viability after disinfection and microorganisms present on the eggs and larvae before and after treatment were also examined. None of the antiseptics had a significant effect on egg viability. Disinfection of L. sericata eggs with 0.5% NaOCl was the best method, as sterility tests showed no contamination. Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Proteus mirabilis were present in all cultures isolated from the non-disinfected eggs and larvae, while Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Morganella morganii, Corynebacterium spp. and Providencia stuartii were isolated from more than half of the same cultures. Sterility testing of medicinal maggots after disinfection is crucial to prevent secondary infections and achieve a positive therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Taleb
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
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Rahimi S, Khamesipour A, Akhavan AA, Rafinejad J, Ahmadkhaniha R, Bakhtiyari M, Veysi A, Akbarzadeh K. The leishmanicidal effect of Lucilia sericata larval saliva and hemolymph on in vitro Leishmania tropica. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:40. [PMID: 33430900 PMCID: PMC7798311 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leishmaniasis is a major parasitic disease worldwide, except in Australia and Antarctica, and it poses a significant public health problem. Due to the absence of safe and effective vaccines and drugs, researchers have begun an extensive search for new drugs. The aim of the current study was to investigate the in vitro leishmanicidal activity of larval saliva and hemolymph of Lucilia sericata on Leishmania tropica. Methods The effects of different concentrations of larval products on promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of L. tropica were investigated using the mouse cell line J774A.1 and peritoneal macrophages as host cells. The 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and direct observation and counting method were used to assess the inhibitory effects and cell cytotoxicity of the larval products. The effects of larval products on the amastigote form of L. tropica were quantitatively estimated by calculating the rate of macrophage infection, number of amastigotes per infected macrophage cell, parasite load and survival index. Results The 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) value of both larval saliva and hemolymph was 750 µg/ml, and the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were 134 µg/ml and 60 µg/ml for larval saliva and larval hemolymph, respectively. The IC50 for Glucantime, used a positive control, was (11.65 µg/ml). Statistically significant differences in viability percentages of promastigotes were observed for different doses of both larval saliva and hemolymph when compared with the negative control (p ≤ 0.0001). Microscopic evaluation of the amastigote forms revealed that treatment with 150 µg/ml larval hemolymph and 450 µg/ml larval saliva significantly decreased the rate of macrophage infection and the number of amastigotes per infected macrophage cell. Conclusion Larval saliva and hemolymph of L. sericata have acceptable leishmanicidal properties against L. tropica. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rahimi
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khamesipour
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Ahmad Akhavan
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Rafinejad
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadkhaniha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Human Ecology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Bakhtiyari
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Medicine Non-communicable Diseases Research Center Alborz, University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Arshad Veysi
- Zoonoses Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Kamran Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bazaliński D, Kózka M, Karnas M, Więch P. Effectiveness of Chronic Wound Debridement with the Use of Larvae of Lucilia Sericata. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1845. [PMID: 31684038 PMCID: PMC6912827 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of successful wound healing depends on effective debridement and infection control. One method of wound debridement, known since antiquity, is based on the use of fly larvae. Solid scientific evidence proves that maggot debridement therapy (MDT), like surgical intervention, can be effectively and safely used to remove necrotic tissue. Based on a review of the related literature, this study was designed to assess the effectiveness of chronic wound cleansing with the use of larvae of Lucilia sericata (Phaenicia sericata). Maggot therapy, applied in wound debridement and treatment, is a safe and effective method. Its benefits are associated with debridement, disinfection and faster tissue growth. MDT may reduce the duration of antibiotic therapy and the need for hospitalization, or it may decrease the number of outpatient visits required. It is a relatively cost-effective method, and, in addition to financial gains, it may reduce the frequency of inpatient treatment. In the literature, an increasing amount of scientific evidence confirms that such treatment can effectively reduce the biofilm and bacterial load in a wound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Bazaliński
- Father B. Markiewicz Podkarpackie Specialist Oncology Centre, Specialist Hospital in Brzozów, 36-200 Brzozów, Poland.
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences of the University of Rzeszów, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Maria Kózka
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, 31-501 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Karnas
- New Medical Technologies, Holy Family Specialist Hospital, 36-060 Rudna Mała, Poland.
| | - Paweł Więch
- Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences of the University of Rzeszów, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland.
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Yakovlev AY, Kruglikova AA, Chernysh SI. Calliphoridae Flies in Medical Biotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0013873819030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Díaz-Roa A, Patarroyo MA, Bello FJ, Da Silva PI. Sarconesin: Sarconesiopsis magellanica Blowfly Larval Excretions and Secretions With Antibacterial Properties. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2249. [PMID: 30323791 PMCID: PMC6172317 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Larval therapy (LT) is an alternative treatment for healing chronic wounds; its action is based on debridement, the removal of bacteria, and stimulating granulation tissue. The most important mechanism when using LT for combating infection depends on larval excretions and secretions (ES). Larvae are protected against infection by a spectrum of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); special interest in AMPs has also risen regarding understanding their role in wound healing since they degrade necrotic tissue and kill different bacteria during LT. Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a promising medically-important necrophagous fly. This article reports a small AMP being isolated from S. magellanica ES products for the first time; these products were obtained from third-instar larvae taken from a previously-established colony. ES were fractionated by RP-HPLC using C18 columns for the first analysis; the products were then lyophilised and their antimicrobial activity was characterized by incubation with different bacterial strains. These fractions' primary sequences were determined by mass spectrometry and de novo sequencing; five AMPs were obtained, the Sarconesin fraction was characterized and antibacterial activity was tested in different concentrations with minimum inhibitory concentrations starting at 1.2 μM. Potent inhibitory activity was shown against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli D31, E. coli DH5α, Salmonella enterica ATCC 13314, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, S. epidermidis ATCC 12228, Micrococcus luteus A270) bacteria. Sarconesin has a significant similarity with Rho-family GTPases which are important in organelle development, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell movement, and wound repair. The data reported here indicated that Sarconesin could be an alternative candidate for use in therapeutics against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. Our study describes one peptide responsible for antibacterial activity when LT is being used. The results shown here support carrying out further experiments aimed at validating S. magellanica AMPs as novel resources for combating antibacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Díaz-Roa
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,PhD Programme in Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.,Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felio J Bello
- Faculty of Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Program of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia.,Medicine Faculty, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pedro I Da Silva
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil.,Biomedical Sciences Institute, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Akbarzadeh K, Saghafipour A, Jesri N, Karami-Jooshin M, Arzamani K, Hazratian T, Kordshouli RS, Afshar AA. Spatial Distribution of Necrophagous Flies of Infraorder Muscomorpha in Iran Using Geographical Information System. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:1071-1085. [PMID: 29982597 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Medically important flies that majority of them are classified to synanthropic flies can be mechanical vectors for some of contagious diseases to human and many animals. Also some species of their larvae are cause of myiasis in human and livestock animals. The aim of this study was to determine the geographical distribution of medically important flies in Iran using Geographical Information System (GIS). All published English and Persian documents on medically important flies of Iran from reliable medical sciences resources were gathered. A database was then designed in Excel format, including all available information regarding flies. The valid data were transferred to ArcGIS 10.3 to prepare the first spatial database of medically important flies and human myiasis foci of Iran. The Iran Medical Important Flies base includes 71 papers and three PhD/MSc theses, reporting studies conducted during 1977-2017. This database contains different available data covering their faunistic and all myiasis data reports related to flies of 102 species in nine families of medical important flies in Iran. Twenty-three out of the 31 provinces of Iran, had some reports of medically important flies. However, these flies have high species diversity, wide geographical distribution and with various ecological niches in different provinces in Iran. Besides that, there are many high-risk foci of human myiasis in a number of provinces of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abedin Saghafipour
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Nahid Jesri
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Koroush Arzamani
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Teymour Hazratian
- Departments of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Razieh Shabani Kordshouli
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Aghaei Afshar
- Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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YAMAN MEHMET, ZEREK AYKUT. MİYAZ SİNEKLERİ LARVALARININ YARA TEDAVİSİNDE KULLANILMASI. MUSTAFA KEMAL ÜNIVERSITESI TIP DERGISI 2017. [DOI: 10.17944/mkutfd.311929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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10
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Nasoori A, Hoomand R. Maggot debridement therapy for an electrical burn injury with instructions for the use of Lucilia sericata larvae. J Wound Care 2017; 26:734-741. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2017.26.12.734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Nasoori
- Student, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Production and Research Complex, Biotechnology Processes Developing Center, Alborz, Iran; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - R. Hoomand
- General Surgeon, Department of General Surgery, Motahari Burn Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sterilization of blow fly eggs, Chrysomya megacephala and Lucilia cuprina, (Diptera: Calliphoridae) for maggot debridement therapy application. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1581-1589. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Choudhary V, Choudhary M, Pandey S, Chauhan VD, Hasnani JJ. Maggot debridement therapy as primary tool to treat chronic wound of animals. Vet World 2016; 9:403-9. [PMID: 27182137 PMCID: PMC4864483 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.403-409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Maggot debridement therapy (MDT) is a safe, effective, and controlled method ofhealing of chronic wounds by debridement and disinfection. In this therapy live, sterile maggots of green bottle fly, Lucilia (Phaenicia) sericata are used, as they prefernecrotic tissues over healthy for feeding. Since centuries, MDT is used in humanbeings to treat chronic wounds. Lately, MDT came out as a potent medical aid in animals. In animals, although, this therapy is still limited and clinical studies are few. However, with the increasing antibiotic resistance and chronic wound infections in veterinary medicine, maggot therapy may even become the first line of treatment for some infections. This paper will present a brief discussion of MDT and its role in veterinary medicine that may add one more treatment method to utilize in non-healing wounds of animals and overcome the use of amputation and euthanasia. The objective of this review paper is to assemble relevant literature on maggot therapy to form a theoretical foundation from which further steps toward clinical use of maggot therapy in animals for chronic wounds can be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayata Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Mukesh Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Sunanda Pandey
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Veterinary College, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Vandip D. Chauhan
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - J. J. Hasnani
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary College, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, India
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13
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Čičková H, Kozánek M, Takáč P. Growth and survival of blowfly Lucilia sericata larvae under simulated wound conditions: implications for maggot debridement therapy. MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 29:416-424. [PMID: 26382290 DOI: 10.1111/mve.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Maggot debridement therapy has become a well-established method of wound debridement. Despite its success, little information is available about the optimum duration of the treatment cycle and larval growth in wounds. This study examines the development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae under two containment conditions (bagged and free range) under simulated wound conditions and assesses the impact of transport and further storage of larvae on their survival and growth. There was no significant difference in size between bagged and free-range larvae over the 72-h experimental period. Larvae grew fastest 8-24 h after inoculation and completed their growth at 40-48 h. Mortality rates were similar (0.12-0.23% per hour) in both containment conditions and did not differ significantly (P = 0.3212). Survival of free-range larvae was on average 16% lower than survival of bagged larvae. Refrigeration of larvae upon simulated delivery for > 1 day reduced their survival to < 50% and caused a reduction in growth of up to 30% at 12 h, but not at 48 h, of incubation. Therefore, it is recommended that free-range larvae are left in the wound for a maximum of 40-48 h, and bagged larvae for 48-72 h. Larvae should be used within 24 h of delivery to avoid high mortality caused by prolonged refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Čičková
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Scientica s.r.o., Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Kozánek
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Takáč
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Scientica s.r.o., Bratislava, Slovakia
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14
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Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) colonising large carcasses in Central Europe. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2341-8. [PMID: 25876045 PMCID: PMC4430587 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Sarcophagidae are an important element of carrion insect community. Unfortunately, results on larval and adult Sarcophagidae from forensic carrion studies are virtually absent mostly due to the taxonomic problems with species identification of females and larvae. The impact of this taxon on decomposition of large carrion has not been reliably evaluated. During several pig carcass studies in Poland, large body of data on adult and larval Sarcophagidae was collected. We determined (1) assemblages of adult flesh flies visiting pig carrion in various habitats, (2) species of flesh flies which breed in pig carcasses, and (3) temporal distribution of flesh fly larvae during decomposition. Due to species identification of complete material, including larvae, females, and males, it was possible for the first time to reliably answer several questions related to the role of Sarcophagidae in decomposition of large carrion and hence define their forensic importance. Fifteen species of flesh flies were found to visit pig carcasses, with higher diversity and abundance in grasslands as compared to forests. Sex ratio biased towards females was observed only for Sarcophaga argyrostoma, S. caerulescens, S. similis and S. carnaria species group. Gravid females and larvae were collected only in the case of S. argyrostoma, S. caerulescens, S. melanura and S. similis. Sarcophaga caerulescens and S. similis bred regularly in carcasses, while S. argyrostoma was recorded only occasionally. First instar larvae of flesh flies were recorded on carrion earlier or concurrently with first instar larvae of blowflies. Third instar larvae of S. caerulescens were usually observed before the appearance of the third instar blowfly larvae. These results contest the view that flesh flies colonise carcasses later than blowflies. Sarcophaga caerulescens is designated as a good candidate for a broad forensic use in Central European cases.
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Firoozfar F, Moosa-Kazemi H, Baniardalani M, Abolhassani M, Khoobdel M, Rafinejd J. Mass rearing of Lucilia sericata Meigen (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:54-6. [PMID: 23569725 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To carry out an experimental study with the main objective of mass rearing of sheep flies (Lucilia sericata). METHODS Hand collection and beef- or cattle liver-baited net traps were used for field fly sampling from April, 2010 to November, 2010. The samples collected from different places were placed in properly labeled tubes and sent to the Entomology Laboratory. Since maggot identification is important in inducing mortality, they were kept under insectary condition to develop to adult stage and identified using systematic keys. RESULTS A total of 218 flies were collected in three rounds of sampling from the field of Tehran and Karaj Counties. In the first generation, 433 flies including 135 (31.17%) male, and 298 (68.82%) female were yielded. The female/male of parent ratio was calculated as 1.72 in Tehran and in Karaj areas, whereas it was 2.20% and 1.81%, respectively in F1 and F2 generations, respectively. CONCLUSIONS During this study, the mass rearing of sheep blow fly has been established at the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and can be used for producing flies for maggot therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Firoozfar
- Department of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gulcu B, Hazir S, Kaya HK. Scavenger deterrent factor (SDF) from symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 110:326-33. [PMID: 22446508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis are symbiotically associated with bacteria in the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, respectively. The symbiotic bacteria produce a chemical compound(s) that deterred ants from feeding on nematode-killed insects (i.e., cadavers) and has been previously referred to as an Ant Deterrent Factor (ADF). We studied the response of different arthropod scavenger species which included the ant Lepisiota frauenfeldi, cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, wasps Vespa orientalis and Paravespula sp., and calliphorid fly Chrysomya albiceps, to ADF. These scavengers (ants, crickets, and wasps) were exposed to cadavers with and without the nematode/bacterium complex or to Photorhabdus luminescens cultures of different ages on different substrates. The ant, cricket, and wasp species did not feed on nematode-killed insects containing the nematode/bacterium complex that were 2 days old and older but fed on 1-day-old nematode-killed and freeze -killed insects. Crickets consumed 2- to 7-day-old axenic nematode-killed insects, 1-, 4-, and 5-day-old insects killed by the bacterium, Serratia marcescens, and freeze-killed, putrid insects that were up to 10 days old. The crickets only partially consumed 2- and 3-day-old insects killed by S. marcescens which differed significantly from the 1-, 4-, and 5-day-old killed insects by this bacterium. Ants fed only on 5% sucrose solution (control) and 1- to 3- day old cultures of P. luminescens containing 5% sucrose but not on older cultures of P. luminescens. Wasps did not feed on meat treated with P. luminescens supernatant, whereas they fed on meat treated with Escherichia coli supernatant and control meat. Calliphorid flies did not oviposit on meat treated with P. luminescens supernatant but did oviposit on untreated meat. Based on the response of these scavengers, the chemical compound(s) responsible for this deterrent activity should be called "scavenger deterrent factor" (SDF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Gulcu
- Duzce University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, 81620 Duzce, Turkey
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Treatment of Extensive Necrosis of the Forefoot in the Course of Diabetic Foot with the Use of Biosurgical Method. POLISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY 2009. [DOI: 10.2478/v10035-009-0087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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