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Luo SC, Wei SM, Luo XT, Yang QQ, Wong KH, Cheung PCK, Zhang BB. How probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics prevent dental caries: an oral microbiota perspective. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:14. [PMID: 38402294 PMCID: PMC10894247 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries, a highly prevalent oral disease, impacts a significant portion of the global population. Conventional approaches that indiscriminately eradicate microbes disrupt the natural equilibrium of the oral microbiota. In contrast, biointervention strategies aim to restore this balance by introducing beneficial microorganisms or inhibiting cariogenic ones. Over the past three decades, microbial preparations have garnered considerable attention in dental research for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. However, unlike related pathologies in the gastrointestinal, vaginal, and respiratory tracts, dental caries occurs on hard tissues such as tooth enamel and is closely associated with localized acid overproduction facilitated by cariogenic biofilms. Therefore, it is insufficient to rely solely on previous mechanisms to delineate the role of microbial preparations in the oral cavity. A more comprehensive perspective should involve considering the concepts of cariogenic biofilms. This review elucidates the latest research progress, mechanisms of action, challenges, and future research directions regarding probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics for the prevention and treatment of dental caries, taking into account the unique pathogenic mechanisms of dental caries. With an enhanced understanding of oral microbiota, personalized microbial therapy will emerge as a critical future research trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Chen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Si-Min Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xin-Tao Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qiong-Qiong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ka-Hing Wong
- Research Institute for Future Food, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Peter C K Cheung
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Bo-Bo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, Guangdong, PR China.
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Microbiota-dependent and -independent postnatal development of salivary immunity. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111981. [PMID: 36640306 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While saliva regulates the interplay between the microbiota and the oral immune system, the mechanisms establishing postnatal salivary immunity are ill-defined. Here, we show that high levels of neutrophils and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-transferred maternal IgG are temporarily present in the neonatal murine salivary glands in a microbiota-independent manner. During weaning, neutrophils, FcRn, and IgG decrease in the salivary glands, while the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) is upregulated in a growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6)-dependent manner independent of the microbiota. Production of salivary IgA begins following weaning and relies on CD4-help, IL-17, and the microbiota. The weaning phase is characterized by a transient accumulation of dendritic cells capable of migrating from the oral mucosa to the salivary glands upon exposure to microbial challenges and activating T cells. This study reveals the postnatal mechanisms developed in the salivary glands to induce immunity and proposes the salivary glands as an immune inductive site.
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Yavuz Y, Akleyin E, Akdağ MZ, Çolak M, Doğan MS, Kotanlı S. Clinical and radiological findings, SEM analysis and evaluation of caries risk in ectodermal dysplasia cases. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2061374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Yavuz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Ebru Akleyin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zülküf Akdağ
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çolak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Doğan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Sedef Kotanlı
- Department of Maxillo Facial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Harran University, Sanlıurfa, Turkey
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Ahannach S, Delanghe L, Spacova I, Wittouck S, Van Beeck W, De Boeck I, Lebeer S. Microbial enrichment and storage for metagenomics of vaginal, skin, and saliva samples. iScience 2021; 24:103306. [PMID: 34765924 PMCID: PMC8571498 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Few validated protocols are available for large-scale collection, storage, and analysis of microbiome samples from the vagina, skin, and mouth. To prepare for a large-scale study on the female microbiome by remote self-sampling, we investigated the impact of sample collection, storage, and host DNA depletion on microbiome profiling. Vaginal, skin, and saliva samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic shotgun sequencing, and qPCR. Of the two tested storage buffers, the eNAT buffer could keep the microbial composition stable during various conditions. All three tested host DNA-depletion approaches showed a bias against Gram-negative taxa. However, using the HostZERO Microbial DNA and QIAamp DNA Microbiome kits, samples still clustered according to body site and not by depletion approach. Therefore, our study showed the effectiveness of these methods in depleting host DNA. Yet, a suitable approach is recommended for each habitat studied based on microbial composition. Lysis buffer keeps the microbial composition stable during various storage conditions Host DNA depletion introduces a larger bias toward Gram-negative taxa The HostZERO Microbial DNA kit performed best in human DNA depletion for metagenomics Body site-specific approach based on microbial composition is needed to minimize bias
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ahannach
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lize Delanghe
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn Wittouck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wannes Van Beeck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilke De Boeck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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Tonguc Altin K, Topcuoglu N, Duman G, Unsal M, Celik A, Selvi Kuvvetli S, Kasikci E, Sahin F, Kulekci G. Antibacterial effects of saliva substitutes containing lysozyme or lactoferrin against Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 129:105183. [PMID: 34091207 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the antibacterial effects of different saliva-substitutes-containing-lysozyme(LYZ) or-lactoferrin(LF) on Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) in comparison with human saliva. DESIGN In vitro wound-healing assay was performed with L929 mouse fibroblast cell line by using various concentrations of LYZ and LF to determine optimum concentrations and to confirm do not show any cytotoxicity of proteins according to cell culture studies. Antibacterial effect was assessed by determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations for all groups on S.mutans. Bacterial adhesion of S. mutans for 4 h on hydroxyapatite(HAP) discs after application of different saliva substitutes was evaluated. The formulations were:saliva-substitute(Group SS);saliva-substitute-containing-Lactoferrin(Group SSLF);saliva-substitute-containing-Lysozyme(Group SSLYZ). Human saliva was control group(Group HS). RESULTS In vitro wound healing assay results showed that, when added into the cell culture media, LYZ and LF significantly increase 48 -h scratch wound closure compared to the cell culture media(p < 0.0001). At the end of second day, samples treated with both between 2.5-100 μg/mL LF and 5-200 μg/mL LYZ were found to have significant wound healing effect(p < 001). It was observed that saliva-substitutes-containing-LYZ or-LF had antibacterial effects on S.mutans. Bacterial adhesion on HAP discs was observed significantly higher in control group than in study groups. The amount of adhered S. mutans was significantly higher in Group SS than other study groups(p < 0.0001). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the number of bacteria adhered to HAP discs between SSLYZ and SSLF groups(p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The study of cell viability and wound healing was great significance in the optimum concentrations of LYZ and LF. Among formulations, saliva-substitutes-containing-LYZ or-LF exhibited higher inhibitory effect on S.mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Tonguc Altin
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bağdat Caddesi, No: 238, 34728 Göztepe - Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Nursen Topcuoglu
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Microbiology, Turgut Özal Caddesi (Millet Cd.), 34390 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gulengul Duman
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 26 Ağustos Kampusu, Kayisdağı Caddesi, 34755 Atasehir - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Unsal
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bağdat Caddesi, No: 238, 34728 Göztepe - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Celik
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bağdat Caddesi, No: 238, 34728 Göztepe - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Senem Selvi Kuvvetli
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Bağdat Caddesi, No: 238, 34728 Göztepe - Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Kasikci
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, 26 Ağustos Kampusu, Kayisdağı Caddesi, 34755 Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York 10461, USA
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, 26 Ağustos Kampusu, Kayisdağı Caddesi, 34755 Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Guven Kulekci
- Istanbul University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Microbiology, Turgut Özal Caddesi (Millet Cd.), 34390 Istanbul, Turkey
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Hinic S, Petrovic B, Kojic S, Omerovic N, Jevremov J, Jelenciakova N, Stojanovic G. Viscosity and mixing properties of artificial saliva and four different mouthwashes. Biorheology 2021; 57:87-100. [PMID: 33459691 DOI: 10.3233/bir-201008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous functions of saliva depend on its biophysical properties. Mouth rinses react with saliva and change both their own properties and properties of saliva. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to define the level of mixing of artificial saliva and mouth rinses, and define their viscosity and its changes at room and body temperature. METHODS Artificial saliva, fluoride solutions, chlorhexidine, zinc-hydroxyapatite solution and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate were used. To simulate their mixing, Y-channel PVC chips were used, in two different microfluidics systems. The experiments were recorded with a microscope, then the proportion of mixing was calculated using Matlab. For viscosity measurements rotational viscometer was used. RESULTS The results show partial mixing of all solutions with artificial saliva. Measurements with a viscometer indicate different viscosities of all used solutions. Viscosity of a mixture of solution and artificial saliva is always in the range of viscosity of the artificial saliva and the solution separately. Moreover, viscosity of all solutions, as well as mixture with artificial saliva, significantly decreases at higher temperature. CONCLUSION Intraoral administration of mouth rinses results in change of biophysical properties of both saliva and mouth rinses. Those changes can affect preventive and therapeutic effect, and therefore oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan Hinic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Bojan Petrovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Sanja Kojic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nejra Omerovic
- Biosense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jovana Jevremov
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nina Jelenciakova
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
| | - Goran Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
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Panwar H, Rokana N, Aparna SV, Kaur J, Singh A, Singh J, Singh KS, Chaudhary V, Puniya AK. Gastrointestinal stress as innate defence against microbial attack. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1035-1061. [PMID: 32869386 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract has been bestowed with the most difficult task of protecting the underlying biological compartments from the resident commensal flora and the potential pathogens in transit through the GI tract. It has a unique environment in which several defence tactics are at play while maintaining homeostasis and health. The GI tract shows myriad number of environmental extremes, which includes pH variations, anaerobic conditions, nutrient limitations, elevated osmolarity etc., which puts a check to colonization and growth of nonfriendly microbial strains. The GI tract acts as a highly selective barrier/platform for ingested food and is the primary playground for balance between the resident and uninvited organisms. This review focuses on antimicrobial defense mechanisms of different sections of human GI tract. In addition, the protective mechanisms used by microbes to combat the human GI defence systems are also discussed. The ability to survive this innate defence mechanism determines the capability of probiotic or pathogen strains to confer health benefits or induce clinical events respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Panwar
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - N Rokana
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - S V Aparna
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Science University, Mannuthy, Thrissur, India
| | - J Kaur
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - J Singh
- Department of Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - K S Singh
- Structure and Function of Proteins, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - V Chaudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Punjab Agriculture University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - A K Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
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Niemirowicz-Laskowska K, Mystkowska J, Łysik D, Chmielewska S, Tokajuk G, Misztalewska-Turkowicz I, Wilczewska AZ, Bucki R. Antimicrobial and Physicochemical Properties of Artificial Saliva Formulations Supplemented with Core-Shell Magnetic Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061979. [PMID: 32183193 PMCID: PMC7139618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva plays a crucial role in oral cavity. In addition to its buffering and moisturizing properties, saliva fulfills many biofunctional requirements, including antibacterial activity that is essential to assure proper oral microbiota growth. Due to numerous extra- and intra-systemic factors, there are many disorders of its secretion, leading to oral dryness. Saliva substitutes used in such situations must meet many demands. This study was design to evaluate the effect of core-shell magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) adding (gold-coated and aminosilane-coated nanoparticles NPs) on antimicrobial (microorganism adhesion, biofilm formation), rheological (viscosity, viscoelasticity) and physicochemical (pH, surface tension, conductivity) properties of three commercially available saliva formulations. Upon the addition of NPs (20 µg/mL), antibacterial activity of artificial saliva was found to increase against tested microorganisms by 20% to 50%. NPs, especially gold-coated ones, decrease the adhesion of Gram-positive and fungal cells by 65% and Gram-negative bacteria cells by 45%. Moreover, the addition of NPs strengthened the antimicrobial properties of tested artificial saliva, without influencing their rheological and physicochemical properties, which stay within the range characterizing the natural saliva collected from healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Niemirowicz-Laskowska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.-L.); (S.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Joanna Mystkowska
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-571-443-083
| | - Dawid Łysik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Chmielewska
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.-L.); (S.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Grażyna Tokajuk
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24a, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland;
| | | | - Agnieszka Z. Wilczewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland; (I.M.-T.); (A.Z.W.)
| | - Robert Bucki
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (K.N.-L.); (S.C.); (R.B.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Stefana Żeromskiego 5, 25-001 Kielce, Poland
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Yoo MH, Rhee Y, Jung J, Lee S, Moon J, Mo J, Chung P. TRPV1 regulates inflammatory process in the tongue of surgically induced xerostomia mouse. Head Neck 2019; 42:198-209. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.25980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min H. Yoo
- Department of Innovative Toxicology ResearchKorea Institute of Toxicology Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Hee Rhee
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial CenterDankook University Hospital Cheonan Republic of Korea
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - JaeYun Jung
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyCollege of Medicine, Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Sang‐Joon Lee
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyCollege of Medicine, Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Hwan Moon
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial CenterDankook University Hospital Cheonan Republic of Korea
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyCollege of Medicine, Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Hun Mo
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial CenterDankook University Hospital Cheonan Republic of Korea
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyCollege of Medicine, Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
| | - Phil‐Sang Chung
- Laser Translational Clinical Trial CenterDankook University Hospital Cheonan Republic of Korea
- Beckman Laser Institute Korea, Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyCollege of Medicine, Dankook University Cheonan Republic of Korea
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Pacha-Olivenza MÁ, Tejero R, Fernández-Calderón MC, Anitua E, Troya M, González-Martín ML. Relevance of Topographic Parameters on the Adhesion and Proliferation of Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Oral Bacterial Strains. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8456342. [PMID: 30956987 PMCID: PMC6431371 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8456342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dental implantology allows replacement of failing teeth providing the patient with a general improvement of health. Unfortunately not all reconstructions succeed, as a consequence of the development of infections of bacterial origin on the implant surface. Surface topography is known to modulate a differential response to bacterial and mammalian cells but topographical measurements are often limited to vertical parameters. In this work we have extended the topographical measurements also to lateral and hybrid parameters of the five most representative implant and prosthetic component surfaces and correlated the results with bacterial and mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation outcomes. Primary human oral gingival fibroblast (gum cells) and the bacterial strains: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, implicated in infectious processes in the oral/implant environment were employed in the presence or absence of human saliva. The results confirm that even though not all the measured surface is available for bacteria to adhere, the overall race for the surface between cells and bacteria is more favourable to the smoother surfaces (nitrided, as machined or lightly acid etched) than to the rougher ones (strong acid etched or sandblasted/acid etched).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Pacha-Olivenza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | | | - María Coronada Fernández-Calderón
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anitua
- Private Practice in Implantology and Oral Rehabilitation, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Troya
- BTI Biotechnology Institute IMASD, 01510 Miñano, Spain
| | - M. Luisa González-Martín
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Cheng X, Huang F, Zhang K, Yuan X, Song C. Effects of none-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs on the oral immune system and oral microbial composition in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 507:420-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Wang K, Wang X, Zheng S, Niu Y, Zheng W, Qin X, Li Z, Luo J, Jiang W, Zhou X, Li W, Zhang L. iTRAQ-based quantitative analysis of age-specific variations in salivary proteome of caries-susceptible individuals. J Transl Med 2018; 16:293. [PMID: 30359274 PMCID: PMC6202833 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human saliva is a protein-rich, easily accessible source of potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases. However, little is known about the changes in salivary proteome associated with aging of patients with dental caries. Here, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) in combination with multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM-MS) to characterize the salivary proteome profiles of subjects of different ages, presenting with and without caries, with the aim of identifying age-related biomarkers for dental caries. Methods Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 40 caries-free and caries-susceptible young adults and elderly individuals. Salivary proteins were extracted, reduced, alkylated, digested with trypsin and then analyzed using iTRAQ-coupled LC–MS/MS, followed by GO annotation, biological pathway analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and protein–protein interaction analysis. Candidate verification was then conducted using MRM-MS. Results Among 658 salivary proteins identified using tandem mass spectrometry, 435 proteins exhibited altered expression patterns in different age groups with and without caries. Of these proteins, 96 displayed age-specific changes among caries-susceptible adults and elderly individuals, and were mainly associated with salivary secretion pathway, while 110 age-specific proteins were identified among healthy individuals. It was found that the age factor caused significant variations and played an important role in both healthy and cariogenic salivary proteomes. Subsequently, a total of 136 target proteins with complex protein–protein interactions, including 14 age-specific proteins associated with caries, were further successfully validated using MRM analysis. Moreover, non-age-specific proteins (histatin-1 and BPI fold-containing family B member 1) were verified to be important candidate biomarkers for common dental caries. Conclusions Our proteomic analysis performed using the discovery-through-verification pipeline revealed distinct variations caused by age factor in both healthy and cariogenic salivary proteomes, highlighting the significance of age in the great potential of saliva for caries diagnosis and biomarker discovery. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1669-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sainan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yumei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhongcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junyuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No. 14, Section 3 of Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Fan X, Peters BA, Jacobs EJ, Gapstur SM, Purdue MP, Freedman ND, Alekseyenko AV, Wu J, Yang L, Pei Z, Hayes RB, Ahn J. Drinking alcohol is associated with variation in the human oral microbiome in a large study of American adults. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:59. [PMID: 29685174 PMCID: PMC5914044 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome can lead to local oral disease and potentially to cancers of the head, neck, and digestive tract. However, little is known regarding exogenous factors contributing to such microbial imbalance. RESULTS We examined the impact of alcohol consumption on the oral microbiome in a cross-sectional study of 1044 US adults. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes from oral wash samples were amplified, sequenced, and assigned to bacterial taxa. We tested the association of alcohol drinking level (non-drinker, moderate drinker, or heavy drinker) and type (liquor, beer, or wine) with overall microbial composition and individual taxon abundance. The diversity of oral microbiota and overall bacterial profiles differed between heavy drinkers and non-drinkers (α-diversity richness p = 0.0059 and β-diversity unweighted UniFrac p = 0.0036), and abundance of commensal order Lactobacillales tends to be decreased with higher alcohol consumption (fold changes = 0.89 and 0.94 for heavy and moderate drinkers, p trend = 0.005 [q = 0.064]). Additionally, certain genera were enriched in subjects with higher alcohol consumption, including Actinomyces, Leptotrichia, Cardiobacterium, and Neisseria; some of these genera contain oral pathogens, while Neisseria can synthesize the human carcinogen acetaldehyde from ethanol. Wine drinkers may differ from non-drinkers in microbial diversity and profiles (α-diversity richness p = 0.048 and β-diversity unweighted UniFrac p = 0.059) after controlling for drinking amount, while liquor and beer drinkers did not. All significant differences between drinkers and non-drinkers remained after exclusion of current smokers. CONCLUSIONS Our results, from a large human study of alcohol consumption and the oral microbiome, indicate that alcohol consumption, and heavy drinking in particular, may influence the oral microbiome composition. These findings may have implications for better understanding the potential role that oral bacteria play in alcohol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Fan
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, Room 518, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Brandilyn A. Peters
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, Room 518, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Eric J. Jacobs
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Susan M. Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams Street NW, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Neal D. Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Alexander V. Alekseyenko
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Departments of Public Health Sciences and Oral Health Sciences, Program for Human Microbiome Research, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, Room 518, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Liying Yang
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, 423 East 23rd St, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Zhiheng Pei
- NYU Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Institute, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY 10010 USA
| | - Richard B. Hayes
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, Room 518, New York, NY 10016 USA
- NYU Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Institute, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Jiyoung Ahn
- Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, Room 518, New York, NY 10016 USA
- NYU Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Institute, 522 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA
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14
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Campos JC, Cunha JD, Ferreira DC, Reis S, Costa PJ. Challenges in the local delivery of peptides and proteins for oral mucositis management. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 128:131-146. [PMID: 29702221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucositis, a common inflammatory side effect of oncological treatments, is a disorder of the oral mucosa that can cause painful ulcerations, local motor disabilities, and an increased risk of infections. Due to the discomfort it produces and the associated health risks, it can lead to cancer treatment restrains, such as the need for dose reduction, cycle delays or abandonment. Current mucositis management has low efficiency in prevention and treatment. A topical drug application for a local action can be a more effective approach than systemic routes when addressing oral cavity pathologies. Local delivery of growth factors, antibodies, and anti-inflammatory cytokines have shown promising results. However, due to the peptide and protein nature of these novel agents, and the several anatomic, physiological and environmental challenges of the oral cavity, their local action might be limited when using traditional delivering systems. This review is an awareness of the issues and strategies in the local delivery of macromolecules for the management of oral mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C Campos
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1).
| | - João D Cunha
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Domingos C Ferreira
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Salette Reis
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
| | - Paulo J Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Portugal(1)
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The Role and Impact of Salivary Zn Levels on Dental Caries. Int J Dent 2018; 2018:8137915. [PMID: 29593795 PMCID: PMC5821987 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8137915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Minimal attention has been given to the role of salivary microelements, the importance they have in reducing the intensity of caries, and the effect of caries prophylaxes. Aim This research aimed to determine the concentration and quantity of Zn and its impact on the prevention and the reduction of the intensity of caries in schoolchildren aged 12-13 years with permanent dentition. Methods For this research, we analyzed the stimulated and nonstimulated full saliva of 106 schoolchildren divided into three groups by mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. The control group consisted of 25 caries-free children, the second group had 47 children with mean DMFT index of 1 to 6, and the third group had 34 children with DMFT index of ≥ 6. Complete saliva was collected from all children in a sterile test tube. Results The concentration of Zn in saliva before stimulation in caries-free children has variations of the order of 0.001+ to 0.01 mmol/l. The maximum concentration after stimulation is 6.72 mmol/l, while the maximum value is 64.38 mmol/l. Conclusion The Zn concentration in the stimulated saliva showed a significant increase in the group of caries-free children and could be described as a positive value for the reduction of caries.
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Memarzadeh Zahedani M, Schwahn C, Baguhl R, Kocher T, Below H, Welk A. Association of salivary peroxidase activity and concentration with periodontal health: A validity study. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:803-812. [PMID: 28555944 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Whereas the relationship between myeloperoxidase and periodontitis has been widely examined that between salivary peroxidase and periodontitis has received little attention. We examined how periodontitis depends on both salivary peroxidase activity and concentration. MATERIALS AND METHODS A full mouth, clinical assessment of probing depth was performed in a sample of 46 participants aged 25-54 years. To minimise bias, these data were corrected by data from the general population (Study of Health in Pomerania). Using five repeated measurements of activity and concentration over 1 day, we assessed daily biological variability and increased the reliability of salivary peroxidase measurements. RESULTS Salivary peroxidase activity was associated with probing depth (interquartile range effect = -0.48; robust estimates of 95% confidence interval: -0.90 to -0.31; p = .0052), and its effect was not confounded by salivary peroxidase concentration. In turn, the effect of salivary peroxidase concentration was confounded by salivary peroxidase activity, and it was smaller than that of activity. CONCLUSIONS We found an inverse association between salivary peroxidase activity and probing depth. Thus, our results imply that salivary peroxidase activity could be a protective factor against periodontitis. However, large, well-designed studies are needed to explore the causal mechanisms of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Memarzadeh Zahedani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Schwahn
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Romy Baguhl
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald Below
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Welk
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Xiao X, Liu Y, Guo Z, Liu X, Sun H, Li Q, Sun W. Comparative proteomic analysis of the influence of gender and acid stimulation on normal human saliva using LC/MS/MS. Proteomics Clin Appl 2017; 11. [PMID: 28198151 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human saliva is an important source for disease biomarker discovery. This study is to investigate the influence of gender and acid stimulation on the normal human salivary proteome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Unstimulated and acid-stimulated saliva samples from 5 males and 5 females were labeled with 4-plex iTRAQ and analyzed by 2-DLC MS/MS. By bioinformatics analysis the gender and acid stimulation related proteins were defined. According to protein annotation the important proteins were validated by multiple reaction monitor analysis. RESULTS A total of 1770 proteins were identified, and 82 proteins in unstimulated saliva were found to be gender-specific, mainly associated with immune function, metabolism and inflammation. However, no gender-specific proteins were found in acid-stimulated saliva. In addition, 182 and 307 differential proteins were found to be acid stimulation-specific in male samples and female samples, respectively, mainly participated in the process of cellular movement, immune function and inflammatory response. Besides, it was found that acid stimulation caused more significant alteration and played a more important role in the human salivary proteome than gender. Gender-specific (IGHG2 and TIMP1) and acid stimulation (PERL, ENOA, ACTB, B4E022 and CALL3) related proteins were validated by MRM analysis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The results indicate that gender differences exist in the unstimulated salivary proteome, and the influence of acid stimulation on the salivary proteome was more significant than that of gender. The above results may be helpful for salivary proteome research in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Xiao
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoran Liu
- Department of stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengguang Guo
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haidan Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Core Facility of Instrument, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Montero-Padilla S, Velaga S, Morales JO. Buccal Dosage Forms: General Considerations for Pediatric Patients. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:273-282. [PMID: 27301872 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0567-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of an appropriate dosage form for pediatric patients needs to take into account several aspects, since adult drug biodistribution differs from that of pediatrics. In recent years, buccal administration has become an attractive route, having different dosage forms under development including tablets, lozenges, films, and solutions among others. Furthermore, the buccal epithelium can allow quick access to systemic circulation, which could be used for a rapid onset of action. For pediatric patients, dosage forms to be placed in the oral cavity have higher requirements for palatability to increase acceptance and therapy compliance. Therefore, an understanding of the excipients required and their functions and properties needs to be particularly addressed. This review is focused on the differences and requirements relevant to buccal administration for pediatric patients (compared to adults) and how novel dosage forms can be less invasive and more acceptable alternatives.
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Ekström J, Khosravani N, Castagnola M, Messana I. Saliva and the Control of Its Secretion. Dysphagia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/174_2017_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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20
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Geetha C, Venkatesh SG, Bingle L, Bingle CD, Gorr SU. Design and Validation of Anti-inflammatory Peptides from Human Parotid Secretory Protein. J Dent Res 2016; 84:149-53. [PMID: 15668332 DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parotid secretory protein (PSP) and palate-lung-nasal epithelium clone (PLUNC) are novel secretory proteins that are expressed in the oral cavity and upper airways. Both proteins are related to bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI). Cationic peptides derived from BPI exhibit anti-inflammatory activity. To test if PSP (C20orf70 gene product) also contains anti-inflammatory peptides, we designed 3 cationic peptides based on the predicted structure of PSP and known active regions of BPI. Each peptide inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated secretion of TNFα from RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. At 200 μg/mL, the peptide GK-7 exhibited inhibition similar to that achieved with 10 μg/mL of polymyxin B. PSP peptides directly inhibited the binding of LPS to LPS-binding protein. The cationic peptide Substance P had no inhibitory effect in these assays, confirming the specificity of the PSP peptides. These findings suggest that PSP peptides can serve as templates for the design of novel anti-inflammatory peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Geetha
- Department of Periodontics, Endodontics and Dental Hygiene, Room 209C, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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21
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Imamura Y, Wang PL, Masuno K, Sogawa N. Salivary protein histatin 3 regulates cell proliferation by enhancing p27(Kip1) and heat shock cognate protein 70 ubiquitination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:269-274. [PMID: 26775844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Histatins are salivary proteins with antimicrobial activities. We previously reported that histatin 3 binds to heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), which is constitutively expressed, and induces DNA synthesis stimulation and promotes human gingival fibroblast (HGF) survival. However, the underlying mechanisms of histatin 3 remain largely unknown. Here, we found that the KRHH sequence of histatin 3 at the amino acid positions 5-8 was essential for enhancing p27(Kip1) (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor) binding to HSC70 that occurred in a dose-dependent manner; histatin 3 enhanced the binding between p27(Kip1) and HSC70 during the G1/S transition of HGFs as opposed to histatin 3-M(5-8) (substitution of KRHH for EEDD in histatin 3). Histatin 3, but not histatin 3-M(5-8), stimulated DNA synthesis and promoted HGF survival. Histatin 3 dose-dependently enhanced both p27(Kip1) and HSC70 ubiquitination, whereas histatin 3-M(5-8) did not. These findings provide further evidence that histatin 3 may be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, particularly during G1/S transition, via the ubiquitin-proteasome system of p27(Kip1) and HSC70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan.
| | - Pao-Li Wang
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Kazuya Masuno
- Department of Dental Education Innovation, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1121, Japan
| | - Norio Sogawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
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22
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Gao X, Jiang S, Koh D, Hsu CYS. Salivary biomarkers for dental caries. Periodontol 2000 2015; 70:128-41. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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da Silva Rath IB, Beltrame APCA, Carvalho AP, Schaeffer MB, Almeida ICS. HIV-associated salivary gland disease--clinical or imaging diagnosis? Int J Paediatr Dent 2015; 25:233-8. [PMID: 25187268 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This work aimed at studying the salivary gland disease (SGD) as it relates to associated factors, such as persistent generalised lymphadenopathy (PGL), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP), clinical and immunological features of AIDS, and salivary flow rate and pH, as well as at exploring the relationship between the clinical diagnosis and the imaging diagnosis by ultrasound (US) examination of the parotid glands. METHODS Information regarding the observation of parotid gland enlargement, PGL, LIP, and clinical and immunological features of AIDS was gathered from medical records, and a saliva sample for unstimulated salivary flow rate and pH measurement was collected from 142 children aged 3 through 10 years treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases of Joana de Gusmão Children's Hospital, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. High-resolution ultrasonography was performed in 58 children. Pearson's chi-square test and t-test were used to evaluate the association between the variables. RESULTS A significant association was found between SGD and LIP. Ultrasound revealed a 50% higher incidence of SGD that was not reported in the patients' records. CONCLUSION US examination proved to be essential for the correct diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of HIV/SGD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aroldo P Carvalho
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Joana de Gusmão Hospital for Children, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Izabel C S Almeida
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Tonguc-Altin K, Sandalli N, Duman G, Selvi-Kuvvetli S, Topcuoglu N, Kulekci G. Development of novel formulations containing Lysozyme and Lactoferrin and evaluation of antibacterial effects on Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:706-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Kim BS, Kim YY, Chang JY, Kho HS. Interactions between Hyaluronic Acid, Lysozyme, Peroxidase, and Glucose Oxidase in Enzymatic Activities at Low pH. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.14476/jomp.2014.39.4.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Bafort F, Parisi O, Perraudin JP, Jijakli MH. Mode of action of lactoperoxidase as related to its antimicrobial activity: a review. Enzyme Res 2014; 2014:517164. [PMID: 25309750 PMCID: PMC4182067 DOI: 10.1155/2014/517164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoperoxidase is a member of the family of the mammalian heme peroxidases which have a broad spectrum of activity. Their best known effect is their antimicrobial activity that arouses much interest in in vivo and in vitro applications. In this context, the proper use of lactoperoxidase needs a good understanding of its mode of action, of the factors that favor or limit its activity, and of the features and properties of the active molecules. The first part of this review describes briefly the classification of mammalian peroxidases and their role in the human immune system and in host cell damage. The second part summarizes present knowledge on the mode of action of lactoperoxidase, with special focus on the characteristics to be taken into account for in vitro or in vivo antimicrobial use. The last part looks upon the characteristics of the active molecule produced by lactoperoxidase in the presence of thiocyanate and/or iodide with implication(s) on its antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Bafort
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liége University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - O. Parisi
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liége University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - J.-P. Perraudin
- Taradon Laboratory, Avenue Léon Champagne 2, 1480 Tubize, Belgium
| | - M. H. Jijakli
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, Liége University, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
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Talpaert MJ, Balfour A, Stevens S, Baker M, Muhlschlegel FA, Gourlay CW. Candida biofilm formation on voice prostheses. J Med Microbiol 2014; 64:199-208. [PMID: 25106862 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.078717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Laryngopharyngeal malignancy is treated with radiotherapy and/or surgery. When total laryngectomy is required, major laryngeal functions (phonation, airway control, swallowing and coughing) are affected. The insertion of a silicone rubber voice prosthesis in a surgically created tracheoesophageal puncture is the most effective method for voice rehabilitation. Silicone, as is the case with other synthetic materials such as polymethylmethacrylate, polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and polystyrene, has the propensity to become rapidly colonized by micro-organisms (mainly Candida albicans) forming a biofilm, which leads to the failure of the devices. Silicone is used within voice prosthetic devices because of its flexible properties, which are essential for valve function. Valve failure, as well as compromising speech, may result in aspiration pneumonia, and repeated valve replacement may lead to either tract stenosis or insufficiency. Prevention and control of biofilm formation are therefore crucial for the lifespan of the prosthesis and promotion of tracheoesophageal tissue and lung health. To date, the mechanisms of biofilm formation on voice prostheses are not fully understood. Further studies are therefore required to identify factors influencing Candida biofilm formation. This review describes the factors known to influence biofilm formation on voice prostheses and current strategies employed to prolong their life by interfering with microbial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moira J Talpaert
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Alistair Balfour
- Ear, Nose and Throat Services, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, The William Harvey Hospital, Kennington Road, Ashford TN24 0LZ, UK
| | - Sarah Stevens
- Macmillan Speech and Language Therapy Services, Kent and Canterbury Hospital, Ethelbert Road, Canterbury CT1 3NG, UK
| | - Mark Baker
- Clinical Microbiology Service, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, The William Harvey Hospital, Kennington Road, Ashford TN24 0LZ, UK
| | - Fritz A Muhlschlegel
- Clinical Microbiology Service, East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, The William Harvey Hospital, Kennington Road, Ashford TN24 0LZ, UK
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Campbell W Gourlay
- Kent Fungal Group, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK
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Martínez-Hernández M, Olivares-Navarrete R, Almaguer-Flores A. Influence of the Periodontal Status on the Initial-Biofilm Formation on Titanium Surfaces. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 18:174-81. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Martínez-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal; Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF México
| | | | - Argelia Almaguer-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biología Periodontal; Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; México DF México
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Gudipaneni RK, Kumar R V, G J, Peddengatagari S, Duddu Y. Short term comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of tooth paste containing lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase in children with severe early childhood caries: a clinical study. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC18-20. [PMID: 24959510 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/8161.4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The present study is conducted to compare the anti-microbial efficacy of tooth paste containing lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase (BioXtra ®), a 500ppm fluoride tooth paste, and a non fluoridated tooth paste in children with Severe Early Childhood Caries (S-ECC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Study group included 30 children with S-ECC aged 3-5 years. Subjects were randomly selected & divided into three groups of ten each. Group I: Non-fluoride tooth paste, Group II: 500 ppm fluoride tooth paste, Group III: tooth paste containing lactoferrin, lysozyme & lactoperoxidase. Estimation of salivary S. mutans and L. acidophilus levels was accomplished by collecting salivary samples and inoculated on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar (MSB) and Rogosa SL media. Colony Forming Units (CFUs) were counted and the results were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS Brushing with tooth paste containing lysozyme, lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase after a week showed highly significant reduction in the CFU counts of both salivary S. mutans and L. acidophilus (p<0.001), whereas 500ppm fluoride tooth paste showed a highly significant reduction in the S. mutans levels (p<0.001), but a significant reduction in L. acidophilus count (p<0.01). Non-fluoride tooth paste showed a highly significant reduction in S. mutans (p<0.001) only, but reduction in the L. acidophilus levels was insignificant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The present study revealed that tooth paste containing lactoferrin, lysozyme, and lactoperoxidase was highly significant in reducing the salivary levels of mutans Streptococci and L. acidophilus in children with S-ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Gudipaneni
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital , Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar R
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital , Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jesudass G
- Associate Professor, Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital , Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Peddengatagari
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Government Dental College and Hospital , Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Yesuratnam Duddu
- Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Government Dental College and Hospital , Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Oral transmucosal drug delivery for pediatric use. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 73:50-62. [PMID: 23999459 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The formulation of medicines for children remains a challenge. An ideal pediatric formulation must allow accurate dose administration and be in a dosage form that can be handled by the target age group. It is also important to consider the choices and the amount of excipients used in the formulation for this vulnerable age group. Although oral formulations are generally acceptable to most pediatric patients, they are not suitable for drugs with poor oral bioavailability or when a rapid clinical effect is required. In recent years, oral transmucosal delivery has emerged as an attractive route of administration for pediatric patients. With this route of administration, a drug is absorbed through the oral mucosa, therefore bypassing hepatic first pass metabolism and thus avoiding drug degradation or metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. The high blood flow and relatively high permeability of the oral mucosa allow a quick onset of action to be achieved. It is a simple and non-invasive route of drug administration. However, there are several barriers that need to be overcome in the development of oral transmucosal products. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current development of oral transmucosal delivery specifically for the pediatric population in order to achieve systemic drug delivery. The anatomical and physiological properties of the oral mucosa of infants and young children are carefully examined. The different dosage forms and formulation strategies that are suitable for young patients are discussed.
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Imamura Y, Wang PL. Salivary histatin 3 inhibits heat shock cognate protein 70-mediated inflammatory cytokine production through toll-like receptors in human gingival fibroblasts. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014; 11:4. [PMID: 24495360 PMCID: PMC3922778 DOI: 10.1186/1476-9255-11-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Salivary histatins are bioactive peptides related to the innate immune system associated with antimicrobial activities. However, very little is known about the physiological and biological functions of histatins against host cells or their role in oral cell inflammation. Histatin 3 binds to heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70, a constitutively expressed heat shock protein (HSP)). It is unclear whether HSC70 is involved in the inflammatory response in oral cells. Injured oral cells release some intracellular proteins including HSC70. It is possible that released HSC70 induces toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, just as extracellular HSP70 (a stress inducible HSP) does, and that histatin 3 affects this process. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that HSC70 activates TLR signaling and histatin 3 inhibits this activation and inflammatory cytokine production. Methods A nuclear factor (NF)-κB-dependent luciferase reporter plasmid was transfected into HEK293 cells stably expressing TLR2 with coreceptor CD14 (293-TLR2/CD14 cells) or stably expressing TLR4 with CD14 and the accessory molecule MD2 (293-TLR4/MD2-CD14 cells). The cells were stimulated with HSC70 in the presence or absence of histatin 3, and examined using luciferase assays. We also stimulated human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with HSC70 with or without histatin 3. Then, we analyzed the levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8) in the culture media. Cell proteins were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting with antibodies of mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-κB inhibitor IκB-α, respectively. Histatin 3-bound form of HSC70 was analyzed using limited V8 protease proteolysis. Results HSC70 induced NF-κB activation in a dose-dependent manner in 293-TLR2/CD14 and 293-TLR4/MD2-CD14 cells, and histatin 3 inhibited this process and when histatin 3 binding to HSC70 was precluded by 15-deoxyspergualin, which augmented NF-κB-triggered activation. In HGFs, histatin 3 also inhibited HSC70-induced inflammatory cytokine production, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase phosphorylation, and degradation of IκB-α. Moreover, HSC70 in the presence of histatin 3 was relatively resistant to digestion by V8 protease compared with HSC70 in the presence of control peptide. Conclusions Histatin 3 may be an inhibitor of HSC70-triggered activation of TLR signaling and inflammatory cytokine production and may be involved in inflammation processes noted in oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Matsumoto Dental University, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan.
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Interactions between hyaluronic acid, lysozyme, and the glucose oxidase-mediated lactoperoxidase system in enzymatic and candidacidal activities. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:1349-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gill SK, Teixeira AM, Rama L, Rosado F, Hankey J, Scheer V, Robson-Ansley P, Costa RJS. Salivary antimicrobial protein responses during multistage ultramarathon competition conducted in hot environmental conditions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2013; 38:977-87. [PMID: 23905664 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2013-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prolonged strenuous exercise is commonly reported to depress oral-respiratory immune status and increase the incidence of upper respiratory symptoms. This novel investigation aimed to determine the salivary antimicrobial responses and hydration status of ultraendurance runners (n = 23) during a 230-km multistage ultramarathon conducted in hot ambient conditions (32-40 °C). Body mass was measured and unstimulated saliva and venous blood samples were taken before and after each stage of the ultramarathon. Ad libitum fluid intake was permitted throughout each race day. Upper respiratory symptoms were monitored during and until 4 weeks after race completion. Samples were analyzed for salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA), lysozyme, α-amylase, and cortisol, as well as for plasma and saliva osmolality. Mean exercise-induced body mass loss over the 5 stages ranged from 1.3% to 2.4%. Overall mean pre- and post-stage plasma osmolality measurements in the ultraendurance runners were 279 ± 14 mOsmol·kg(-1) and 293 ± 15 mOsmol·kg(-1), respectively. Decreases in saliva flow rate (overall change 22%) and post-stage increases in saliva osmolality (36%) were observed in the ultraendurance runners during the ultramarathon. Reduced salivary IgA (32%) (p < 0.001 vs. pre-stage salivary IgA), enhanced salivary α-amylase (187%) (p < 0.001 vs. pre-stage salivary α-amylase), and no change in salivary lysozyme secretion rates were observed in the ultraendurance runners throughout the ultramarathon. Only 1 ultraendurance runner reported upper respiratory symptoms during and 1 month after competition. Observed depressions in salivary IgA secretion rates were offset by favourable increases in salivary α-amylase and unchanged lysozyme responses in the majority of runners during the competition. Ensuring euhydration throughout a multistage ultramarathon competition in the heat may play a role in protecting the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Kirsty Gill
- a Sport and Exercise Science Applied Research Group, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
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Takeuchi S, Ueno M, Takehara S, Pham TAV, Hakuta C, Morishima S, Shinada K, Kawaguchi Y. The relationship between turbidity of mouth-rinsed water and oral health status. Acta Odontol Scand 2013; 71:183-8. [PMID: 22339260 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2011.654258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between turbidity of mouth rinsed water and oral health status such as dental and periodontal conditions, oral hygiene status, flow rate of saliva and oral bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects were 165 patients who visited the Dental Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University. Oral health status, including dental and periodontal conditions, oral hygiene status and flow rate of saliva, was clinically examined. The turbidity was measured with a turbidimeter. Quantification of Fusobacterium spp, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola and total bacteria levels was performed using real-time PCR. The Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the associations between the turbidity and oral health parameters. RESULTS The turbidity showed significant correlations with the number of decayed teeth and deep pockets, the plaque index, extent of tongue coating and Fusobacterium spp, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola and total bacteria levels. In a multiple regression model, the turbidity was negatively associated with the flow rate of saliva and positively associated with the total number of bacteria (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Current findings suggested that turbidity of mouth rinsed water could be used as an indicator to evaluate oral health condition and the amount of bacteria in the oral cavity. In addition, the turbiditimeter appeared as a simple and objective device for screening abnormality of oral health condition at chair side as well as community-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Takeuchi
- Department of Oral Health Promotion, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, School of Oral Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Saliva is a complex fluid, which influences oral health through specific and nonspecific physical and chemical properties. The importance of saliva in our everyday activities and the medicinal properties it possesses are often taken for granted. However, when disruptions in the quality or quantity of saliva do occur in an individual, it is likely that he or she will experience detrimental effects on oral and systemic health. Often head and neck radiotherapy has serious and detrimental side effects on the oral cavity including the loss of salivary gland function and a persistent complaint of a dry mouth (xerostomia). Thus, saliva has a myriad of beneficial functions that are essential to our well-being. Although saliva has been extensively investigated as a medium, few laboratories have studied saliva in the context of its role in maintaining oral and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjul Tiwari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Saliva and Blood Concentration of Cefuroxime in Patients Undergoing Maxillofacial Surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 70:1398-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Okuda T, Kokubu E, Kawana T, Saito A, Okuda K, Ishihara K. Synergy in biofilm formation between Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella species. Anaerobe 2011; 18:110-6. [PMID: 21945879 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The formation of biofilm by anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria in the subgingival crevice plays an important role in the development of chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of coaggregation between Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella species in biofilm formation. Coaggregation between F. nucleatum and Prevotella species was determined by visual assay. Effect of co-culture of the species on biofilm formation was assessed by crystal violet staining. Effect of soluble factor on biofilm formation was also examined using culture supernatant and two-compartment co-culture separated by a porous membrane. Production of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) by the organisms was evaluated using Vibrio harveyi BB170. Cells of all F. nucleatum strains coaggregated with Prevotella intermedia or Prevotella nigrescens with a score of 1-4. Addition of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid or l-lysine inhibited coaggregation. Coaggregation disappeared after heating of P. intermedia or P. nigrescens cells, or Proteinase K treatment of P. nigrescens cells. Co-culture of F. nucleatum ATCC 25586 with P. intermedia or P. nigrescens strains increased biofilm formation compared with single culture (p < 0.01); co-culture with culture supernatant of these strains, however, did not enhance biofilm formation by F. nucleatum. Production of AI-2 in Prevotella species was not related to enhancement of biofilm formation by F. nucleatum. These findings indicate that physical contact by coaggregation of F. nucleatum strains with P. intermedia or P. nigrescens plays a key role in the formation of biofilm by these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Okuda
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Chiba 261-8502, Japan
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Interactions between host and oral commensal microorganisms are key events in health and disease status. Can J Infect Dis 2011; 13:47-51. [PMID: 18159373 DOI: 10.1155/2002/580476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2001] [Accepted: 10/25/2001] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity has sometimes been described as a mirror that reflects a person's health. Systemic disease such as diabetes or vitamin deficiency may be seen as alterations in the oral mucosa. A variety of external factors cause changes in the oral mucosa, thus altering mucosal structure and function, and promoting oral pathologies (most frequently bacterial, fungal and viral infections). Little is known, however, about immune surveillance mechanisms that involve the oral mucosa.There is no direct contact between specific immune cells in the basal epithelium and microorganisms in the upper layers of the oral mucosa. The author's hypothesis is that the protective immunity is conveyed through epithelial cells. The present brief review assesses the oral mucosa's role as the main defense in the interactions between the host and the oral microbial community. A unique model was used to investigate these interactions as the cause of oral disease and to develop new treatments that exploit our knowledge of the host-microorganism relationship.
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Paganini M, Dezan CC, Bichaco TR, de Andrade FB, Neto AC, Fernandes KBP. Dental caries status and salivary properties of asthmatic children and adolescents. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011; 21:185-91. [PMID: 21281365 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2010.01109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the dental caries status and salivary properties in 3- to 15-year-old children/adolescents. METHODS The sample was split in two groups: asthma group (AG), composed of 65 patients who attended Public Health Service; asthma-free group (AFG), composed of 65 nonasthmatic children/adolescents recruited in two public schools. Stimulated salivary samples were collected for 3 min. Buffering capacity and pH were ascertained in each salivary sample. A single trained and calibrated examiner (kappa = 0.98) performed the dental caries examination according to WHO criteria. RESULTS The AFG showed salivary flow rate (1.10 ± 0.63 mL/min) higher (P = 0.002) than AG (0.80 ± 0.50 mL/min). An inverse relationship was observed between asthma severity and salivary flow rate (Phi coefficient, rφ: 0.79, P = 0.0001). Children with moderate or severe asthma showed an increased risk for reduced salivary flow rate (OR: 17.15, P < 0.001). No association was observed between drug use frequency (P > 0.05) and drug type (P > 0.05) with salivary flow rate. Buffering capacity was similar in both groups. No significant differences were encountered in dental caries experience between AFG and AG groups. CONCLUSIONS Although asthma can cause reduction in flow rate, the illness did not seem to influence dental caries experience in children with access to proper dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Paganini
- School of Dentistry, University of Northern Parana-UNOPAR, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Almaguer-Flores A, Olivares-Navarrete R, Wieland M, Ximénez-Fyvie LA, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 23:301-7. [PMID: 21492236 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the microtopography and hydrophilicity of titanium (Ti) substrates on initial oral biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine bacterial species belonging to the normal oral microbiota, including: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces israelii, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Streptococcus sanguinis were tested on Ti surfaces: pretreatment (PT [R(a) <0.2 μm]), acid-etched (A [R(a) <0.8 μm]), A modified to be hydrophilic (modA), sand-blasted/acid-etched (SLA [R(a) =4 μm]), and hydrophilic SLA (modSLA). Disks were incubated for 24 h in anaerobic conditions using a normal culture medium (CM) or human saliva (HS). The total counts of bacteria and the proportion of each bacterial species were analysed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS Higher counts of bacteria were observed on all surfaces incubated with CM compared with the samples incubated with HS. PT, SLA, and modSLA exhibited higher numbers of attached bacteria in CM, whereas SLA and modSLA had a significant increase in bacterial adhesion in HS. The proportion of the species in the initial biofilms was also influenced by the surface properties and the media used: SLA and modSLA increased the proportion of species like A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. sanguinis in both media, while the adhesion of A. israelii and P. gingivalis on the same surfaces was affected in the presence of saliva. CONCLUSIONS The initial biofilm formation and composition were affected by the microtopography and hydrophilicity of the surface and by the media used.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Almaguer-Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional, Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF México
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Protective effects of polysaccharides and polyhydric alcohols in a dry mouth model in cultured cells. Support Care Cancer 2011; 20:725-31. [PMID: 21479526 PMCID: PMC8926973 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-011-1135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of the study was to investigate the effects of 21 polysaccharides and 12 polyhydric alcohols on inhibition of dryness in oral mucosal epithelial cells in vitro. All the tested compounds are currently used in oral products. METHODS Human gingival epithelial Ca9-22 cells were incubated in 96-well plates until the cells reached confluence. After removal of the culture medium, the cells were incubated with a solution containing one of 21 polysaccharides (seven semisynthetic and 14 natural polysaccharides) or 12 polyhydric alcohols for 15 min (short-term treatment). After removal of the sample solution, the cells were dried at 25°C and 30% humidity, and cell viability was measured to determine the effect of each compound on prevention of cell death due to drying. The effects of the polyhydric alcohols were also examined for 3 days (long-term treatment). RESULTS The semisynthetic polysaccharides ethylcellulose (EC), methylcellulose (MC), and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and the natural polysaccharides xanthan and gellan gum significantly inhibited cell death due to drying. Hydroxypropylcellulose increased cell death under these conditions. Of the polyhydric alcohols, long-term treatment with glycosyltrehalose significantly inhibited cell death due to drying, but short-term treatment with glycosyltrehalose did not do so. Long-term treatment had an effect on cell proliferation that appeared to differ from the effect of short-term treatment. CONCLUSIONS Short-term treatment with EC, MC, HPMC, xanthan gum, and gellan gum and long-term treatment with glycosyltrehalose showed significant inhibition of cell death due to drying. These materials might have protective effects against dry mouth.
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Proksch S, Steinberg T, Keller C, Wolkewitz M, Wiedmann-Al-Ahmad M, Finkenzeller G, Hannig C, Hellwig E, Al-Ahmad A. Human saliva exposure modulates bone cell performance in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 2011; 16:69-77. [PMID: 21246386 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-010-0506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various situations encountered by a clinician during the daily routine including surgical periodontitis therapy, dental implant insertion, or tooth extraction involve the contact of saliva with the jaw bone. However, there are only sparse data concerning the influence of saliva on bone cells. Saliva specimens were incorporated within culture medium and administered to murine MC3T3 osteoblasts, of which the morphology (REM), proliferation (EZ4U), and differentiation (qRT-PCR, alkaline phosphatase activity, extracellular matrix calcification) were assessed. Simultaneously, the composition of saliva media was analyzed with respect to the content of lactoferrin, activities of classical salivary enzymes, and the ability to provoke inflammatory cytokine production (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in MC3T3 osteoblasts. The morphology, proliferation, and expression of differentiation-associated genes were seriously handicapped by saliva contact. Saliva-touched cells exhibited less alkaline phosphatase but normal levels of extracellular matrix mineralization. Saliva-containing culture media featured physiological activities of salivary enzymes and considerable amounts of lactoferrin but almost completely lacked salivary alkaline phosphatase and unspecific proteases. Upon saliva incubation, MC3T3 osteoblasts did not release noteworthy levels of interleukin-1 beta or tumor necrosis factor alpha. Although saliva is generally considered to vitalize oral tissues, this study reveals that it harms osteoblast-like cells more due to the presence of salivary enzymes than by triggering of inflammation. This issue is clinically relevant because it broadens the understanding of the bone cell fate within the rather complex cosmos of the oral cavity thereby providing a basis for clinical decision making and treatment guidelines. It seems to be reasonable to restrict the contact period between saliva and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Proksch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dental School and Hospital, University Medical Center Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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Lee JY, Kim YY, Chang JY, Park MS, Kho HS. The effects of peroxidase on the enzymatic and candidacidal activities of lysozyme. Arch Oral Biol 2010; 55:607-12. [PMID: 20591411 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of peroxidase or the peroxidase system on the enzymatic and candidacidal activities of lysozyme. DESIGN The effects of peroxidase on lysozyme were examined by incubating hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) with bovine lactoperoxidase (bLPO). The influence of the peroxidase system on lysozyme was examined by the subsequent addition of potassium thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide. Lysozyme activity was determined by the turbidity measurement of a Micrococcus lysodeikticus substrate suspension. Candidacidal activity was determined by comparing the colony forming units of Candida albicans ATCC 10231, ATCC 18804, and ATCC 11006. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze the effects of variables. RESULTS bLPO at physiological concentrations enhanced the enzymatic activity of HEWL and its effect was dependent on bLPO concentration. The enhancement of enzymatic activity of HEWL by bLPO was affected by pH and ionic strength. The addition of potassium thiocyanate and hydrogen peroxide did not lead to an additional enhancement of the enzymatic activity of HEWL, as compared with bLPO alone. HEWL displayed candidacidal activity in all 3 strains of C. ablicans. The addition of bLPO alone did not affect the candidacidal activity of HEWL, but the bLPO system enhanced candidacidal activity of HEWL in all 3 strains of C. ablicans. CONCLUSIONS bLPO enhanced the enzymatic activity of HEWL, but the bLPO system did not show additional enhancement of the enzymatic activity of HEWL. The addition of bLPO did not affect the candidacidal activity of HEWL, but the bLPO system did enhance the candidacidal activity of HEWL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Yun Lee
- Dept. of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Chongro-Ku, Seoul 110-749, Republic of Korea
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Almaguer-Flores A, Ximénez-Fyvie LA, Rodil SE. Oral bacterial adhesion on amorphous carbon and titanium films: Effect of surface roughness and culture media. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2010; 92:196-204. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Sugiura Y, Soga Y, Yamabe K, Tsutani S, Tanimoto I, Maeda H, Kokeguchi S, Fujii N, Ishimaru F, Tanimoto M, Nishimura F, Takashiba S. Total bacterial counts on oral mucosa after using a commercial saliva substitute in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation. Support Care Cancer 2009; 18:395-8. [PMID: 19960207 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-009-0789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The commercial saliva substitute Oralbalance has been reported to alleviate symptoms of postradiotherapy xerostomia in head and neck cancer patients. Oralbalance may also be effective for xerostomia in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with high-dose chemotherapy and total-body irradiation. However, HCT patients are in a severely compromised condition, and saliva substitute must not promote infection. We reported previously that Oralbalance has antimicrobial effects against microbial species detected during HCT in vitro. This study was performed to determine the in vivo effects of Oralbalance on oral mucosal total bacterial counts in patients undergoing HCT. METHODS A total of 18 neutropenic patients undergoing HCT were enrolled in this study. Before and after 1 week of Oralbalance use, bacterial samples were obtained from patients by wiping an area of varphi1 cm on the buccal mucosa with sterilized cotton swabs. Total bacterial counts of the obtained samples were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene. As controls, bacterial samples were also obtained from ten healthy subjects, and total bacterial counts were examined. RESULTS No significant increase in bacterial count was observed with use of Oralbalance. None of the patients showed bacterial counts above the range found in healthy controls after using Oralbalance. CONCLUSIONS In neutropenic patients undergoing HCT, Oralbalance did not increase the total counts of oral mucosal bacteria beyond the range found in healthy controls. Oral care using Oralbalance may alleviate the symptoms induced by hyposalivation without promoting infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Sugiura
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
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Bowden GHW. The Microbial Ecology of Dental Caries. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/089106000750051819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. H. W. Bowden
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Canada R3E 0W2
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Nater UM, Rohleder N. Salivary alpha-amylase as a non-invasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system: current state of research. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009; 34:486-96. [PMID: 19249160 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 876] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 01/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Development of new biomarkers is a constantly evolving field of research endeavor in psychoneuroendocrinology. Salivary biomarkers have received special attention since they are readily accessible and easily obtained. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has been proposed as a sensitive biomarker for stress-related changes in the body that reflect the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and a growing body of research is accumulating to support the validity and reliability of this parameter. However, questions remain to be answered before sAA can be accepted as an index of SNS activity. This review describes sAA as an emerging biomarker for stress and provides an overview of the current literature on stress-related alterations in sAA. It critically discusses how sAA might reflect changes in the autonomic nervous system. Finally, current and future fields for the application of sAA measurement are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- U M Nater
- University of Zurich, Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Imamura Y, Fujigaki Y, Oomori Y, Usui S, Wang PL. Cooperation of salivary protein histatin 3 with heat shock cognate protein 70 relative to the G1/S transition in human gingival fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:14316-25. [PMID: 19321452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m807278200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Histatins, a family of salivary proteins, have antimicrobial activity. Candida albicans, which is killed by histatins, induces oral candidiasis in individuals with compromised immune systems. Although the functional significance of histatins has been documented, their biological and physiological functions against host cells have not been clarified. In this study, we found that histatin 3, a member of the histatin family, binds to heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70). These proteins were co-localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus in human gingival fibroblasts following non-heat and heat shock. Histatin 3 induced stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell survival in human gingival fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. This DNA synthesis was found to be dependent on HSC70 by knockdown experiments. The effect of heat shock on DNA synthesis induced by histatin 3 was approximately 2-fold higher than that of non-heat shock. When the histatin 3 uptake into cells was inhibited by monodansylcadaverine or when histatin 3 binding to HSC70 was precluded by 15-deoxyspergualin, DNA synthesis by histatin 3 was approximately 2-fold less than that without monodansylcadaverine or 15-deoxyspergualin. Although HSC70 directly bound to p27(Kip1) (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), histatin 3 increased the binding between those proteins but not with a peptide capable of binding to HSC70. Moreover histatin 3 prevented ATP-dependent dissociation of HSC70-p27(Kip1). ATP was unable to form a histatin 3-HSC70(D10N)-p27(Kip1) complex (HSC70(D10N) is a mutant attenuating ATPase activity). These findings suggest that histatin 3 may be involved in cell proliferation through the regulation of HSC70 and p27(Kip1) in oral cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Imamura
- Departments of Pharmacology, Community Dentistry, Special Patient and Oral Care, and Periodontology, Matsumoto Dental University, 1780 Gohbara, Hiro-oka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan
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Synergistic activity of lysozyme and antifungal agents against Candida albicans biofilms on denture acrylic surfaces. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:115-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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