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Mackus M, van de Loo AJAE, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, Scholey A, Verster JC. The Association between Ethanol Elimination Rate and Hangover Severity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4324. [PMID: 32560357 PMCID: PMC7345465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Assessments in blood and saliva suggests that the amount of ethanol present in the first hours after alcohol consumption and into the following morning is associated with hangover severity. The current analysis determines how ethanol elimination rate is related to hangover severity reported throughout the day. n = 8 subjects participated in two studies. The first was a naturalistic study comprising an evening of alcohol consumption. Hangover severity was assessed hourly from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., using a 1-item hangover severity scale ranging from 0 (absent) to 10 (extreme). The second study comprised a highly controlled alcohol challenge to reach a breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) of 0.05%. Breathalyzer tests were conducted every 5 min until BrAC reached zero. The ethanol elimination rate, expressed in BrAC%/hour, was computed by dividing the peak BrAC (%) by the time to BrAC of zero (h). At 11:00, 13:00, and 14:00, there were significant negative partial correlations, controlling for estimated BrAC, between ethanol elimination rate and hangover severity. The findings suggest that drinkers with a faster ethanol elimination rate experience less severe hangovers. The observations should be confirmed in a larger sample of subjects who participate in a single study that assesses both hangover severity and ethanol elimination rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlou Mackus
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (A.J.v.d.L.); (J.G.); (A.D.K.)
| | - Aurora JAE van de Loo
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (A.J.v.d.L.); (J.G.); (A.D.K.)
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (A.J.v.d.L.); (J.G.); (A.D.K.)
- Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Danone Research, 3584CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (A.J.v.d.L.); (J.G.); (A.D.K.)
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Joris C Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (M.M.); (A.J.v.d.L.); (J.G.); (A.D.K.)
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, 3584CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia;
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2
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Evans JI, Maclean AM, Ismail AAA, Love D. Circulating Levels of Plasma Testosterone during Sleep. Proc R Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/003591577106400818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. I. Evans
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF
| | - A. M. Maclean
- Sleep Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Morningside Park, Edinburgh EH10 5HF
| | | | - D. Love
- MRC Clinical Endocrinology Research Unit, Edinburgh
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Rubin RT, Zir LM, Smith RA, Fagan T, Adler R. Experience with the Vankirk-Sassin Technique for Serial Blood Sampling during Sleep. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00029238.1971.11080809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Navy Medical Neuropsychiatric Research Unit, San Diego, California
| | - Leonard M. Zir
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Navy Medical Neuropsychiatric Research Unit, San Diego, California
| | - Richard A. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Navy Medical Neuropsychiatric Research Unit, San Diego, California
| | - Timothy Fagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Navy Medical Neuropsychiatric Research Unit, San Diego, California
| | - Robert Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Brain Research Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
- Navy Medical Neuropsychiatric Research Unit, San Diego, California
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Rubin RT, Poland RE, Lesser IM. Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression. X: Serum growth hormone measures in patients and matched control subjects. Biol Psychiatry 1990; 27:1065-82. [PMID: 2111183 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(90)90044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To determine the extent of dysregulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion in endogenous depression, we measured nocturnal serum GH concentrations and GH responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LHRH), and dexamethasone administration in 40 Research Diagnostic Criteria primary, definite endogenous depressives and 40 individually matched normal control subjects. Compared with their controls, the patients showed no difference in basal nocturnal GH concentrations or in GH responses to TRH or LHRH. The GH measures were not significantly related to the other endocrine measures reported previously, including dexamethasone suppression test status. None of the diagnostic schemes for endogenous/melancholic depression which we studied was significantly related to the GH measures in the patients. Of the other subject and symptom variables, the mood depression factor of the Hamilton depression scale and the performance difficulty factor of the Beck depression inventory were moderately negatively correlated with the nocturnal GH measures. These findings suggest that, in contrast to the previously reported hypothalamopituitary-adrenal cortical and thyroid axis abnormalities in our patients, GH secretion was relatively normal. Patients with more severe depressed mood and greater difficulty accomplishing tasks did have moderately lower nocturnal GH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-U.C.L.A. Medical Center, Torrance 90509
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Rubin RT, Poland RE, Lesser IM, Martin DJ. Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression. V. Serum prolactin measures in patients and matched control subjects. Biol Psychiatry 1989; 25:4-21. [PMID: 2492202 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(89)90142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To ascertain the extent of dysregulation of prolactin (PRL) secretion in endogenous depression, we determined nocturnal serum PRL concentrations and PRL responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LHRH), and dexamethasone administration in 40 Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) primary, definite endogenous depressives and 40 individually matched normal control subjects. Compared to their matched controls, the patients showed no difference in basal nocturnal PRL concentrations, a marginally significant 20%-25% increase in the PRL response to TRH, and no differences in post-LHRH or postdexamethasone PRL concentrations. In the patients, there was a weak, negative correlation between age and PRL (r = -0.30), but none of the other subject characteristics or specific dimensions of depressive symptomatology were significantly related to the PRL measures. The PRL measures also were unrelated to pre- and postdexamethasone cortisol concentrations and to the thyrotropin (TSH) responses to TRH in both groups of subjects. In contrast to the previously reported hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal cortical and thyroid axis abnormalities in these patients, our findings suggest that PRL secretion was relatively normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance 90509
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Rubin RT, Poland RE, Lesser IM. Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression VIII. Pituitary-gonadal axis activity in male patients and matched control subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1989; 14:217-29. [PMID: 2502787 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4530(89)90020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To determine the extent of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis dysfunction in endogenous depressed men, we measured nocturnal and diurnal serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), and estradiol (E2) concentrations, and their responses to gonadotropin releasing hormone (LHRH) and dexamethasone administration, in 16 Research Diagnostic Criteria primary, definite endogenous male depressives and 16 individually matched male normal controls. Compared to their controls, the patients showed no differences in basal nocturnal or diurnal gonadotropin or gonadal steroid hormone concentrations, and no differences in hormone concentrations either post-LHRH or post-dexamethasone. Age was negatively correlated with baseline serum T in the patients but not in the controls, and it was modestly positively correlated with baseline serum LH in both groups of subjects. In the patients, the presence of DSM-III melancholia was modestly negatively correlated with baseline and post-LHRH concentrations of both LH and FSH and was positively correlated with baseline serum T, but it bore no relation to serum E2. None of the other subject characteristics or specific dimensions of depressive symptomatology were significantly related to the HPG axis measures. The HPG axis measures also were unrelated to pre- and post-dexamethasone cortisol concentrations in both groups of subjects. The results of this study suggest that, in contrast to the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal cortical and thyroid axis abnormalities frequently found in endogenous depressives, HPG axis function in male depressives is relatively normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-U.C.L.A. Medical Center, Torrance 90509
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Rubin RT, Poland RE, Lesser IM, Martin DJ. Neuroendocrine aspects of primary endogenous depression--IV. Pituitary-thyroid axis activity in patients and matched control subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 1987; 12:333-47. [PMID: 3124156 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4530(87)90062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In order to ascertain the extent of hypothalamo--pituitary--thyroid (HPT) axis dysfunction in endogenous depression, we determined nocturnal serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations, TSH responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) administration, and serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations in 40 Research Diagnostic Criteria primary, definite endogenous depressives and 40 individually matched normal control subjects. We also examined the relationships of the HPT measures to pre- and post-dexamethasone (DEX) serum and urine cortisol measures and, in the patients, to subject characteristics, the diagnosis of endogenous/melancholic depression by different systems, and the overall severity and specific dimensions of depressive symptomatology. Compared to their matched controls, the patients showed significant reductions in nocturnal serum TSH and serum T3 concentrations. Neither the TSH responses to TRH nor serum T4 concentrations were significantly different between the two groups of subjects. In the patients, none of the subject characteristics, diagnostic schemes for endogenous/melancholic depression or specific aspects of depressive symptomatology were significantly related to HPT activity. The measures of HPT activity were unrelated to measures of hypothalamo--pituitary--adrenal cortical (HPA) axis activity in both groups of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry, Harbor-U.C.L.A. Medical Center, Torrance 90509
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Kapen S, Boyar RM, Hellman L, Weitzman ED. Twenty-four-hour patterns of luteinizing hormone secretion in humans: ontogenetic and sexual considerations. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1975; 42:103-13. [PMID: 1239042 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Daly JR, Evans JI. Daily rhythms of steroid and associated pituitary hormones in man and their relationship to sleep. ADVANCES IN STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1974; 4:61-110. [PMID: 4369904 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-037504-2.50005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sassin JF, Frantz AG, Weitzman ED, Kapen S. Human prolactin: 24-hour pattern with increased release during sleep. Science 1972; 177:1205-7. [PMID: 5057627 DOI: 10.1126/science.177.4055.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Human prolactin was measured in plasma by radioimmunoassay at 20 minute intervals for a 24-hour period in each of six normal adults, whose sleep-wake cycles were monitored polygraphically. A marked diurnal variation in plasma concentrations was demonstrated, with highest values during sleep; periods of episodic release occurred throughout the 24 hours.
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Pawel MA, Sassin JF, Weitzman ED. The temporal relation between HGH release and sleep stage changes at nocturnal sleep onset in man. LIFE SCIENCES. PT. 1: PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 1972; 11:587-93. [PMID: 4656872 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(72)90194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Abstract
Release of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone during sleep in young adult men occurred in unrelated, random, arrhythmic peaks, with no consistency from night to night in the same subject. Release of luteinizing hormone was modestly but significantly larger (14 perecnt) during rapid-eye-movement sleep than it was in non-REM sleep, but release of follicle stimulating hormone was not clearly related to stages of sleep.
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13
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Evans JI, MacLean AW, Ismail AA, Love D. Concentrations of plasma testosterone in normal men during sleep. Nature 1971; 229:261-2. [PMID: 4323550 DOI: 10.1038/229261a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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