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Sahin E, Ipcak HH, Orhan C, Denli M, Erten F, Ozercan IH, Balci TA, Sahin K. Impact of the arginine silicate inositol complex on bone metabolism in broiler chickens with tibial dyschondroplasia caused by manganese deficiency. Br Poult Sci 2024; 65:455-464. [PMID: 38598261 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2332724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
1. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal disorder in broilers that has financial implications, necessitating dietary modifications to reduce the prevalence of this disease. This study explored how arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI) supplementation affected tibial growth plate (TGP) and overall bone health in broilers with manganese (Mn) deficiency-induced TD.2. A total of 240 broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each consisting of 60 birds (15 replicates of four broilers each) as follows: i) Control, with 60 mg Mn per kg of diet; ii) ASI, with 60 mg Mn and 1 g ASI per kg of diet; iii) TD, with 22 mg Mn per kg of diet, and iv) TD+ASI, with 22 mg Mn and 1 g ASI per kg of diet.3. It was found that ASI supplementation increased tibial bone length in Mn-deficient TD broilers (p = 0.007). There was no Mn x ASI interaction for other bone morphometry variables (p > 0.05). However, both tibial bone mineral content and density were affected by Mn and ASI (p < 0.05). With ASI supplementation, serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels were elevated in the TD+ASI group compared to the TD group (p < 0.001). In the TD group, osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels in the TGP decreased compared to the control groups (p < 0.001).4. In contrast, ASI supplementation in the TD broilers counteracted the decrease in OPG compared to TD broilers without ASI supplementation (p < 0.001). The Mn level and ASI supplementation significantly influenced the OPG/receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand ratio (p < 0.001).5. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that inclusion of ASI in broiler diets could enhance bone formation variables by controlling OPG levels in the TGP, potentially serving as an effective method to decrease the occurrence of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - H H Ipcak
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - C Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - M Denli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | - F Erten
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pertek Sakine Genc Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - I H Ozercan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - T A Balci
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - K Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Ojha L, Malik R, Mani V, Singh AK, Singh M. Influence of Silicon Supplementation on Growth, Immunity, Antioxidant, Hormonal Profile and Bone Health Biomarkers in Pre-ruminant Crossbred Calves. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04178-5. [PMID: 38619677 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), a newer trace element, is believed to be important for healthy bone formation and to decrease bone resorption, improving the quality of bone by manipulating several hormones and enzymes. Therefore, the current investigation was conducted to determine the impact of Si supplementation on growth, immunity, antioxidant, hormonal profile and biomarkers of bone health in pre-ruminant crossbred calves. Twenty-four crossbred calves (5-7 days) were selected on the basis of their body weight (BW 31.65 ± 0.46 kg) and divided into 4 groups (n = 6) and fed as per ICAR (2013) feeding standards except that these were additionally supplemented with 0 (Si0), 50 (Si50), 100 (Si100) and 150 (Si150) mg of Si/kg dry matter (DM) in four respective groups for 90 days. Every month, peripheral blood samples were drawn (0, 30, 60 and 90 days post supplementing with Si) and analysed for antioxidant status, hormonal profile and bone health biomarkers. It is reported that dietary Si supplementation improved (P < 0.05) net body weight gain (kg), average daily gain (g) and average dry matter intake (kg), whereas feed intake (kg/100 kg BW), was not altered due to Si supplementation. Structural growth measurements were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Si100 and Si150 groups as compared to Si50 and control groups. However, immune response (humoral as well as cell-mediated immunity), erythrocytic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD, glutathione peroxidase, GPx and catalase), plasma ferric reducing total antioxidant power (FRAP) activity and the plasma concentration of total immunoglobulins (TIg) remained unaffected by Si supplementation. Silicon increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of plasma growth hormone (GH), vitamin D3, bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) in Si100 and Si150 groups, but the levels of calcitonin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hydroxyproline (HYP) remained similar among all the groups. As a result of the current investigation, it can be inferred that the inclusion of 100 and 150 mg of Si/kg DM was effective in improving the growth performance, growth hormone, vitamin D3 and bone health status in pre-ruminant calves. However, supplementation of 150 mg of Si/kg DM had no additional benefit; therefore 100 mg of Si/kg DM is the optimum level of Si supplementation in pre-ruminant calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamella Ojha
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
- Animal Resources Development Department, Government of West Bengal, Murshidabad, India.
| | - Raman Malik
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Veena Mani
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
- Banaras Hindu University, FVAS, RGSC, Mirzapur, India
| | - Manpreet Singh
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
- Department of Sheep Husbandry, Government of J&K, Jammu, India
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Liu Y, Song M, Bai H, Wang C, Wang F, Yuan Q. Curcumin improves the egg quality, antioxidant activity, and intestinal microbiota of quails during the late laying period. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103233. [PMID: 37980738 PMCID: PMC10685021 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary curcumin supplementation on laying performance, egg quality, egg metabolites, lipid metabolism, antioxidant activity, and intestinal microbial composition of quails in the late laying period. A total of 960 late-laying quails (240-day-old) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 replicates each (n = 40/replicate). The experimental diets of the 4 groups consisted of basal diets supplemented with 0, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg curcumin, respectively. The feeding experiment lasted for 8 wk. The results showed that 200 mg/kg curcumin supplementation decreased mortality and increased eggshell thickness and strength compared with the 0 mg/kg curcumin supplementation during wk 5 to 8. In addition, dietary supplementation of curcumin promoted lipid metabolism, enhanced antioxidant activity, and modified intestinal microbiota structure. In conclusion, dietary supplemented with 200 mg/kg curcumin significantly improved the egg quality of quails in the late laying period, primarily by improving lipid metabolism and selectively regulating the intestinal microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Mingxin Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin 150030, China
| | - He Bai
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang 157011, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Beijing Sunshine Yunlian Medical Technology Service Co., Ltd., Beijing 100076, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang 157011, China.
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Sahin K, Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Hayirli A, Komorowski JR, Sahin N. Effects of dietary supplementation of arginine-silicate-inositol complex on absorption and metabolism of calcium of laying hens. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0189329. [PMID: 29360830 PMCID: PMC5779645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of supplementation of arginine-silicate-inositol complex (ASI; 49.5–8.2–25 g/kg, respectively) to laying hens were investigated with respect to eggshell quality, calcium (Ca) balance, and expression of duodenal proteins related to Ca metabolism (calbindin and tight junction proteins). A total of 360 laying hens, 25 weeks old, were divided into 3 groups consisting of 6 replicate of cages, 20 birds per cage. The groups were fed a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 500 or 1000 mg ASI complex per kilogram for 90 days. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA using data during the first week of the adaptation period as covariates. As the ASI complex supplementation level increased, there were increases in feed intake (P < 0.0001), egg production (P < 0.001), egg weight (P < 0.0001) and eggshell weight (P < 0.001) weight, and shell thickness (P < 0.001) and decreases in feed conversion ratio and cracked egg percentage (P < 0.0001 for both). Concentrations of serum osteocalcin (P < 0.0001), vitamin D (P < 0.0001), calcium (P < 0.001), phosphorus (P < 0.001), and alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.008) as well as amounts of calcium retention (P < 0.0001) and eggshell calcium deposition (P < 0.001), and Ca balance (P < 0.0001) increased, whereas amount of calcium excretion (P < 0.001) decreased linearly in a dose-dependent manner. The ASI complex supplementation increased expressions of calcium transporters (calbindin-D28k, N sodium-calcium exchanger, plasma membrane calcium ATPase, and vitamin D receptor) and tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1 and occludin) in the duodenum in a linear fashion (P < 0.0001 for all). In conclusion, provision of dietary ASI complex to laying hens during the peak laying period improved eggshell quality through improving calcium utilization as reflected by upregulation of genes related to the calcium metabolism. Further studies are needed to elucidate the contribution of each of the ASI complex ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
- * E-mail:
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Armagan Hayirli
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - James R. Komorowski
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Nutrition 21 Inc, New York, United States of America
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Dundar S, Eltas A, Hakki SS, Malkoc S, Uslu MO, Tuzcu M, Komorowski J, Ozercan IH, Akdemir F, Sahin K. Dietary arginine silicate inositol complex inhibits periodontal tissue loss in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 10:3771-3778. [PMID: 27895467 PMCID: PMC5117900 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s115088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to induce experimental periodontitis in rats previously fed diets containing arginine silicate inositol (ASI) complex and examine the biochemical, immunological, and radiological effects. Fifty two 8-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were equally divided into four groups. The control group included those fed a standard rat diet with no operation performed during the experiment. The periodontitis, ASI I, and ASI II groups were subjected to experimental periodontitis induction for 11 days after being fed a standard rat diet alone, a diet containing 1.81 g/kg ASI complex, or a diet containing 3.62 g/kg ASI complex, respectively, for 8 weeks. Throughout the 11-day duration of periodontitis induction, all rats were fed standard feed. The rats were euthanized on the eleventh day, and their tissue and blood samples were collected. In the periodontitis group, elevated tissue destruction parameters and reduced tissue formation parameters were found, as compared to the ASI groups. Levels of enzymes, cytokines, and mediators associated with periodontal tissue destruction were lower in rats fed a diet containing ASI complex after experimental periodontitis. These results indicate that ASI complex could be an alternative agent for host modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dundar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig
| | - Abubekir Eltas
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya
| | - Sema S Hakki
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya
| | - Sıddık Malkoc
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya
| | - M Ozay Uslu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya
| | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | | | - Fatih Akdemir
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Inonu University, Malatya
| | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Hosseini-Vashan SJ, Golian A, Yaghobfar A. Growth, immune, antioxidant, and bone responses of heat stress-exposed broilers fed diets supplemented with tomato pomace. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2016; 60:1183-1192. [PMID: 26589827 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1112-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation of dried tomato pomace (DTP) on growth performance, relative weights of viscera, serum biological parameters, antioxidant status, immune response, and bone composition of broilers exposed to a high ambient temperature. A total of 352 one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly divided into four groups consisting of four replicates with 22 birds each. One group was reared under the thermoneutral zone and fed a corn-soybean meal basal diet. The other three groups were subjected to a cyclic heat stress from 29 to 42 days of age (34 ± 1 °C, 55 % RH, 5 h/day). These birds were fed corn-soybean meal basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 3 % DTP (420 mg lycopene/kg diet) or 5 % (708 mg lycopene/kg diet) of DTP. Blood samples were collected on days 28 and 42, and the birds were slaughtered at the same times. Supplementation of 5 % of DTP increased body weight and production index and decreased feed conversion ratio during 1-28 days of age. On day 28, the broilers supplemented with 5 % DTP had lower serum triglycerides and higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration than those on the other dietary treatments. The activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher and the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower in the broilers fed 5 % TP than those of the broilers fed other diets at 28 days of age. The effects of heat stress (HS) were impaired body weight, enhanced serum activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lipase, and MDA concentration while reducing the activities of GPx and SOD. Dried tomato pomace supplementation did not influence growth performance under HS but ameliorated the negative effects of HS on the serum enzyme activities, GPx activity, and lipid peroxidation. Heat stress did not change the relative weights of the lymphoid organs but reduced the total and IgG titers for secondary antibody response to sheep red blood cells and titer against Newcastle disease virus and increased the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. The supplementation with 5 % of DTP completely alleviated the negative effects of HS on immune responses. The ash, Ca, and P contents of the tibia bone were decreased under HS. The ash and Ca contents of the tibia were not significantly different between thermoneutral and heat-stressed broilers supplemented with 5 % DTP. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of DTP, particularly 5 % DTP, to broiler diet attenuated the detrimental effects of HS on the activities of serum enzymes, oxidative status, immune response, and bone composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hosseini-Vashan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, PO Box 91775-163, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - A Golian
- The Excellence Center for Animal Sciences and Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, PO Box 91775-1163, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - A Yaghobfar
- Animal Nutrition Department, Animal Research Institute, Karj, Iran
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Yaman F, Acikan I, Dundar S, Simsek S, Gul M, Ozercan IH, Komorowski J, Sahin K. Dietary arginine silicate inositol complex increased bone healing: histologic and histomorphometric study. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:2081-6. [PMID: 27390517 PMCID: PMC4930222 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s109271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI; arginine 49.5%, silicon 8.2%, and inositol 25%) is a novel material that is a bioavailable source of silicon and arginine. ASI offers potential benefits for vascular and bone health. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effects of ASI complex on bone healing of critical-sized defects in rats. Methods The rats were randomly assigned to two groups of 21 rats each. The control group was fed a standard diet for 12 weeks; after the first 8 weeks, a calvarial critical-sized defect was created, and the rats were sacrificed 7, 14, and 28 days later. The ASI group was fed a diet containing 1.81 g/kg of ASI for 12 weeks; after the first 8 weeks, a calvarial critical-sized defect was created, and the rats were sacrificed 7, 14, and 28 days later. The calvarial bones of all the rats were then harvested for evaluation. Results Osteoblasts and osteoclasts were detected at higher levels in the ASI group compared with the control group at days 7, 14, and 28 of the calvarial defect (P<0.05). New bone formation was detected at higher levels in the ASI group compared with the controls at day 28 (P<0.05). However, new bone formation was not detected at days 7 and 14 in both the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion ASI supplementation significantly improved bone tissue healing in rats with critical-sized defects. This study demonstrated that ASI can enhance bone repair and has potential as a therapeutic regimen in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhan Yaman
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Izzet Acikan
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Serkan Dundar
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sercan Simsek
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gul
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
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Fouad A, Chen W, Ruan D, Wang S, Xia W, Zheng C. Impact of Heat Stress on Meat, Egg Quality, Immunity and Fertility in Poultry and Nutritional Factors That Overcome These Effects: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2016.81.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jugdaohsingh R, Watson AIE, Bhattacharya P, van Lenthe GH, Powell JJ. Positive association between serum silicon levels and bone mineral density in female rats following oral silicon supplementation with monomethylsilanetriol. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1405-15. [PMID: 25572052 PMCID: PMC4357649 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-3016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Observational (epidemiological) studies suggest the positive association between dietary silicon intake and bone mineral density may be mediated by circulating estradiol level. Here, we report the results of a silicon supplementation study in rats that strongly support these observations and suggest an interaction between silicon and estradiol. INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies report strong positive associations between dietary silicon (Si) intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women and indicate that the association may be mediated by estradiol. We have tested this possibility in a mixed-gender rodent intervention study. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from three groups of 20-week-old Sprague Dawley rats (five males and five females per group) that had been supplemented ad libitum for 90 days in their drinking water with (i) <0.1 mg Si/L (vehicle control), (ii) 115 mg Si/L (moderate dose) or (iii) 575 mg Si/L (high dose). All rats received conventional laboratory feed, whilst supplemental Si was in the form of monomethylsilanetriol, increasing dietary Si intakes by 18 and 99 %, for the moderate- and high-dose groups, respectively. RESULTS Fasting serum and tissue Si concentrations were increased with Si supplementation (p < 0.05), regardless of gender. However, only for female rats was there (i) a trend for a dose-responsive increase in serum osteocalcin concentration with Si intervention and (ii) strong significant associations between serum Si concentrations and measures of bone quality (p < 0.01). Correlations were weaker or insignificant for tibia Si levels and absent for other serum or tibia elemental concentrations and bone quality measures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the epidemiological observations that dietary Si positively impacts BMD in younger females, and this may be due to a Si-estradiol interaction. Moreover, these data suggest that the Si effect is mediated systemically, rather than through its incorporation into bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jugdaohsingh
- Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, MRC Human Nutrition Research, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL, UK,
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Luo J, King S, Adams MC. Effect of probiotic Propionibacterium jensenii 702 supplementation on layer chicken performance. Benef Microbes 2011; 1:53-60. [PMID: 21831750 DOI: 10.3920/bm2009.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the probiotic, Propionibacterium jensenii 702 (PJ 702), supplementation on egg productivity, egg shell thickness, fatty acid profile of eggs, and body weight in early layer hens were investigated. Twenty eight twenty-week-old starter pullets were evenly divided into a treatment and a control group for an eight week experiment. Each bird in the treatment group received 107 cfu PJ 702 daily in a total volume of 1 ml by oral administration. No adverse effect was observed due to administration of PJ 702, and successful gastrointestinal transit in the bird was demonstrated by recovery of PJ 702 from faeces of the treatment group. Layer production was significantly improved by the supplementation of PJ 702. Total egg weight in the treatment group was significantly higher than the control (P<0.001). Average egg weight for the treatment group was 55.26 g, 4.2% higher than the control which averaged 53.02 g. Moreover, the fatty acid profile was significantly altered by the supplementation of PJ 702. Myristic acid (P<0.001), palmitoleic acid (P=0.001) and all-cis-11,14-eicosadienoic acid (P=0.02) were significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the control group. No difference in egg shell thickness was observed between the treatment and control group (P=0.23). In conclusion, the application of novel probiotic PJ 702 in the early layer hen is safe and effective to promote production and the quality of products in layer husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Luo
- Faculty of Science and IT, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
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Jugdaohsingh R, Calomme MR, Robinson K, Nielsen F, Anderson SHC, D'Haese P, Geusens P, Loveridge N, Thompson RPH, Powell JJ. Increased longitudinal growth in rats on a silicon-depleted diet. Bone 2008; 43:596-606. [PMID: 18550464 PMCID: PMC2832730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2008.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Silicon-deficiency studies in growing animals in the early 1970s reported stunted growth and profound defects in bone and other connective tissues. However, more recent attempts to replicate these findings have found mild alterations in bone metabolism without any adverse health effects. Thus the biological role of silicon remains unknown. Using a specifically formulated silicon-depleted diet and modern methods for silicon analysis and assessment of skeletal development, we undertook, through international collaboration between silicon researchers, an extensive study of long-term silicon depletion on skeletal development in an animal. 21-day old female Sprague-Dawley rats (n=20) were fed a silicon-depleted diet (3.2 microg Si/g feed) for 26 weeks and their growth and skeletal development were compared with identical rats (n=10) on the same diet but with silicon added as Si(OH)(4) to their drinking water (53.2 microg Si/g water); total silicon intakes were 24 times different. A third group of rats, receiving a standard rodent stock feed (322 microg Si/g feed) and tap water (5 microg Si/g water), served as a reference group for optimal growth. A series of anthropometric and bone quality measures were undertaken during and following the study. Fasting serum silicon concentrations and especially urinary silicon excretion were significantly lower in the silicon-deprived group compared to the supplemented group (P=0.03 and 0.004, respectively). Tibia and soft-tissue silicon contents did not differ between the two groups, but tibia silicon levels were significantly lower compared to the reference group (P<0.0001). Outward adverse health effects were not observed in the silicon-deprived group. However, body lengths from week 18 onwards (P<0.05) and bone lengths at necropsy (P=0.002) were longer in this group. Moreover, these measures correlated inversely with serum silicon concentrations (P=0.02). A reduction in bone growth plate thickness and an apparent increase in chondrocyte density were also observed in the silicon-deprived animals. No other differences were observed between the two groups, except for tibia phosphorus concentrations, which were lower in the silicon-deprived animals (P=0.0003). Thus in this study we were unable to reproduce the profound deficiency state reported in rats and chicks in the early 1970s. Indeed, although silicon intake and circulating fasting serum levels differed between the silicon-deprived and silicon-supplemented animals, tibia and soft-tissue levels did not and may explain the lack of difference in bone quality and bone markers (except serum CTx) between these two groups. Markedly higher tibia silicon levels in the reference group and nutritional differences between the formulated low-Si and reference diets suggest that one or more co-factors may be absent from the low-Si diet that affect silicon incorporation into bone. However, evidence for urinary silicon conservation (to maintain tissue levels), changes in bone/body lengths, bone calcium:phosphorus ratio and differences at the growth plate with silicon deprivation are all novel and deserve further study. These results suggest that rats actively maintain body silicon levels via urinary conservation, but the low circulating serum silicon levels during silicon deficiency result in inhibition of growth plate closure and increased longitudinal growth. Silicon-responsive genes and Si transporters are being investigated in the kidneys of these rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravin Jugdaohsingh
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK.
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Sahin N, Onderci M, Balci TA, Cikim G, Sahin K, Kucuk O. The effect of soy isoflavones on egg quality and bone mineralisation during the late laying period of quail. Br Poult Sci 2007; 48:363-9. [PMID: 17578700 DOI: 10.1080/00071660701341971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. Soy isoflavones play a role in calcium and bone metabolism. Poor egg quality, skeletal abnormalities and architectural deterioration of bone tissue are common problems under hot climate conditions and with increased age in poultry. 2. In this study, we investigated the effects of soy isoflavone supplementation on egg production, egg quality, bone mineral density (BMD), levels of osteocalcin (OC), vitamin D, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during the late laying period. 3. The birds (n = 180; 28 weeks old) were randomly assigned to 6 treatment groups consisting of 6 replicates of 5 birds each in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (temperatures, soy isoflavone concentration). Birds were kept in wire cages in a temperature-controlled room at either 22 degrees C (thermo-neutral, TN) or 34 degrees C (heat stress, HS) for 8 h/d (09:00 to 17:00 h; until the end of the study) and fed either on a basal (control) diet or on the basal diet supplemented with either 400 or 800 mg of soy isoflavones/kg of diet. 4. Heat exposure reduced feed intake, egg production, egg quality, BMD, OC, vitamin D, Ca, P and ALP when the basal diet was given. Feed intake, egg production and egg weight were not affected, while eggshell thickness and eggshell weight increased in soy isoflavone-supplemented quails reared under TN conditions. However, feed intake, egg production, egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell weight and Haugh units were positively influenced by soy isoflavone supplementation in HS groups for quail during the late laying period. Bone mineral density, serum OC, vitamin D, Ca, P levels and ALP activity were significantly improved by soy isoflavone supplementation in both the TN and HS groups in quail during the late laying period. 5. Soy isoflavone supplementation of basal diet significantly improved egg quality and bone mineralisation in quail during the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sahin
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Nutrition, Elazig, Turkey.
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