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Maina AN, Thanabalan A, Gasarabwe J, Mohammadigheisar M, Schulze H, Kiarie EG. Enzymatically treated yeast bolstered growth performance of broiler chicks from young broiler breeders linked to improved indices of intestinal function, integrity, and immunity. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102175. [PMID: 36228526 PMCID: PMC9573925 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Older breeder chicks (OBC) are heavier and robust at hatch than younger breeder chicks (YBC). However, the implications of broiler breeder age on chick intestinal function and the role of functional feedstuffs are unexplored. We evaluated the effects of broiler breeder age and the impact of feeding YBC enzymatically treated yeast on growth, nutrient utilization, and indices of intestinal function. Fertile Ross 708 eggs: 2,250 (56.5 ± 3.4g) from 30-wk-old (YBC) and 550 (64.2 ± 4.2 g) from 47-wk-old (OBC) were hatched and placed in 48 pens (44 chicks/pen) containing equal males and females for growth and intestinal function evaluation and 36 cages (5 chicks/cage) for metabolizable energy (AME). Five corn and soybean meal-based diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.40% HY40 for a 3-phase feeding program (starter: days 0–10, grower: days 11–24, and finisher; days 25–42). Grower phase diets also contained a 0.3% TiO2 indigestible marker. The diets were allocated within YBC in a completely randomized block design (n = 8 for pens; n = 6 for cages). The OBC were fed a 0% yeast diet. Feed and water were provided freely; BW and feed intake were monitored, and excreta samples were collected on days 17 to 21 for apparent retention (AR). Birds were necropsied for plasma, jejunal tissues, organs weight, and ceca digesta. The OBC were heavier (P < 0.01) than YBC at hatch. Final BW of OBC and YBC fed, ≥0.10% yeast, was similar (P > 0.05). The OBC had similar FCR (P > 0.05) to YBC fed 0 to 0.10% yeast but higher (P = 0.003) than for YBC fed ≥0.20% yeast. Jejunal villi height to crypt depth ratio (VCR) and IgA were higher in OBC than 0% yeast (P = 0.01). Yeast increased VCR, bursa weight, jejunal, and plasma IgA (P = 0.01). The YBC fed ≥0.10% yeast had higher (P < 0.05) AR of crude protein, and gross energy than OBC and YBC fed 0 or 0.05% yeast. In conclusion, yeast improved YBC performance to the level of OBC linked to improved intestinal function, integrity, and immunity.
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Thanapal P, Hong IK, Kim IH. Influence of Low and High-density Diets with Yeast Supplementation on Feed Intake, Nutrient Digestibility, Egg Production and Egg Quality in Hy-line Brown Laying Hens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - IH Kim
- Dankook University, Korea
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Hussein SM, M’Sadeq SA, Beski SSM, Mahmood AL, Frankel TL. Different combinations of peppermint, chamomile and a yeast prebiotic have different impacts on production and severity of intestinal and bursal abnormalities of broilers challenged with coccidiosis. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1983479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherzad Mustafa Hussein
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Shawkat Abdulrazaq M’Sadeq
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Sleman Said Mohammed Beski
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
| | - Avraz Luqman Mahmood
- Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
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Effects of yeast cell wall on the growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and microbial community of weaned calves. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Rezaei M, Wall H, Tarshan M, Ivarsson E. Evaluation of broiler chickens' digestibility of Neurospora intermedia biomass. Poult Sci 2019; 98:5017-5022. [PMID: 30980081 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 70 broiler chickens were used to evaluate the apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AIDC) of protein and amino acids, and apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of energy in the protein rich Fungal Biomass of Neurospora intermedia (FBN) obtained from bioethanol production. The chickens were housed in 10 pens with seven chickens per pen and fed one of two experimental diets between day 28 and 35 of age. The experimental diets were wheat-soybean meal-based control diet and a diet composed of 70% control diet and 30% of FBN. There were no difference (P > 0.05) between the control and FBN diet on chick feed intake and body weight at day 35. However, the AIDCs of crude protein and amino acids were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in control diet than in the FBN diet except for proline and phenylalanine. The AIDC of CP (0.74), cysteine (0.68), methionine (0.70), AME (15.6), and threonine (0.69) in FBN were comparable to the corresponding values in other protein-rich feedstuffs such as soybean meal and fish meal. The results from this study show that FBN may be an alternative protein source for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rezaei
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7024, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Wall
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7024, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Tarshan
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7024, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Ivarsson
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), PO Box 7024, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Ahiwe EU, Abdallh ME, Chang'a EP, Omede AA, Al-Qahtani M, Gausi H, Graham H, Iji PA. Influence of dietary supplementation of autolyzed whole yeast and yeast cell wall products on broiler chickens. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019; 33:579-587. [PMID: 31480191 PMCID: PMC7054603 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study evaluated the effect of yeast products on growth performance, visceral organ weights, endogenous enzyme activities, ileal nutrient digestibility and meat yield of broiler chickens fed diets containing autolyzed whole yeast (WY) and yeast cell walls (YCW) at varying levels of inclusion. Methods Nine dietary treatments consisting of WY or YCW included at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 g/kg diet and a control diet without yeast supplementation was used in the experiment. Each of the nine treatments was replicated six times with nine birds per replicate. Birds were housed in cages, in climate-controlled rooms and fed starter, grower and finisher diets. Results There was an improvement (p<0.05) in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio on d 10, 24, and 35 for birds fed 1.0 to 2.0 g/kg WY or YCW diet. Small intestine weight was heavier on d 10 and 24 for birds on higher levels of WY and YCW compared to the control group. On d 10 and 24, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in tissue protein content and pancreatic enzyme activities (trypsin and chymotrypsin) of birds on 1.5 to 2.0 g/kg WY and YCW diets compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, birds on WY (2.0 g/kg diet) and YCW (at 1.5 and 2.0 g/kg diet) had better (p<0.05) protein digestibility on d 24. On d 35, there was significant improvement (p<0.05) in percentage of carcass, absolute and relative breast weight for broiler chickens fed WY and YCW mostly at 2 g/kg diet compared to birds on the control diet. Conclusion Supplementation of diets with autolyzed WY and YCW products especially at 1.5 to 2.0 g/kg diet improved broiler chicken performance and meat yield through their positive effects on ileal protein digestibility and pancreatic enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Uchenna Ahiwe
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW, 2351 Australia.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, PMB 1526, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - Medani Eldow Abdallh
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW, 2351 Australia.,Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 13314, Sudan
| | - Edwin Peter Chang'a
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW, 2351 Australia.,Tanzania Livestock Research Institute (TALIRI), P. O. Box 352, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Apeh Akwu Omede
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW, 2351 Australia.,Department of Animal Production, Kogi State University, Anyigba, PMB 1008, Kogi State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW, 2351 Australia
| | - Harriet Gausi
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW, 2351 Australia
| | | | - Paul Ade Iji
- School of Environmental and Rural Sciences, University of New England, Armidale NSW, 2351 Australia.,College of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Fiji National University, P.O. Box 1544, Nausori, Fiji
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Abdaljaleel R, Alsadwi A, Leyva-Jimenez H, Al-Ajeeli M, Al-Jumaa Y, Bailey C. Evaluating the effect of yeast cell wall supplementation on ideal threonine to lysine ratios in broilers as measured by performance, intestinal mucin secretion, morphology, and goblet cell number. J APPL POULTRY RES 2019. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Molnár A, Dublecz F, Pál L, Wágner L, Hess C, Hess M, Husvéth F, Dublecz K. Soluble nondigestible carbohydrates improve intestinal function and increase caecal coliform load in broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1615-1624. [PMID: 30221417 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in various soluble nondigestible carbohydrates (sNDCs) were evaluated on different intestinal characteristics (histological, physico-chemical and microbiological) of chickens and compared with a maize-based diet as a control. A total of 160 Ross 308 male chickens were kept in deep litter pens (n = 40) and fed their appropriate diets from Day 1 to Day 35 of life. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets, differing in their sNDC content, were composed; control (containing maize as the only cereal), maize-wheat-based (M + W) and maize-based supplemented with either 20 g/kg inulin (M + I) or 30 g/kg lactose (M + L). All of the diets tested decreased ileal crypt depth, ileal muscle layer thickness and increased caecal coliform counts relative to the control group. Villus-crypt ratio increased only in the M + L group. Ileal digesta of chickens fed the M + W diet had the highest ileal viscosity and the highest caecal butyrate, valerate and total short-chain fatty acid concentrations while the lowest pH was observed in caecal contents of chickens fed the M + I diet. The diet had no effect on ileal or caecal goblet cell and intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers. Lactobacillus counts in the caecal content remained unchanged. According to the present study, various sNDC sources may have beneficial gut health effects, however, some of the intestinal variables are dependent on the type of sNDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andor Molnár
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Fanni Dublecz
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary.,UBM Feed Kft, Pilisvörösvár, Hungary
| | - László Pál
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - László Wágner
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ferenc Husvéth
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
| | - Károly Dublecz
- Department of Animal Science, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, Hungary
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Li Z, Wang W, Lv Z, Liu D, Guo Y. Bacillus subtilis and yeast cell wall improve the intestinal health of broilers challenged by Clostridium perfringens. Br Poult Sci 2017; 58:635-643. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1370697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - W. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Z. Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - D. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Y. Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Effect of the Addition of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Yeast Cell Walls to Diets with Mycotoxins on the Performance and Immune Responses of Broilers. J Poult Sci 2017; 55:38-46. [PMID: 32055154 PMCID: PMC6756374 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cell walls (YCWs) in diets with low doses of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), alone or in combination, on broiler performance and immune response. A total of 210 male broilers aged 1-21 days were used. Broilers were completely randomized into seven treatments with five replicates of six broilers each, as follows: 1) control diet; 2) control + 350 µg/kg AFB1; 3) Control + 350 µg/kg OTA; 4) Control + 350 µg/kg AFB1 and 350 µg/kg OTA; 5) Control + 350 µg/kg AFB1 and 1.5 kg/ton YCW; 6) control + 350 µg/kg OTA and 1.5 kg/ton YCW; 7) control + 350 µg/kg AFB1, 350 µg/kg OTA, and 1.5 kg/ton YCW. The broilers were housed under environmentally controlled conditions in Petersime battery cages. Weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion index were measured. The relative weights of the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricius (BF) were evaluated. The local immune response was assessed by quantifying the level of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA). The cellular immune response was evaluated using a delayed hypersensitivity test. Hemograms and blood cell counts were also performed. The results showed that mycotoxins decreased performance and reduced the immune response (p<0.05) of broilers. Weight gain and feed conversion improved in the groups receiving YCWs. The YCWs increased (p<0.05) intestinal IgAs and the cellular immune response (p<0.05). The addition of YCWs also affected the relative weight of the thymus, spleen, and BF (p<0.05), and the leukocyte, lymphocyte, and heterophil counts (p<0.05). The addition of YCWs can be an alternative to counterage the negative effect of low doses of AFB1 and OTA in broilers diets.
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Li X, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Yang W, Wen C, Zhou Y. Effect of yeast cell wall powder with different particle sizes on the growth performance, serum metabolites, immunity and oxidative status of broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yeast with surface displayed xylanase as a new dual purpose delivery vehicle of xylanase and yeast. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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M'Sadeq SA, Wu SB, Choct M, Forder R, Swick RA. Use of yeast cell wall extract as a tool to reduce the impact of necrotic enteritis in broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:898-905. [PMID: 25762162 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of a yeast cell wall extract derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Actigen(®)) has been proposed as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics. This experiment was conducted to investigate the efficacy of yeast cell extract as an alternative to zinc bacitracin or salinomycin using a necrotic enteritis challenge model. A feeding study was conducted using 480-day-old male Ross 308 chicks assigned to 48 floor pens. A 2 × 4 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed. The factors were: challenge (- or +) and feed additive (control, zinc bacitracin at 100/50 mg/kg, yeast cell wall extract at 400/800/200 mg/kg, or salinomycin at 60 mg/kg in starter, grower, and finisher, respectively). Diets based on wheat, sorghum, soybean meal, meat and bone meal, and canola meal were formulated according to the Ross 308 nutrient specifications. Birds were challenged using a previously established protocol (attenuated Eimeria spp oocysts) on d 9 and 10(8) to 10(9) Clostridium perfringens (type A strain EHE-NE18) on d 14 and 15). Challenged and unchallenged birds were partitioned to avoid cross contamination. Challenged birds had lower weight gain, feed intake and livability compared to unchallenged birds on d 24 and d 35 (P < 0.05). Birds given zinc bacitracin, yeast cell wall extract, or salinomycin had improved weight gain and livability when compared to control birds given no additives. Challenge × additive interactions were observed for feed intake and weight gain on d 24 and d 35 (P < 0.01). The additives all had a greater positive impact on feed intake, weight gain, and livability in challenged than unchallenged birds. All challenged birds showed higher necrotic enteritis lesion scores in the small intestine sections when compared to unchallenged birds (P < 0.01). Birds fed yeast cell wall extract exhibited increased villus height, decreased crypt depth, and increased villus:crypt ratio when challenged. Yeast cell wall extract, zinc bacitracin, and salinomycin were effective in preventing performance decline from necrotic enteritis in the current study. This study indicates that yeast cell wall extract has promise as a tool for controlling necrotic enteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawkat A M'Sadeq
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Mingan Choct
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Forder
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Robert A Swick
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Cai L, Park Y, Seong S, Yoo S, Kim I. Effects of rare earth elements-enriched yeast on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, relative organ weight, and excreta microflora in broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Aluwong T, Kawu M, Raji M, Dzenda T, Govwang F, Sinkalu V, Ayo J. Effect of Yeast Probiotic on Growth, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Malondialdehyde Concentration of Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2013; 2:326-39. [PMID: 26784468 PMCID: PMC4665519 DOI: 10.3390/antiox2040326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of yeast probiotic on body weight, and the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration of broiler chickens. The experiment was carried out on hybrid Hubbard broiler chickens (n = 200). Two-hundred day-old chicks were randomly selected and distributed into four groups of 50 day-old chicks each: Control, C, and treatment groups comprising T₁, T₂ and T₃ administered with 0.25 mL, 0.5 mL and 1.0 mL yeast probiotic, respectively. Chicks were fed a commercial starter diet for the first 28 days of age, followed by pelleted finisher diet from 29 to 42 days. Chickens in T₁ had a significantly (p < 0.01) higher body weight at 4th week of age when compared with the control. SOD activity in all treatment groups was not significantly (p > 0.05) different when compared with the control. GPx activity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher in T₁, when compared with the control. GPx activity in T₂ was higher (p < 0.01) when compared with the control. There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in MDA level in all the treatment groups. In conclusion, administering yeast probiotic supplement increased body weight and enhanced serum anti-oxidant enzyme activities of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tagang Aluwong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810006, Nigeria.
| | - Mohammed Kawu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810006, Nigeria.
| | - Moshood Raji
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810006, Nigeria.
| | - Tavershima Dzenda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810006, Nigeria.
| | - Felix Govwang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810006, Nigeria.
| | - Victor Sinkalu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810006, Nigeria.
| | - Joseph Ayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810006, Nigeria.
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A natural carbohydrate fraction Actigen™ fromSaccharomyces cerevisiaecell wall: effects on goblet cells, gut morphology and performance of broiler chickens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2013. [DOI: 10.1017/jan.2013.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SummaryA study was conducted to evaluate a natural carbohydrate fraction Actigen™ (NCF), derived from mannanoligosaccharide, in feed on growth performance, intestinal morphology and goblet cell number and area of male broilers'. Dietary treatments included: 1) control diet (antibiotic and NCF free), 2) NCF at 200 g/t, 3) NCF at 400 g/t, and 4) NCF 800 g/t. Two hundred and forty birds were placed into 12 replicate pens per treatment (5 birds/pen), sixty birds per treatment. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly up to day 42. At this time a 2.5cm section of jejunum and duodenum were excised post mortem for morphological analysis. Birds fed 200 g/t and 800 g/t NCF were significantly (P < 0.01) heavier from day 14 onwards than the control birds. Feed intake was significantly higher in birds fed 200 g/t NCF compared to those fed the control at 21 and 35 days (P < 0.05). Diets containing 200 g/t and 800 g/t of NCF significantly decreased broiler feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared to the control in the first phase (1–14 days) (P < 0.01) and levels of NCF decreased FCR (P < 0.05) in the second phase (15–28 days). NCF had no significant effect on villus height, villus width, crypt depth or villus to crypt ratio in either duodenum or jejunum. NCF did not significantly affect goblet cell area or goblet cell number in the duodenum, however, in the jejunum, 800 g/t NCF significantly (P < 0.05) increased goblet cell area over the control. In conclusion, NCF showed a positive effect on broiler performance in the starter and grower phases, and increased goblet cell area in the jejunum, suggesting higher levels of mucin production. This indicated that the performance benefit of NCF could be age-dependent, with younger birds responding more than the older ones. There were no additional benefits to performance when feeding NCF for a longer period (after 28 d of age), however it is postulated that birds fed NCF would have greater defence to pathogenic challenge through increased storage capacity of mucin.
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Kühlwein H, Merrifield DL, Rawling MD, Foey AD, Davies SJ. Effects of dietary β-(1,3)(1,6)-D-glucan supplementation on growth performance, intestinal morphology and haemato-immunological profile of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 98:279-89. [PMID: 23676107 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, aquaculture research has focused on probiotics, prebiotics, and β-glucans, in order to improve health status and growth performance. Information regarding the effects of β-glucan on growth performance and intestinal immunity of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) is scarce. An experiment was therefore conducted to investigate the effects of a yeast β-glucan preparation (MacroGard(®) ) on growth performance, intestinal morphology and haemato-immunological indices of mirror carp. Carp (initial weight 11.1 ± 0.0 g) were fed highly purified diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.1%, 1% or 2% MacroGard(®) for 8 weeks. Fish fed diets containing 1% and 2% MacroGard(®) showed significant improvements in weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio compared to fish fed both the control and the 0.1% MacroGard(®) containing diet. Histological appraisal of the intestine showed a significantly higher infiltration of leucocytes into the epithelial layer of fish fed diets supplemented with 1% and 2% MacroGard(®) in the anterior intestine compared to fish fed the control and 0.1% MacroGard(®) diet. This effect was not observed in the posterior intestine. There were no significant differences in the intestinal absorptive surface area and number of goblet cells in either intestinal region. At the end of the experiment, the haematological status of the fish was examined. Compared to control fed fish, the haematocrit value was significantly elevated in fish fed the 2% MacroGard(®) diet. Furthermore, the blood monocyte fraction was significantly higher in fish fed the 1% and 2% MacroGard(®) diets. No significant changes were observed in the other blood parameters assessed. The present study shows that high dietary β-glucan inclusion increases growth performance without detrimental effects on the health indicators assessed. Increased intraepithelial leucocytes in the anterior intestine may indicate a localized immune response; no detrimental effects on intestinal morphology were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kühlwein
- Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health Research Group, School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, Devon, UK
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Morales-Lopez R, Brufau J. Immune-modulatory effects of dietarySaccharomyces cerevisiaecell wall in broiler chickens inoculated withEscherichia colilipopolysaccharide. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:247-51. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.782386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hatoum R, Labrie S, Fliss I. Antimicrobial and probiotic properties of yeasts: from fundamental to novel applications. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:421. [PMID: 23267352 PMCID: PMC3525881 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The yeasts constitute a large and heterogeneous group of microorganisms that are currently attracting increased attention from scientists and industry. Numerous and diverse biological activities make them promising candidates for a wide range of applications not limited to the food sector. In addition to their major contribution to flavor development in fermented foods, their antagonistic activities toward undesirable bacteria, and fungi are now widely known. These activities are associated with their competitiveness for nutrients, acidification of their growth medium, their tolerance of high concentrations of ethanol, and release of antimicrobial compounds such as antifungal killer toxins or "mycocins" and antibacterial compounds. While the design of foods containing probiotics (microorganisms that confer health benefits) has focused primarily on Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii has long been known effective for treating gastroenteritis. In this review, the antimicrobial activities of yeasts are examined. Mechanisms underlying this antagonistic activity as well as recent applications of these biologically active yeasts in both the medical and veterinary sectors are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Hatoum
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute, STELA Dairy Research Centre, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Steve Labrie
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute, STELA Dairy Research Centre, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
| | - Ismail Fliss
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Institute, STELA Dairy Research Centre, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada
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Effects of yeast cell walls on performance and immune responses of cyclosporine A-treated, immunosuppressed broiler chickens. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:858-66. [DOI: 10.1017/s000711451100362x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell walls (YCW) from the yeast extract industry on performance and immune function of cyclosporine A (CSA)-treated, immunosuppressed broiler chickens. A total of 240 day-old male broilers were allocated randomly into four treatments: (1) non-challenged control; (2) non-challenged control+0·3 % YCW; (3) CSA-challenged group; (4) CSA-challenged+0·3 % YCW. On days 1–4 and 22–25 of age, broilers were subcutaneously injected with CSA or sterile saline. The results showed that supplementation of YCW significantly improved daily weight gain (DWG) during the starter (days 1–21,P < 0·01), finisher (days 22–42,P < 0·01) and overall (days 1–42,P < 0·05) periods compared with the control birds, but had no effect on feed conversion ratio (FCR,P>0·05). Compared with the CSA-treated birds, YCW alleviated the decrease of DWG (P < 0·01) and increase of FCR (P < 0·05) caused by CSA challenge at different periods and cumulatively. On days 21 and 42, YCW mitigated the CSA-induced decrease of peripheral blood lymphocyte blastogenic response (P < 0·01). In addition, YCW improved the relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius (P < 0·01) and thymus (P < 0·01) and up-regulated the splenic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β (P < 0·01) and IL-6 (P < 0·01) on day 42 compared with the CSA-treated birds. These results indicate that YCW supplementation has beneficial effects in attenuating the immunosuppressive effects of CSA challenge, therefore improving growth performance of broiler chickens.
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Fasina YO, Thanissery RR. Comparative efficacy of a yeast product and bacitracin methylene disalicylate in enhancing early growth and intestinal maturation in broiler chicks from breeder hens of different ages. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1067-73. [PMID: 21489956 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine of the newly hatched chick is immature at hatch. Yeast contains nucleotides and β-glucans that enhance intestinal development and chick growth. Accordingly, a 14-d experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a novel yeast product and bacitracin methylene disalicylate in enhancing early growth and intestinal maturation in chicks obtained from young (26-27 wk old) and old (58 to 59 wk old) breeder hens. Chicks (384) were randomly assigned to 8 dietary treatments. Treatment 1 (YH) consisted of chicks, from young hens, fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) diet alone. Treatment 2 (YHB) consisted of chicks, from young hens, fed corn-SBM basal into which BMD was added at 0.055 g/kg. Treatment 3 (YHE) consisted of chicks, from young hens, fed corn-SBM basal into which yeast extract (YE) was added at 0.075% level. Treatment 4 (YHED) consisted of chicks, from young hens, fed corn-SBM basal into which YE was added at 0.15% level. Treatments 5 (OH), 6 (OHB), 7 (OHE), and 8 (OHED) consisted of chicks from old hens fed diets similar to those given to YH in treatments 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Growth performance (body weight gain and feed conversion ratio) was evaluated on d 7 and 14. Intestinal tissue samples were also analyzed for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as an indicator of intestinal maturation on d 4 and 13 of experiment. Results showed that by d 14 of experiment, only BMD treatments (YHB and OHB) improved body weight gain (P < 0.05). However, the body weight gains of chicks in the yeast-supplemented treatments (YHE, YHED, OHE, and OHED) were statistically similar (P > 0.05) to those of the BMD treatments. Ileal ALP activity was consistently enhanced by BMD and yeast product supplemented at 0.075% of the diet. It was concluded that antibiotic BMD and our novel yeast product supplemented at 0.075% of the diet improved early chick growth and maturation of the ileal segment of the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y O Fasina
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5416, USA.
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