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Saeed M, Kamboh AA, Huayou C. Promising future of citrus waste into fermented high-quality bio-feed in the poultry nutrition and safe environment. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103549. [PMID: 38387290 PMCID: PMC10899041 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EO), ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, flavonoids, dietary fiber, polyphenols, and trace minerals are found in citrus residue. It gives animals energy and promotes health. On a dry matter basis, the citrus pulp is composed of 7% crude protein, 14% crude fiber, 21.6% nitrogen detergent fiber, 2.5% fat, 24.4% total sugars, and 12.1% ME MJ/kg. It has been reported that the natural antioxidant content of citrus pulp has a beneficial effect on growth and microbial and immunological parameters. The literature indicates that the ultimate weight and weight gain of poultry are significantly (P > 0.05) greater with 7.5% inclusion. Growing knowledge of the health benefits of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in producing beneficial metabolites has led to interest in developing LAB-containing products for use in biofeed businesses. The consumption of fermented citrus residue significantly decreased blood cholesterol levels. Fermentation results in the production of many compounds (including organic acids, exopolysaccharides, bioactive peptides, phenolic compounds, and gamma-aminobutyric acid), which have many multidimensional functions for maintaining the health and well-being of poultry. During fermentation, the pH may quickly decrease, and harmful bacterial and fungal organisms may be substantially retarded at the early stage of ensiling. The published literature has shown that the fermentation of citrus waste with different probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Limosilactobacillus fermentum, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Pediococcus pentocaseus, and Lacticaseiobacillus paracasei, in the diet has fantastic effects on the conversion of citrus waste into fermented high-quality feed with extended shelf life and sensory value. Citrus waste lactic acid fermentation may be a viable option for producing nutritional biofeed for poultry, but there is a lack of related research on poultry, so more research on food-grade bacterial fermentation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, China
| | - Chen Huayou
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Ogbuewu IP, Mabelebele M, Mbajiorgu CA. Determination of performance response of broilers to fermented tropical leaf meal supplementation using meta-analytical method. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:98. [PMID: 38468016 PMCID: PMC10927861 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Fermented tropical leaf meals (FTLM) are currently added to chicken feed to improve chicken productivity due to their reported nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, the effects of FTLM on broiler productivity and health are less clear. Thus, this meta-analysis was designed to assess the effects of FTLM on the performance outcomes of broilers Eleven controlled studies were retrieved and used to explore the impacts of dietary FTLM supplementation on growth performance [feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), average daily gain (ADG)], blood lipids, slaughter performance (abdominal fat, breast and thigh muscles weight), meat quality [pH, drip loss, shear force, lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*)], and intestinal histomorphology [villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD) and VH/CD values] of broilers. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses of the effects of moderators (i.e., leaf meal type, supplementation level, broiler strains, rearing phase, and fermentation microbes) on the growth performance of broilers were also assessed. Results show that dietary FTLM supplementation increased FI [standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02, 0.20; P < 0.0001], improved ADG (SMD = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.43; P < 0.0001) and FCR (SMD = - 0.21; 95% CI: - 0.30, - 0.11; P < 0.0001) in broilers. In addition, FTLM enhanced slaughter performance, meat quality, and intestinal histomorphology of broilers. Broilers fed 0-5 g/kg feed FTLM had better FI, FCR, and ADG than the controls taking significant heterogeneity into account. Meta-regression revealed that analysed moderators influenced growth performance results and accounted for some of the sources of heterogeneity. It can be concluded that up to 5 g/kg of FTLM can be added to broiler feed to improve growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, slaughter performance, and meat quality without adverse effects on dressing percentage and blood lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Ogbuewu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science, Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa.
| | - M Mabelebele
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science, Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
| | - C A Mbajiorgu
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida Science, Campus, Private Bag X6, Florida, 1710, South Africa
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Gungor E, Altop A, Erener G. Effect of fermented tomato pomace on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13885. [PMID: 38221671 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state fermentation is a useful method for the utilization of the agri-industrial residues. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tomato pomace (TP) and Aspergillus niger-fermented tomato pomace (FTP) on the growth performance, some carcass traits, antioxidant status, and intestinal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 140 Ross 308 one-day-old male chicks were allocated to one of four treatment groups consisting of five replicates of seven chicks each. Chicks were fed ad libitum with the corn-soybean based basal diet (control), the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg synthetic antioxidant, 10 g/kg TP or 10 g/kg FTP for 42 days. Dietary TP increased serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) but did not affect the growth performance. Dietary inclusion of FTP improved the feed conversion ratio and raised serum GPx and SOD. Carcass traits, malondialdehyde level, pH, and color of breast meat and cecal microflora were not affected by dietary treatments. The results of the study showed that TP can be used as a natural antioxidant in broiler diets without a detrimental effect on growth performance. Dietary FTP can be suggested as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants with beneficial effects on growth performance and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Aydin Altop
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Guray Erener
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Zhou X, Zhang H, Li S, Jiang Y, Deng J, Yang C, Chen X, Jiang L. Effects of different levels of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products fermented feed on growth performance, serum biochemical, and intestinal health of cyan-shank partridge birds. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20130. [PMID: 37978234 PMCID: PMC10656579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47303-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the effects of supplements containing fermented feed made from Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus by-products (CSFBP-Fermented feed) on the growth performance, immunological function, and gut health of broilers. 1080 cyan-shank partridge birds aged 47 days were chosen and casually distributed to four groups, each with 6 replicates and 45 birds per replicate. The experimental groups were provided with 1% (group T2), 3% (group T3) and 5% (group T4) of CSFBP-fermented feed in the basic diet, while the control group (group T1) received the basic diet. The findings revealed that supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed reduced ADFI and FCR and improved ADG in birds (P < 0.05). MDA levels in the serum of birds fed CSFBP-fermented feed were lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The CAT activity in the serum of broilers increased after supplementation with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed (P < 0.05). Supplementing broilers with CSFBP-fermented feed enhanced VH in the ileum, jejunum, and duodenum (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased CD in the jejunum (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% and 5% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of ZO-1 and Occludin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced the mRNA expression of IL-6 (P < 0.05). The addition of 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed increased the mRNA expression of Claudin in the jejunum of broiler chickens and reduced IL-1β mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, all experimental groups exhibited decreased mRNA expression of TNF-α and INF-γ in the jejunal mucosa of the birds (P < 0.05). According to research using high-throughput sequencing of microorganisms' 16S rDNA, and an analysis of α-diversity found that supplementing broilers with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed decreased the number of bacteria in their cecum (P < 0.05). Bacteroidota was higher in all groups after supplementation with CSFBP-Fermented feed. At the genus level, after addition with 3% CSFBP-Fermented feed, the abundance of Bacteroide and Prevotellaceae_Ga6A1_group were higher than the control group (33.36% vs 29.95%, 4.35% vs 2.94%). The abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Fusobacterium were lower than the control group (5.52% vs. 7.17%,0.38% vs. 1.33%). In summary, supplementing the diet with CSFBP-Fermented feed can promote the growth of performance by enhancing intestinal morphology, and barrier function, as well as modulating intestinal inflammatory factors and microbial composition in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Zhou
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaidan Zhang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Jicheng Deng
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanpeng Yang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianxin Chen
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, 614001, Sichuan, China.
| | - Li Jiang
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, China.
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Xu F, Wu H, Xie J, Zeng T, Hao L, Xu W, Lu L. The Effects of Fermented Feed on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Activity, Immune Function, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activity, Morphology, and Microflora of Yellow-Feather Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3545. [PMID: 38003161 PMCID: PMC10668758 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented feed on growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune function, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, morphology, and microflora of yellow-feather chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old female yellow-feathered (Hexi dwarf) chickens were randomly divided into two treatment groups, with six replicates per group and 20 chickens per replicate. The control group (CK) received a basal diet, whereas the experimental group was fed a basal diet of +2.00% fermented feed (FJ). The trial lasted for 22 days. Compared with the CK, (1) the growth performance was not affected (p > 0.05); (2) immunoglobin a, immunoglobin g, immunoglobin m, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were affected (p < 0.05); (3) liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were higher (p < 0.05); (4) trypsin activity in the duodenum and cecal Shannon index were increased (p < 0.05); (5) the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota in cecum was increased (p < 0.05); (6) the abundance of dominant microflora of Bacteroides as well as Clostridia UCG-014_norank were increased (p < 0.05). In summary, the fermented feed improved the growth performance, antioxidant activity, immune function, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, morphology, and microflora of yellow-feather chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Junan Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Linyi 276600, China
| | - Hongzhi Wu
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Tropical Crop Genetic Resource Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Lijian Hao
- Junan Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Linyi 276600, China
| | - Wenwu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310002, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310002, China
- Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou 310002, China
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Zeng Y, Zhou B, Huang L, Liu Y. Iron-rich Candida utilis improves intestinal health in weanling piglets. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad135. [PMID: 37401152 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of substituting inorganic iron in the diet of weanling piglets with iron-rich Candida utilis on gut morphology, immunity, barrier, and microbiota. METHODS AND RESULTS Seventy-two healthy 28-day-old Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire desexed male weanling piglets were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 6), with 6 pens per group and 6 piglets in each pen. The control group was fed a basal diet containing ferrous sulfate (104 mg kg-1 iron), while the experimental group was fed a basal diet supplemented with iron-rich C. utilis (104 mg kg-1 iron). The results show that the growth performance of weanling piglets showed no significantly differences (P > 0.05). Iron-rich C. utilis significantly elevated villus height and decreased crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). Additionally, there was a significant increase in SIgA content, a down-regulated of pro-inflammatory factors expression, and an up-regulated of anti-inflammatory factors expression in the jejunum and ileum of piglets fed iron-rich C. utilis (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Occludin, and Mucin2 in the jejunum were significantly increased by iron-rich C. utilis, and were significantly increased ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in the ileum (P < 0.05). The colonic microbiota, however, was not significantly affected by iron-rich C. utilis (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Iron-rich C. utilis improved intestinal morphology and structure, as well as intestinal immunity and intestinal barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
| | - Bingyu Zhou
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
| | - LiHong Huang
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
| | - YuBo Liu
- Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China
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Stewart J, Pavic A. Advances in enteropathogen control throughout the meat chicken production chain. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2346-2407. [PMID: 37038302 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathogens, namely Salmonella and Campylobacter, are a concern in global public health and have been attributed in numerous risk assessments to a poultry source. During the last decade, a large body of research addressing this problem has been published. The literature reviewed contains review articles on certain aspects of poultry production chain; however, in the past decade there has not been a review on the entire chain-farm to fork-of poultry production. For this review, a pool of 514 articles were selected for relevance via a systematic screening process (from >7500 original search articles). These studies identified a diversity of management and intervention strategies for the elimination or reduction of enteropathogens in poultry production. Many studies were laboratory or limited field trials with implementation in true commercial operations being problematic. Entities considering using commercial antienteropathogen products and interventions are advised to perform an internal validation and fit-for-purpose trial as Salmonella and Campylobacter serovars and biovars may have regional diversity. Future research should focus on nonchemical application within the processing plant and how a combination of synergisticinterventions through the production chain may contribute to reducing the overall carcass burden of enteropathogens, coupled with increased consumer education on safe handling and cooking of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Stewart
- Birling Laboratories Pty Ltd, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Pavic
- Birling Laboratories Pty Ltd, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia
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Zhou X, Li S, Jiang Y, Deng J, Yang C, Kang L, Zhang H, Chen X. Use of fermented Chinese medicine residues as a feed additive and effects on growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal health of broilers. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1157935. [PMID: 37056232 PMCID: PMC10086232 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1157935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe purpose of this research was to investigate how dietary supplementation with fermented herbal residues (FCMR) affected birds' development capacity, quality of meat, gut barrier, and cecum microbiota.Methods540 cyan-shank partridge birds aged 47 days were chosen and divided into two groups of six replicates each and 45 birds for each replicate. The control group (CON) received a basal diet, while the trial group decreased a basic diet containing 5% FCMR.Results and discussionThe findings revealed that the addition of FCMR decreased FCR and increased ADG in broilers (P < 0.05). Adding FCMR increased steaming loss in broiler chicken breasts (p < 0.05). Supplementation with FCMR significantly enhanced VH/CD and VH in the bird's intestine (jejunum, duodenum, and ileum) (p < 0.05). In addition, the addition of FCMR significantly down-regulated mRNA expression of INF-γ, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and up-regulated mRNA expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin (P < 0.05). Microbial 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing study revealed that supplements with FCMR modified the cecum microbiota, and α-diversity analysis showed that supplementation with FCMR reduced the cecum bacterial abundance in broilers (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Spirochaetota increased considerably following FCMR supplementation (P < 0.05). The broiler cecum's close lot of Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 (P < 0.05), Desulfovibrio, Muribaculaceae, and Fusobacterium (p < 0.05) reduced when FCMR was supplemented. Supplementation with FCMR can promote growth capacity and maintain intestinal health in birds by enhancing gut barrier function and modulating the inflammatory response and microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Zhou
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyi Li
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Jicheng Deng
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanpeng Yang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Kang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaidan Zhang
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Huaidan Zhang
| | - Xianxin Chen
- Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, China
- Xianxin Chen
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Li P, Sun H, Li W, Wu Q, Ye S, Zhu J, Ding Y. Isolation and purification of 12 flavonoid glycosides from Ginkgo biloba extract using sephadex LH-20 and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:73-81. [PMID: 36351234 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2022-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid preparative method for the separation and purification of flavonoid glycosides from the Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) was developed by sephadex LH-20 and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 40 g GBE of 24% flavonoids were loaded onto the sephadex LH-20 column and five fractions (1.15, 2.57, 1.32, 4.45, and 3.31 g) at flavonoid content of 72.3, 54.2, 63.5, 51.2, and 59.2% were produced. Ultimately, 12 flavonoid glycosides that are at least purities of 97.7% were obtained from 100 mg of each fraction by preparative HPLC. The fraction A, B, and D each contained two flavonoids, yielded 35, 30, 23, 20, 25, and 25 mg, respectively. The fraction C and E each contained three flavonoids, produced 20, 13, 15, 18, 15, and 20 mg, respectively. The chemical structures of the purified compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Hao Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China.,Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon, 22212, Korea
| | - Wei Li
- Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, 41062, South Korea
| | - Qi Wu
- China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Shuhong Ye
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Jingbo Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China.,Institute of Chemistry and Applications of Plant Resources, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
| | - Yan Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116034, China
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El-Kasrawy NI, Majrashi KA, El-Naggar K, Elreheim AMA, Essa BH, Mahmoud SF, Ibrahim SA, Raafat M, Abd El-Hack ME, Aboghanima MM. Impacts of supplemental Ginkgo biloba oil on broilers' growth, blood indices, intestinal and hepatic morphology and expression of growth-related genes. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102520. [PMID: 36889042 PMCID: PMC10011824 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The current work examined the impact of Ginkgo biloba oil (GBO) on growth performance, some biochemical parameters, intestinal and hepatic morphology, economic efficiency and expression of some growth-related genes in broiler chickens. A total of 135 chicks (Cobb 500) were allotted into three groups with 3 replications (15 birds/replicate). The experimental groups included: G1 (control), G2 and G3 were supplemented with GBO in the drinking water (0.25 and 0.5 cm/L), respectively. The GBO was added to the drinking water only for 3 successive weeks. Compared to the other groups, supplementation with 0.25 cm/L GBO significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased final body weight, overall weight gain, feed intake and water consumption. When 0.25 cm GBO/L was added, that group significantly differed in intestinal villus length (P ≤ 0.05). Birds received 0.25 cm GBO/L had significantly greater blood total albumin and total protein concentrations (P ≤ 0.05), while birds given 0.5 cm GBO/L had higher serum cholesterol and LDL concentrations (P ≤ 0.05). The cost parameters were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in the 0.25 cm GBO/L supplemented group, which exhibited higher total return and net profit. The addition of 0.25 cm GBO/L resulted in higher expression of antioxidant enzymes and insulin-like growth factor while inhibiting the expression of Myostatin in muscles (P < 0.05) compared to the control and those received 0.5 cm GBO/L. In conclusion, broiler chickens that received 0.25 cm GBO/L for 3 consecutive days per week had better performance, intestinal morphology, profitability, and antioxidant status than the control birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagwa I El-Kasrawy
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Kamlah A Majrashi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karima El-Naggar
- Department of Nutrition and Veterinary Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, 22758, Egypt
| | - Attaa M Abd Elreheim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Bothaina H Essa
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Sahar F Mahmoud
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Safinaz A Ibrahim
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Raafat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M Aboghanima
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Effects of dietary inclusion of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge leaves on growth performance, gastrointestinal development, digestive function and gut microbial flora of rabbits. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Tian Y, Li G, Zhang S, Zeng T, Chen L, Tao Z, Lu L. Dietary supplementation with fermented plant product modulates production performance, egg quality, intestinal mucosal barrier, and cecal microbiota in laying hens. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:955115. [PMID: 36246237 PMCID: PMC9561940 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.955115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented plant product (FPP) is a kind of functional complex containing probiotics and a variety of bioactive substances, which has multiple physiological functions. However, there is no systematic appraisal of FPP as a feed additive for laying hens. This study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of FPP in laying hens. A total of 120 healthy 34-week-old Xianju layers with similar body weight and egg production were randomly allocated into two dietary treatments with four replicates per treatment and 15 birds per replicate for 8 weeks. The dietary treatments included the basal diet without FPP (CON group) and CON diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg of FPP (FPP group). Compared with the CON group, the egg production and egg mass were significantly increased in the FPP group from 38 to 42 and 34 to 42 weeks of age (P < 0.05). Birds fed with the diet containing 500 mg/kg FPP had higher albumen height (P < 0.01) and Haugh unit (P < 0.05) than those of the controls. FPP supplementation significantly increased the villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) in the jejunum of laying hens (P < 0.01), as well as the ratio of VH to CD (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of tight junctions showed that dietary supplementation with FPP significantly increased the expression levels of Occludin (P < 0.01) and ZO-1 (P < 0.05) in jejunum of hens compared to the control group. In addition, dietary supplementation with FPP influenced cecal microbiota of laying hens, which was characterized by the changes in the microbial community composition, including the increased abundances of Firmicutes, Faecalibacterium, Oscillospira, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, and Coprococcus, along with the decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Phascolarctobacterium, Odoribacter, Desulfovibrio, and Mucispirillum. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that bacteria such as Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, and Blautia were significantly and positively correlated with the intestinal barrier markers (P < 0.05), with extremely significant correlations between Ruminococcus and ZO-1, and Coprococcus and Occludin (P < 0.01), whereas Desulfovibrio had a negative correlation with the expression of Occludin (P < 0.05). As it can be concluded, FPP supplementation increased the egg production, egg mass, albumen height, and Haugh unit of laying hens, and improved intestinal health by ameliorating intestinal barrier function, which may be partially attributed to the regulation of cecal microbiota. Our findings suggest that FPP has the potential to be used as a feed additive to promote the performance of layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengrong Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Animal Science & Veterinary, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lizhi Lu
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Effects of Compound Polysaccharides Derived from Astragalus and Glycyrrhiza on Growth Performance, Meat Quality and Antioxidant Function of Broilers Based on Serum Metabolomics and Cecal Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101872. [PMID: 36290595 PMCID: PMC9598874 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of compound polysaccharides derived from Astragalus and Glycyrrhiza on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant function, cecal microbiota and serum metabolomics of broilers. A total of 480 one-day-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly divided into four treatments with six replicates comprising 20 broilers each. Treatments: CON group was the basal diet; ANT group was supplemented with Terramycin calcium; LAG group was supplemented with 150 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharides and 75 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides; HAG group was supplemented with 300 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharides and 150 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides. The results showed that LAG and HAG supplementation increased growth performance, antioxidant function and meat quality compared with the CON group and ANT group and, especially, the effect of LAG treatment was better than HAG. Analysis of cecal microbiota showed that LAG and HAG supplementation altered cecal microbial diversity and composition in broilers. Serum metabolomics analysis showed that a total of 193 differential metabolites were identified in CON and LAG groups, which were mainly enriched in linoleic acid metabolism and glutathione metabolism pathways. Moreover, there was a close correlation between serum metabolites, cecal microbiota and phenotypic indicators. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of 150 mg/kg Astragalus polysaccharides and 75 mg/kg Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides could improve the growth performance, antioxidant function and meat quality of broilers by changing the serum metabolites and cecal microbiota composition.
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Exploring the Potential of Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw. (Resurrection Tree) as a Phytogenic Feed Additive in Animal Nutrition. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151973. [PMID: 35953961 PMCID: PMC9367323 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The unregulated use of in-feed antibiotic growth promoters has received widespread condemnation due to an increase in cases of antibiotic-resistant microbes. This has fueled an ever-growing demand for new sources of natural and safe alternative products with minimal impacts on the environment and human health in animal production. Myrothamnus flabellifolius, as a phytogenic feed additive, fits this description, as it is a natural plant containing high amounts of secondary metabolites necessary for cell function, regulation, and protection for improved animal growth, performance, and health. With some limitations towards its use, several processing and combination strategies are available to unlock nutrients and explore its potential in animal production, as described in this review. Abstract Myrothamnus flabellifolius (Welw.) is used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of depression and mental disorder, asthma, infectious diseases, respiratory, inflammation, epilepsy, heart, wound, backaches, diabetes, kidney ailments, hypertension, hemorrhoids, gingivitis, shingles, stroke, and skins conditions. The effectiveness of M. flabellifolius is due to the presence of several secondary metabolites that have demonstrated efficacy in other cell and animal models. These metabolites are key in cell regulation and function and have potential use in animal production due to antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, for an improvement in growth performance, feed quality and palatability, gut microbial environment, function, and animal health. The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed account on the potential use of M. flabellifolius in animal nutrition. Limitations towards the use of this plant in animal nutrition, including toxicity, economic, and financial issues are discussed. Finally, novel strategies and technologies, e.g., microencapsulation, microbial fermentation, and essential oil extraction, used to unlock and improve nutrient bioaccessibility and bioavailability are clearly discussed towards the potential use of M. flabellifolius as a phytogenic additive in animal diets.
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Gao J, Wang R, Liu J, Wang W, Chen Y, Cai W. Effects of novel microecologics combined with traditional Chinese medicine and probiotics on growth performance and health of broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101412. [PMID: 34920387 PMCID: PMC8683594 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepared a kind of novel microecologics, namely Chinese medicine-probiotic compound microecological preparation (CPCMP), which is composed of 5 traditional Chinese medicine herbs (Galla Chinensis, Andrographis paniculata, Arctii Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, and Schizonepeta tenuifolia) fermented by Aspergillus niger and a kind of compound probiotics (Lactobacillus plantarum A37 and L. plantarum MIII). The effects of the CPCMP in broilers on growth performance, serum parameters, immune function, and intestinal health were investigated. A total of 450 one-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers were randomly divided into 6 treatment groups with 5 replicates, 15 birds per replicate. Treatments consisted of: blank control, CPCMP, positive control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, and probiotics groups, which were birds fed with basal diet supplemented with no extra additives, 0.2% CPCMP, 0.0035% chlortetracycline, 0.2% commercially available CPCMP, 0.2% fermented traditional Chinese medicines, and 0.2% compound probiotics, respectively. CPCMP obviously increased the average body weight and average daily gain (P < 0.05, compared with any other group) and decreased the feed:gain ratio of broilers (P < 0.05, compared with the blank control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, or probiotics group). Moreover, it significantly increased glutathione peroxidase and secretory immunoglobulin A levels and spleen/bursa indices (P < 0.05 for all, compared with the blank control, commercial CPCMP, traditional Chinese medicine, or probiotics group). Villus heights in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum were also elevated by CPCMP treatment (P < 0.05, compared with any other group). Furthermore, CPCMP substantially increased jejunal mRNA levels of occludin and zonula occludens-1 (P < 0.05, compared with the blank control, positive control, or probiotics group) and facilitated the growth and colonization of beneficial cecal bacteria, such as Olsenella, Barnesiella, and Lactobacillus. Overall results show that the CPCMP prepared in our work contributes to improving growth performance, serum parameters, immune function, and intestinal health of broilers and exerts synergistic effects of traditional Chinese medicines and probiotics to some extent. Our findings suggest that CPCMP is a promising antibiotic substitute in the livestock and poultry industry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Gao
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Jingxuan Liu
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Wenling Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China
| | - Wentao Cai
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, China.
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Mogire MK, Choi J, Lu P, Yang C, Liu S, Adewole D, Rodas-Gonzalez A, Yang C. Effects of red-osier dogwood extracts on growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive functions, and meat quality of broiler chickens. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A total of 320 one-day-old Cobb 500 chicks with an initial weight of 48.3 ± 3.3 g·pen−1 were assigned to four dietary treatments with eight replicates provided in three phases for 46 d. The treatments were fed as mash diets and included (1) negative control (NC) corn-soybean basal diet, (2) positive control (PC) basal diet with 30 ppm avilamycin, (3) basal diet supplemented with 1000 ppm red-osier dogwood extracts (RDE1), and (4) basal diet with 3000 ppm red-osier dogwood extracts (RDE2). Results showed reduced jejunal crypt depth in RDE1 and increased villus:crypt ratio in groups (either RDE1 or RDE2) (P < 0.05). Cationic amino acid (AA) transporter mRNA abundance was decreased (P < 0.05) in RDE1, RDE2, and PC treatments, but peptide and neutral AA transporter mRNA abundance were higher (P < 0.05) in RDE2 compared with NC. Apparent ileal digestibility of crude fat was increased in RDE2 and PC compared with NC, whereas AA digestibility was greater in RDE1, RDE2, and PC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, red-osier dogwood had no effect on growth performance, improved the intestinal health and function of broiler chickens, and had no detrimental effects on meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion K. Mogire
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Janghan Choi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Chongwu Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Shangxi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | | | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Effect of raw and fermented grape seed on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. Animal 2021; 15:100194. [PMID: 33640294 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape seed (GS) is a by-product of the fruit juice and wine industry with the potential to be an alternative to synthetic antioxidants due to its antioxidant activity. Agro-industrial residues can be converted to more effective products by solid-state fermentation. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of GS and fermented grape seed (FGS) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. A total of 128 female broilers were randomly allocated into four treatment groups, each consisting of four replicates of eight birds. Throughout the 42-day feeding period, the birds were fed with soybean-corn based diet (CON), 0.15 g/kg synthetic antioxidant (butylated hydroxyanisole) supplemented diet (AO), 5 g/kg GS supplemented diet (GS), and 5 g/kg FGS supplemented diet (FGS). Dietary GS, FGS, and AO supplementation increased the BW (P < 0.05) and average daily weight gain (ADG, P < 0.05) compared with the CON group in the overall period of 42 days. Dietary FGS also increased the ADG (P < 0.05) in the period of 22-42 days compared with the control group. The pH of the breast meat of the chickens fed GS was higher (P < 0.01) than CON and FGS groups. Dietary FGS and AO decreased the b* value (P < 0.01) of breast meat compared with the CON group. Grape seed had the highest serum glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) and catalase (CAT, P < 0.01) levels among the treatment groups. The FGS also increased serum CAT level (P < 0.01) compared with the AO group. Moreover, dietary FGS supplementation increased Lactobacillus spp. (P < 0.05) in the cecum compared with the other treatment groups and decreased Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.05) compared with the CON and AO groups. The present findings indicate that GS and FGS can be used in broiler diets as alternatives to synthetic antioxidants.
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Gungor E, Altop A, Erener G. Effect of Raw and Fermented Grape Pomace on the Growth Performance, Antioxidant Status, Intestinal Morphology, and Selected Bacterial Species in Broiler Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020364. [PMID: 33535655 PMCID: PMC7912799 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of raw (GP) and fermented grape pomace (FGP) on the growth performance, some carcass parameters, antioxidant status, intestinal morphology, and selected bacterial species in broiler chicken were investigated in this study. Grape pomace was fermented with Aspergillus niger for 7 d. In total, 140 one-day-old male chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with five replicates and seven birds each. Chickens were fed either a basal diet (CON) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg synthetic antioxidants (5% butylated hydroxytoluene, 1% butylated hydroxyanisole, and 11% ethoxyquin) (AO), or 15 g/kg GP (GP), or 15 g/kg FGP (FGP) for 42 d. Dietary GP raised serum glutathione peroxidase (p = 0.031) and superoxide dismutase (p = 0.021) levels, increased ileum lamina muscularis thickness (p = 0.016), and did not affect selected bacterial species in the cecum of broiler chickens. Dietary FGP improved body weight (p = 0.003), increased the serum catalase level (p = 0.032), and decreased the cecal Clostridium perfringens count (p = 0.033) but did not affect the ileal morphology of broiler chickens. The carcass parameters, malondialdehyde level, pH, and color of the breast meat of chickens were not changed by either GP or FGP supplementation. Chickens fed with the synthetic antioxidants had similar growth performance with the chickens fed with FGP but had better body weight (p = 0.003) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.045) compared with the chickens fed with GP. The obtained results showed that FGP can be used as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-362-3121919 (ext. 1401); Fax: +90-362-4576034
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Effects of sources and levels of liquor distiller's grains with solubles on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum parameters of Cherry Valley ducks. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6258-6266. [PMID: 33142544 PMCID: PMC7647731 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquor distiller's grains with solubles (LDGS) is high in yield and rich in crude fiber and crude protein, which suggests that LDGS might be developed and used as unconventional feedstuff for ducks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sources and levels of LDGS on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum parameters, and intestinal morphology of Cherry Valley ducks from 15 to 42 D of age. A total of 3,300 15-day-old male ducks were randomly assigned into a 1 plus 2 × 5 factorial design including 2 different sources of LDGS (unfermented LDGS [ULDGS] and fermented LDGS [FLDGS]) at 5 levels (4, 8, 12, 16, and 20%) for 4 wk. Each treatment group included 6 pens with 50 ducks per pen. Levels of dietary LDGS and the interaction between sources and levels of LDGS had no effect on final body weight, average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain, or feed-to-gain ratio (F:G) of ducks from day 15 to 42 (P > 0.05). Compared with dietary ULDGS, dietary FLDGS increased final body weight (P < 0.05) and ADFI (P < 0.05) and decreased the F:G (P = 0.03). The levels of LDGS and interaction effect between levels and sources of LDGS had no effect on carcass characteristics (P > 0.05). Regardless of the inclusion level, ducks fed with diets containing FLDGS had a higher percentage of thigh muscle (P < 0.01) than birds fed with diets containing ULDGS. Sources of dietary LDGS, levels of dietary LDGS, and their interaction had no effect on serum biochemistry parameters (P > 0.05) and intestinal morphology, including villus height, crypt depth, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of LDGS in the diet at levels up to 20% had no negative effect on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum parameters, and intestinal morphology of ducks. Compared with ULDGS, FLDGS increased final body weight, ADFI, and thigh muscle yield and decreased the F:G of ducks. Therefore, LDGS, especially with fermentation, could be developed as an unconventional feedstuff resource for ducks from 15 to 42 D of age.
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Zhang X, Sun Z, Cai J, Wang J, Wang G, Zhu Z, Cao F. Effects of dietary fish meal replacement by fermented moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves on growth performance, nonspecific immunity and disease resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:430-439. [PMID: 32360279 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal by fermented moringa leaves (FMLs) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, antioxidant status, nonspecific immunity, and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III). Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic balanced diets, including three FML diets (substituting 20%, 40%, 60% of the fish meal in basal diet, F20, F40 and F60, respectively) and a basal diet (a diet containing 10% fish meal) were used. Each diet was randomly allocated to four fish groups (F20, F40, F60 and control) reared in a recirculating system. After 50 days of the feeding trial, fish were challenged by A. hydrophila. The result revealed that final mean body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and survival rate (SR) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in F20 and F40 groups compared with the control group. Decreased hepatosomatic index (HSI), body crude lipid, serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and increased serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were observed in F40 and F60 groups compared with the control and F20 groups. All FMLs-supplemented groups increased (P < 0.05) serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and lysozyme activities, complement component 3 (C3) and serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentration, or decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PCC) contents (P < 0.05). After the challenge test, the significant downregulation of toll-like receptors2 (TLR2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 mRNA transcription levels was observed in spleens of FMLs supplemented groups. Dietary F40 and F60 showed higher (P < 0.05) relative percent survival (RPS) (48.72% and 43.59%, respectively) against A. hydrophila infection than control. These results indicate that, as a dietary fish meal substitute, FMLs enhance the growth, and antioxidant and immune response, and regulate the expression of immune-related genes and increase disease resistance against A. hydrophila via TLR2 pathway in gibel carp, with greatest effects of 40% fish meal substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China
| | - Guibin Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, PR China.
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Gungor E, Erener G. Effect of dietary raw and fermented sour cherry kernel (Prunus cerasus L.) on digestibility, intestinal morphology and caecal microflora in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 99:471-478. [PMID: 32416832 PMCID: PMC7587797 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary raw sour cherry kernel (RC) or fermented sour cherry kernel (FC) on apparent digestibility, ileal morphology, and caecal microflora in broiler chickens. Raw sour cherry kernel was fermented by Aspergillus niger for 7 D. A total of 343 one-day-old Ross 308 male chicks were assigned to 7 dietary treatments consisting of 7 replicates of 7 broilers each. All birds were fed with a commercial diet or diets supplemented with 1%, 2%, or 4% RC or FC. The experimental period was 42 D. Apparent dry matter (DM), nitrogen and ash digestibilities were diminished (P < 0.05) by dietary RC inclusion, although dietary FC did not negatively affect (P > 0.05) nutrient digestibility. Dietary 1% FC increased (P < 0.01) the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD) compared with the other treatment groups, although RC4 reduced the villus height (VH, P < 0.001) and VH:CD (P < 0.01), compared with the control group. Dietary treatments had no effect (P > 0.05) on the crypt depth (CD). Birds fed 1% FC had the highest (P < 0.05) caecal Lactobacillus spp. counts among the treatment groups. Enterococcus spp. and Escherichia coli counts in cecum were not affected (P > 0.05) by dietary treatments. The results showed that the dietary inclusion of 1% FC improved ileal morphology and caecal microflora without any adverse effect on the apparent digestibility. These results indicate that FC has the potential to be a feed additive which improves intestinal health for broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Gungor
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200 Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Guray Erener
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayis University, 55200 Samsun, Turkey
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Effects of ethanol extract of elecampane (Inula helenium L.) rhizome on growth performance, diet digestibility, gut health, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Abolfathi ME, Tabeidian SA, Foroozandeh Shahraki AD, Tabatabaei SN, Habibian M. Comparative effects of n-hexane and methanol extracts of elecampane (Inula helenium L.) rhizome on growth performance, carcass traits, feed digestibility, intestinal antioxidant status and ileal microbiota in broiler chickens. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:88-110. [PMID: 30821191 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1581027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of dietary methanol and n-hexane extracts of elecampane rhizome (MEER and HEER, respectively) on growth performance, apparent ileal nutrient digestibility (AID), ileal microbiota, intestinal morphology and antioxidant status of the intestinal mucosa were compared in broiler chickens. In total, 450 1-d-old male chicks were allotted into five groups in six replicates of 15 chicks each. Dietary treatments included: a control, control plus 500 or 1000 mg MEER per kg diet (MEER500 and MEER1000) and control plus 500 or 1000 mg HEER per kg diet (HEER500 and HEER1000). Broiler performance was not affected by dietary treatments during the starter and grower periods. However, in the finisher (25-42 d) and entire (1-42 d) periods, an increase in body weight gain and a corresponding decrease in feed conversion ratio was noticed when birds received Diets MEER1000 or HEER1000. Also, considering the entire trial, the growth-promoting action of MEER was found to be greater than HEER. When compared with the control, AID of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE) were increased by all treatments, while the AID of EE and GE were also improved by increased extract level. Additionally, HEER groups had significantly increased AID of crude protein. The counts of Escherichia coli and Clostridium spp. were suppressed while the number of Lactobacillus spp. increased in response to an elevated extract level. Meanwhile, the ileum of MEER groups contained lower numbers of Clostridium spp. and greater numbers of Lactobacillus spp. when compared with HEER groups. The duodenal and jejunal structures were not associated with dietary treatments. However, a decreased ileal crypt depth and an increased villus to crypt ratio were observed with addition of extracts, which was more intense with MEER. A lower malondialdehyde content and a higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were detected in duodenal and jejunal mucosa with increased extract level, and in jejunum, the antioxidant capability of MEER was found to be stronger than HEER. The antioxidant properties of the ileal mucosa were also improved in response to MEER, which was not observed after HEER inclusion. Overall, MEER seems to be a better choice of treatment owing to its more effective benefits on broiler performance, ileal microbiota, gut morphology and antioxidant ability of the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza-Ebrahim Abolfathi
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch , Islamic Azad University , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Sayed Ali Tabeidian
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch , Islamic Azad University , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Amir Davar Foroozandeh Shahraki
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch , Islamic Azad University , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Sayed Nouredin Tabatabaei
- a Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch , Islamic Azad University , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Mahmood Habibian
- b Young Researchers and Elite Club, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch , Islamic Azad University , Isfahan , Iran
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Effect of different doses of fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves on serum biochemistry, antioxidant capacity hepatic gene expression in broilers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Niu Y, Zhang JF, Wan XL, Huang Q, He JT, Zhang XH, Zhao LG, Zhang LL, Wang T. Effect of fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves on nutrient utilisation, intestinal digestive function and antioxidant capacity in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2018; 60:47-55. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2018.1535166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J. F. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X. L. Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Q. Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J. T. He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X. H. Zhang
- Co-Innovation Centre for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - L. G. Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - L. L. Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - T. Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Hussein E, Selim S. Efficacy of yeast and multi-strain probiotic alone or in combination on growth performance, carcass traits, blood biochemical constituents, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Qiao H, Song Y, Shi H, Bian C. Fermented Astragalus in diet altered the composition of fecal microbiota in broiler chickens. AMB Express 2018; 8:151. [PMID: 30255211 PMCID: PMC6154755 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and function of the intestinal microbiota play important roles in digestion and degradation of herbal medicines (HMs). However, few studies have examined the relationship between the fecal microbiota and HMs. In this study the effect of unfermented Astragalus (UA) and fermented Astragalus (FA) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, and fecal microbiota was evaluated in broiler chickens. In total, 180 one-day-old broiler chickens (Avian breeds) were randomly assigned to a control (C) group fed a basal diet, an unfermented (U) group fed a basal diet containing 0.5% UA, or a fermented (F) group fed a basal diet containing 0.5% FA, for 42 days. The F/G ratio was lower in F and U groups than in C group from 22 to 42 days (P < 0.05). Glutathione superoxide dismutase, antioxidant capacity, and total superoxide dismutase were higher, whereas malondialdehyde was lower in F group than in C and U groups from 1 to 21 days and from 22 to 42 days (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiota were profiled on an Illumina MiSeq platform following PCR amplification of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. At the genus level Lactobacillus was the most abundant genus on day 7 in F group. Importantly, a potentially pathogenic genus, Enterococcus, was less abundant in the U and F groups than in the C group on day 35 (P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary supplementation with 0.5% FA has beneficial effects on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and fecal microbiota of broiler chickens.
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Sifa D, Bai X, Zhang D, Hu H, Wu X, Wen A, He S, Zhao L. Dietary glutamine improves meat quality, skeletal muscle antioxidant capacity and glutamine metabolism in broilers under acute heat stress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1520113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dai Sifa
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Bai
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Hu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuezhuang Wu
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aiyou Wen
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaojun He
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, People’s Republic of China
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Ren XJ, Yang ZB, Ding X, Yang CW. Effects of Ginkgo biloba leaves (Ginkgo biloba) and Ginkgo biloba extract on nutrient and energy utilization of broilers. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1342-1351. [PMID: 29462375 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An experiment using 112 21-day-old male Arbor Acres broilers that were randomly allocated to 7 treatments with 8 replicates in a completely randomized design was conducted to assess the effects of Ginkgo biloba leaves (Ginkgo biloba, GL) and Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) on utilization of nutrients of broiler chickens. The dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal based diets: 1) T1, control diet; 2) T2, T1 + 20 g/kg GL; 3) T3, T1 + 40 g/kg GL; 4) T4, T1 + 60 g/kg GL; 5) T5, T1 + 0.4 g/kg EGB; 6) T6, T1 + 0.8 g/kg EGB; and 7) T7, T1 + 1.2 g/kg EGB. Endogenous losses were obtained from another 16 broilers. Excreta samples were collected to analyze the dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), and amino acids (AA), and GE was analyzed for computation of AME and TME. As compared with those of the control treatment, the apparent digestibility (AD) and true digestibility (TD) of EE, CP, Thr, Val, Ile, Leu, Phe, Lys, His, and Arg were quadratically (P < 0.05) increased; moreover, the AD and TD of Met was linearly (P < 0.05) increased as the concentration of the EGB in the diet increased. Increasing GL from 0 to 60 g/kg of diet linearly (P < 0.05) increased the AD and TD of EE, Thr, Val, Leu, His, and Met and tended (0.05 < P < 0.1) to increase the TME, TMEn, and Arg. Supplementation of EGB increased (P < 0.05) AD and TD of EE, Thr, Val, Ile, Leu, Phe, His, and Arg and tended (0.05 < P < 0.1) to increase Lys as compared with those in the GL-supplemented groups. Dietary supplementation of GL and EGB improved the utilization of nutrients of broiler chickens in a dose-dependent manner, and the optimum supplementation levels of GL or EGB in the diet of broilers was 60 or 0.8 g/kg of diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Ren
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China, 271018
| | - Z B Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China, 271018
| | - X Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China, 271018
| | - C W Yang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China, 271018
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Qiao H, Zhang L, Shi H, Song Y, Bian C. Astragalus affects fecal microbial composition of young hens as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. AMB Express 2018; 8:70. [PMID: 29713833 PMCID: PMC5928015 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0600-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota play important roles in the degradation of chemical compounds of herbal medicines (HMs). However, little information regarding the interplay between HMs and the gut microbiota is available. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the composition of the fecal microbiota of young (age, 11 weeks) hens fed a conventional diet containing a crude Astragalus (0.5%) additive for 21 days (group A) vs. controls (group B) that were fed only conventional feed. The fecal contents of 14-week-old hens were collected for DNA extraction, and then the V3 and V4 hyper-variable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. A distinctive difference in microbial diversity was observed between the two groups. The microbial composition of hens fed a diet supplemented with Astragalus was greater than that of the control group. At the genus level, Lactobacillus was more abundant in group A than group B (p < 0.05). Importantly, this study is the first to report the observation of a novel Romboutsia sp. in the feces of hens. However, Romboutsia was less abundant in group A than group B (17.94 vs. 33.98%, respectively, p < 0.05). The microbial community differed significantly between the two groups at the genus level, suggesting that Astragalus modulates the composition of the fecal microbiota. Based on these differences, these findings provide fresh insights into the application of Astragalus in the poultry industry, as well as a better understanding of the interplay between HMs and the gut microbiota.
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Tan L, Rong D, Yang Y, Zhang B. Effect of Oxidized Soybean Oils on Oxidative Status and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Tan
- China Agricultural University, China; Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - D Rong
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Y Yang
- China Agricultural University, China
| | - B Zhang
- China Agricultural University, China
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Mahfuz S, Song H, Liu Z, Liu X, Diao Z, Ren G, Guo Z, Cui Y. Effect of golden needle mushroom ( Flammulina velutipes) stem waste on laying performance, calcium utilization, immune response and serum immunity at early phase of production. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [PMID: 29514437 PMCID: PMC5930281 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) stem waste (FVW), on organic eggs production, calcium utilization, antibody response, serum immunoglobulin, and serum cytokine concentration at early phase of production in laying hens. Methods A total 210, 19 weeks old aged ISA Brown layers were randomly assigned into 5 equal treatment groups, with 7 replications of 6 hens each. Dietary treatment included a standard basal diet as control; antibiotic (0.05% flavomycin); 2% FVW; 4% FVW; and 6% FVW. The experimental duration was 10 weeks. Results There was no significant differences (p>0.05) on hen day egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among experimental groups. Unmarketable eggs were significantly lower (p<0.05) both in 4% FVW and 6% FVW fed groups than control group. The calcium retention and calcium in egg shell deposition were significantly higher (p<0.05) in FVW inclusion groups than control and antibiotic groups. Antibody titers against Newcastle diseases were significantly higher (p<0.05) in 6% FVW fed group (except combined with 4% FVW at day 147) and infectious bronchitis were significantly higher (p< 0.05) in FVW fed groups (except 2% FVW and 4% FVW at day 161) than control and antibiotic groups. Serum immunoglobulin sIgA was significantly higher (p<0.05) in all levels of FVW and IgG was significantly higher (p<0.05) in 4% FVW than control and antibiotic groups. Serum cytokine concentration interleukin-2 (IL-2) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in 6% FVW; IL-6 and tumor necrotic factor-α were significantly higher (p<0.05) both in 4% FVW and 6% FVW than control and antibiotic groups; IL-4 was significantly higher (p<0.05) in antibiotic, 2% FVW and 4% FVW fed groups than control. Conclusion F. velutipes mushroom waste can be used as a novel substitute for antibiotic for organic egg production and sound health status in laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shad Mahfuz
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Hui Song
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- College of Chinese Medicine Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zipeng Diao
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Guihong Ren
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,School of Chemistry and Biology, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Zhixin Guo
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,College of Live Science, Tonghua Normal University, Tonghua, Jilin 134001, China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.,College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
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Zarei A, Lavvaf A, Motamedi Motlagh M. Effects of probiotic and whey powder supplementation on growth performance, microflora population, and ileum morphology in broilers. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1410482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Zarei
- Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Lavvaf
- Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
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Niu Y, Wan XL, Zhang XH, Zhao LG, He JT, Zhang JF, Zhang LL, Wang T. Effect of supplemental fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves at different levels on growth performance, meat quality, and antioxidant status of breast and thigh muscles in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:869-877. [PMID: 27664198 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation with different levels of fermented Ginkgo biloba leaves (FGBL) on growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quality, antioxidant enzyme capacity, and free radical scavenging activities of muscles in broiler chickens. A total of 648 one-d-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated into six dietary treatments, including control group (CON group: basal diet), FGBL1, FGBL2, FGBL3, FGBL4, and FGBL5 groups (basal diet containing 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, and 5.5 g/kg FGBL, respectively). Body weight gain and feed intake were recorded at 1, 21, and 42 d. At 42 d, 2 birds from each replicate were slaughtered. The results indicated that 3.5 g/kg FGBL diet significantly increased (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG in 1 to 42 d and ADFI in 22 to 42 d compared with the CON group. In 1 to 21 d, 4.5 g/kg FGBL diet improved (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG. With dietary FGBL increasing, the feed: gain ratio (F/G) in 1 to 21 d was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). However, birds fed with 5.5 g/kg FGBL had a higher (P < 0.05) F/G compared with other groups in 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d. In addition, FGBL3 and FGBL4 showed lower (P < 0.05) L* value in breast muscle, cooking loss in thigh muscle and lower 24 h and 48 h drip loss in both breast and thigh muscles than those of other groups. Furthermore, birds in the FGBL3 and FGBL4 groups increased (P < 0.05) the activity of total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capability in muscles, and the scavenging activities of 2,2΄-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical, OH•, and O2•- in thigh muscle, decreased (P < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentration in thigh muscle, as compared to the CON group. In conclusion, FGBL had the potential to improve the growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant status of broiler chickens. The optimal dose in the present study of FGBL in broiler diets was from 3.5 to 4.5 g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - X L Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - X H Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P.R. China
| | - L G Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, P. R. China
| | - J T He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - J F Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - L L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
| | - T Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, P. R. China
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Effects of Olive Leaf and Marigold Extracts on the Utilization of Nutrients and on Bone Mineralization using Two Different Oil Sources in Broilers. J Poult Sci 2017; 55:17-27. [PMID: 32055152 PMCID: PMC6756375 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0170059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olive leaf and marigold extracts on the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of the principal nutrients and energy, as well as on mineral utilization (Ca, P, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) in relation to bone characteristics in broilers fed walnut- or linseed oil-supplemented diets. Thirty-six 12-day-old commercial broilers Ross 308 were reared in metabolic cages, assigned to one of the six dietary treatments (3 × 2 factorial design): three supplements (not supplemented, olive leaf extract, or marigold extract), and two oils (walnut or linseed oil). The results showed that the marigold extract reduced Zn and P balances and tended to lower the balance of ash and Mg, and the ATTD of Zn and Mg. Diets with linseed oil increased the ATTD of acid detergent fiber and reduced the ATTD of the organic residue and Cu. No differences in the bone characteristics of tibia were observed between treatments. These results indicated that the inclusion of marigold extract had a negative effect on the Zn and P balance, and that neither extract had any major effect on the digestion and utilization of energy and other investigated nutrients, or on bone mineralization, irrespective of the oil source included in the diet.
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Zheng XC, Wu QJ, Song ZH, Zhang H, Zhang JF, Zhang LL, Zhang TY, Wang C, Wang T. Effects of Oridonin on growth performance and oxidative stress in broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2281-9. [PMID: 27143760 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of oridonin (ORI) on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in broiler chickens that were repeatedly challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 384 one-day-old male Arbor Acre broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 8 treatments with 6 replicate cages per treatment and 8 birds per replicate. There were 4 dietary treatments: the control group (birds fed the basal diet), the ORI 50 group, the ORI 80 group, and the ORI 100 group (the basal diet supplemented with 50, 80, and 100 mg/kg oridonin, respectively). Broilers were intraperitoneally injected with either 250 μg/kg BW LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline at 16, 18, and 20 d of age. LPS decreased the average daily weight gain (ADG), the average daily feed intake (ADFI), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of broiler chickens (P < 0.05); oridonin supplementation had no effects on performance whether before or after LPS injection (P > 0.05). LPS stimulation increased the relative weight of the spleen and bursa (P < 0.05); oridonin inclusion markedly attenuated the increased spleen index (P < 0.05). Additionally, the LPS-induced increases in the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreases in activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and catalase (CAT) were dramatically attenuated by oridonin in both the serum and liver (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LPS down-regulated the mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), copper and zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx1), and CAT in the liver (P < 0.05), However, oridonin inclusion increased the liver mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, CAT, and GPx1 (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the dietary oridonin supplementation at an optimum dose of 100 mg/kg improves the antioxidant capacity in broilers, as evidenced by the decrease in MDA and the increase in total SOD activities and mRNA expression levels of the liver antioxidant genes, although the effects on growth performance was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Zheng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China, 210095
| | - Q J Wu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China, 210095 State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Yuan Ming Yuan West Road, HaiDian District, Beijing, P.R. China 100193
| | - Z H Song
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China, 210095
| | - H Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China, 210095
| | - J F Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China, 210095
| | - L L Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China, 210095
| | - T Y Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Institute of Animal Science, Beijing, P.R. China, 100193
| | - C Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China, 210095
| | - T Wang
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing Jiangsu, China, 210095
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37
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Enzymolysis-based ultrasound extraction and antioxidant activities of polyprenol lipids from Ginkgo biloba leaves. Process Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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