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Araújo I, Lara L. Perspectives on vitamin E, canthaxanthin and selenium to chick embryo antioxidant protection. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2023.2192885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Yang J, Ding X, Bai S, Wang J, Zeng Q, Peng H, Xuan Y, Su Z, Zhang K. Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on laying performance, hatchability, and antioxidant status in molted broiler breeder hens. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Yang J, Zhang KY, Bai SP, Wang JP, Zeng QF, Peng HW, Xuan Y, Su ZW, Ding XM. The impacts of egg storage time and maternal dietary vitamin E on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of progeny chicks. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101142. [PMID: 33975045 PMCID: PMC8131716 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two trials were designed to investigate the impacts of egg storage time and maternal dietary vitamin E (VE) supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of progeny chicks. In total 512 Ross 308 broiler breeder hens (71-wk-old) were assigned to 2 dietary VE treatments (6 and 100 mg/kg) for 14 wk. Progeny chicks used in trials 1 and 2 were originated from eggs laid at week 10 (stored 0 d) and week 8 (stored 14 d), and week 14 (stored 0 d) and week 12 (stored 14 d), respectively. The 4 groups in trial 1 consisted of 2 levels of maternal VE (6 and 100 mg/kg) and 2 egg storage time (0 and 14 d). The 8 groups in trial 2 consisted of 2 levels of maternal VE (6 and 100 mg/kg), 2 egg storage time (0 and 14 d) and progeny sex (male and female). In trial 1, egg storage decreased the body weight, the liver total superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity of 21-day-old offspring (P < 0.05), and the body weight gain and feed intake from 8 to 21 d and 1 to 21 d (P < 0.05); and increased the serum and liver malonaldehyde (MDA) of 7-day-old offspring and the ratio of feed: gain (F/G) from 1 to 7 d (P < 0.05). Maternal VE (100 vs. 6 mg/kg) decreased the F/G from 1 to 7 d and increased the serum total superoxide dismutase of 21-day-old offspring (P < 0.05). In trial 2, egg storage decreased the body weight of 42-day-old offspring, and the body weight gain and feed intake from 22 to 42 d and 1 to 42 d (P < 0.05); and increased the serum and liver MDA of 21- and 42-day-old offspring (P < 0.05). Maternal VE (100 vs. 6 mg/kg) reduced the serum MDA of 7-day-old offspring (P < 0.05). Interactively, maternal VE (100 vs. 6 mg/kg) reduced the serum MDA of offspring originated from stored eggs (P < 0.05), but not for that of offspring originated from unstored eggs in the two trials. It can be concluded that egg storage (14 vs. 0 d) decreased the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of offspring, while maternal dietary VE (100 vs. 6 mg/kg) supplementation could partly alleviate the reduction of antioxidant capacity (except for growth performance) of offspring induced by egg storage for the early phase post-hatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - K Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - S P Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - J P Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Q F Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - H W Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Y Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Z W Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - X M Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Protective Effect of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Damage in Chicken Lymphocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7386239. [PMID: 33488931 PMCID: PMC7790551 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7386239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is one of the fundamental compounds in green tea. The present study was to evaluate the protective effect of EGCG in oxidative damage and apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in chicken lymphocytes. Results showed that preincubation of lymphocytes with EGCG significantly decreased H2O2-reduced cell viability and apoptotic cells with DNA damage, restored the H2O2-dependent reduction in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and suppressed the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthesis (NOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), lipid peroxide (LPO), and protein carbonyl (Carbonyl). In addition, preincubation of the cells with EGCG increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and reduced calcium ion ([Ca2+]i) load. The protective effect of EGCG in oxidative damage in lymphocytes was accompanied by mRNA expression of SOD, Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), Catalase (CAT), GSH-PX, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1). As EGCG had been removed before lymphocytes were challenged with H2O2, the activation of genes such as Nrf2 and Trx-1 by preincubation with EGCG could be the main reason for EGCG to protect the cells from oxidative damage by H2O2. Since oxidative stress is an important mechanism of biological damage and is regarded as the reasons of several pathologies, the present findings may be helpful for the use of tea products to prevent oxidative stress and maintain healthy in both humans and animals.
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Oke OE, Oyelola OB, Iyasere OS, Njoku CP, Oso AO, Oso OM, Fatoki ST, Bankole KO, Jimoh IO, Sybill NI, Awodipe HO, Adegbite HO, Rahman SA, Daramola JO. In ovo injection of black cumin (Nigella sativa) extract on hatching and post hatch performance of thermally challenged broiler chickens during incubation. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100831. [PMID: 33516471 PMCID: PMC7936144 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects in ovo injection of black cumin (BC) extract on chick's quality and response of thermally challenged broiler chickens. A total of 700 hatching eggs of broiler chickens (Marshall) were assigned to 7 treatments of 100 eggs each and incubated using the conventional protocol (37.8°C) for the first 10 d and then exposed to a high temperature (39.6°C) for 6 h daily from day 10 until day 18 of the incubation. At embryonic day 17.5, the eggs were randomly allotted to 7 treatment groups, viz.: eggs without in ovo injection (WA), eggs injected with 0.9% saline solution (SA), 3 mg ascorbic acid (AA), 2 mg BC (TB), 4 mg BC (FB), 6 mg BC (SB), and 8 mg BC (EB) extracts. Experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design. After hatching, the chicks were reared separately according to in ovo treatments for 8 wk. Data were collected on hatchability, chick quality, internal organs, growth performance, plasma superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and triiodothyronine (T3). The results showed that the hatchability of the eggs in the AA group was similar to that of SB eggs and higher than that of the other treatment groups. The intestinal weights of SB and EB birds were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of TB, SA, and WA. The final weights of the birds of SB and AA were higher (P < 0.05) than those of other treatments. The feed conversion ratio of the birds of TB and FB was comparable to that of EB and WA but higher than that of SB and AA. At hatch, the creatinine of the birds in SA and WA was similar to that of EB, FB, and TB but higher (P < 0.05) than that of AA and SB. Also, the plasma malondialdehyde, T3, and superoxide dismutase of SB and AA birds were better (P < 0.05) than those of the control groups. Overall, it was concluded that 6 mg of BC extract improved the antioxidant status and posthatch performance of thermally challenged broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- O E Oke
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo; Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
| | - O B Oyelola
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - O S Iyasere
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - C P Njoku
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A O Oso
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - O M Oso
- Centre of Excellence in Avian Science, University of Lome, Lome, Togo
| | - S T Fatoki
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - K O Bankole
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - I O Jimoh
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - N I Sybill
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - H O Awodipe
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - H O Adegbite
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - S A Rahman
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - J O Daramola
- Department of Animal Physiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Diao SM, Poppenga RH, Gonzales Alarcio G, Foley JE, Bandivadekar RR, Aston LS, Tell LA. Concentrations of Retinol and α-Tocopherol in Tissue Samples From Anna's Hummingbirds ( Calypte anna). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:637. [PMID: 33134339 PMCID: PMC7553074 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentrations were measured in tissue samples (liver, heart, pectoral muscle, and brain) from Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna). Hummingbirds were after-hatch year birds that were sourced from various rehabilitation centers throughout California. Tissues samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation (SD), and median ppm concentrations were calculated for each vitamin and tissue sample type. A novel analytical method was developed to analyze small mass tissue samples, with the smallest sample mass being 0.05 g for which analysis can be performed. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) concentrations of retinol in hummingbird livers, hearts, and pectoral muscle samples were 269.0 ± 216.9 ppm, 1.8 ± 2.2 ppm, and 0.3 ± 0.1 ppm, respectively. Mean ± SD α-tocopherol concentrations were 6.9 ± 4.6 ppm, 5.5 ± 4.0 ppm, 3.7 ± 2.2 ppm, and 9.1 ± 3.2 ppm for liver, heart, pectoral muscle, and brain samples, respectively. Vitamin concentrations from varying tissue types were compared to determine which were best associated with liver concentrations, the most commonly analyzed tissue for these vitamins. For both retinol and α-tocopherol, heart samples were most strongly associated with the liver samples. The results of this study provide baseline retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations in different tissue types from Anna's hummingbirds. These baseline values may be utilized in conservation efforts to avoid hypervitaminosis and hypovitaminosis of rehabilitated and/or captive hummingbirds by providing guidelines for nutritional targets which could be assessed on post-mortem examinations. Post-mortem examination of birds and measurement of vitamin concentrations in tissues may allow for dietary changes that aid captive hummingbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Diao
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert H Poppenga
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gwendolyne Gonzales Alarcio
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Janet E Foley
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ruta R Bandivadekar
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Linda S Aston
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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The Effects of Broiler Breeder Dietary Vitamin E and Egg Storage Time on the Quality of Eggs and Newly Hatched Chicks. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10081409. [PMID: 32823578 PMCID: PMC7460439 DOI: 10.3390/ani10081409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Broiler breeder dietary vitamin E supplementation has been indicated to enhance the antioxidant status of egg yolks, embryos, and newly hatched chicks. However, knowledge of the relationships involving breeder dietary vitamin E, the egg storage time, and the quality of the eggs and newly hatched chicks in poultry, especially in broiler breeders, is still limited. Here, we aimed to provide important evidence regarding broiler breeder dietary vitamin E and egg storage time intervention in egg characteristics and hatchability and the antioxidant status of the egg yolks and newly hatched chicks. Our results showed that prolonged egg storage time (14 vs. 0 d) increased the embryonic mortality, decreased the hatchability, and impaired the antioxidant status of egg yolks and newly hatched chicks, while increasing the broiler breeder dietary vitamin E levels (100 vs. 6 mg/kg) improved the livability of embryos and the antioxidant status of newly hatched chicks in the case of long-term egg storage. These findings suggested that broiler breeder dietary vitamin E could be applied in extending the storage time of breeder eggs. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of broiler breeder dietary vitamin E and egg storage time on the egg characteristics, hatchability, and antioxidant status of the egg yolks and newly hatched chicks. A total of 512 71-week-old Ross 308 breeder hens were fed the same basic diets containing 6 or 100 mg/kg vitamin E for 12 weeks. During this time, a total of 1532, 1464, and 1316 eggs were independently collected at weeks 8, 10, and 12, respectively, and subsequently stored for 0 or 14 d before hatching. The outcomes from three trials showed that prolonged egg storage time (14 vs. 0 d) negatively affected (p < 0.05) the egg characteristics, hatchability traits, and the yolk total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.05). Chicks derived from the stored eggs exhibited higher malonaldehyde (MDA) and T-AOC in the serum and yolk sac (p < 0.05). Broiler breeder dietary vitamin E (100 vs. 6 mg/kg) increased (p < 0.05) the hatchability and the antioxidant status of the yolks as indicated by a higher α-tocopherol content and T-AOC and lower MDA level (p < 0.05). The supplementation of vitamin E also remarkably increased (p < 0.05) the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity (yolk sac, weeks 8 and 12) and T-AOC (serum, weeks 8, 10, and 12; yolk sac, weeks 8 and 12) and decreased (p < 0.05) the MDA content of chicks (yolk sac, week 10; serum, week 12). Interactions (p < 0.05) were found between the broiler breeder dietary vitamin E and egg storage time on the hatchability and antioxidant status of chick tissues. Broiler breeder dietary vitamin E (100 vs. 6 mg/kg) increased (p < 0.05) the hatchability and the T-AOC in the serum and liver of chicks, and decreased (p < 0.05) the early embryonic mortality and the MDA content in the yolk sacs of chicks derived from eggs stored for 14 d but not for 0 d. In conclusion, prolonged egg storage time (14 vs. 0 d) increased the embryonic mortality, decreased the hatchability, and impaired the antioxidant status of egg yolks and newly hatched chicks, while the addition of broiler breeder dietary vitamin E (100 vs. 6 mg/kg) could partly relieve these adverse impacts induced by long-term egg storage.
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Oso AO, Lala OA, Oke EO, Williams GA, Taiwo AG, Ogunsola ZO. Effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E, selenium yeast or both on egg incubation response, embryonic development, keet quality, and posthatch growth of helmeted guinea fowl breeders. Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:2667-2675. [PMID: 32474755 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-020-02294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E (vit. E), selenium yeast (Se yeast), or both on egg incubation response, embryonic development, keet quality, and posthatch growth of helmeted guinea fowls. Two hundred and forty 24-week old helmeted guinea fowl hens (average weight 1.75 + 0.22 kg) and cocks (average weight 2.15 + 0.20 kg) were assigned into 24 pens; each pen housed 10 hens and 2 cocks. There were four dietary treatments consisting of a basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with vit. E (30 IU/kg), Se yeast (0.3 mg/kg Se), or both. Six pens were assigned to each treatment. Egg incubation response were estimated using 504 settable eggs sampled from each treatment collected during 15 to 17 weeks in lay. A total of 72 fertile eggs sampled from each treatment were used for the estimation of embryonic development. Quality of day-old keets hatched was scored based on physical conditions, while posthatch growth was measured for 21 days. Guinea fowl breeders fed diet supplemented with both vit. E and Se yeast produced the highest (P < 0.05) number of fertile eggs, percentage fertility, number of hatchlings, hatchability of total eggs, and hatchability of fertile eggs. Supplementation with vit. E + Se yeast resulted in the heaviest (P < 0.05) embryo weight, relative embryo weight, least (P < 0.05) yolk sac weight, and relative yolk sac weight on 25 days of incubation. Hatchlings from breeders fed diet supplemented with Se yeast and vit. E + Se yeast showed normal swallowed yolk. Supplementation of maternal diet with vit. E, Se yeast, and vit. E + Se yeast resulted in improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio of subsequent hatchlings during 1 to 7-day posthatch growth. It can be concluded that dietary supplementation of vit. E + Se yeast in guinea fowl breeders resulted in improved egg fertility, hatchability, heavier embryo weights, hatchlings of good quality, and improved posthatch growth during the first 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Oso
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Nigeria.
| | - O A Lala
- Institute of Food Security, Environmental Resources and Agricultural Research, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Nigeria
| | - E O Oke
- Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Nigeria
| | - G A Williams
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Nigeria
| | - A G Taiwo
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Nigeria
| | - Z O Ogunsola
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, PMB 2240, Nigeria
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Yang J, Ding X, Bai S, Wang J, Zeng Q, Peng H, Su Z, Xuan Y, Scott Fraley G, Zhang K. Effects of maternal dietary vitamin E on the egg characteristics, hatchability and offspring quality of prolonged storage eggs of broiler breeder hens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1384-1391. [PMID: 32342530 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to evaluate the effects of maternal vitamin E (VE) dietary supplementation on the egg characteristics, hatchability and antioxidant status of the embryo and newly hatched chicks of prolonged storage eggs. A total of 576 75-week-old Ross 308 breeder hens were randomly allocated into three dietary VE treatments (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) with 6 replicates of 32 hens, for a 12-week feeding trial. At week 12, a total of 710 eggs were collected over a 5-day period, and eggs per treatment were attributed into 5 replicates and stored for 14 days until incubation. The egg yolk, trunk and head of 7-day-old embryo and the serum, liver, brain and yolk sac of newly hatched chicks were sampled for the evaluation of antioxidant status. Results showed that as maternal dietary VE levels increased, yolk α-tocopherol concentration increased (p < .05). Compared with 100 mg/kg VE, the use of 200 and 400 mg/kg VE increased the hatchability of set/fertile eggs and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of liver and serum in chicks (p < .05), and decreased both the early embryonic mortality and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content of trunk and head in 7-day-old embryos (p < .05); moreover, 400 mg/kg VE increased the yolk T-AOC (p < .05) and decreased yolk and brain MDA content of chicks (p < .05). Brain T-AOC of chicks in 200 mg/kg VE group was improved compared to that of chicks in 100 mg/kg VE group (p < .05). In conclusion, maternal dietary VE at 200 or 400 mg/kg could increase hatchability by decreasing early embryonic mortality and increasing the antioxidant status of egg yolk, embryo and newly hatched chicks as breeder egg storage was prolonged to 14-18 days. The suitable VE level for the broiler breeder diet was 200 mg/kg as breeder egg storage was prolonged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiufeng Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanwei Peng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhuowei Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Keying Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Animal nutrition and feed Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Surai P. Selenium in poultry nutrition 2. Reproduction, egg and meat quality and practical applications. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps20020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P.F. Surai
- Avian Science Research Centre, SAC, Auchincruive, Ayr, KA6 5HW, Scotland
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Affiliation(s)
- M.T. Kidd
- Mississippi State University, Department of Poultry Science, Box 9665, Mississippi State, MS 39762-9665, USA,
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Effect of pre-incubation and incubation conditions on hatchability, hatch time and hatch window, and effect of post-hatch handling on chick quality at placement. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933913000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Antioxidant properties of vitamins in nutrition of broiler breeders and laying hens. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933910000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Araújo IC, Café MB, Noleto RA, Martins JMS, Ulhoa CJ, Guareshi GC, Reis MM, Leandro NSM. Effect of vitamin E in ovo feeding to broiler embryos on hatchability, chick quality, oxidative state, and performance. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3652-3661. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Surai PF, Kochish II, Romanov MN, Griffin DK. Nutritional modulation of the antioxidant capacities in poultry: the case of vitamin E. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4030-4041. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abd El-Wahab A, Mahmoud RE, Ahmed MFE, Salama MF. Effect of dietary supplementation of calcium butyrate on growth performance, carcass traits, intestinal health and pro-inflammatory cytokines in Japanese quails. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1768-1775. [PMID: 31385639 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of dietary calcium butyrate on growth performance, carcass traits and gut health in Japanese quails. In total, 320 one-day-old Japanese quails were randomly assigned to 4 equal treatments, with 8 replicates of 10 Japanese quails, for 4 weeks. The Japanese quails in control treatment were fed control diet whereas in the other treatments the Japanese quails were fed diet supplemented with calcium butyrate at 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 g/kg diet. Data concerning performance measurements were recorded weekly. In addition, eight Japanese quails (one/replicate) from each treatment were selected randomly for serum collection to measure pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Pooled faecal samples from each replicate of each treatment were also collected at three time points (0, 2 and 4 weeks) for count E. coli and C. perfringens. The results showed that after 7 days of the experimental period, Japanese quails fed calcium butyrate supplemented diet at 0.7 g/kg showed a greater (p < .05) body weight and a favourable (p < .05) feed conversion ratio than the other treatments. Moreover, serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were increased (p < .05) in Japanese quails fed calcium butyrate supplemented diet at 0.7 g/kg. Calcium butyrate supplementation at 0.7 g/kg was associated with reduction (p < .05) in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL1-β, while IL-10 was increased (p < .05). In addition, after 2 weeks of calcium butyrate supplementation, a reduction (p < .05) in E. coli and C. perfringens counts was observed in excreta of Japanese quails fed 0.5 and 0.7 g calcium butyrate/kg diets. It is concluded that calcium butyrate supplementation improves body weight gain, reduces E. coli and C. perfringens counts and has anti-inflammatory/anti-oxidant effect in Japanese quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rania E Mahmoud
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Marwa F E Ahmed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Salama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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19
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Conrad M, Kagan VE, Bayir H, Pagnussat GC, Head B, Traber MG, Stockwell BR. Regulation of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in diverse species. Genes Dev 2018; 32:602-619. [PMID: 29802123 PMCID: PMC6004068 DOI: 10.1101/gad.314674.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review by Conrad et al. reviews the functions and regulation of lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and the antioxidant network in diverse species, including humans, other mammals and vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, yeast, bacteria, and archaea, and discusses the potential evolutionary roles of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Lipid peroxidation is the process by which oxygen combines with lipids to generate lipid hydroperoxides via intermediate formation of peroxyl radicals. Vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 react with peroxyl radicals to yield peroxides, and then these oxidized lipid species can be detoxified by glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and other components of the cellular antioxidant defense network. Ferroptosis is a form of regulated nonapoptotic cell death involving overwhelming iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. Here, we review the functions and regulation of lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis, and the antioxidant network in diverse species, including humans, other mammals and vertebrates, plants, invertebrates, yeast, bacteria, and archaea. We also discuss the potential evolutionary roles of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Laboratory of Navigational Lipidomics of Cell Death and Regeneration, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Gabriela C Pagnussat
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Brian Head
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330.,Molecular and Cell Biology Graduate Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330.,College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97330, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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20
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Watson H, Salmón P, Isaksson C. Maternally derived yolk antioxidants buffer the developing avian embryo against oxidative stress induced by hyperoxia. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb.179465. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.179465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In oviparous animals, maternally transferred antioxidants protect the embryo from oxidative damage from high rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production incurred by rapid growth. Elevated ROS exposure – beyond that incurred by normal growth - can occur as a result of exposure to exogenous factors (e.g. pollutants, toxins, radiation), increasing the risk of oxidative damage, with potentially adverse consequences for embryonic development and long-term fitness. The capacity of the avian embryo's antioxidant protection system to counter an increased exogenous oxidative threat is poorly understood. We induced an external oxidative challenge via experimental increase in ambient oxygen concentration throughout incubation of wild great tit Parus major eggs in the laboratory. At day 11 of incubation, brain tissue revealed no consistent differences in oxidative stress status – as measured by antioxidant levels (superoxide dismutase and total glutathione), lipid peroxidation and telomere length - between control (21% oxygen) and hyperoxic (40% oxygen) embryos. However, the level of vitamin E was significantly lower and lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in yolks of eggs reared under elevated oxygen concentrations. The results suggest that maternally derived yolk antioxidants successfully buffer developing embryonic tissues against an increased exogenous oxidative threat. Furthermore, vitamin E plays a more important role in protecting the embryo than carotenoids. However, the depletion of antioxidants and increased peroxidation of lipids in the yolk could have negative consequences for embryonic development – in particular for the brain and heart that require highly unsaturated fatty acids - and protection against the oxidative burst following hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Watson
- Evolutionary Ecology, Biology Department, Lund University, SE-223 62, Sweden
| | - Pablo Salmón
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Caroline Isaksson
- Evolutionary Ecology, Biology Department, Lund University, SE-223 62, Sweden
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21
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Parolini M, Possenti CD, Karadas F, Colombo G, Romano M, Caprioli M, Dalle-Donne I, Rubolini D, Milzani A, Saino N. Yolk vitamin E positively affects prenatal growth but not oxidative status in yellow-legged gull embryos. Curr Zool 2017; 64:285-292. [PMID: 30402069 PMCID: PMC6007762 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental effects occur whenever the phenotype of parents or the environment that they experience influences the phenotype and fitness of their offspring. In birds, parental effects are often mediated by the size and biochemical quality of the eggs in terms of maternally transferred components. Exogenous antioxidants are key egg components that accomplish crucial physiological functions during early life. Among these, vitamin E plays a vital role during prenatal development when the intense metabolism accompanying rapid embryo growth results in overproduction of pro-oxidant molecules. Studies of captive birds have demonstrated the positive effect of vitamin E supplementation on diverse phenotypic traits of hatchling and adult individuals, but its effects on embryo phenotype has never been investigated neither in captivity nor under a natural selection regime. In the present study, we experimentally tested the effect of the in ovo supplementation of vitamin E on morphological traits and oxidative status of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis) embryos. The supplementation of vitamin E promoted somatic growth in embryos soon before hatching, but did not affect their oxidative status. Our results suggest that maternally transferred vitamin E concentrations are optimized to prevent imbalances of oxidative status and the consequent raise of oxidative damage in yellow-legged gull embryos during prenatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Daniela Possenti
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Filiz Karadas
- Department of Animal Science, University of Yüzüncü Yil, 65090 Van, Turkey
| | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Romano
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Manuela Caprioli
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Dalle-Donne
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Saino
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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22
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Rosa A, Bonilla C, Londero A, Giacomini C, Orso C, Fernandes M, Moura J, Hermes R. Effect of broiler breeders fed with corn or sorghum and canthaxanthin on lipid peroxidation, fatty acid profile of hatching eggs, and offspring performance. Poult Sci 2017; 96:647-658. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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23
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Maity S, Das PK, Ghosh PR, Banerjee D, Mukherjee J. Infradian rhythmicity in egg production features in relation to antioxidant profiles of Rhode Island Red (RIR) birds reared at backyard in different agroclimatic zones of West Bengal during summer stress. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2016.1178416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Hargitai R, Nyiri Z, Eke Z, Török J. Effects of Temperature and Duration of Storage on the Stability of Antioxidant Compounds in Egg Yolk and Plasma. Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 89:161-7. [DOI: 10.1086/685453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Hargitai R, Nagy G, Nyiri Z, Bervoets L, Eke Z, Eens M, Török J. Effects of breeding habitat (woodland versus urban) and metal pollution on the egg characteristics of great tits (Parus major). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 544:31-38. [PMID: 26657247 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In an urban environment, birds are exposed to metals, which may accumulate in their tissues and cause oxidative stress. Female birds may eliminate these pollutants through depositing them into eggs, thus eggs become suitable bioindicators of pollution. In this study, we aimed to analyse whether eggshell spotting pattern, egg volume, eggshell thickness and egg yolk antioxidant (lutein, tocopherol, retinol and selenium) levels were related to the breeding area (woodland versus urban) and the metal levels in the eggshell of a small passerine species, the great tit (Parus major). In the urban habitat, soil and eggshells contained higher concentrations of metals, and soil calcium level was also higher than that in the woodland. Eggshell spotting intensity and egg volume did not differ between eggs laid in the woodland and the urban park, and these traits were not related to the metal levels of the eggshell, suggesting that these egg characteristics are not sensitive indicators of metal pollution. A more aggregated eggshell spotting distribution indicated a higher Cu concentration of the eggshell. We found that eggshells were thinner in the less polluted woodland habitat, which is likely due to the limited Ca availability of the woodland area. Great tit eggs laid in the urban environment had lower yolk lutein, retinol and selenium concentrations, however, as a possible compensation for these lower antioxidant levels, urban females deposited more tocopherol into the egg yolk. It appears that females from different breeding habitats may provide similar antioxidant protection for their offspring against oxidative damage by depositing different specific dietary antioxidants. Egg yolk lutein and retinol levels showed a negative relationship with lead concentration of the eggshell, which may suggest that lead had a negative impact on the amount of antioxidants available for embryos during development in great tits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hargitai
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. st. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Nagy
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. st. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nyiri
- Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. st. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lieven Bervoets
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research Laboratory, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171/U7, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Zsuzsanna Eke
- Joint Research and Training Laboratory on Separation Techniques, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. st. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marcel Eens
- Ethology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - János Török
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. st. 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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26
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Ren ZZ, Wang JP, Zeng QF, Ding XM, Bai SP, Luo YH, Su ZW, Xuan Y, Zhang KY. The effects of maternal dietary vitamin premixes, canthaxanthin, and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol on the performance of progeny ducklings. Poult Sci 2016; 95:630-5. [PMID: 26755656 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This trial studied the effects of maternal dietary vitamin premixes, and the mixture of canthaxanthin (CX) and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3) on the performance of progeny ducklings. Four maternal diets were used under a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 kinds of vitamin premixes (Regular and High; High premix had higher levels of all vitamins except K3 than the Regular premix), and with or without the addition of the mixture of CX (6 mg/kg) and 25-OH-D3 (0.069 mg/kg). Cherry Valley duck breeders (38-wk-old) were fed with corn-wheat flour-soybean meal-based diets for 8 wk, and then eggs were collected and hatched. Healthy ducklings (equal number of female and male) from each maternal group were randomly selected and received the same commercial starter (1 to 14 d) and grower (15 to 35 d) pellet diet for 35 d. Maternal High vitamin premix increased shank pigmentation (1 d, P = 0.001), BW (1 d, P < 0.001 and 14 d, P = 0.006), BW gain (1 to 14 d, P = 0.008), G:F ratio (1 to 14 d, P = 0.007), superoxide dismutase (SOD; 1 d liver, P = 0.027 and 14 d serum, P = 0.031), and total antioxidant capacity (1 d liver, P < 0.001); and decreased protein carbonyl (14 d serum, P = 0.011) of ducklings. The mixture of CX and 25-OH-D3 increased yolk pigmentation (P < 0.001); increased shank pigmentation (1 d, P < 0.001 and 14 d, P < 0.001), BW (1 d, P < 0.001), feed intake (15-35 d, P = 0.014), SOD (1 d liver, P = 0.032), and tibia ash (14 d, P = 0.010) of ducklings; and decreased malondialdehyde (P < 0.001) and protein carbonyl (P = 0.044) of yolks, and malondialdehyde (14 d serum, P < 0.001) of ducklings. In conclusion, either maternal High vitamin premix or maternal supplementation of the CX and 25-OH-D3 mixture improves growth performance and antioxidant status of ducklings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Z Ren
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - J P Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - Q F Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - X M Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - S P Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - Y H Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - Z W Su
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - Y Xuan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
| | - K Y Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 611130
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27
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Surai PF, Fisinin VI, Karadas F. Antioxidant systems in chick embryo development. Part 1. Vitamin E, carotenoids and selenium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:1-11. [PMID: 29767100 PMCID: PMC5941026 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chick viability is known to be an important factor determining profitability of the poultry industry. Chick embryo tissues contain a high proportion of highly polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lipid fraction and therefore need antioxidant defence. The antioxidant system of the developing embryo and newly hatched chick includes the antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), water-soluble antioxidants (ascorbic acid, taurine, carnitine, glutathione, etc.), fat-soluble antioxidants (vitamin E, carotenoids, coenzyme Q) as well as selenium (Se). In fact, the high levels of endogenous antioxidants within the egg and embryonic tissues can clearly serve as a major adaptive mechanism for the protection of the tissue during the oxidative stress experienced at hatching. It has been shown that among different nutrients in the maternal diet which could significantly affect chick embryo development and their viability in the early posthatch life, natural antioxidants have been suggested to play a central role. Our data indicate that increased supplementation of the maternal diet can substantially increase concentrations of vitamin E, carotenoids (especially canthaxanthin) and Se in developing chick tissues and significantly decrease susceptibility to lipid peroxidation being effective nutritional tools to deal with various commercial stresses in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Surai
- Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria.,Szent Istvan University, Gödöllo H-2103, Hungary.,Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy 40021, Ukraine.,Odessa National Academy of Food Technology, Odessa 65039, Ukraine.,Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir I Fisinin
- Russian Academy of Science, Moscow 119991, Russia.,All-Russian Institute of Poultry Husbandry, Sergiev Posad 141311, Russia
| | - Filiz Karadas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yuzuncu Yil, Van 65080, Turkey
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28
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Urso U, Dahlke F, Maiorka A, Bueno I, Schneider A, Surek D, Rocha C. Vitamin E and selenium in broiler breeder diets: Effect on live performance, hatching process, and chick quality. Poult Sci 2015; 94:976-83. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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Parolini M, Romano M, Caprioli M, Rubolini D, Saino N. Vitamin E deficiency in last‐laid eggs limits growth of yellow‐legged gull chicks. Funct Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Biosciences University of Milan via Celoria 26 I‐20133 Milan Italy
| | - Maria Romano
- Department of Biosciences University of Milan via Celoria 26 I‐20133 Milan Italy
| | - Manuela Caprioli
- Department of Biosciences University of Milan via Celoria 26 I‐20133 Milan Italy
| | - Diego Rubolini
- Department of Biosciences University of Milan via Celoria 26 I‐20133 Milan Italy
| | - Nicola Saino
- Department of Biosciences University of Milan via Celoria 26 I‐20133 Milan Italy
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30
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Yu J, Chen Y, Zhai L, Zhang L, Xu Y, Wang S, Hu S. Antioxidative effect of ginseng stem-leaf saponins on oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide in chickens. Poult Sci 2015; 94:927-33. [PMID: 25713395 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigation demonstrated that oral administration of ginseng stem-leaf saponins in chickens could enhance the immune response. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of ginseng stem-leaf saponins on oxidative stress induced by cyclophosphamide in chickens. One hundred and twenty chickens were randomly divided into 5 groups. Groups 1 to 4 received intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide to induce oxidative stress while group 5 was injected with saline solution and served as control. Following administration of cyclophosphamide, groups 1 to 3 were orally administered ginseng stem-leaf saponins at 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg BW in drinking water for 7 d, respectively. After that, the spleen, thymus, bursa, and serum were collected to measure the indices of the organs and oxidative parameters. The results showed that ginseng stem-leaf saponins significantly inhibited cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress by increasing the organ indices, total antioxidant capacity, and the levels of glutathione, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol, while elevating the activity of total superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as decreasing the protein carbonyl content and malondialdehyde. Therefore, ginseng stem-leaf saponins could be a promising agent against oxidative stress in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - L Zhai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - L Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Y Xu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - S Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - S Hu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
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32
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Carotenoid supplementation and GnRH challenges influence female endocrine physiology, immune function, and egg-yolk characteristics in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). J Comp Physiol B 2012; 182:687-702. [DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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33
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Zhang W, Zhang KY, Ding XM, Bai SP, Hernandez JM, Yao B, Zhu Q. Influence of canthaxanthin on broiler breeder reproduction, chick quality, and performance. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1516-22. [PMID: 21673167 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of canthaxanthin supplied via a maternal route on the production of both breeder hens and chickens, 270 Chinese Three-Yellow breeder hens were randomly divided into 2 groups consisting of 135 birds each (5 replicates of 27) for study. The breeder hens were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 6 mg of canthaxanthin/kg for 24 wk. At the end of the 24-wk breeder experiment, all hatching eggs laid in 5 consecutive days of each group were collected and incubated. For each breeder group, 100 newly hatched chicks (5 replicates of 20) were reared under environmentally controlled conditions for 21 d. Canthaxanthin supplementation resulted in the following outcomes: an enhancement of the serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of breeder hens (P = 0.029), a significant increase in the yolk colorimetric score of Roche Yolk Color Fan (RYCF; P < 0.001), and a significant improvement of the antioxidant status of the egg yolk (P < 0.05). The chicks that hatched from eggs laid by breeder hens fed the canthaxanthin supplementation diet demonstrated a higher pigmentation colorimetric score of RYCF for their shank skin (P < 0.05), and the antioxidant capacity of the newly hatched chicks was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Both of these positive effects on shank skin pigmentation colorimetric score of RYCF and antioxidant capacity were observed for at least 7 d posthatching, and the chicks that hatched from canthaxanthin-enriched eggs showed a lower mortality (0 vs. 4%) during the first 21 d posthatching. These findings support the hypothesis that canthaxanthin supplementation of the maternal diet enhances the protective capacity of tissues against oxidative stress in vivo, which might be beneficial for poultry producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Petrovic V, Marcincak S, Popelka P, Simkova J, Martonova M, Buleca J, Marcincakova D, Tuckova M, Molnar L, Kovac G. The effect of supplementation of clove and agrimony or clove and lemon balm on growth performance, antioxidant status and selected indices of lipid profile of broiler chickens. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2011; 96:970-7. [PMID: 21831230 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated the effects of diet supplementation with 1% clove flower buds powder combined with either 0.2% lemon balm extract or 0.2% agrimony extract (each of the two pulverized extracts supplied through drinking water) on body weight of broilers, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio and the carcass yield, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, EC 1.11.1.9) in blood, concentration of sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin A and E, low-density lipoproteins in the blood plasma, serum cholesterol, total lipids, triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins in broiler chickens at 42 days of age. On the day of hatching, 120 male and female broilers of Cobb 500 were randomly divided into three groups. The control group (1st group) of broilers received a basal diet (BD) without any feed and water additive. Both experimental groups of chicks were fed BD enriched with clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) powder at a dose of 10 g/kg DM for 42 days. Moreover, either lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis L.) extract or agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) extract diluted with drinking water (2:1000) was given to broilers in the 2nd and 3rd group respectively. The results indicated that feeding the diets enriched with selected herbal supplements failed to affect the growth performance of broiler chickens at 42 days of age. In addition, this supplementation had no influence on the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, concentration of vitamin A and selected lipid metabolism indices. On the other hand, we observed beneficial effects on some indices of the antioxidant status (increased concentration of -SH groups and vitamin E, decreased concentration of MDA) in the blood of broilers in both experimental groups in comparison with the control group of chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a slightly better antioxidant capacity was found in the blood of broilers supplied the combination of clove and lemon balm compared to clove and agrimony (vitamin E, 11.26 ± 0.73 vs. 9.73 ± 0.64 μmol/L, p < 0.05 respectively). It could be concluded that supplementation of the diet with clove flower buds powder combined with lemon balm extract or agrimony extract dissolved in drinking water has a potential to increase the antioxidant status but fails to influence either the growth performance or the selected lipid metabolism indices of broilers at the age of 42 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Petrovic
- Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenskeho 73, Kosice, The Slovak Republic.
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Karadas F, Surai PF, Sparks NHC. Changes in broiler chick tissue concentrations of lipid-soluble antioxidants immediately post-hatch. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 160:68-71. [PMID: 21605692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The antioxidant protection of the chicken (Gallus gallus) embryo during incubation and early postnatal development plays an important role in chick viability. To assess the antioxidant capacity of the newly hatched chick, we determined the concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin E, carotenoids and coenzyme Q₁₀ in the major tissues of chicks which had been held in an incubator for up to 36 h post-hatch. Concentrations of total carotenoids and free retinol and retinol esters in the tissues did not differ significantly over the 36 h period post-hatch (p>0.05). In contrast concentrations of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and α-tocotrienol and γ-tocotrienol) in various tissues (liver, heart, brain and leg muscle) decreased significantly in chicks that had been held in the incubator for 36 h when compared to younger chicks that were held for up to 18 h. Comparatively high concentrations of coenzyme Q₁₀ were detected in the yolk sac membrane, liver and heart, the concentrations being dependent on age of chicks, the highest value being recorded 18 h post-hatch. In most of the tissues studied, coenzyme Q₁₀ concentrations decreased substantially between 18 and 36 h post-hatch. This study demonstrated that there are tissue-specific changes in the concentrations of the major antioxidants (vitamin E and coenzyme Q₁₀) during the 36 h post-hatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Karadas
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Yüzüncü Yil, Turkiye.
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36
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Weiss SL, Kennedy EA, Safran RJ, McGraw KJ. Pterin-based ornamental coloration predicts yolk antioxidant levels in female striped plateau lizards (Sceloporus virgatus). J Anim Ecol 2011; 80:519-27. [PMID: 21269301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2010.01801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1. Maternal investment in egg quality can have important consequences for offspring fitness. For example, yolk antioxidants can affect embryonic development as well as juvenile and adult phenotype. Thus, females may be selected to advertise their yolk antioxidant deposition to discriminatory males via ornamental signals, perhaps depending on the reproductive costs associated with signal production. 2. Female striped plateau lizards (Sceloporus virgatus) develop pterin-based orange colour patches during the reproductive season that influence male behaviour and that are positively associated with the phenotypic quality of the female and her offspring. Here, we assessed one potential developmental mechanism underlying the relationship between offspring quality and female ornamentation in S. virgatus, by examining the relationship between ornament expression and yolk antioxidant levels. 3. As expected, concentrations of the yolk antioxidants vitamin A, vitamin E and carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) were strongly positively intercorrelated. Eggs from larger clutches had fewer antioxidants than eggs from smaller clutches, suggesting that females may be limited in antioxidant availability or use. Fertilized and unfertilized eggs did not differ in yolk antioxidant levels. 4. The size of a female's ornament was positively related to both the concentration and total amount of yolk antioxidants, and ornament colour was positively related to yolk antioxidant concentration. Thus, in S. virgatus, female ornaments may advertise egg quality. In addition, these data suggest that more ornamented females may produce higher-quality offspring, in part because their eggs contain more antioxidants. As the colour ornament of interest is derived from pterins, not carotenoids, direct resource trade-offs between ornaments and eggs may be eliminated, reducing reproductive costs associated with signalling. 5. This is the first example of a positive relationship between female ornamentation and yolk antioxidants in reptiles and may indicate the general importance of these patterns in oviparous vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Weiss
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA 98416, USA.
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37
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Kogut M. Impact of nutrition on the innate immune response to infection in poultry. J APPL POULTRY RES 2009. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2008-00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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38
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Egg composition in relation to social environment and maternal physiological condition in the collared flycatcher. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-009-0727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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De Neve L, Fargallo JA, Vergara P, Lemus JA, Jarén-Galán M, Luaces I. Effects of maternal carotenoid availability in relation to sex, parasite infection and health status of nestling kestrels (Falco tinnunculus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 211:1414-25. [PMID: 18424675 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.014290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mothers can strongly influence the development of their offspring, and if maternal resources are limited, they may influence optimal reproductive strategies. In birds, maternally deposited carotenoids are a prominent component of egg yolk and are vital for the development of the embryo. However, results of long-lasting fitness consequences of this early nutritional environment have been scarce and inconsistent. In addition, sex-biased sensitivity to different egg components is one of the mechanisms postulated to account for sex-linked environmental vulnerability during early life. However, this important aspect is usually not accounted for when investigating maternal investment in carotenoids. In this study we gave carotenoid (lutein) supplements to female Eurasian kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) before and during egg laying. The experiment increased female plasma carotenoids, but this effect was not apparent in hatchling and fledgling plasma carotenoid concentration. Also, results showed that carotenoid supplementation increased the high density lipoprotein to low density lipoprotein ratio in adult females, suggesting that dietary carotenoids may influence lipid metabolism. Furthermore, the effect of the treatment was manifested in several nestling health state parameters. Nestlings of carotenoid-supplemented females were infested by less intestinal parasite groups, had higher lymphocyte concentrations in blood plasma, and were less stressed (heterophile to lymphocyte ratio) than control nestlings. In addition, an interaction between the experimental treatment and nestling sex was apparent for globulin concentrations, favouring the smaller male nestlings. Thereby, suggesting that males benefited more than females from an increase in maternal carotenoid investment. Our study shows that an increase in carotenoids in the maternal diet during egg laying favours nestling development in kestrels, and may also affect nestlings in a sex-specific way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth De Neve
- Departamento Biología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Karadas F, Surai P, Grammenidis E, Sparks NHC, Acamovic T. Supplementation of the maternal diet with tomato powder and marigold extract: effects on the antioxidant system of the developing quail. Br Poult Sci 2007; 47:200-8. [PMID: 16641031 DOI: 10.1080/00071660600611003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effects of natural dietary carotenoid supplementation of the maternal diet (tomato powder and marigold extract) on transfer to the egg yolk and on the development of the antioxidant system of the young quail liver in early postnatal life were investigated. Sixty Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were allocated to four treatment groups, each with three replicates consisting of four females and one male each. The quail were fed on one of four different diets for 23 d, each of them based on a low carotenoid, wheat/barley-based control diet. Tomato powder and marigold extract were added at rates of 20 and 2 g/kg to treatments 2 and 3, respectively. Marigold extract and tomato powder were also used in combination in treatment 4 at 2 g marigold + 20 g tomato powder/kg of diet. At 20 weeks of age, 60 eggs from each treatment were collected and placed in an incubator. After hatching, d-old quail from each group were reared (under standard commercial conditions) up to 14 d of age. They were fed on a low-carotenoid commercial diet. After hatch, at 1, 7 and 14 d, the livers of five young quail from each treatment were assessed for total carotenoid concentration and carotenoid profile. Results indicated that lycopene is transferred from the feed to the egg yolk and further to the liver of the developing embryo. Elevated carotenoid concentration in the egg yolk and correspondingly in the liver of newly hatched quail remains significant during first week posthatch. Lutein and lycopene did not affect vitamin E concentration in the egg yolk or liver of the newly hatched quail. A combination of increased concentrations of lycopene and lutein in the egg yolk results in elevated concentrations of coenzyme Q in the liver of the newly hatched quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Karadas
- Department of Animal Science, University of Yüzüncü Yil, 65080, Van, Turkey.
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41
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Botsoglou NA, Florou-Paneri P, Nikolakakis I, Giannenas I, Dotas V, Botsoglou EN, Aggelopoulos S. Effect of dietary saffron (Crocus sativusL.) on the oxidative stability of egg yolk. Br Poult Sci 2007; 46:701-7. [PMID: 16428113 DOI: 10.1080/00071660500392092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
1. The effects of dietary inclusion of red stigmas of Greek saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on the oxidative stability of shell eggs and liquid yolks were investigated and compared with those of dietary a-tocopherol. 2. Ninety-six Lohmann laying hens, 38 weeks old, distributed into 4 groups with 4 replicates each, were given either a control diet, diets enriched with 10 (SAF10) or 20 (SAF20) mg/kg saffron, or a diet enriched with 200 mg/kg a-tocopheryl acetate (VE200). 3. Following 6 weeks of feeding, eggs were collected and the rate of lipid oxidation was determined in refrigerated stored shell eggs, as well as in yolks adjusted to a pH of 6.2 or 4.2 and stored in the presence of light. 4. The results showed that the extent of lipid oxidation in shell eggs, as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, differed between dietary treatments, but did not change with storage time. In stored shell eggs, MDA levels differed between dietary treatments at all time points. 5. Yolks from the control group adjusted to pH 6.2 gave MDA values higher than those of the SAF10 group, which in turn were higher than those of the SAF20 group, a finding suggesting that saffron exerted a dose-dependent antioxidative activity. The VE200 group gave lower MDA values than the other groups at all time points. The oxidation profile of yolks at pH 4.2 showed a similar pattern but the rate of oxidation was greater.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Botsoglou
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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42
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43
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Siegel PB, Blair M, Gross WB, Meldrum B, Larsen C, Boa-Amponsem K, Emmerson DA. Poult Performance as Influenced by Age of Dam, Genetic Line, and Dietary Vitamin E. Poult Sci 2006; 85:939-42. [PMID: 16673775 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.5.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to measure the effects of age of dam, genetic line, and dietary levels of vitamin E on growth and immunocompetence of poults. Age of dam was defined as younger (in early egg production) and older (past peak production); line consisted of a commercial sire and dam line; and dietary vitamin E was supplemented into the diet at 10 and 300 IU/kg of feed. Traits measured included body, liver, gizzard, and yolk sac weights at hatch; BW and feed conversion to 9, 28, and 42 d; response to SRBC, Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin-P, and Escherichia coli administered at 28 d of age; and response to a cold stress on d 5 posthatch. Differences among genetic lines were evident with growth greater for poults from the sire than from the dam line. Performance of poults from older dams was generally superior to that of poults from younger dams. The higher level of vitamin E resulted in a greater than 7-fold increase in blood plasma vitamin E and reduced mortality. There were interactions among the main effects in which the fitness of poults from younger dams was enhanced by the higher level of vitamin E and the effect of breeder age differed among genetic lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Siegel
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA.
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44
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Hargitai R, Matus Z, Hegyi G, Michl G, Tóth G, Török J. Antioxidants in the egg yolk of a wild passerine: differences between breeding seasons. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 143:145-52. [PMID: 16343963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2004] [Revised: 11/05/2005] [Accepted: 11/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins play crucial roles in several physiological processes. Yolk carotenoid composition may be influenced by the bird's dietary intake and by the possible discrimination during carotenoid metabolism. Information regarding the pigment composition of passerine eggs is very limited. In the present 2-year study, we determined the carotenoid and vitamin concentrations and the percentage profile of carotenoid components in collared flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) eggs. The major carotenoid was lutein in both years, followed by cis-lutein, zeaxanthin and beta-carotene as other significant components. Carotenoid concentration was higher in 2000 than in 2001. As caterpillar abundance and ambient temperature was lower in 2001 than in 2000, we suggest that the decreased availability of carotenoid-rich resources and the elevated antioxidant demand of the female restricted the carotenoid allocation to the eggs. Our study is the first to indicate that the concentration and profile of yolk carotenoids may considerably vary in the same wild bird population between breeding seasons with different environmental conditions. Compared to other birds, the yolk of this species was relatively rich in vitamins A and E. Vitamin E concentration was positively correlated with total carotenoid concentration, which may be beneficial for the nestlings as these antioxidants synergistically provide better protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Hargitai
- Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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45
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Pappas AC, Karadas F, Surai PF, Speake BK. The selenium intake of the female chicken influences the selenium status of her progeny. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 142:465-74. [PMID: 16257249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The primary purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the effects of dietary supplementation of the female chicken with selenium (Se) continue into the next generation. An additional aim is to compare the relative effectiveness of pre-hatch (from the hen's diet) with that of post-hatch (from the progeny's diet) supplementation with Se on the Se status of the chick during the first 4 weeks of post-hatch life. Hens were maintained on control or Se-supplemented diets, respectively containing 0.027 and 0.419 mug Se/g of feed. The high-Se diet elevated the Se content of the hens' eggs by 7.1-fold. At hatch, the concentrations of Se in the liver, breast muscle and whole blood of the chicks originating from the high-Se parents were, respectively, 5.4-, 4.3- and 7.7-fold higher than the values in the chicks of the low-Se parents. When the offspring from the two parental groups were both maintained on the low-Se progeny diet, the tissue Se concentrations in chicks originating from the high-Se hens remained significantly higher for 3-4 weeks after hatching, compared with the values in chicks from the low-Se hens. Similarly, tissue glutathione peroxidase activity remained significantly higher in chicks from the high-Se hens for 2-4 weeks post-hatch. Thus, the effects of maternal Se supplementation persist in the progeny for several weeks after hatching. However, when chicks hatching from low-Se eggs were placed on a high Se diet, their tissue Se concentrations at 7 days of age were markedly higher than the values in chicks from high-Se eggs placed on the low-Se diet.
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46
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Karadas F, Wood NAR, Surai PF, Sparks NHC. Tissue-specific distribution of carotenoids and vitamin E in tissues of newly hatched chicks from various avian species. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 140:506-11. [PMID: 15936711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2004] [Revised: 02/27/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate carotenoid and vitamin E distribution in egg and tissues of newly hatched chicks from wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), game pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), free-range guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), hen (Gallus domesticus) and domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and intensively housed hens. Carotenoid concentrations in the egg yolk of free-range guinea fowl, pheasant and wild mallard were similar (61.3-79.2 microg/g). Egg yolks from ducks and intensively housed hens were characterised by the lowest carotenoid concentration comprising 11.2-14.8 microg/g. However, carotenoid concentration in eggs from free-range ducks and hens was less than half of that in free-range guinea fowl or pheasant. Depending on carotenoid concentration in the livers of species studied could be placed in the following descending order: free living pheasant>free-range guinea fowl>>free-range hen>>intensively housed hen>wild mallard>>housed duck>free-range duck. The carotenoid concentrations in other tissues of free-range guinea fowl and pheasant were substantially higher than in the other species studied. Egg yolk of housed hens was characterised by the highest alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations. In accordance with the alpha-tocopherol concentration in the egg yolk, the birds can be placed in the following descending order: intensively housed hen>wild mallard>free-living pheasant>free-range duck>free-range hen=free-range guinea fowl>housed duck. The main finding of this work is species- and tissue-specific differences in carotenoid and vitamin E distribution in the various avian species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Karadas
- Department of Animal Science, University of Yüzüncü Yil, 65080, Van, Turkey.
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47
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Abstract
Selection for immune function in the commercial breeding environment is a challenging proposition for commercial breeding companies. Immune response is only one of many traits that are under intensive selection, thus selection pressure needs to be carefully balanced across multiple traits. The selection environment (single bird cages, biosecure facilities, controlled environment) is a very different environment than the commercial production facilities (multiple bird cages, potential disease exposure, variable environment) in which birds are to produce. The testing of individual birds is difficult, time consuming, and expensive. It is essential that the results of any tests be relevant to actual disease or environmental challenge in the commercial environment. The use of genetic markers as indicators of immune function is being explored by breeding companies. Use of genetic markers would eliminate many of the limitations in enhancing immune function currently encountered by commercial breeding companies. Information on genetic markers would allow selection to proceed without subjecting breeding stock to disease conditions and could be done before production traits are measured. These markers could be candidate genes with known interaction or involvement with disease pathology or DNA markers that are closely linked to genetic regions that influence the immune response. The current major limitation to this approach is the paucity of mapped chicken immune response genes and the limited number of DNA markers mapped on the chicken genome. These limitations should be eliminated once the chicken genome is sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Fulton
- Hy-Line International, Dallas Center, Iowa 50063, USA.
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48
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Katynski AL, Vijayan MM, Kennedy SW, Moon TW. 3,3',4,4',5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) impacts hepatic lipid peroxidation, membrane fluidity and beta-adrenoceptor kinetics in chick embryos. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2004; 137:81-93. [PMID: 14984707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2003.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2003] [Revised: 11/22/2003] [Accepted: 11/23/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and other aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonists induce oxidative stress and alter membrane lipid peroxidation and fluidity. This study tested the hypothesis that PCB-induced changes in membrane properties impact membrane beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) affinity and capacity in chick embryo hepatocytes. Embryos were injected into the air cell with 1.6 microg 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)/kg egg at day 0, and incubated to day 19 when livers were removed. This dose resulted in hepatic PCB 126 levels of 0.67 ng/g liver or 10.2 ng/g liver lipid; levels in untreated embryos were non-detectable. Hepatic microsomal EROD activity was elevated by approximately 12-fold and embryo mortality was significantly increased compared with the untreated group. Hepatic lipid peroxidation increased and membrane order (steady-state fluorescence anisotropy values) decreased with in ovo PCB 126 exposure. Consistent with changes in membrane structure, hepatic beta-AR affinity for CGP 12177 significantly decreased (Kd increased) without changes in receptor numbers. This study demonstrates that in ovo exposure to PCB 126 in chick eggs significantly impacted embryo survival, and this was correlated with altered hepatic membrane structure and ultimately membrane function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Katynski
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1N 6N5
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49
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Miller RR, Olson BM, Rorick N, Wittingen AL, Bullock M. Embryonic exposure to exogenous alpha- and gamma-tocopherol partially attenuates ethanol-induced changes in brain morphology and brain membrane fatty acid composition. Nutr Neurosci 2003; 6:201-12. [PMID: 12887137 DOI: 10.1080/1028415031000119329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that embryonic exposure to ethanol (EtOH) promoted a reduction in brain mass, a reduction in brain neuron densities, and a reduction in membrane long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in embryonic chick brains. These EtOH-induced reductions in brain membrane PUFAs may be the result of lipid peroxidation because embryonic exposure to exogenous alpha- or gamma-tocopherol partially attenuated EtOH-induced reductions in membrane PUFAs. In this paper, we report that embryonic exposure to exogenous alpha- or gamma-tocopherol attenuated EtOH-induced decreases in endogenous levels of alpha-tocopherol in both embryonic chick brains and liver. Embryonic exposure to exogenous alpha- or gamma-tocopherol also partially attenuated EtOH-induced reductions in brain neuron densities within the cerebral hemispheres of embryonic chick brains. Finally, embryonic exposure to exogenous alpha- or gamma-tocopherol also partially attenuated EtOH-induced reductions in long-chain PUFAs in 2-day old neonatal chick brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Miller
- Hillsdale College, Biology Department, 33 E. College Street, Hillsdale, MI 49242-1205, USA.
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Dvorska JE, Surai PF, Speake BK, Sparks NHC. Antioxidant systems of the developing quail embryo are compromised by mycotoxin aurofusarin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2002; 131:197-205. [PMID: 11879787 DOI: 10.1016/s1532-0456(02)00006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of aurofusarin in the quail diet on the antioxidant systems of the developing embryo are investigated. Thirty eight 45-day-old Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups and were fed on a corn-soya diet or the same diet supplemented with aurofusarin at the level of 26.4 mg/kg feed in the form of Fusarium graminearum culture enriched with aurofusarin. Eggs obtained after 7 weeks of feeding were incubated. Samples of quail tissues were collected at day 17 of embryonic development and from day old hatchlings. Antioxidants and malondialdehyde were analysed by HPLC-based methods. Inclusion of aurofusarin in the maternal diet was associated with decreased concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherols, alpha- and gamma-tocotrienols, retinol, lutein and zeaxanthin in egg yolk. The vitamin E (tocopherols and tocotrienols) concentration in the liver and yolk sac membrane (YSM) of the day 17 embryos and the hatchlings from aurofusarin-fed group was significantly decreased. Alpha-tocopherol concentration was also reduced in kidney, lung, heart, muscle and brain of day-old quails. In the liver of day-old quails, concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin, retinol, retinyl linoleate, retinyl oleate, retinyl palmitate and retinyl stearate were also reduced. As a result of these diminished antioxidant concentrations, tissue susceptibility to lipid peroxidation was significantly increased. It is suggested that a compromised antioxidant system of the egg yolk and embryonic tissues could predispose quails to increased mortality at late stages of their embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E Dvorska
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sumy State Agrarian University, Ukraine
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