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Abdalla PP, da Silva LSL, Venturini ACR, Júnior MFT, Schneider G, Dos Santos AP, Gomide EBG, Carvalho ADS, Bohn L. Anthropometric equations to estimate appendicular muscle mass from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): A scoping review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 110:104972. [PMID: 36893510 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.104972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) obtained from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is recommended to quantify sarcopenia, but has limited availability in disadvantaged-income countries, moreover in an epidemiological context. Predictive equations are easier and less costly to apply, but a review of all available models is still lacking in the scientific literature. The objective of this work is to map, with a scoping review, the different proposed anthropometric equations to predict ASM measured by DXA. METHODS Six databases were searched without restriction on publication date, idiom, and study type. A total of 2,958 studies were found, of which 39 were included. Eligibility criteria involved ASM measured by DXA, and equations proposed to predict ASM. RESULTS predictive equations (n = 122) were gathered for 18 countries. The development phase involves sample size, coefficient of determination (r2), and a standard error of estimative (SEE) varying between 15 and 15,239 persons, 0.39 and 0.98, 0.07 and 3.38 kg, respectively. The validation phase involves a sample size, accuracy, and a SEE between 15 and 3,003 persons, 0.61 and 0.98, 0.09 and 3.65 kg, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The different proposed predictive anthropometric equations of ASM DXA were mapped, including validated pre-existing equations, offering an easy-to-use referential article for clinical and research applications. It is necessary to propose more equations for other continents (Africa and Antarctica) and specific health-related conditions (e.g., diseases), once the equations can only have sufficient validity and accuracy to predict ASM generally when applied to the same population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Rossini Venturini
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil; Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Fernando Tasinafo Júnior
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Schneider
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
| | - André Pereira Dos Santos
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil; Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil
| | - Eurípedes Barsanulfo Gonçalves Gomide
- Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training, and Sport (GEPEATE), University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil; Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil; Claretiano - University Center, Batatais SP, Brasil
| | | | - Lucimere Bohn
- Lusófona University of Porto, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport, Porto, Portugal; Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL) and Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports; University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Syed-Abdul MM, Soni DS, Barnes JT, Wagganer JD. Comparative analysis of BIA, IBC and DXA for determining body fat in American Football players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 61:687-692. [PMID: 33472346 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.11278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition is frequently measured by sports, fitness, and healthcare professionals. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) analysis is a validated measurement of body composition and is considered a criterion or "gold-standard" measurement. However, due to long scan times, accessibility and cost, conducting DXA scans on larger athletes (i.e., football players) is difficult. Hence fitness professionals, notably strength and conditioning coaches, typically use other methods to measure body composition. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and Integrative Body Composition (IBC) techniques to DXA body fat percent (BF%) in collegiate American Football players. METHODS Participants performed all three modes of body composition measurement: DXA, BIA (BIA-A [athlete]and BIA-NA [non-athlete modes]), and IBC, on the same day during early morning hours in a fasted state. RESULTS The BF% measured via all methods significantly correlated with BF% measured via DXA (i.e., BIA-A [P<0.001, r=0.903], BIA-NA [P<0.001, r=0.891], and IBC [P<0.001, r=0.867]). However, values obtained via BIA-A (athlete) (P<0.001) and IBC (P<0.001) methods under predicted BF%. CONCLUSIONS BIA and IBC can be used as an alternative to DXA for measuring BF% in American Football players. The BIA-A and IBC under predicted BF% compare to DXA, therefore, a correction formula can be utilized by coaches and athletes to predict BF% more accurately compared to IBC and BIA-A methods in American Football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Syed-Abdul
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Recreation, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA -
| | - Dhwani S Soni
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Recreation, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy T Barnes
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Recreation, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA
| | - Jason D Wagganer
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Recreation, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USA
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Geeson-Brown T, Jones B, Till K, Chantler S, Deighton K. Body composition differences by age and playing standard in male rugby union and rugby league: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2161-2176. [PMID: 32546054 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1775990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine differences in body compositionn between playing standard and age in male rugby union and rugby league athletes. The MOOSE (Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines for design, implementation, and reporting were followed. Studies were required to be in male rugby union or league and have body composition as the primary or secondary outcome. Data was required to be presented separately for positional groups and body composition presented as whole-body. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, and CINHAHL via EBSCOhost. 57 studies were included for meta-analysis. Results highlighted significantly higher fat-free mass in senior elite than senior sub-elite or junior elite athletes for all RU and RL forwards. Small and non-significant differences were found in fat mass between rugby union playing standards and age categories. Rugby league senior elite forwards had less fat mass than junior elite forwards. Practitioners should prioritise training and nutritional strategies that maximise fat-free mass development, especially in junior elite cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Geeson-Brown
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University , Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club , Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University , Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club , Leeds, UK.,England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League , Leeds, UK.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England , Armidale, Australia.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa , Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kevin Till
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University , Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club , Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Chantler
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University , Leeds, UK.,Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club , Leeds, UK
| | - Kevin Deighton
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University , Leeds, UK
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Upper and lower limbs composition: a comparison between anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in healthy people. Arch Osteoporos 2017; 12:78. [PMID: 28921453 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-017-0374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The detection of changes in lean mass (LM) distribution can help to prevent disability. This study assessed the degree of association between anthropometric measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body composition (BC) parameters of the upper and lower limbs in a healthy general population and collected DXA age- and sex-specific values of BC that can be useful to build a reference standard. PURPOSE The primary aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of some widely available anthropometric measurements in the assessment of body composition (BC) at the limbs, especially in terms of muscle mass, in a large sample of healthy subjects of different age bands and sex, using fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) parameters derived by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the gold standard. The secondary aim was to collect DXA age- and sex-specific values of BC of left and right limbs (upper and lower) in a healthy Italian population to be used as reference standards. METHODS Two hundred fifty healthy volunteers were enrolled. Arm circumference (AC) and thigh circumference (ThC) were measured, and total and regional BC parameters were obtained by a whole-body DXA scan (Lunar iDXA, Madison, WI, USA; enCORE™ 2011 software version 13.6). RESULTS FM/LM showed only fair correlation with AC and ThC in females (r = 0.649 and 0.532, respectively); in males and in the total population, the correlation was low (r = 0.360 or lower, and p non-statistically significant). AC and ThC were not well representative of arms LM in both genders (females r = 0.452, males r = 0.530) independently of age. In general, men of all age groups showed higher values of LM and lean mass index (LMI) in both total and segmental upper and lower limbs. In males, the maximum LM and LMI were achieved in the fifth decade in both upper and lower limbs and then started to decrease with aging. In females, no significant modification with aging was identified in LM and LMI. CONCLUSION According to our results, anthropometry is not well representative of LM of arms in both genders, independently of age; therefore, a densitometric examination should be considered for a correct assessment of BC at limbs.
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Simões M, Severo M, Oliveira A, Ferreira I, Lopes C. Predictive equations for estimating regional body composition: a validation study using DXA as criterion and associations with cardiometabolic risk factors. Ann Hum Biol 2015; 43:219-28. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2015.1054427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mário Simões
- EPI Unit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal,
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal,
- School of Sports and Leisure, Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, Portugal, and
| | - Milton Severo
- EPI Unit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal,
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal,
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPI Unit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal,
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal,
| | - Isabel Ferreira
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment & CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Lopes
- EPI Unit – Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, Portugal,
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Predictive Medicine and Public Health, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal,
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Brocherie F, Girard O, Forchino F, Al Haddad H, Dos Santos GA, Millet GP. Relationships between anthropometric measures and athletic performance, with special reference to repeated-sprint ability, in the Qatar national soccer team. J Sports Sci 2014; 32:1243-54. [PMID: 24742185 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2013.862840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine potential relationships between anthropometric parameters and athletic performance with special consideration to repeated-sprint ability (RSA). Sixteen players of the senior male Qatar national soccer team performed a series of anthropometric and physical tests including countermovement jumps without (CMJ) and with free arms (CMJwA), straight-line 20 m sprint, RSA (6 × 35 m with 10 s recovery) and incremental field test. Significant (P < 0.05) relationships occurred between muscle-to-bone ratio and both CMJs height (r ranging from 0.56 to 0.69) as well as with all RSA-related variables (r < -0.53 for sprinting times and r = 0.54 for maximal sprinting speed) with the exception of the sprint decrement score (Sdec). The sum of six skinfolds and adipose mass index were largely correlated with Sdec (r = 0.68, P < 0.01 and r = 0.55, P < 0.05, respectively) but not with total time (TT, r = 0.44 and 0.33, P > 0.05, respectively) or any standard athletic tests. Multiple regression analyses indicated that muscular cross-sectional area for mid-thigh, adipose index, straight-line 20 m time, maximal sprinting speed and CMJwA are the strongest predictors of Sdec (r(2) = 0.89) and TT (r(2) = 0.95) during our RSA test. In the Qatar national soccer team, players' power-related qualities and RSA are associated with a high muscular profile and a low adiposity. This supports the relevance of explosive power for the soccer players and the larger importance of neuromuscular qualities determining the RSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Brocherie
- a Institute of Sport Sciences (ISSUL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine , University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Buehring B, Krueger D, Libber J, Heiderscheit B, Sanfilippo J, Johnson B, Haller I, Binkley N. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured regional body composition least significant change: effect of region of interest and gender in athletes. J Clin Densitom 2014; 17:121-8. [PMID: 23643968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate body composition in athletes. Knowledge of measurement precision is essential for monitoring body composition changes over time. This study begins characterizing DXA body composition precision in 60 (30 males and 30 females) Division 1 athletes focusing on gender, regional, and tissue type differences. Two total body scans with repositioning between were performed on the same day. Least significant change (LSC) for the root-mean-square deviation (LSCRMSD) and the percent coefficient of variation (LSC%CV) for total, lean, and fat mass was calculated for 6 regions of interest. The effect of gender, region, tissue type, and mass on the standard deviation (SD) and percent coefficient of variation (%CV) between the 2 scans was evaluated using repeated measures regression analysis. Statistically significant effects of gender, region, tissue type, and mass on SD and %CV were noted. To generalize, a nonlinear positive relationship between LSCRMSD and mass and a nonlinear negative relationship between LSC%CV and mass were observed. In conclusion, DXA body composition LSC varies among genders, regions, tissues, and mass. As such, when evaluating serial body composition in athletes, especially if assessing regional change, knowledge of precision in individuals of similar body size and gender to the population of interest is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Buehring
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Diane Krueger
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jessie Libber
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bryan Heiderscheit
- Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jennifer Sanfilippo
- Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Irina Haller
- Essentia Institute of Rural Health, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Neil Binkley
- Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Scafoglieri A, Clarys JP, Cattrysse E, Bautmans I. Use of anthropometry for the prediction of regional body tissue distribution in adults: benefits and limitations in clinical practice. Aging Dis 2013; 5:373-93. [PMID: 25489489 DOI: 10.14366/ad.2014.0500373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional body composition changes with aging. Some of the changes in composition are considered major risk factors for developing obesity related chronic diseases which in turn may lead to increased mortality in adults. The role of anthropometry is well recognized in the screening, diagnosis and follow-up of adults for risk classification, regardless of age. Regional body composition is influenced by a number of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Therapeutic measures recommended to lower cardiovascular disease risk include lifestyle changes. The aim of this review is to systematically summarize studies that assessed the relationships between anthropometry and regional body composition. The potential benefits and limitations of anthropometry for use in clinical practice are presented and suggestions for future research given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Scafoglieri
- Department of Human Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels ; Department of Experimental Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels
| | - Jan Pieter Clarys
- Department of Experimental Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels
| | - Erik Cattrysse
- Department of Experimental Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels
| | - Ivan Bautmans
- Frailty in Ageing research department, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels
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Scafoglieri A, Tresignie J, Provyn S, Marfell-Jones M, Reilly T, Bautmans I, Clarys JP. Prediction of segmental lean mass using anthropometric variables in young adults. J Sports Sci 2012; 30:777-85. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2012.670716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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González-Agüero A, Vicente-Rodríguez G, Ara I, Moreno LA, Casajús JA. Accuracy of prediction equations to assess percentage of body fat in children and adolescents with Down syndrome compared to air displacement plethysmography. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2011; 32:1764-1769. [PMID: 21458950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
To determine the accuracy of the published percentage body fat (%BF) prediction equations (Durnin et al., Johnston et al., Brook and Slaughter et al.) from skinfold thickness compared to air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Twenty-eight children and adolescents with DS (10-20 years old; 12 girls, 16 boys) participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements height, weight, and skinfolds biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac were performed following ISAK recommendations. Total body density (TBD) was estimated using three equations and was also measured with ADP; while %BF was calculated from all densities using the Siri equation and from skinfolds using the Slaughter et al. equation. Finally, the agreement between methods was assessed by plotting the results in Bland-Altman graphs. The presence of heteroscedasticity was also examined. Despite the equation of Slaughter et al. had a large 95% limits of agreement, it was the only one without a significant inter-methods difference and without heteroscedasticity. The equation of Slaughter seems to be, from the studied, the most accurate for estimating %BF in children and adolescents with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A González-Agüero
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Huesca, University of Zaragoza, Spain
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Holway FE, Garavaglia R. Kinanthropometry of Group I rugby players in Buenos Aires, Argentina. J Sports Sci 2010; 27:1211-20. [PMID: 19697229 DOI: 10.1080/02640410903207408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The large variability in size and structure between playing positions in rugby merits specific kinanthropometric profiling. We aim to report detailed descriptive anthropometric data of a sample of 133 rugby players stratified by field positions (age 24.3 +/- 3.6 years, body mass 89.5 +/- 13.2 kg, and stature 178.8 +/- 7.3 cm) belonging to seven Group I teams competing in the Buenos Aires Rugby Union, and to find out if front row forwards (FR) have larger muscle and skeletal parameters. Body composition was analysed with the five-way fractionation method, expressing tissue masses in absolute terms, relative to weight as percentages and to stature as phantom z-scores. Furthermore, somatotype, body mass index, sum of six skinfolds, and muscle-to-bone ratio were calculated. Players were subsequently grouped into three positional clusters and muscular-skeletal elements compared, showing FR to have larger proportional muscle and skeletal structure than remaining forwards and backs (P < 0.001), albeit a similar muscle-to-bone ratio (P = 0.060). When compared to a sample of the top six teams at the 2003 Rugby World Cup, the Buenos Aires players were considerably smaller, measuring, on average, 3-11 cm less in height and 6-13 kg less in weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Edward Holway
- Club Atlético River Plate, Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Aplicada a los Deportes, Avenida Figueroa Alcorta, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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El-Meligy MMS, Abdel-Hady RH, Abdel-Maaboud RM, Mohamed ZT. Estimation of human body built in Egyptians. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 159:27-31. [PMID: 16081233 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2004] [Revised: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Identification of an unknown body and prediction of growth from specific body measurements are very important tasks in the fields of physical anthropology and forensic medicine. Height and weight are two factors among others required to establish individuality of an unidentified body. In the present work, an attempt has been made to calculate the stature and weight from percutaneous tibial length and bimalleolar breadth. The study was carried out on 1000 living Egyptian individuals comprising 500 males and 500 females; their age was between 19 and 21 years. A significant positive correlation between stature and tibial length in both sexes was recorded. The coefficient of determination showed that 56% of variation in stature was due to tibial length and bimalleolar breadth in males, while in females the coefficient of determination was 23%. On the other hand, the coefficient of determination for weight showed that 11% of variability in weight was due to tibial length and bimalleolar breadth in males, while in females it was 5%. Linear regression analysis was done for all variables in all cases. The regression equation formulae are helpful in the estimation of stature and weight of the deceased from tibial length and bimalleolar breadth when leg or foot is the only portion available for autopsy examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M S El-Meligy
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Assiut, Assiut, Egypt.
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Bell W, Evans WD, Cobner DM, Eston RG. Regional placement of bone mineral mass, fat mass, and lean soft tissue mass in young adult rugby union players. ERGONOMICS 2005; 48:1462-72. [PMID: 16338713 DOI: 10.1080/00140130500101007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to ascertain whether differences existed in the regional placement of bone mineral mass (BMM), fat mass (FM) and lean soft tissue mass (LSTM) between playing units in Rugby Union Football and between players and control subjects. Thirty young adult rugby players and 21 controls participated in the study. Players were assigned to groups as either forwards (n = 15) or backs (n = 15). Control subjects were matched (n = 15) to rugby players using the mean BMI of forwards and backs. BMM, FM and LSTM were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The digital image of each subject was partitioned into regional anatomical segments comprising the head, right and left arms, trunk, and right and left legs. Measurements were summed for the arms and legs respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to differentiate between- and within-groups; Tukey's post-hoc test was applied to identify pairwise differences. The alpha level was set throughout at p = 0.01. Principal components analysis was utilized to contrast the regional segments of each tissue in each of the groups. Forwards exhibited larger absolute (kg) amounts of BMM, FM and LSTM than backs or controls. In relative terms (%) there were no significant differences in BMM(%) between forwards, backs and controls in the arms and legs, but differences did occur between backs and controls at the trunk (2.9 vs. 2.5%). Backs had a significantly larger LSTM(%) than forwards at the arms (84.4 vs. 76.5%), legs (80.0 vs. 71.9%) and trunk (89.2 vs. 79.0%), whereas forwards had a greater FM(%) than backs at the arms (18.7 vs. 10.6%), legs (23.1 vs. 14.7%), and trunk (18.4 vs. 8.0%). The distribution of BMM showed a lower body-upper body contrast in forwards, a trunk-extremity contrast in backs and an arm-lower body contrast in controls. FM exhibited a trunk-extremity contrast in all three groups, while LSTM displayed an arm-lower body contrast in all three groups. It is concluded that there are significant regional tissue differences between forwards and backs, which may be related to playing function, and also differences between rugby players and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bell
- University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Cyncoed, Cardiff CF23 6XD, UK.
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