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Ludwig S, Jenner S, Berger R, Tappert S, Kurmeyer C, Oertelt-Prigione S, Petzold M. Perceptions of lecturers and students regarding discriminatory experiences and sexual harassment in academic medicine - results from a faculty-wide quantitative study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:447. [PMID: 38658938 PMCID: PMC11044556 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discrimination and sexual harassment are prevalent in higher education institutions and can affect students, faculty members and employees. Herein the aim was to assess the extent of discriminatory experiences and sexual harassment of students and lecturers at one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe. We analyze whether there are differences between lecturers and students, different study programs as well as sex/gender differences. METHODS In an interdisciplinary, iterative process, a semi-standardized questionnaire was developed and sent to N = 7095 students (S) of all study programs and N = 2528 lecturers (L) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany. The study was conducted from November 2018 to February 2019. Besides a broad range of questions on sociodemographic background allowing for diversity sensitive data analysis, they were asked if they had witnessed and/or experienced any form of discrimination or sexual harassment at the medical faculty, if yes, how often, the perceived reasons, situational factors and perpetrators. RESULTS The response rate was 14% (n = 964) for students and 11% (n = 275) for lecturers. A proportion of 49.6% of students (L: 31%) reported that they have witnessed and/or experienced discriminatory behavior. Sexual harassment was witnessed and/or experienced by 23.6% of students (L: 19.2%). Lecturers (85.9%) were identified as the main source of discriminatory behavior by students. Directors/supervisors (47.4%) were stated as the main source of discriminatory behavior by lecturers. As the most frequent perceived reason for discriminatory experiences sex/gender (S: 71%; L: 60.3%) was reported. Women and dental students experienced more discriminatory behavior and sexual harassment. CONCLUSIONS Discriminatory behavior is experienced by a significant number of students and lecturers, with power structures having a relevant impact. Dental students and women appear to be particularly exposed. Specific institutional measures, such as training programs for lecturers and students are necessary to raise awareness and provide resources. Furthermore, national preventive strategies should be thoroughly implemented to fight discrimination and harassment at the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Ludwig
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstrasse 57, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Diversity in Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Sabine Jenner
- Equal Opportunities Office, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralph Berger
- Department for Teaching and Learning, Quality Assurance Section, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sylvie Tappert
- Department for Teaching and Learning, MediCoach, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Kurmeyer
- Equal Opportunities Office, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mandy Petzold
- Department for Teaching and Learning, Quality Assurance Section, Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Chela-Alvarez X, Bulilete O, García-Buades ME, Ferrer-Perez VA, Llobera J. Workplace bullying and sexual harassment at work among hotel housekeepers in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Front Psychol 2024; 14:1241255. [PMID: 38264421 PMCID: PMC10803624 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1241255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hotel housekeepers are close to being a 100% feminized occupational group in Spain. This fact, coupled with some features of the job, places them at high risk of sexual harassment at work and bullying in the workplace. This study aims to explore experiences of sexual harassment at work and workplace bullying among hotel housekeepers in the Balearic Islands. Second, it aims to describe and estimate the prevalence of both phenomena. Methods This is a mixed-methods study. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants, and six focus groups were held with hotel housekeepers. Additionally, a quantitative cross-sectional study (n = 1,043) was undertaken. Results Most participants in focus groups had been sexually harassed at work. However, they had normalized this kind of situations, not labeling themselves as victims of sexual harassment; and harassment events were seen as unimportant, normal, and unquestioned, as well as being part of their daily work. Hotel housekeepers who were sexually harassed indicated high levels of stress at work and low social support. The prevalence of different workplace bullying behaviors was quite high among hotel housekeepers working in the Balearic Islands. Some were associated with poorer self-rated health, less satisfaction with the job and the salary, lower social support, and higher levels of stress. Despite this, qualitative methods informed us that less severe behaviors were normalized and perceived by hotel housekeepers as intrinsic to their job. Discussion The results show the high tolerance to less severe expressions of sexual harassment at work and workplace bullying, as well as difficulties in or reluctance to labeling this kind of experiences as such.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Chela-Alvarez
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Service, Palma, Spain
- GrAPP-caIB – Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- RICAPPS- Red de InvestigaciónCooperativa de Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud – Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Oana Bulilete
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Service, Palma, Spain
- GrAPP-caIB – Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- RICAPPS- Red de InvestigaciónCooperativa de Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud – Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Joan Llobera
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Service, Palma, Spain
- GrAPP-caIB – Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- RICAPPS- Red de InvestigaciónCooperativa de Atención Primaria y Promoción de la Salud – Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Worke MD, Koricha ZB, Debelew GT. Consequences of exposure to sexual harassment among women working in hospitality workplaces in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia: a structural equation model. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:7. [PMID: 36653869 PMCID: PMC9847057 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sexual harassment is undoubtedly widespread, and many countries have enacted laws to punish and prevent it as insulting behavior. However, its impacts on the job, psyche, and physical health, especially reproductive health, are still severe and noticeable. Thus, this study aimed to examine the impacts of sexual harassment on the job, psychology, physical health, and reproductive health of women in the hospitality industry. METHODS Institution-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between October 1 and November 30, 2021. Data were collected among 689 women who experienced sexual harassment in the hospitality industry. In selecting the participants, two-stage cluster sampling techniques were used. The data collection was carried out in two complementary ways. The model of structural equations examines the relationship between the experience of sexual harassment and coping with consequences. The associations were confirmed via AMOS 23. RESULTS Sexual harassment positively predicted job outcomes and negatively predicted physical health. In contrast, coping with sexual harassment positively predicts health at work and in the body and is negatively associated with health in reproduction. Physical health fully mediated the link between sexual harassment (β = 0.017, t = 0.85, p = 0.022) and reproductive health outcomes and partially mediated (β = -0.021, t = -1.235, p = 0.017) between sexual harassment coping and physical health. The interaction between sexual harassment experiences and work experiences also strengthens the negative relationship between sexual harassment experiences and physical health. CONCLUSIONS The impact of sexual harassment on women's reproductive health was investigated in this study. It expands awareness of the effects of sexual harassment exposure, how to survive it, and how to establish effective preventative strategies, particularly in the hospitality industry. Effective prevention depends on preventing psychological and physical health, ultimately improving reproductive health. Thus, safe workplace initiatives and reproductive health care services are needed. Hospitality organizations should also devise a strategy for providing a supportive environment that can significantly improve women's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Dile Worke
- grid.510430.3College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia ,grid.411903.e0000 0001 2034 9160Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdie Birhanu Koricha
- grid.411903.e0000 0001 2034 9160Department of Health Behavior and Society, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Gurmesa Tura Debelew
- grid.411903.e0000 0001 2034 9160Department of Population and Family Health, Faculty of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Messing K, Chadoin M, Blanchette-Luong V. Should data on gender and ethnicity inform ergonomics interventions? Lessons from four case studies. ERGONOMICS 2022; 65:1567-1577. [PMID: 35531647 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2022.2074098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ergonomists intervene to improve work for all workers and adapt jobs to a range of worker characteristics. But their mandate rarely includes explicit attention to the distribution of worker demographics, to divisions among workers, or to discrimination on the basis of sex/gender or racialisation. A decades-long collaboration between ergonomists and the women's committees of three union confederations in Québec, Canada led to several instances where ergonomists had to confront situations involving sexism or racism, not foreseen during their training. This article will explore four problematic situations and suggest solutions, including paying more attention to teamwork, considering gender during ergonomics training, and developing a code of practice for ergonomics interventions.Practitioner summary: Workplace inequities related to sex/gender, racialisation and other sources of social inequity can affect job performance and workers' health. As such, do ergonomists need to consider them during an intervention? How? We analyse four situations encountered during interventions and suggest more attention to understanding workplace dynamics and promoting team function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Messing
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martin Chadoin
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- School of Management, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vanessa Blanchette-Luong
- CINBIOSE Research Centre, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Psychology Department, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Jenner SC, Djermester P, Oertelt-Prigione S. Prevention Strategies for Sexual Harassment in Academic Medicine: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP2490-NP2515. [PMID: 31999215 PMCID: PMC8921881 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520903130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sexual harassment and gendered discrimination in the workplace are global issues that can affect anyone regardless of their age, gender, job title, or field of employment. The medical field is also relevantly concerned, yet effective prevention measures are scarce. The purpose of this study was to explore preventive options for sexual harassment in an academic medical context from the employees' perspective and to develop transferable strategies. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 female physicians and 15 female nurses working at a tertiary referral center in Berlin, Germany, in the months of April to November 2015. The one-on-one interviews addressed the perception of sexual harassment and available and desirable preventive measures. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The participants outlined preventive measures at two levels: individual and institutional. Individual options included personal safety measures and individual protection strategies against patients, peers, and superiors. Institutional strategies included guidelines and workplace policies, structured complaint and reporting procedures, formal training options, and organizational development and leadership strategies. The current study highlights how the prevention of sexual harassment hinges on a combination of individualized and system-wide measures to capture the personal as well as the organizational dimension of sexual harassment. Only a concerted effort addressing both aspects will sensitize the workforce, support the victims, and prevent sexual harassment in medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabine Oertelt-Prigione
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sex and Gender Differences in Occupational Hazard Exposures: a Scoping Review of the Recent Literature. Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:267-280. [PMID: 34839446 PMCID: PMC8627292 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Comparative research on sex and/or gender differences in occupational hazard exposures is necessary for effective work injury and illness prevention strategies. This scoping review summarizes the peer-reviewed literature from 2009 to 2019 on exposure differences to occupational hazards between men and women, across occupations, and within the same occupation. RECENT FINDINGS Fifty-eight studies retrieved from eight databases met our inclusion criteria. Of these, 30 studies were found on physical hazards, 38 studies on psychological/psychosocial hazards, 5 studies on biological hazards, and 17 studies on chemical hazards. The majority of studies reported that men were exposed to noise, vibration, medical radiation, physically demanding work, solar radiation, falls, biomechanical risks, chemical hazards, and blood contamination; while women were exposed to wet work, bullying and discrimination, work stress, and biological agents. Within the same occupations, men were more likely to be exposed to physical hazards, with the exception of women in health care occupations and exposure to prolonged standing. Women compared to men in the same occupations were more likely to experience harassment, while men compared to women in the same occupations reported higher work stress. Men reported more exposure to hazardous chemicals in the same occupations as women. The review suggests that men and women have different exposures to occupational hazards and that these differences are not solely due to a gendered distribution of the labor force by occupation. Findings may inform prevention efforts seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health. Future research is needed to explain the reasons for sex/gender inequality differences in exposures within the same occupation.
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Marín LS, Barreto M, Montano M, Sugerman-Brozan J, Goldstein-Gelb M, Punnett L. Workplace Sexual Harassment and Vulnerabilities among Low-Wage Hispanic Women. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 5:391-414. [PMID: 37180821 PMCID: PMC10174265 DOI: 10.1007/s41542-021-00093-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Workplace sexual harassment is particularly widespread in industries with many low-wage jobs where Hispanic women are likely to work. This qualitative study examines the experiences of Hispanic women in low-income jobs to identify workplace sexual harassment situations, support seeking actions, barriers to report, and forms of retaliation. A qualitative research design with one-on-one structured interviews provided an in-depth understanding of the experiences of Hispanic women in low-wage jobs regarding workplace sexual harassment situations and potential contributing factors. Second, a conceptual framework is proposed to integrate the reported organizational factors and social vulnerabilities that interact, eroding the individual's ability to cope effectively with workplace sexual harassment. These include organizational resources for preventing and reporting, community and family resources for support, and health effects attributed to sexual harassment. Workplace sexual harassment was described by participants as escalating over time from dating invitations, sex-related comments, unwanted physical contact to explicit sexual propositions. Temporary workers reported being very often subject to explicit quid pro quo propositions. While these patterns might not differ from those reported by other groups, work organization factors overlap with individual and social characteristics of Hispanic women in low-income jobs revealing a complicated picture that requires a systems approach to achieve meaningful change for this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz S. Marín
- Department of Safety Sciences, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, 1010 Oakland Avenue, Indiana, PA, USA
| | - Milagros Barreto
- Massachusetts Coalition for Occupational Safety and Health (MassCOSH), Dorchester, MA, USA
| | - Mirna Montano
- Massachusetts Coalition for Occupational Safety and Health (MassCOSH), Dorchester, MA, USA
| | - Jodi Sugerman-Brozan
- Massachusetts Coalition for Occupational Safety and Health (MassCOSH), Dorchester, MA, USA
| | - Marcy Goldstein-Gelb
- National Coalition for Occupational Safety and Health (COSH), Somerville, MA, USA
| | - Laura Punnett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Razmjou H, Rahnama L, Diaz S. Work status following a cervical spine injury: role of gender and psychosocial flag signs. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21679169.2020.1871512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Razmjou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Holland Orthopedic & Arthritic Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Physical therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Leila Rahnama
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport Management, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Sanober Diaz
- Department of Rehabilitation, Holland Orthopedic & Arthritic Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Working Condition Program, Holland Orthopedic & Arthritic Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
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Lanthier S, Bielecky A, Smith PM. Examining Risk of Workplace Violence in Canada: A Sex/Gender-Based Analysis. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:1012-1020. [PMID: 30016390 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Workplace violence (WPV) is a serious issue, resulting in significant negative health outcomes. Understanding sex/gender differences in risk of WPV has important implications for primary prevention activities. Methods Utilizing two waves of the Canadian General Social Survey on Victimization (N = 27,643), we examined the likelihood of WPV, and sub-categories of WPV, for women relative to men. Using a sex/gender analytical approach, a series of logistic regression models examined how the associations between being a woman and each of the outcomes changed upon adjustment for work and socio-demographic characteristics. Results After adjustment for work hours, women were at more than twice the risk of WPV compared to men (odds ratio = 2.12, 95% confidence interval 1.52-2.95). Adjustment for work characteristics attenuated, but did not eliminate this risk. Differences in associations were observed across sub-categories of violence, with adjustment for work characteristics attenuating sex/gender differences in physical WPV, but having minimal impact on sex/gender differences in sexual WPV. Conclusions Work characteristics explain a substantial proportion of the sex/gender differences in risk of physical WPV. However, even after adjustment for work characteristics, women still showed an elevated risk relative to men for almost all types of violence (as defined by nature of the violence, sex of the perpetrator, and relationship to the perpetrator) examined in this study. Future investigations should examine why these differences between women and men remain, even within similar occupational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lanthier
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Peter M Smith
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne VIC, Australia
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Yang H, Hitchcock E, Haldeman S, Swanson N, Lu ML, Choi B, Nakata A, Baker D. Workplace psychosocial and organizational factors for neck pain in workers in the United States. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59:549-60. [PMID: 27184340 PMCID: PMC4979741 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neck pain is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition among workers in the United States. This study explores a set of workplace psychosocial and organization-related factors for neck pain. METHODS Data used for this study come from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey which provides a representative sample of the US population. To account for the complex sampling design, the Taylor linearized variance estimation method was used. Logistic regression models were constructed to measure the associations. RESULTS This study demonstrated significant associations between neck pain and a set of workplace risk factors, including work-family imbalance, exposure to a hostile work environment and job insecurity, non-standard work arrangements, multiple jobs, and long work hours. CONCLUSION Workers with neck pain may benefit from intervention programs that address issues related to these workplace risk factors. Future studies exploring both psychosocial risk factors and physical risk factors with a longitudinal design will be important. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:549-560, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiou Yang
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Edward Hitchcock
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Scott Haldeman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, California
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Naomi Swanson
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ming-Lun Lu
- Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - BongKyoo Choi
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Akinori Nakata
- School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Dean Baker
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of California, Irvine, California
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Hamblin LE, Essenmacher L, Ager J, Upfal M, Luborsky M, Russell J, Arnetz J. Worker-to-Worker Violence in Hospitals: Perpetrator Characteristics and Common Dyads. Workplace Health Saf 2015; 64:51-6. [PMID: 26450899 DOI: 10.1177/2165079915608856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Worker-to-worker (Type III) violence is prevalent in health care settings and has potential adverse consequences for employees and organizations. Little research has examined perpetrator characteristics of this type of violence. The current study is a descriptive examination of the common demographic and work-related characteristics of perpetrators of Type III workplace violence among hospital workers. Analysis was based on documented incidents of Type III violence reported within a large hospital system from 2010 to 2012. Nurses were involved as either the perpetrator or target in the five most common perpetrator-target dyads. Incidence rate ratios revealed that patient care associates and nurses were significantly more likely to be perpetrators than other job titles. By examining characteristics of perpetrators and common worker dyads involved in Type III workplace violence, hospital stakeholders and unit supervisors have a starting point to develop strategies for reducing conflict between workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Upfal
- Wayne State University Detroit Medical Center
| | | | | | - Judith Arnetz
- Wayne State University Uppsala University Michigan State University
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Bailey TS, Dollard MF, McLinton SS, Richards PAM. Psychosocial safety climate, psychosocial and physical factors in the aetiology of musculoskeletal disorder symptoms and workplace injury compensation claims. WORK AND STRESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2015.1031855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Arnetz JE, Hamblin L, Ager J, Aranyos D, Upfal MJ, Luborsky M, Russell J, Essenmacher L. Application and implementation of the hazard risk matrix to identify hospital workplaces at risk for violence. Am J Ind Med 2014; 57:1276-84. [PMID: 25223739 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key barrier to preventing workplace violence injury is the lack of methodology for prioritizing the allocation of limited prevention resources. The hazard risk matrix was used to categorize the probability and severity of violence in hospitals to enable prioritization of units for safety intervention. METHODS Probability of violence was based on violence incidence rates; severity was based on lost time management claims for violence-related injuries. Cells of the hazard risk matrix were populated with hospital units categorized as low, medium, or high probability and severity. Hospital stakeholders reviewed the matrix after categorization to address the possible confounding of underreporting. RESULTS Forty-one hospital units were categorized as medium or high on both severity and probability and were prioritized for forthcoming interventions. Probability and severity were highest in psychiatric care units. CONCLUSIONS This risk analysis tool may be useful for hospital administrators in prioritizing units for violence injury prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith E. Arnetz
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences; Uppsala University; Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lydia Hamblin
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
- Department of Psychology; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan
| | - Joel Ager
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| | - Deanna Aranyos
- Detroit Medical Center Occupational Health Services; Detroit Michigan
| | - Mark J. Upfal
- Detroit Medical Center Occupational Health Services; Detroit Michigan
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit Michigan
| | - Mark Luborsky
- Institute of Gerontology; Wayne State University; Detroit Michigan
- Department of Neurobiology; Caring Sciences and Society; Karolinska Institutet; Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jim Russell
- Detroit Medical Center Occupational Health Services; Detroit Michigan
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Kostev K, Rex J, Waehlert L, Hog D, Heilmaier C. Risk of psychiatric and neurological diseases in patients with workplace mobbing experience in Germany: a retrospective database analysis. GERMAN MEDICAL SCIENCE : GMS E-JOURNAL 2014; 12:Doc10. [PMID: 24872810 PMCID: PMC4036095 DOI: 10.3205/000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The number of mobbing experiences recorded has increased during recent years and it has now been established as global phenomenon among the working population. The goal of our study was to analyze the incidence of certain neurologic and psychiatric diseases as a consequence of mobbing as compared with a control group and to examine the possible influence of previous diseases that occurred within one year before the first mobbing documentation on the incidence of mobbing. Material & methods: We used a large database (IMS® Disease Analyzer, Germany) to collect data from general practitioners in Germany from 01/2003 until 12/2012. Based on age, gender, and health insurance, patients with experience of mobbing were matched with a control group of patients who had not reported workplace mobbing and who were being treated by the same physicians. At first, diseases that occurred within one year before the bullying experience took place (“index date”) were noted and compared to a control group of similar composition in terms of gender, age, and health insurance. Subsequently, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatoform disorders, and sleep disorders following experiences of mobbing were determined. After adjustment to take into account the odds of bullying, the ratios of these diseases were assessed using a logistic regression model. Results: The study population consisted of n=2,625 patients and n=2,625 controls, of which 33% were men. The number of cases of bullying documented rose continuously from 2003 to 2011 and remained high in 2012. Those who would later become victims of mobbing demonstrated a considerably higher prevalence of diseases in general – these diseases were not confined to the neurologic-psychiatric spectrum. Following experiences of bullying, depression, anxiety, somatoform disorders, and sleep disorders were significantly more prevalent than in the control group (for all, p<0.05). Similarly, odds ratios (OR) representing the risk of suffering from diseases were higher in affected patients, with the highest value (4.28) for depression and the lowest value for sleep disorders (OR=2.4). Conclusion: Those who will later become the victims of bullying are more prone to suffer from diseases in general, even before this experience of mobbing has occurred, which underlines the importance of supporting (chronically) ill patients to protect them against bullying. Sequelae of mobbing include, in particular, diseases from the neurologic-psychiatric spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lilia Waehlert
- Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany
| | - Daniela Hog
- Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, Idstein, Germany
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Van De Griend KM, Messias DKH. Expanding the Conceptualization of Workplace Violence: Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice. SEX ROLES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sabbath EL, Hurtado DA, Okechukwu CA, Tamers SL, Nelson C, Kim SS, Wagner G, Sorenson G. Occupational injury among hospital patient-care workers: what is the association with workplace verbal abuse? Am J Ind Med 2014; 57:222-32. [PMID: 24151093 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the association between workplace abuse exposure and injury risk among hospital workers. We hypothesized that exposed workers would have higher injury rates than unexposed workers. METHODS Survey of direct-care workers (n = 1,497) in two hospitals. Exposure to workplace abuse was assessed through self-report; occupational injury reports were extracted from employee records. We tested associations between non-physical workplace violence and injury using log-binomial regression and multilevel modeling. RESULTS Adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) for injury associated with being yelled at was 1.52 (95% CI 1.19, 1.95); for experiencing hostile/offensive gestures 1.43 (1.11, 1.82); and for being sworn at 1.41 (1.09, 1.81). In analyses by injury subtypes, musculoskeletal injuries were more strongly associated with abuse than were acute traumatic injuries. Associations operated on group and individual levels and were most consistently associated with abuse perpetrated by patients. CONCLUSION Exposure to workplace abuse may be a risk factor for injuries among hospital workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika L. Sabbath
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies; Cambridge Massachusetts
| | - David A. Hurtado
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Cassandra A. Okechukwu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Sara L. Tamers
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
- Center for Community-Based Research; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Candace Nelson
- Department of Environmental Health; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Seung-Sup Kim
- Department of Healthcare Management; Korea University; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health; The George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Gregory Wagner
- Department of Environmental Health; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Washington District of Columbia
| | - Glorian Sorenson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston Massachusetts
- Center for Community-Based Research; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston Massachusetts
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Bigot L, Fouquereau E, Lafrenière MAK, Gimenes G, Becker C, Gillet N. Analyse Préliminaire des Qualités Psychométriques d’une Version Française du Work Design Questionnaire. PSYCHOLOGIE DU TRAVAIL ET DES ORGANISATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1420-2530(16)30038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Associations of workplace bullying and harassment with pain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:4560-70. [PMID: 24071921 PMCID: PMC3823333 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10104560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate associations of workplace bullying and harassment with headache, stiffness of the neck or shoulders, lumbago, and pain of two or more joints. The subjects in this cross-sectional study were recruited from workers (n = 1,913) at 35 healthcare or welfare facilities in Japan. Because of non-participation or missing data, the number of subjects included in the analysis varied (response rate ≥ 77.1%). Workplace bullying and harassment were assessed using the Negative Acts Questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire. The frequency of pain experienced by workers in the previous month was evaluated using a four-point scale. Many of the associations of person-related bullying, work-related bullying, and sexual harassment with headache, stiffness of the neck or shoulders, lumbago, and pain of two or more joints were positive and significant (p < 0.05). Even after adjustment for depression, some of the associations remained significant (p < 0.05). For example, changes in the prevalence ratio for headache associated with a 1-point increase in the work-related bullying score were 1.05 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.09) in men and 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.05) in women after adjustment for age, marital status, employment status, work shift, and depression.
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Stock S, Nicolakakis N, Messing K, Turcot A, Raiq H. Quelle est la relation entre les troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) liés au travail et les facteurs psychosociaux ? PERSPECTIVES INTERDISCIPLINAIRES SUR LE TRAVAIL ET LA SANTÉ 2013. [DOI: 10.4000/pistes.3407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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