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Rodrigues GA, Obeldobel CA, Kochendorfer LB, Brumariu LE, Fareri DS, Kerns KA. Parent-Child Attachment Security and Depressive Symptoms in Early Adolescence: The Mediating Roles of Gratitude and Forgiveness. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:262-273. [PMID: 35852736 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although greater parent-child attachment security is linked with children's lower levels of depressive symptoms, little research has evaluated potential explanatory mechanisms. We investigated whether dispositional gratitude and interpersonal forgiveness explain the relation between attachment security with parents and early adolescents' depressive symptoms. Early adolescents (N = 105; M age = 12.3 years; 51% girls) completed questionnaires assessing their attachment security to mother and father figures, depressive symptoms, and dispositional gratitude, and an interview assessing interpersonal forgiveness. Results revealed that greater attachment security to mothers and fathers was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and greater levels of dispositional gratitude and interpersonal forgiveness. Further, dispositional gratitude and interpersonal forgiveness were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. Dispositional gratitude emerged as a mediator between attachment security with each parent and depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that greater parent-child security may promote early adolescents' appreciation of positive events, which in turn may relate to fewer depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Rodrigues
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, 158 Cambridge Ave, 11530, Garden City, NY, USA.
| | - Carli A Obeldobel
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Logan B Kochendorfer
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- College of Arts and Sciences, Rockhurst University, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Laura E Brumariu
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, 158 Cambridge Ave, 11530, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Dominic S Fareri
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, 158 Cambridge Ave, 11530, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn A Kerns
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Tan R, Yang Y, Huang T, Lin X, Gao H. Parent-child attachment and mental health in young adolescents: a moderated mediation analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1298485. [PMID: 38187411 PMCID: PMC10768540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The parent-child attachment has a significant impact on adolescents' mental health. However, the influence of psychological quality and coping styles on this connection remains unknown. This study examined the relationship between parent-child attachment and adolescent mental health, by exploring the mediating role of psychological quality and the moderating role of coping styles. Methods A total of 633 young adolescents participated in this study after signing informed consent. They anonymously completed questionnaires including the Parent and Peer Attachment Scale (Parent Attachment Section), the Coping Styles Inventory for Middle School Students, the Brief Version of the Psychological Quality Inventory for Middle School Students, and the Chinese Middle School Students'Psychological Quality Inventory. After controlling for gender, grade, left-behind category, only-child status, and family structure. Results The moderated mediation model yielded the following findings: (a) parent-child attachment significantly and positively predicted adolescents'mental health; (b) psychological quality partially mediated the relationship between parent-child attachment and adolescents' mental health; (c) the association between psychological quality and mental health was moderated by task-focused coping. Discussion This moderation effect was more substantial for students with low task-focused coping behaviors, which aligns with the "exclusionary hypothesis" model. Therefore, our results indicate that parent-child attachment indirectly impacts mental health, influenced by internal and external factors. These findings carry significant implications for safeguarding and promoting adolescents' mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Tan
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Tao Huang
- Department of Preschool Education, Jiangmen Preschool Education College, Jiangmen, China
| | - Xuanxuan Lin
- Institute of Education Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Gao
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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Degiuli P, Andreis L, Vučenović D. The Relationship between Jealousy and Mate Retention Strategies in Romantic Relationships among Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:2877-2890. [PMID: 38131898 PMCID: PMC10742941 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13120199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Jealousy and mate retention have received attention in research over the last few decades. Despite this, most of the research has examined male jealousy and male mate retention, emphasizing cost-inflicting behavior due to its role in relationships and domestic violence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between jealousy and all mate retention strategies in romantic relationships among women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 772 Croatian women aged 19 to 40 who were in a heterosexual relationship at the time. This study was conducted online, and the participants completed the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale and Mate Retention Inventory. The results showed that cognitive, emotional, and behavioral jealousy were positively correlated with all mate retention strategies, which indicates that a stronger experience of jealousy can be expected to result in more frequent use of all partner retention strategies. We also found that all three dimensions of jealousy and relationship length positively predicted both cost-inflicting and benefit-provisioning mate retention behavior, whereas age was a negative predictor of benefit-provisioning behavior only. The findings of this study suggest that, although jealousy can substantially explain interpersonally risky and damaging behavior in relationships, it can also explain affectionate and attentive behavior, to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lea Andreis
- Faculty of Croatian Studies, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (P.D.); (D.V.)
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Peng A, Patterson MM, Wang H. Attachment, empathy, emotion regulation, and subjective well-being in young women. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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5
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Vaydich JL, Carpenter TP, Schwark JK, Molina L. Disordered eating among college students: The effects of parental attachment and the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2168-2175. [PMID: 33258731 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1846045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesThe current study explored the relationship between parental attachment and disordered eating among college students. This study also explored the potential mediating role of factors associated with emotion regulation. Participants: One hundred sixty-seven undergraduates (M = 18.93 years, SD = 1.02) participated in the current study. Methods: Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire reporting their perceptions of their parental attachment relationships, emotional reactivity, difficulty regulating emotions, and disordered eating. Results: Analyses using structural equation modeling indicated that difficulty regulating emotions mediated the relationship between maternal attachment and disordered eating, but not between paternal attachment and disordered eating. Emotional reactivity did not emerge as a significant mediator. Conclusions: These findings suggest that maternal attachment relationships may be associated with difficulty regulating emotions in adulthood, which may in turn impact disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Vaydich
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas P Carpenter
- Department of Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jenai K Schwark
- Department of Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Larissa Molina
- Department of Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
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McGinley M, Muzzy BM, Hermann M, Thompson RA. Secure attachment and social and personality outcomes: The moderating role of emerging adults’ autobiographical memories of parents. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith McGinley
- Department of Psychology, Professional Counseling, and Neuroscience University of Wisconsin‐Parkside Kenosha WI USA
| | | | - Miracle Hermann
- Department of Psychology, Professional Counseling, and Neuroscience University of Wisconsin‐Parkside Kenosha WI USA
| | - Ross A. Thompson
- Department of Psychology University of California, Davis Davis CA USA
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Attachment and the Development of Moral Emotions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100915. [PMID: 34682180 PMCID: PMC8534435 DOI: 10.3390/children8100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the development of social and moral emotions (often associated to pro-social behaviors) has become the subject of increased research interest. However, the relation between these emotions and attachment is less studied. The present systematic literature review (PROSPERO: CRD42021247210) was designed to synthesize current empirical contributions that explore the link between attachment and the development of moral emotions (e.g., empathy, sympathy, altruism, and guilt) during childhood and adolescence. Article exclusion criteria included: studies with participants not living in natural contexts (e.g., institutionalized); studies on mental illness; qualitative research; research that does not reliably evaluate attachment or moral emotions; research on intervention programs; and non-peer-reviewed articles. Only 10 studies were found eligible. Results highlight a present focus on empathy and guilt and gaps regarding sympathy and altruism. The mediator role and positive effect of emotion regulation was noted. Significant positive correlations between attachment security and guilt, shame and forgiveness were emphasized. Limitations of the eligible studies included: representativeness of the participants; causality of the results; and the validity and significance of the instruments (e.g., lack of results reported by various parties involved). The present review aims to contribute to the understanding of an empathic, healthy development, in contrast to the alienation and bullying affecting the youth’s emotional, relational and academic lives.
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Stern JA, Costello MA, Kansky J, Fowler C, Loeb EL, Allen JP. Here for You: Attachment and the Growth of Empathic Support for Friends in Adolescence. Child Dev 2021; 92:e1326-e1341. [PMID: 34263461 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Attachment was examined as a predictor of teens' empathic support for friends in a multimethod longitudinal study of 184 U.S. adolescents (58% Caucasian, 29% African American, 13% other) followed from ages 14 to 18. Adolescents' secure state of mind regarding attachment at 14 predicted teens' greater capacity to provide empathic support during observed interactions with friends across ages 16-18 (Baverage = .39). Teens' empathic support was generally stable during this period, and less secure teens were slower to develop these skills. Further, teens' attachment security predicted the degree to which friends called for their support (Baverage = .29), which was associated with teens' responsiveness to such calls. The findings suggest that secure attachment predicts teens' ability to provide empathic support in close friendships.
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Kahwagi RM, Zeidan RK, Haddad C, Hallit R, Sacre H, Kheir N, Salameh P, Obeid S, Hallit S. Emotion regulation among Lebanese adults: Validation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire and association with attachment styles. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:809-820. [PMID: 32936945 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Validate the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and evaluate factors associated with emotion regulation among Lebanese adults. METHODS A proportionate random sample of 811 participants was chosen from all Lebanese governorates in this cross-sectional study. FINDINGS The principal component analysis of the ERQ items yielded two factors (αCronbach = 0.764 and 0.658 for the Cognitive Reappraisal and Expressive Suppression facets, respectively). Higher secure attachment style was linked to higher cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression. Higher anxious attachment style and anxiety were associated with lower cognitive reappraisal. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS The Arabic version of the ERQ is a suitable tool for the assessment of emotion regulation tendencies in clinical practice and research. The study came up with results similar to the ones given by many international studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine-Marie Kahwagi
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Rouba K Zeidan
- Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,Pharmacoepidemiology Surveillance Unit, CERIPH: Center for Research in Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Departments of Research and Psychology, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.,Faculty of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon.,Departments of Research and Psychology, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie-Liban, Beirut, Lebanon
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Kokkinos CM, Kountouraki M, Voulgaridou I, Markos A. Understanding the association between Big Five and relational aggression: The mediating role of social goals and friendship jealousy. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.109946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Are self-compassionate partners less jealous? Exploring the mediation effects of anger rumination and willingness to forgive on the association between self-compassion and romantic jealousy. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Emotion regulation and empathic abilities in young adults: The role of attachment styles. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.109763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Linking Parent-Child and Peer Relationship Quality to Empathy in Adolescence: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 48:1033-1055. [PMID: 30810858 PMCID: PMC6525137 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-00993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Empathy, which is the ability to feel concern for and to understand others’ feelings, is thought to develop in high quality relationships with parent and peers, but also to facilitate the quality of these relationships. While a wide literature has addressed this aspect, the heterogeneity of primary studies, in which different indicators of relationship quality (e.g., support, conflict) and empathy (i.e., affective and cognitive) have been examined, makes it difficult to draw conclusive answers. Therefore, it remained ambiguous how parent–child and peer relationship quality are associated with adolescents’ empathy. In order to increase the understanding of these associations, a multilevel meta-analysis was performed, which allowed for including multiple effect sizes from each study. By a systematic literate search, 70 eligible studies were found that provided 390 effect sizes from 75 independent samples. The results showed a small positive correlation between parent–child relationship quality and empathy, and a small-to-moderate positive correlation between peer relationship quality and empathy, which was significantly stronger than the correlation with parent–child relationship quality. Hence, the meta-analytic results indicate that adolescents with higher quality relationships, especially with peers, indeed tend to show more concern for and understanding of others’ emotions than adolescents with lower quality relationships. Moreover, the moderation analyses showed stronger correlations for the positive dimension of relationship quality than for the negative dimension, and stronger correlations for composite scores of affective and cognitive empathy than for separate scores of the empathy dimensions. However, no differences in correlations were found between the affective and cognitive empathy dimension, and no moderation effects were found for gender and age. Thus, this meta-analysis demonstrates robust positive associations between parent–child and peer relationship quality and empathy in adolescence, implying that good empathic abilities may be a protective factor for experiencing poor relationships.
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Empathy from infancy to adolescence: An attachment perspective on the development of individual differences. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Troyer D, Greitemeyer T. The impact of attachment orientations on empathy in adults: Considering the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies and negative affectivity. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Klimenkova E. Empaty ability and the quality of interpersonal relations in youth. КОНСУЛЬТАТИВНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ И ПСИХОТЕРАПИЯ 2017. [DOI: 10.17759/cpp.2017250405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present the results of the study of the relationship between empathy and the quality of interpersonal relations in adolescents and students. Interpersonal relations are operationalized through attachment styles — secure, anxious—preoccupied and avoiding. We review studies of the impact of attachment on empathy development. The present study involved 169 people, including school, college, and university students. We used the Interpersonal Reactivity Index by M. Davis and forced-choice attachment paragraphs by C. Hazan and F. Shaver. Students with secure attachment have the lowest level of personal distress. Empathic concern and the perspective taking indicators are higher in the ambivalent attachment group in comparison with the avoidantly attached students. It is concluded that avoidance of intimacy with other people is accompanied by less pronounced empathy than striving for intimacy and a simultaneous fear of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.N. Klimenkova
- State professional educational establishment Complex «South-West»
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