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Asadi S, Cunningham TJ, Morgan TA, Zimmerman M, Rodriguez-Seijas C. Examining Measurement Invariance in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form Across Sexual and Gender Minority Status. Assessment 2024; 31:678-697. [PMID: 37248665 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231176449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Brief Form (PID-5-BF) was developed with an assumption of invariance across sexual and gender minority (SGM) individuals. This assumption has yet to be tested empirically. Using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, we examined measurement invariance in the PID-5-BF across the SGM status in clinical (N = 1,174; n = 254 SGM) and nonclinical (N = 1,456; n = 151 SGM) samples. Measurement invariance was supported for the PID-5-BF structure, item thresholds, and factor loadings, but not at the item intercept level. SGM individuals endorsed higher negative affectivity, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism domains in both samples. In the clinical sample, adjusting for partial invariance decreased detachment and antagonism levels for SGM persons. In the nonclinical sample, adjusting for partial invariance reduced antagonism disparities in the SGM group, even rendering original group differences null. Our results support the use of the PID-5-BF in SGM populations but indicate that some measurement bias may drive observed disparities in maladaptive trait domains and, in turn, personality disorder diagnosis.
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Rigo P, Miscioscia M, Spaggiari S, Di Riso D. Do Italian people still wear masks? Analysis of personality and dispositional correlates of facemask use in post Covid-19 scenario. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16538. [PMID: 37783738 PMCID: PMC10545754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43588-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Face mask wearing is a low-cost preventative measure for the Covid-19 pandemic. In Italy, face masks are no longer mandatory indoors from the 1st of May 2022. Some research focused on factors that influence the choice of using masks, but less is known about mask-wearing when non-mandatory. The present study aims to compare those who were still wearing masks indoors when non-mandatory and those who were not, in personality traits, anxiety, depression, and trust in healthcare professions, in Italy, in 2022. Furthermore, we analyze if resilience, reactance, political orientation, and Covid-19 vaccinations moderate between negative affectivity and the choice of wearing masks. 1151 adults, aged 18-64, were recruited. Using the Qualtrics platform, participants filled in a socio-demographic interview, and self-report questionnaires. Results showed that people who were still wearing a mask indoors had higher levels of psychoticism and negative affectivity, worse mental health, greater trust in healthcare professions, and worries about the pandemic. Moreover, resilience partially moderates the relationship between negative affectivity and the choice of wearing a mask. These findings provide a better understanding of individuals' responses to post-pandemic changes, identifying the personal and contextual aspects that can make people struggle with the process of returning to normality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rigo
- Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology (DPSS), University of Padua, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marina Miscioscia
- Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology (DPSS), University of Padua, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Spaggiari
- Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology (DPSS), University of Padua, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Daniela Di Riso
- Department of Developmental and Socialization Psychology (DPSS), University of Padua, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Mazza C, Ricci E, Colasanti M, Cardinale A, Bosco F, Biondi S, Tambelli R, Di Domenico A, Verrocchio MC, Roma P. How Has COVID-19 Affected Mental Health and Lifestyle Behaviors after 2 Years? The Third Step of a Longitudinal Study of Italian Citizens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:759. [PMID: 36613081 PMCID: PMC9819689 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and its protective measures had a tremendous effect on the general population's mental health and deeply affected their lifestyle. The present study carried out a longitudinal analysis to evaluate the long-lasting psychological effects of the pandemic and its impact on the general population's day-to-day routine. Three points in time were considered: the initial period of the lockdown (T1; n = 2766; March 2020), the final period of the lockdown (T2; n = 439; May 2020) and two years after the lockdown (T3; n = 268; July 2022). Frequency analyses were carried out to examine which behavioral changes were maintained following the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown; furthermore, a repeated measures ANOVA test was run to measure differences in depression, stress, and anxiety levels between the three periods considered; lastly, multivariable ordinal logistic regression analyses were carried out to examine which variables were associated with psychological distress more than two years after the lockdown. The results highlighted that depression at T3 was associated with depression at T2 and negative affect, whereas stress at T3 was associated with stress at T2 and detachment. The psychological effects and lifestyle changes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mazza
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Colasanti
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cardinale
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Biondi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Renata Tambelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Verrocchio
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Roma
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Athar ME, Ebrahimi A. Validation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5–Brief Form (PID-5-BF) with Iranian University Students and Clinical Samples: Factor Structure, Measurement Invariance, and Convergent, Discriminant, and Known-Groups Validity. J Pers Assess 2022; 105:371-381. [PMID: 36511889 DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2022.2152347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Brief Form (PID-5-BF) was developed to assess DSM-5's Alternative Trait Model for Diagnosing Personality Disorders (AMPD). This study aimed to examine the factor structure, internal consistency, measurement invariance, and convergent, discriminant, and known-group validity of the Persian PID-5-BF with 941 university students (aged 18-67, M age= 28.36, SD = 9.09, 39.1% males) and 178 male from a clinical (aged 18-60, M age= 33.77, SD = 10.60) sample in Iran. Confirmatory factor analyses supported the five-factor model in both groups, being fully and partially invariant across gender and study groups, respectively. PID-5-BF subscales were internally consistent, yielded expected associations with other personality variables, and differentiated the student sample from the clinical group, supporting the measure's convergent, discriminant, and known-group validity. Our results indicated that the PID-5-BF holds promise as a screening measure of dimensional maladaptive personality traits in Iranian students and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Elhami Athar
- School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Darkmind Research Group, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Maples-Keller JL, Hyatt CS, Sleep CE, Stevens JS, Fenlon EE, Jovanovic T, Rothbaum BO, Ressler KJ, Carter S, Bradley B, Fani N, Powers A, Michopoulos V. DSM-5 alternative model for personality disorders trait domains and PTSD symptoms in a sample of highly traumatized African American women and a prospective sample of trauma center patients. Personal Disord 2021; 12:491-502. [PMID: 33444034 PMCID: PMC8277882 DOI: 10.1037/per0000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has a specified precipitant (i.e., trauma), and thus, is particularly well-suited to examine risk and maintenance factors for the development of the disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) alternative model of personality disorder (AMPD) is based, in part, on a dimensional trait model; previous research suggests that personality traits are related to PTSD symptoms. To date, there is little research examining this model with regard to PTSD symptoms, and such research could elucidate new strategies for identification and prevention. The present study investigates associations between AMPD traits and PTSD symptoms in a cross-sectional high-risk sample (N = 490; 100% female; 97.8% African American) and in a prospective, longitudinal sample of Level 1 trauma center patients (N = 185; 46.8% female; 72.5% African American). The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form domains were significantly associated with PTSD total symptom severity and symptom clusters across both self-report and clinical interview measures. Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism emerged as significant predictors of concurrent PTSD. When prospectively predicting PTSD symptoms in the longitudinal cohort, Negative Affectivity and Psychoticism were significant predictors of PTSD symptom severity. These findings indicate how the DSM-5 AMPD pathological traits are associated with risk for stress-related disorders cross-sectionally and prospectively. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Emily E. Fenlon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Barbara O. Rothbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry, Mclean Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - Sierra Carter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University
| | - Bekh Bradley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
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Kancherla N, Garlapati SKP, Raparla YK, Jamil M, Jamil J, Mannava SM. Survey of Stress in COVID Patient Post Treatment: A Qualitative Research. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S1646-S1649. [PMID: 35018047 PMCID: PMC8686895 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_376_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of our study was to examine the mental health status of patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) who were hospitalized. METHODOLOGY In this cross-sectional study, 106 inpatients with COVID-19 who had stable clinical conditions were evaluated psychologically by questionnaire: Depression, anxiety, and stress scales-21 (DASS-21). RESULTS About one-third of patients had comorbidities. In totality, 97.2% of patients with COVID-19 had some grade of depression. Extent of depression, assessed with the help of the DASS questionnaire, was 85.8%. All patients (100%) had serious (0.9%) and grave level of (99.1%) anxiety. Regarding to stress levels, 97.1% of patients had some degree of stress. In the worsening of stress category, 84.9% of patients had high-stress levels. CONCLUSION The presence of such increased prevalence and seriousness of psychiatric disorders among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 underlines the necessity for serious consideration to the mental health standing of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kancherla
- MBBS Interns, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - Maria Jamil
- Intern, Tawam Hospital, Gulf Medical University, Al Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javairia Jamil
- Sheikh Shakhbout Medical Center (SSMC), Gulf medical University, Al Jurf, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sai Mahitha Mannava
- Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally, Nalgonda District, Telangana, India
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Gabarrell-Pascuet A, Félez-Nóbrega M, Cristóbal-Narváez P, Mortier P, Vilagut G, Olaya B, Alonso J, Haro JM, Domènech-Abella J. The role of social support, detachment, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in suicidal thoughts and behaviours during the Covid-19 lockdown: Potential pathways. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 42:9237-9248. [PMID: 34429573 PMCID: PMC8375284 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as problems related to social relationships, such as available social support and feelings of detachment from others, have worsened. These factors are strongly associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STB). The effects of feelings of detachment on mental health and on STB have been scarcely studied, together with the relation that it may have with available social support. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess potential pathways connecting these conditions. A nationally representative sample of Spanish adults (N = 3305) was interviewed during the COVID-19 pandemic (June 2020). STB, social support, and depressive and anxiety symptoms were measured with the C-SSRS (modified version), OSSS-3, PHQ-8, and GAD-7 scales, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression models and mediation analyses were performed. Social support and some of its components (i.e., social network size and relations of reciprocity) were associated with lower odds of STB. Detachment significantly mediated (22% to 25%) these associations. Symptoms of emotional disorders significantly mediated the association between social support components (29% to 38%) – but not neighbourhood support – with STB, as well as the association between detachment and higher odds of STB (47% to 57%). In both cases, depressive symptoms were slightly stronger mediating factors when compared to anxiety symptoms. Our findings suggest that interventions aimed at lowering depressive and anxiety symptoms, and STB should provide social support and help tackle the feeling of detachment in a complementary way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina Gabarrell-Pascuet
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Doctor Antoni Pujades, 42, ES-08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Félez-Nóbrega
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Doctor Antoni Pujades, 42, ES-08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Cristóbal-Narváez
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Doctor Antoni Pujades, 42, ES-08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippe Mortier
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Olaya
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Doctor Antoni Pujades, 42, ES-08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Unit, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Doctor Antoni Pujades, 42, ES-08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Domènech-Abella
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, C/ Doctor Antoni Pujades, 42, ES-08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Sociology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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Investigating how individual differences influence responses to the COVID-19 crisis: The role of maladaptive and five-factor personality traits. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 176:110786. [PMID: 33642660 PMCID: PMC7901380 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic impacted both the physical and psychological aspects of people's lives. Personality traits are one of the factors that explain the diverse responses to stressful situations. This study aimed to investigate whether five-factor and maladaptive personality traits are associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicide risk, self-reported COVID-19 symptoms, and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic, comprehensively. Methods We conducted an online survey among a representative sample of 1000 Koreans between May 8 to 13, 2020. Participants' five-factor and maladaptive personality traits were measured using the multidimensional personality inventory, the Bright and Dark Personality Inventory. COVID-19 symptoms, depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicide risk, and preventive behaviors were also measured. Results The results revealed that maladaptive personality traits (e.g., negative affectivity, detachment) had positive correlations with depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicide risk, and COVID-19 symptoms, and the five-factor personality traits (e.g., agreeableness, conscientiousness) had positive correlations with preventive behaviors. Conclusion Our findings extend the current understanding of the relationship between five-factor and maladaptive personality traits and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Longitudinal follow-up should further investigate the influence of personality traits on an individual's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Zhang P, Ouyang Z, Fang S, He J, Fan L, Luo X, Zhang J, Xiong Y, Luo F, Wang X, Yao S, Wang X. Personality inventory for DSM-5 brief form(PID-5-BF) in Chinese students and patients: evaluating the five-factor model and a culturally informed six-factor model. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:107. [PMID: 33596861 PMCID: PMC7890813 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form (PID-5-BF) is a 25-item measuring tool evaluating maladaptive personality traits for the diagnosis of personality disorders(PDs). As a promising scale, its impressive psychometric properties have been verified in some countries, however, there have been no studies about the utility of the PID-5-BF in Chinese settings. The current study aimed to explore the maladaptive personality factor model which was culturally adapted to China and to examine psychometric properties of the PID-5-BF among Chinese undergraduate students and clinical patients. METHODS Seven thousand one hundred fifty-five undergraduate students and 451 clinical patients completed the Chinese version of the PID-5-BF. Two hundered twenty-eight students were chosen randomly for test-retest reliability at a 4-week interval. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to discover the most suitable factor structure in China, measurement invariance(MI), internal consistency, and external validity were also calculated. RESULTS The theoretical five-factor model was acceptable, but the exploratory six-factor model was more applicable in both samples (Undergraduate sample: CFI = 0.905, TLI = 0.888, RMSEA = 0.044, SRMR = 0.039; Clinical sample: CFI = 0.904, TLI = 0.886, RMSEA = 0.047, SRMR = 0.060). In the Chinese six-factor model, the Negative Affect domain was divided into two factors and the new factor was named "Interpersonal Relationships", which was in line with the Big-Six Personality model in Chinese. Measurement invariance across non-clinical and clinical sample was established (configural, weak, strong MI, and partial strict MI). Aside from acceptable internal consistency (Undergraduate sample: alpha = 0.84, MIC = 0.21; Clinical sample: alpha = 0.86, MIC = 0.19) and test-retest reliability(0.73), the correlation between the 25-item PID-5-BF and the 220-item PID-5 was significant(p < 0.01). The six PDs measured by Personality diagnostic questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) were associated with and predicted by expected domains of PID-5-BF. CONCLUSIONS Both the theoretical five-factor model and the exploratory six-factor model of the PID-5-BF were acceptable to the Chinese population. The five-factor model could allow for comparison and integration with other work on the original theoretical model. However, the Chinese six-factor structure may be more culturally informed in East Asian settings. In sum, the PID-5-BF is a convenient and useful screening tool for personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwen Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zirong Ouyang
- Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shulin Fang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayue He
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lejia Fan
- Institute of Mental Health, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xingwei Luo
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianghua Zhang
- Student Affairs Department, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Student Affairs Department, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fusheng Luo
- Student Affairs Department, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Roma P, Monaro M, Colasanti M, Ricci E, Biondi S, Di Domenico A, Verrocchio MC, Napoli C, Ferracuti S, Mazza C. A 2-Month Follow-Up Study of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218180. [PMID: 33167479 PMCID: PMC7663995 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has called for unprecedented measures, including a national lockdown in Italy. The present study aimed at identifying psychological changes (e.g., changes in depression, stress, and anxiety levels) among the Italian public during the lockdown period, in addition to factors associated with these changes. An online follow-up survey was administered to 439 participants (original sample = 2766), between 28 April and 3 May 2020. A paired sample t-test tested for differences in stress, anxiety, and depression over the period. Multivariate regression models examined associations between sociodemographic variables, personality traits, coping strategies, depression, and stress. Results showed an increase in stress and depression over the lockdown, but not anxiety. Negative affect and detachment were associated with higher levels of depression and stress. Higher levels of depression at the start of the lockdown, as well as fewer coping strategies and childlessness, were associated with increased depression at follow-up, whereas higher levels of stress at the start of the lockdown and younger age were associated with higher stress at follow-up. These results may help us to identify persons at greater risk of suffering from psychological distress as a result lockdown conditions, and inform psychological interventions targeting post-traumatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Roma
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (S.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Merylin Monaro
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy;
| | - Marco Colasanti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (S.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Eleonora Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Silvia Biondi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (S.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Alberto Di Domenico
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.D.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Maria Cristina Verrocchio
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (A.D.D.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Medical Surgical Science and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefano Ferracuti
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (S.B.); (S.F.)
| | - Cristina Mazza
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3461374688
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A Nationwide Survey of Psychological Distress among Italian People during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093165. [PMID: 32370116 PMCID: PMC7246819 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1119] [Impact Index Per Article: 279.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The uncontrolled spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has called for unprecedented measures, to the extent that the Italian government has imposed a quarantine on the entire country. Quarantine has a huge impact and can cause considerable psychological strain. The present study aims to establish the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and identify risk and protective factors for psychological distress in the general population. An online survey was administered from 18–22 March 2020 to 2766 participants. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression models were constructed to examine the associations between sociodemographic variables; personality traits; depression, anxiety, and stress. Female gender, negative affect, and detachment were associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Having an acquaintance infected was associated with increased levels of both depression and stress, whereas a history of stressful situations and medical problems was associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety. Finally, those with a family member infected and young person who had to work outside their domicile presented higher levels of anxiety and stress, respectively. This epidemiological picture is an important benchmark for identifying persons at greater risk of suffering from psychological distress and the results are useful for tailoring psychological interventions targeting the post-traumatic nature of the distress.
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