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Bradshaw MJ, Boufford D, Braun U, Moparthi S, Jellings K, Maust A, Pandey B, Slack S, Pfister DH. An In-Depth Evaluation of Powdery Mildew Hosts Reveals One of the World's Most Common and Widespread Groups of Fungal Plant Pathogens. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:576-581. [PMID: 37755416 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1471-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildews are highly destructive fungal plant pathogens that have a significant economic impact on both agricultural and ecological systems worldwide. The intricate relationship between powdery mildews and their host plants has led to cospeciation. In this study, we conducted an extensive evaluation of powdery mildew hosts to provide an updated understanding of the host ranges and distributions of these fungi. The "United States National Fungus Collections Fungus-Host Dataset" is the primary source of information for our analyses. The analysis of the dataset demonstrated the worldwide prevalence of powdery mildews; the data contained over 72,000 reports of powdery mildews, representing ∼8.7% of all host-fungal records. We have updated the taxonomy and nomenclature of powdery mildews. In total, powdery mildews infect ∼10,125 host taxa belonging to 205 families of flowering plants, which accounts for 1,970 genera in 200 countries across six continents. Furthermore, we estimate that powdery mildews infect approximately 2.9% of described angiosperm species. Our study underscores the need for regular updates on powdery mildew host information due to the continuously evolving taxonomy and the discovery of new host taxa. Since 1986, we estimate an additional 1,866 host taxa, 353 genera, and 36 families have been reported. Additionally, the identification of powdery mildew hosts provides valuable insights into the coevolutionary dynamics between the fungi and their plant hosts. Overall, this updated list provides valuable insights into the taxonomy and geographic distribution of powdery mildew species, which builds upon the previous work of Amano in 1986. Discerning the geographic spread and host range of economically significant plant pathogens is vital for biosecurity measures and identifying the origins and expansion of potentially harmful pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bradshaw
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - David Boufford
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
| | - Uwe Braun
- Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Swarnalatha Moparthi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, U.S.A
| | - Keila Jellings
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, U.S.A
| | - Autumn Maust
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, U.S.A
| | - Binod Pandey
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, U.S.A
| | - Suzanne Slack
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A
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Bradshaw MJ, Braun U, Pfister DH. Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 1: Golovinomyces. Mycologia 2022; 114:964-993. [PMID: 36223598 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Powdery mildews are a monophyletic group of obligate plant pathogenic fungi in the family Erysiphaceae. Powdery mildews are economically important in that they cause damage to many agriculturally significant crops and plants in ecologically important habitats. In this contribution, we introduce a new series of publications focusing on the phylogeny and taxonomy of this group, with an emphasis on specimens collected from North America. The first part of the series focuses on the genus Golovinomyces and includes a section detailing the powdery mildew species concept. We conducted analyses of Golovinomyces spp. with available rDNA sequence data from GenBank and supplemented the data set with rDNA (ITS, 28S, IGS) as well as protein-coding (GAPDH) data from 94 North American collections. Many of the species evaluated are included in phylogenetic and morphological analyses for the first time, including the American species G. americanus, G. brunneopunctatus, G. californicus, G. greeneanus, G. hydrophyllacearum, and G. sparsus. A special emphasis was placed on acquiring ex-type or ex-epitype sequences or presenting reference sequences for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. Three new species, G. eurybiarum, G. galiorum, and G. malvacearum, are described, and the new combinations G. fuegianus, G. mutisiae, and G. reginae are introduced. Ex-holotype sequences of Erysiphe sparsa (≡ G. sparsus) reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with G. ambrosiae, and ex-epitype sequences of G. valerianae reveal that it should be reduced to synonymy with G. orontii. Multiple epitypes are designated with ex-epitype sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Bradshaw
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Uwe Braun
- Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University, Institute of Biology, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Donald H Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
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A critical revision of the powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota) of Ukraine: Arthrocladiella and Blumeria. UKRAINIAN BOTANICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ukrbotj79.04.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The previously compiled list of species of powdery mildew fungi of Ukraine was published more than 30 years ago. That list included 108 species belonging to 12 genera. However, over the past three decades, numerous changes have been made in the system of the former order Erysiphales, in particular, in its generic composition; moreover, dozens of new species have been described. At the same time, many species of powdery mildew fungi were introduced to Europe, including Ukraine, in particular, from East Asia and North America. Thus, the species composition of powdery mildew fungi of Ukraine has undergone significant changes and requires a critical revision. Therefore, a series of relevant articles is planned to be published. This article, the first in the series, deals with the small genera Arthrocladiella and Blumeria. A list of species of these genera recorded in Ukraine (Arthrocladiella mougeotii, Blumeria avenae, B. bulbigera, B. dactylidis, B. graminicola, B. graminis, and B. hordei), their distribution by regions of Ukraine and a key for identification are provided. Arthrocladiella mougeotii was found to occur occasionally only in nine regions, mainly in the southern part of Ukraine, primarily in the forest-steppe and steppe zones and on the South Coast of Crimea. Blumeria avenae was recorded only in two regions, on the South Coast of Crimea and in Central Polissya and should be also considered rare in Ukraine. The remaining species were observed quite often and registered in 14–24 regions, while B. graminicola and B. graminis are regarded as the most common ones.
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Shirouzu T, Suzuki TK, Matsuoka S, Takamatsu S. Evolutionary patterns of host type and chasmothecial appendage morphology in obligate plant parasites belonging to Cystotheceae (powdery mildew, Erysiphaceae). Mycologia 2021; 114:35-45. [PMID: 34871136 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2021.1983352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The chasmothecial appendages of Erysiphaceae are considered to function in the overwintering strategy and evolve morphologically in line with transitions of different host type. However, the evolutionary patterns and relationships of these traits have not yet been verified using statistical models based on phylogenetic information. We aimed to clarify the evolutionary process of host type and appendage morphology in Cystotheceae using phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) and to evaluate the evolutionary relationship of these traits. The ancestral state estimation of host types showed that the deciduous type is the most ancestral in Cystotheceae, and the herb or evergreen types evolved secondarily four times and twice, respectively. Branched- or circinate-type appendages were estimated to be the most ancestral, and the mycelioid and rudimentary types evolved secondarily thrice and once, respectively. The results of the random forest analysis showed that the host type was predictable from the phylogeny and appendage morphology. The ancestral state estimation suggested that simultaneous transitions of the host type and appendage morphology occurred at several ancestral nodes. These results suggest some functional relationships between host type and appendage morphology, but there was no statistical support for an overall trend in evolutionary dependence between these traits. Our results demonstrate the utility of PCMs in the study of trait evolution in Cystotheceae, which can be applied to a broader phylogeny of powdery mildews to elucidate the evolutionary relationship and functional causality of phenotypic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shirouzu
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takao K Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Information Science, University of Hyogo, 7-1-28 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Susumu Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Hidden diversity of powdery mildews belonging to the recently re-discovered genus Salmonomyces. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Bradshaw M, Braun U, Götz M, Takamatsu S. Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Erysiphe lonicerae complex ( Helotiales, Erysiphaceae) on Lonicera spp. Fungal Syst Evol 2021; 7:49-65. [PMID: 34124617 PMCID: PMC8165964 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews, belonging to the genus Erysiphe, on Lonicera species throughout the world are examined and discussed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that sequences retrieved from Erysiphe lonicerae, a widespread powdery mildew species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere on a wide range of Lonicera spp., constitutes a complex of two separate species, viz., E. lonicerae (s. str.) and Erysiphe ehrenbergii comb. nov. Erysiphe lonicerae occurs on Lonicera spp. belonging to Lonicera subgen. Lonicera (= subgen. Caprifolium and subgen. Periclymenum), as well as L. japonica. Erysiphe ehrenbergii comb. nov. occurs on Lonicera spp. of Lonicera subgen. Chamaecerasus. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses have also revealed that Microsphaera caprifoliacearum (≡ Erysiphe caprifoliacearum) should be reduced to synonymy with E. lonicerae (s. str.). Additionally, Erysiphe lonicerina sp. nov. on Lonicera japonica in Japan is described and the new name Erysiphe flexibilis, based on Microsphaera lonicerae var. flexuosa, is introduced. The phylogeny of Erysiphe ehrenbergii and E. lonicerae as well as other Erysiphe species on honeysuckle is discussed, and a survey of all species, including a key to the species concerned, is provided. Citation: Bradshaw M, Braun U, Götz M, Takamatsu S (2020). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the Erysiphe lonicerae complex (Helotiales, Erysiphaceae) on Lonicera spp. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7: 49-65. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.03.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bradshaw
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - U. Braun
- Martin Luther University, Institute for Biology, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - M. Götz
- Institute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and Forests, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Takamatsu
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie 514–8507, Japan
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Meeboon J, Okamoto J, Takamatsu S. Two new records of powdery mildews ( Erysiphaceae) from Japan: Erysiphe actinidiicola sp. nov. and Erysiphe sp. on Limonium tetragonum. MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:198-204. [PMID: 37091319 PMCID: PMC9157753 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Erysiphe actinidiicola on Actinidia polygama is described based on morphological and molecular data. Erysiphe actinidiicola is distinguished from E. actinidiae var. actinidiae by having irregularly to dichotomously branched chasmothecial appendages, larger chasmothecia sizes and numbers of asci per chasmothecium. Molecular analyses indicated that this species forms a clade separated from E. actinidiae var. actinidiae. An epitype is proposed for E. actinidiae var. actinidiae with ex-epitype sequences. A powdery mildew found on Limonium tetragonum is tentatively described as Erysiphe sp. This species is distinguished from E. limonii, a powdery mildew on Limonium spp., based on the DNA sequence differences in the 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region as well as the morphological differences in the length of the conidiophores. This is the first record of powdery mildew on L. tetragonum in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamjan Meeboon
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Jun Okamoto
- Floriculture Group, Agricultural Research Division, Oita Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center
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Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Erysiphe adunca complex (Erysiphaceae, Helotiales) on poplars and willows. Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Yamaguchi Y, Meeboon J, P. Heluta V, Liu SY, Feng J, Takamatsu S. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Erysiphe species (powdery mildew: Erysiphaceae) occurring on the ash trees ( Fraxinus spp.). MYCOSCIENCE 2021; 62:115-123. [PMID: 37089256 PMCID: PMC9157754 DOI: 10.47371/mycosci.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The genus Fraxinus (Oleaceae), known as ash trees, currently comprises 43 recognized species that are distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere. Two Erysiphe (sect. Uncinula) species have been known on Fraxinus spp. so far. In this study, Fraxinus powdery mildews from different areas of the world were collected to make molecular and morphological analyses. These specimens are divided into three distinct molecular phylogenetic groups, which are distinguishable by their morphology and/or host preference. The powdery mildew occurring on F. apertisquamifera and F. lanuginosa is described as a new species, E. fraxinea. Epitypes are designated for E. fraxinicola and E. salmonii. Applying previous traditional species delimitations, various hosts were shared by E. fraxinicola as well as E. salmonii, but the current analyses strongly suggest strict host specificity among these three powdery mildew species. Evolutionary timing calculated by molecular clock analysis suggests co-evolution of powdery mildews with their Fraxinus hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamjan Meeboon
- Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Vasyl P. Heluta
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University
| | - Jing Feng
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University
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Smith RL, May TW, Kaur J, Sawbridge TI, Mann RC, Pascoe IG, Edwards J. Re-Evaluation of the Podosphaera tridactyla Species Complex in Australia. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7030171. [PMID: 33652636 PMCID: PMC8025908 DOI: 10.3390/jof7030171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Podosphaera tridactyla species complex is highly variable morphologically and causes powdery mildew on a wide range of Prunus species, including stone fruit. A taxonomic revision of the Po. tridactyla species complex in 2020 identified 12 species, seven of which were newly characterised. In order to clarify which species of this complex are present in Australia, next generation sequencing was used to isolate the fungal ITS+28S and host matK chloroplast gene regions from 56 powdery mildew specimens of stone fruit and ornamental Prunus species accessioned as Po. tridactyla or Oidium sp. in Australian reference collections. The specimens were collected in Australia, Switzerland, Italy and Korea and were collected from 1953 to 2018. Host species were confirmed using matK phylogenetic analysis, which identified that four had been misidentified as Prunus but were actually Malusprunifolia. Podosphaera species were identified using ITS+28S phylogenetic analysis, recognising three Podosphaera species on stone fruit and related ornamental Prunus hosts in Australia. These were Po.pannosa, the rose powdery mildew, and two species in the Po. tridactyla species complex: Po. ampla, which was the predominant species, and a previously unidentified species from peach, which we describe here as Po. cunningtonii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reannon L. Smith
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VI 3083, Australia; (J.K.); (T.I.S.); (R.C.M.); (J.E.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VI 3083, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tom W. May
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Melbourne, VI 3004, Australia;
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VI 3083, Australia; (J.K.); (T.I.S.); (R.C.M.); (J.E.)
| | - Tim I. Sawbridge
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VI 3083, Australia; (J.K.); (T.I.S.); (R.C.M.); (J.E.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VI 3083, Australia
| | - Ross C. Mann
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VI 3083, Australia; (J.K.); (T.I.S.); (R.C.M.); (J.E.)
| | | | - Jacqueline Edwards
- Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, AgriBio Centre, Bundoora, VI 3083, Australia; (J.K.); (T.I.S.); (R.C.M.); (J.E.)
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VI 3083, Australia
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Kiss L, Vaghefi N, Bransgrove K, Dearnaley JDW, Takamatsu S, Tan YP, Marston C, Liu SY, Jin DN, Adorada DL, Bailey J, Cabrera de Álvarez MG, Daly A, Dirchwolf PM, Jones L, Nguyen TD, Edwards J, Ho W, Kelly L, Mintoff SJL, Morrison J, Németh MZ, Perkins S, Shivas RG, Smith R, Stuart K, Southwell R, Turaganivalu U, Váczy KZ, Blommestein AV, Wright D, Young A, Braun U. Australia: A Continent Without Native Powdery Mildews? The First Comprehensive Catalog Indicates Recent Introductions and Multiple Host Range Expansion Events, and Leads to the Re-discovery of Salmonomyces as a New Lineage of the Erysiphales. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1571. [PMID: 32765452 PMCID: PMC7378747 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to Eurasia and North America, powdery mildews (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) are understudied in Australia. There are over 900 species known globally, with fewer than currently 60 recorded from Australia. Some of the Australian records are doubtful as the identifications were presumptive, being based on host plant-pathogen lists from overseas. The goal of this study was to provide the first comprehensive catalog of all powdery mildew species present in Australia. The project resulted in (i) an up-to-date list of all the taxa that have been identified in Australia based on published DNA barcode sequences prior to this study; (ii) the precise identification of 117 specimens freshly collected from across the country; and (iii) the precise identification of 30 herbarium specimens collected between 1975 and 2013. This study confirmed 42 species representing 10 genera, including two genera and 13 species recorded for the first time in Australia. In Eurasia and North America, the number of powdery mildew species is much higher. Phylogenetic analyses of powdery mildews collected from Acalypha spp. resulted in the transfer of Erysiphe acalyphae to Salmonomyces, a resurrected genus. Salmonomyces acalyphae comb. nov. represents a newly discovered lineage of the Erysiphales. Another taxonomic change is the transfer of Oidium ixodiae to Golovinomyces. Powdery mildew infections have been confirmed on 13 native Australian plant species in the genera Acacia, Acalypha, Cephalotus, Convolvulus, Eucalyptus, Hardenbergia, Ixodia, Jagera, Senecio, and Trema. Most of the causal agents were polyphagous species that infect many other host plants both overseas and in Australia. All powdery mildews infecting native plants in Australia were phylogenetically closely related to species known overseas. The data indicate that Australia is a continent without native powdery mildews, and most, if not all, species have been introduced since the European colonization of the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Kiss
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Niloofar Vaghefi
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kaylene Bransgrove
- Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - John D. W. Dearnaley
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Susumu Takamatsu
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yu Pei Tan
- Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Craig Marston
- Science and Surveillance Group, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Shu-Yan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan-Ni Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dante L. Adorada
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Jordan Bailey
- Plant Pathology & Mycology Herbarium, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Andrew Daly
- Plant Health Diagnostic Service, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Pamela Maia Dirchwolf
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Lynne Jones
- Science and Surveillance Group, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jacqueline Edwards
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Wellcome Ho
- New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Kelly
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sharl J. L. Mintoff
- Department of Primary Industry and Resources, Northern Territory Government, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jennifer Morrison
- Science and Surveillance Group, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Márk Z. Németh
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sandy Perkins
- Science and Surveillance Group, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Roger G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Reannon Smith
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kara Stuart
- Ecosciences Precinct, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Ronald Southwell
- Science and Surveillance Group, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Kálmán Zoltán Váczy
- Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly University, Eger, Hungary
| | - Annie Van Blommestein
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Dominie Wright
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anthony Young
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Uwe Braun
- Herbarium, Department of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Institute for Biology, Martin Luther University, Halle (Saale), Germany
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