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Paudice M, Biatta CM, Scaglione G, Parodi A, Mammoliti S, Moioli M, Centurioni MG, Barra F, Ferrero S, De Cian F, Mazzocco K, Vellone VG. Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Prognostic Factors in High-Grade Non-Endometrioid Carcinomas of the Endometrium (HG-NECs): Is It Possible to Identify Subgroups at Increased Risk? Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2171. [PMID: 37443564 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is an emerging disease with an increase in prevalence of aggressive histotypes in recent years. BACKGROUND In the present study, potential histopathological and immunohistochemical prognostic markers were investigated. Consecutive cases of high-grade non-endometrioid carcinoma (HG-NEC) of the endometrium were considered. METHODS Each surgical specimen was routinely processed; the most significant block was selected for immunohistochemistry and tested for ER, PR, ki67, p53, E-cadherin, β-catenin, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. For each immunomarker, the percentage of positive tumor cells was evaluated (%) and dichotomized as low and high according to the distribution in the study population. Follow-up was collected for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Thirty-three cases were eligible: 19 resulted in FIGO I-II; 14 resulted in FIGO III-IV. Twelve patients suffered a recurrent disease (mean follow-up 24.6 months); 8 patients died of the disease (mean follow-up 26.6 months). RESULTS Women with recurrent disease demonstrated a significantly higher Bcl2% (35.84 ± 30.96% vs. 8.09 ± 11.56%; p = 0.0032) while DOD patients had higher ki67% (75 ± 13.09% vs. 58.6 ± 19.97%; p = 0.033) and Bcl2% of border significance (34.37 ± 34.99% vs. 13 ± 17.97%; p = 0.078). As expected, FIGO III-IV had a worse DFS (HR = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.1-10.99; p = 0.034) and OS (HR = 5.19; 95% CI: 1.27-21.14; p = 0.0217). Bcl-2-high patients (Bcl2 > 10%) demonstrated a significantly worse DFS (HR = 9.11; 95% CI: 2.6-32.4; p = 0.0006) and OS (HR = 7.63; 95% CI: 1.7-34; p = 0.0084); moreover, PR low patients (PR ≤ 10%) had significantly worse DFS (HR = 3.74; 95% CI: 1.2-11.9; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS HG-NEC represents a heterogeneous group of endometrial aggressive neoplasms with a worrisome prognosis, often at an advanced stage at presentation. Bcl-2 and PR may represent promising markers to identify a subgroup of patients having an even worse prognosis requiring a careful and close follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Paudice
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
- Pathology University Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Biatta
- Anatomy and Pathological Histology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Scaglione
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Parodi
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
| | - Serafina Mammoliti
- Oncology Unit 1, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Melita Moioli
- Obstetrics & Gynecology University Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Barra
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Ferrero
- Obstetrics & Gynecology University Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco De Cian
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
- General Surgery University Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Katia Mazzocco
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Valerio Gaetano Vellone
- Department of Integrated Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genoa, 16100 Genoa, Italy
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Wang M, Yue S, Yang Z. Downregulation of PSAT1 inhibits cell proliferation and migration in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4081. [PMID: 36906716 PMCID: PMC10008565 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1) has been associated with the occurrence and development of various carcinomas; however, its function in uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) is unknown. We aimed to explore the relationship between PSAT1 and UCEC using The Cancer Genome Atlas database and functional experiments. PSAT1 expression levels in UCEC were employed using the paired sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium database, and the Human Protein Atlas database, while survival curves were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis to explore the possible functions and related pathways of PSAT1. Furthermore, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis was performed to detect the relationship between PSAT1 and tumor immune infiltration. StarBase and quantitative PCR were used to predict and verify the interactions between miRNAs and PSAT1. The Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU assay, clone formation assay, western blotting and flow cytometry were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Finally, Transwell and Wound healing assays were used to assess cell invasion and migration. Our study found that PSAT1 was significantly overexpressed in UCEC, and this high expression was associated with a worse prognosis. A high level of PSAT1 expression was associated with a late clinical stage and, histological type. In addition, the results of GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that PSAT1 was mainly involved in the regulation of cell growth, immune system and cell cycle in UCEC. In addition, PSAT1 expression was positively correlated with Th2 cells and negatively correlated with Th17 cells. Furthermore, we also found that miR-195-5P negatively regulated the expression of PSAT1 in UCEC. Finally, the knockdown of PSAT1 resulted in the inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Overall, PSAT1 was identified as a potential target for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Song Yue
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhu Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Wang J, Jiang P, Huang Y, Tu Y, Zhou Q, Li N, Kong W, Yuan R. Prognostic Value of the Cutoffs for HALP in Endometrial Cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2023; 46:107-113. [PMID: 36700534 PMCID: PMC9946170 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using preoperative hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) scores, a cutoff value of HALP in endometrial cancer was identified, and the significance of HALP value in endometrial cancer prognosis was evaluated to guide the management of patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 626 patients with endometrial cancer who underwent surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between June 2015 and June 2020. A Cox regression model was used to analyze the correlation between HALP endometrial cancer recurrence and death, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cutoff value of HALP for predicting the lymph node metastasis (LNM), recurrence, and death of endometrial cancer. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that HALP was associated with a lower risk of recurrence and death of endometrial cancer. Multivariate analysis indicated that HALP was an independent protective factor for predicting recurrence and death in endometrial cancer. The thresholds of HALP for predicting LNM, recurrence, and death in endometrial cancer patients are around 33.8. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the recurrence-free and the overall survival rates were significantly lower in the low-HALP group than that in the high-HALP group ( P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative HALP values in patients with endometrial cancer are important in predicting LNM, recurrence, and death of patients. HALP scores combined with traditional pathologic factors can better guide the prognostic management of patients.
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Govorov I, Attarha S, Kovalevska L, Andersson E, Kashuba E, Mints M. STK4 protein expression pattern follows different trends in endometrioid and serous endometrial adenocarcinoma upon tumor progression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:22154. [PMID: 36550267 PMCID: PMC9780310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that serine/threonine-protein kinase 4 (STK4) is involved in the control on proliferation and migration of endometrial cancer (EC) cells in vitro. In the present paper, we studied STK4 expression in EC tissues from a large cohort of patients to determine whether STK4 can serve as a marker for the aggressiveness and prognosis of EC. Tissue samples from patients with EC were examined for tumor type, grade, and stage. The STK4 protein expression in EC cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry and related to clinicopathological data of patients, such as progression and patient survival rate. The STK4 mRNA levels and its relation to the survival rate were analyzed also in publicly available databases. The STK4 gene expression was low at both, the mRNA and protein levels in EC, especially in serous tumors. Comparison of STK4 expression with the patient survival rate shows that the higher expression is associated with worse prognosis in serous EC, while no such dependence was found in endometrioid EC. Hence, the determination of the SKT4 expression pattern could be used as a putative prognostic marker for serous EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Govorov
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sanaz Attarha
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Larysa Kovalevska
- grid.430311.40000 0004 0560 6108R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03022 Ukraine
| | - Emil Andersson
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Kashuba
- grid.430311.40000 0004 0560 6108R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03022 Ukraine ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institute, Biomedicum, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam Mints
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.15895.300000 0001 0738 8966School of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
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Gaballa K, Metwally IH, Refky B, Awny S, Abdelkhalek M, Hamdy M. Impact of Morbid Obesity on the Outcomes of Type II Endometrial Cancer: a Cohort Study. Indian J Surg Oncol 2022; 13:453-458. [PMID: 36187516 PMCID: PMC9515259 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01503-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has long been associated with endometrial cancer. However, there is a paucity of studies addressing the impact of morbid obesity in type II endometrial cancer on oncologic and surgical outcomes. In this study, the author retrospectively compared morbid to non-morbid obese in clinico-epidemiologic, surgical, and oncologic outcomes. Both groups were comparable as regards all clinico-epidemiologic parameters. Vaginal involvement, survival, and recurrence were also comparable between the 2 groups. Para-aortic adenopathy and treatment with preoperative therapy were the only significant predictors of DFS. Surgery is feasible with equivalent complications and oncologic outcomes in morbidly obese patients with type II endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Gaballa
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University (OCMU), Geehan Street, Mansoura, 35516 Dakahlia Egypt
| | - Islam H. Metwally
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University (OCMU), Geehan Street, Mansoura, 35516 Dakahlia Egypt
| | - Basel Refky
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University (OCMU), Geehan Street, Mansoura, 35516 Dakahlia Egypt
| | - Shadi Awny
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University (OCMU), Geehan Street, Mansoura, 35516 Dakahlia Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelkhalek
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University (OCMU), Geehan Street, Mansoura, 35516 Dakahlia Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hamdy
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncology Center, Mansoura University (OCMU), Geehan Street, Mansoura, 35516 Dakahlia Egypt
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KRAS Mutation in Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Borderline and Malignant Epithelial Tumors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-120754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a common disease among women with the capacity to transform into ovarian neoplasms. KRAS mutation is a keystone in tumor-genesis of many malignant neoplasms. Objectives: In the current study, we investigated KRAS mutations in endometriosis-associated ovarian borderline and malignant epithelial tumors. Methods: The specimens of 42 consecutive patients undergoing a surgical procedure whose final diagnosis comprised endometriosis-associated borderline and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors including 12 borderline epithelial tumors and 30 ovarian epithelial carcinomas were histopathologically reviewed. All cases were evaluated regarding the type of tumor, differentiation and simultaneous presence of endometriosis or atypical endometriosis. DNA extraction from the selected paraffin block was done and mutation of codons 12 and 13 was assessed. Results: Due to the quality of genomic DNA for PCR study was not acceptable in 6 out of 42 cases, among remaining 36 cases, KRAS mutation was observed in 6 cases including 2 cases with mutations in 2nd base of 12th codon (G→T), 3 cases with substitution of G→A in the 2nd base of 12th codon, and one with substitution of G→T in the 1st base of 12th codon. Conclusions: We evaluated the KRAS mutation in the spectrum of ovarian epithelial tumors associated with endometriosis for treatment approaches including targeted therapies. Our results suggested a possible link between KRAS mutation and endometriosis-associated ovarian borderline and malignant tumors but there was no convincing evidence to prove a definite linkage.
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Huang Y, Hou JY, Melamed A, St Clair CM, Khoury-Collado F, Gockley A, Ananth CV, Neugut AI, Hershman DL, Wright JD. Pathologic characteristics, patterns of care, and outcomes of Asian-Americans and Pacific islanders with uterine cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 165:160-168. [PMID: 35183383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the patterns of care and outcomes of Asian-Americans/Pacific Islanders (AAPI) to non-Hispanic White (NHW) women with uterine cancer, and examine differences across Asian country of origin. METHODS National Cancer Database was used to identify AAPI and NHW women with uterine cancer diagnosed from 2004 to 2017. Marginal multivariable log-linear regression models and Cox proportional-hazards models were developed to estimate differences in quality-of-care and all-cause mortality between AAPI and NHW women and across AAPI ethnic groups. RESULTS We identified 13,454 AAPI and 354,693 NHW women. Compared to NHW women, AAPI patients were younger at diagnosis (median age 57 vs. 62 years), had fewer comorbidities, more often had serous or sarcoma histologic subtypes and stage III/IV cancer. AAPI women had a slightly higher rate of receiving pelvic lymphadenectomy for deeply invasive or high-grade tumors (77.6% vs. 74.3%), and a lower rate of undergoing minimally invasive surgery (70.4% vs. 74.8%) for stage I-IIIC tumors. Among patients undergoing hysterectomy, AAPI women had a lower mortality compared with NHW women for cancer stage I/II/III, and a 28% reduction for type I (grade 1 or 2 endometrioid cancers) disease (aHR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.64-0.81). Among AAPI subgroups, Pacific Islanders had the worst survival across different cancer stage and disease type. CONCLUSION AAPI women are diagnosed with uterine cancer at a younger age and have more aggressive histologic subtypes and advanced stage than their White counterparts. They have a similar level of quality-of-care as NHW women, and an improved survival for early stage and type I disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Huang
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - June Y Hou
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Melamed
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Caryn M St Clair
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fady Khoury-Collado
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison Gockley
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cande V Ananth
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Cardiovascular Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dawn L Hershman
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Joseph L. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason D Wright
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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Español P, Luna R, Soler C, Caruana P, Altés-Arranz A, Rodríguez F, Porta O, Sanchez O, Llurba E, Rovira R, Céspedes MV. Neural plasticity of the uterus: New targets for endometrial cancer? WOMEN'S HEALTH (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 18:17455057221095537. [PMID: 35465787 PMCID: PMC9047769 DOI: 10.1177/17455057221095537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological malignancy in Western countries and is expected to increase in the following years because of the high index of obesity in the population. Recently, neural signaling has been recognized as part of the tumor microenvironment, playing an active role in tumor progression and invasion of different solid tumor types. The uterus stands out for the physiological plasticity of its peripheral nerves due to cyclic remodeling brought on by estrogen and progesterone hormones throughout the reproductive cycle. Therefore, a precise understanding of nerve-cancer crosstalk and the contribution of the organ-intrinsic neuroplasticity, mediated by estrogen and progesterone, of the uterine is urgently needed. The development of new and innovative medicines for patients with endometrial cancer would increase their quality of life and health. This review compiles information on the architecture and function of autonomous uterine neural innervations and the influence of hormone-dependent nerves in normal uterus and tumor progression. It also explores new therapeutic possibilities for endometrial cancer using these endocrine and neural advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Español
- Gynecology and Oncology Peritoneal Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rocio Luna
- Gynecology and Oncology Peritoneal Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Soler
- Gynecology and Oncology Peritoneal Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Caruana
- Gynecology and Oncology Peritoneal Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Altés-Arranz
- Gynecology and Oncology Peritoneal Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Gynecology and Oncology Peritoneal Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Porta
- Gynecology and Oncology Peritoneal Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Sanchez
- Women and Perinatal Health Research Group, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Hospital Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Maternal and Child Health and Development Network, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Llurba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Women and Perinatal Health Research Group, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Hospital Sant Pau and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Maternal and Child Health and Development Network, Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Rovira
- Gynecology and Oncology Peritoneal Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- Gynecology and Oncology Peritoneal Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
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Essentiality of Trace Elements in Pregnancy, Fertility, and Gynecologic Cancers-A State-of-the-Art Review. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010185. [PMID: 35011060 PMCID: PMC8746721 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological neoplasms pose a serious threat to women's health. It is estimated that in 2020, there were nearly 1.3 million new cases worldwide, from which almost 50% ended in death. The most commonly diagnosed are cervical and endometrial cancers; when it comes to infertility, it affects ~48.5 million couples worldwide and the number is continually rising. Ageing of the population, environmental factors such as dietary habits, environmental pollutants and increasing prevalence of risk factors may affect the reproductive potential in women. Therefore, in order to identify potential risk factors for these issues, attention has been drawn to trace elements. Trace mineral imbalances can be caused by a variety of causes, starting with hereditary diseases, finishing with an incorrect diet or exposure to polluted air or water. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding trace elements imbalances in the case of gynecologic cancers as well as female fertility and during pregnancy.
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Pharmacological Treatment of Advanced, Persistent or Metastatic Endometrial Cancer: State of the Art and Perspectives of Clinical Research for the Special Issue "Diagnosis and Management of Endometrial Cancer". Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246155. [PMID: 34944775 PMCID: PMC8699529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic or recurrent endometrial cancer (EC) not suitable for surgery and/or radiotherapy are candidates for pharmacological treatment frequently with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The purpose of this paper was to review the results obtained with chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biological agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors in this clinical setting. The combination of carboplatin (CBDCA) + paclitaxel (PTX) is the standard first-line chemotherapy capable of achieving objective response rates (ORRs) of 43-62%, a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 5.3-15 months and a median overall survival (OS) of 13.2-37.0 months, respectively, whereas hormonal therapy is sometimes used in selected patients with slow-growing steroid receptor-positive EC. The combination of endocrine therapy with m-TOR inhibitors or cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors is currently under evaluation. Disappointing ORRs have been associated with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, HER-2 inhibitors and multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors used as single agents, and clinical trials evaluating the addition of bevacizumab to CBDCA + PTX have reported conflicting results. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, and especially pembrolizumab and dostarlimab, have achieved an objective response in 27-47% of highly pretreated patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H)/mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient (-d) EC. In a recent study, the combination of lenvatinib + pembrolizumab produced a 24-week response rate of 38% in patients with highly pretreated EC, ranging from 64% in patients with MSI-H/MMR-d to 36% in those with microsatellite stable/MMR-proficient tumors. Four trials are currently investigating the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors to PTX + CBDCA in primary advanced or recurrent EC, and two trials are comparing pembrolizumab + lenvatinib versus either CBDCA + PTX as a first-line treatment of advanced or recurrent EC or versus single-agent chemotherapy in advanced, recurrent or metastatic EC after one prior platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Chen M, Yang S, Wu Y, Zhao Z, Zhai X, Dong D. High temperature requirement A1 in cancer: biomarker and therapeutic target. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:513. [PMID: 34563186 PMCID: PMC8466973 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As the life expectancy of the population increases worldwide, cancer is becoming a substantial public health problem. Considering its recurrence and mortality rates, most cancer cases are difficult to cure. In recent decades, a large number of studies have been carried out on different cancer types; unfortunately, tumor incidence and mortality have not been effectively improved. At present, early diagnostic biomarkers and accurate therapeutic strategies for cancer are lacking. High temperature requirement A1 (HtrA1) is a trypsin-fold serine protease that is also a chymotrypsin-like protease family member originally discovered in bacteria and later discovered in mammalian systems. HtrA1 gene expression is decreased in diverse cancers, and it may play a role as a tumor suppressor for promoting the death of tumor cells. This work aimed to examine the role of HtrA1 as a cell type-specific diagnostic biomarker or as an internal and external regulatory factor of diverse cancers. The findings of this study will facilitate the development of HtrA1 as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zirui Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China.
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222, Zhongshan Road, Xigang District, 116011, Dalian, China.
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12
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Roque DR, Zhang L, Wysham WZ, Han J, Sun W, Yin Y, Livingston JN, Batchelor KW, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. The Effects of NT-1044, a Novel AMPK Activator, on Endometrial Cancer Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, Cell Stress and In Vivo Tumor Growth. Front Oncol 2021; 11:690435. [PMID: 34422646 PMCID: PMC8377676 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.690435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Anti-diabetic biguanide drugs such as metformin may have anti-tumorigenic effects by behaving as AMPK activators and mTOR inhibitors. Metformin requires organic cation transporters (OCTs) for entry into cells, and NT-1044 is an AMPK activator designed to have greater affinity for two of these transporters, OCT1 and OCT3. We sought to compare the effects of NT-1044 on cell proliferation in human endometrial cancer (EC) cell lines and on tumor growth in an endometrioid EC mouse model. Methods Cell proliferation was assessed in two EC cell lines, ECC-1 and Ishikawa, by MTT assay after exposure to NT-1044 for 72 hours of treatment. Apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC and cleaved caspase 3 assays. Cell cycle progression was evaluated by Cellometer. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using DCFH-DA and JC-1 assays. For the in vivo studies, we utilized the LKB1fl/flp53fl/fl mouse model of endometrioid endometrial cancer. The mice were treated with placebo or NT-1044 or metformin following tumor onset for 4 weeks. Results NT-1044 and metformin significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in both EC cell lines after 72 hours of exposure (IC50 218 μM for Ishikawa; 87 μM for ECC-1 cells). Treatment with NT-1044 resulted in G1 cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis and increased ROS production in both cell lines. NT-1044 increased phosphorylation of AMPK and decreased phosphorylation of S6, a key downstream target of the mTOR pathway. Expression of the cell cycle proteins CDK4, CDK6 and cyclin D1 decreased in a dose-dependent fashion while cellular stress protein expression was induced in both cell lines. As compared to placebo, NT-1044 and metformin inhibited endometrial tumor growth in obese and lean LKB1fl/flp53fl/fl mice. Conclusions NT-1044 suppressed EC cell growth through G1 cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and cellular stress, activation of AMPK and inhibition of the mTOR pathway. In addition, NT-1044 inhibited EC tumor growth in vivo under obese and lean conditions. More work is needed to determine if this novel biguanide will be beneficial in the treatment of women with EC, a disease strongly impacted by obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario R Roque
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Weiya Z Wysham
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jianjun Han
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - James N Livingston
- NovaTarg Therapeutics, First Flight Venture Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ken W Batchelor
- NovaTarg Therapeutics, First Flight Venture Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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13
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Rascio F, Spadaccino F, Rocchetti MT, Castellano G, Stallone G, Netti GS, Ranieri E. The Pathogenic Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway in Cancer Onset and Drug Resistance: An Updated Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3949. [PMID: 34439105 PMCID: PMC8394096 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13163949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT pathway is one of the most frequently over-activated intracellular pathways in several human cancers. This pathway, acting on different downstream target proteins, contributes to the carcinogenesis, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of tumour cells. A multi-level impairment, involving mutation and genetic alteration, aberrant regulation of miRNAs sequences, and abnormal phosphorylation of cascade factors, has been found in multiple cancer types. The deregulation of this pathway counteracts common therapeutic strategies and contributes to multidrug resistance. In this review, we underline the involvement of this pathway in patho-physiological cell survival mechanisms, emphasizing its key role in the development of drug resistance. We also provide an overview of the potential inhibition strategies currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rascio
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Federica Spadaccino
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Rocchetti
- Cell Biology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Advanced Research Center on Kidney Aging (A.R.K.A.), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (F.S.); (G.S.N.); (E.R.)
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14
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Karpova AE, Shabalova IP, Sozaeva LG, Tumgoeva LB. Comprehensive approach to diagnostic cytology in endometrial pathology (review of literature). Klin Lab Diagn 2021; 66:87-94. [PMID: 33734641 DOI: 10.51620/0869-2084-2021-66-2-87-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A cytological examination of uterine cavity material has proven to be the effective method of detecting and clarifying the diagnosis of cancer and non-tumor endometrial diseases. However, sometimes there are difficulties in interpreting the results in a traditional (classical) cytological examination, due to high level of inadequate samples: the presence of mucus, a large number of blood elements, structures of poorly visible cells in the wrong preparation of the smear. At present, the method of liquid cytology, based on the technology of preparation of standard thin-layer cytological preparations from liquid cell suspension, is increasingly developed and widespread. These slides, if necessary, can be used for morphometry, cytochemical, immunocytochemical studies etc. It is also possible to prepare cell blocks from this material, and to obtain information about the histological structure if small pieces of tissue are presented in cytological material, moreover, to use these blocks for immunohistochemical reactions. Material from the uterine cavity may contain tumor cells from ovarian, tubal or other non- endometrial carcinoma, and it is necessary to obtain information about their origin, to verify the morphological diagnosis and to determine the management and treatment of patients, as a lot of problems concerning ovarian and endometrial cancer remains unclear. Examination of aspirates and scrapes from the uterine cavity using advanced molecular techniques, together with existing examination methods, can help to form risk groups for uterine, tubal, ovarian and even peritoneal tumors. The review of literature contains comparative characteristics of different methods and their combinations, which allow improving diagnostics of non-tumor lesions and endometrial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Karpova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| | - I P Shabalova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| | - L G Sozaeva
- Department of Obstetrix and Gynecology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
| | - L B Tumgoeva
- Department of Obstetrix and Gynecology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
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15
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Jo HC, Baek JC, Lee SM, Park JE, Cho IA, Sung JH. Clinicopathological and ultrasound features of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women: a retrospective study in a single institute in South Korea. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:148. [PMID: 33912318 PMCID: PMC8052621 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.148.28101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction endometrial cancer is the most common type of cancer in the female genital tract. Most patients are diagnosed during postmenopausal periods. This study aimed to investigate the demographic characteristics as well as cutoff value of endometrial thickness and ultrasound characteristics of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal patients. Methods we retrospectively analyzed 244 postmenopausal women who underwent endometrial sampling from February 2016 to December 2019. Information of patients was obtained through medical records. The patients were divided into two groups according to histopathological results. Group A included patients with endometrial cancer and group B included patients with non-malignant lesions. Data were summarized based on demographic and ultrasound characteristics. Results hypertension and history of endometrial hyperplasia were associated with the incidence of endometrial cancer in this study. Endometrial cancer was diagnosed in all ranges when the endometrial thickness was ≥5 mm. Endometrial fluid collection, with increased endometrial thickness, was a risk factor associated with endometrial cancer. Conclusion regardless of symptoms and risk factors, endometrial histological confirmation in postmenopausal women should be conducted immediately if endometrial abnormalities such as an endometrial thickness ≥5 mm or endometrial fluid collection are detected by transvaginal ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyen Chul Jo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Baek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - Seon Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
| | - In Ae Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Sung
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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16
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Ge L, Liu G, Hu K, Huang K, Zhang M, Zhou J, Teng F, Cao J, Dai C, Jia X. A New Risk Index Combining d-Dimer, Fibrinogen, HE4, and CA199 Differentiates Suspecting Endometrial Cancer From Patients With Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding or Discharge. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033819901117. [PMID: 32167027 PMCID: PMC7074482 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819901117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish an efficient new risk index for screening patients with endometrial cancer from patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. METHOD A total of 254 patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge were included in this study. Several candidate markers, including HE4, CA125, CA199, CA153, AFP, CEA, d-dimer, and fibrinogen, were employed. A new risk index for endometrial cancer screening was established by binary logistic regression. The diagnostic value of the candidate markers and the new risk index were assessed by a receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS The most valuable diagnostic indicator for endometrial cancer was HE4, followed by d-dimer and then fibrinogen (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve: HE4 = 0.794, d-dimer = 0.717, fibrinogen = 0.690). The new risk index was superior to a single application of markers and a widely used combination (HE4 and CA125). At the ideal cutoff level, the sensitivity and specificity were 91.34% and 70.08%, respectively. In addition, only patients without organic disease served as controls, which further increase its performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.932, sensitivity = 94.49%, and specificity = 77.42%). CONCLUSIONS The new risk index combining HE4, d-dimer, fibrinogen, and CA199 was the ideal combination for the screening of endometrial cancer. As a simple, rapid, nondestructive detection method, the new risk index is worth promotion in clinical practice, especially in primary medical institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Ge
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangquan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang Teng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chencheng Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
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17
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Koyuncu K, Altın D, Turgay B, Varlı B, Konuralp B, Şükür YE, Taşkın S, Ortaç F. Binary grading may be more appropriate for endometrial cancer. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2020; 21:163-170. [PMID: 32885922 PMCID: PMC7495132 DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2019.2019.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the survival consequences of the prognostic factors for endometrial cancer. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 276 patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer who admitted for staging surgery. The extent of the surgery was determined by clinical staging and preoperative evaluation. The pathology specimens were reassessed by a gynecopathologist. Independent risk factors were revealed for the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) utilizing Kaplan-Meier and “Cox” proportional analysis. Results: The median follow up of the patients was 50 months. Of the 29 patients who died, 15 (5.43%) died because of endometrial cancer. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent risk factors for OS and PFS were stage (p=0.002, 0.002, respectively) and grade 3 (G3) histology (p=0.013, 0.015, respectively). Positive peritoneal cytology was an independent risk factor for OS (p=0.024), but not for PFS (p=0.050). Stage (p=0.005) was found to be the only independent risk factor for DSS. Patients with G1 and G2 histology had a similar and more favorable prognosis than patients with G3 histology. Conclusion: Advanced stage, high-grade tumor and the presence of positive peritoneal cytology were ascertained as independent prognostic factors for endometrial cancer. A binary histological grading system could be simpler and as effective as the current three grade system because grade 1 and 2 patients showed similar prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazibe Koyuncu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Duygu Altın
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Turgay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bulut Varlı
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahar Konuralp
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Tepecik Traning and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Emre Şükür
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salih Taşkın
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fırat Ortaç
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Ahmed AA, Adam Essa ME. Epigenetic alterations in female urogenital organs cancer: Premise, properties, and perspectives. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Çakır C, Kılıç İÇ, Yüksel D, Karyal YA, Üreyen I, Boyraz G, Durmuş Y, Gültekin M, Özgül N, Karalök MA, Salman MC, Yüce K, Turan AT. Does tumor size have prognostic value in patients undergoing lymphadenectomy in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer confined to the uterine corpus? Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:1403-1410. [PMID: 31650820 PMCID: PMC7018323 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1902-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim We aimed to define the effect of tumor size on recurrence and survival rates in patients with stage I–II endometrioid-type endometrial cancer. Materials and methods A total of 550 patients who had total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic-paraaortic lymphadenectomy were included. Patients with extrauterine spread, sarcomatous components, or synchronized tumor and those who did not undergo lymphadenectomy or did not have data on tumor size were excluded. Results The median tumor size was 35 mm (range: 3–335 mm). According to the 2009 International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) criteria, 245 cases were defined as stage IA, 271 as stage IB, and 34 as stage II. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 92% and the 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 99%. The effects of prognostic factors on DFS were evaluated. Older age, stage II disease, deep myometrial invasion, and receiving adjuvant radiotherapy were associated with decreased DFS. There was no statistically significant association between tumor size and DFS. The 5-year DFS for patients with a tumor diameter of <35 mm, which was the median tumor size of the entire group, was 94%, while it was 89% for patients having a tumor diameter of >35 mm (P = 0.128). Conclusion Tumor size was not a risk factor predicting recurrence in patients with stage I or II endometrioid-type endometrial cancer who had lymphadenectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Çakır
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Teaching and Research Hospital,University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmet Çiğdem Kılıç
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Teaching and Research Hospital,University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yüksel
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Teaching and Research Hospital,University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yalın Ay Karyal
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Teaching and Research Hospital,University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Işın Üreyen
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Boyraz
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Teaching and Research Hospital,University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasin Durmuş
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Teaching and Research Hospital,University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Gültekin
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nejat Özgül
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Alper Karalök
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Teaching and Research Hospital,University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Coşkun Salman
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kunter Yüce
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Taner Turan
- Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Teaching and Research Hospital,University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Type-II endometrial cancer: role of adipokines. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:239-249. [PMID: 31062150 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05181-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type-II endometrial cancer is an estrogen independent and one of the most lethal types of cancer having poor prognosis. Adipokines play a crucial role in the triggering Type-II EMC. In addition, adipokines modulators, therefore, may have beneficial effects in the treatment of Type-II endometrial cancer, which was clinically evidenced. AREAS COVERED This review presents the role of various adipokines involved and also the suitable modulators to treat Type-II endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION In the present review, we try to discuss the role of individual adipokines in the pathogenesis of Type-II endometrial cancer, and also the possible beneficial effects of adipokines modulator in the treatment of Type-II endometrial cancer.
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21
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Toumpeki C, Liberis A, Tsirkas I, Tsirka T, Kalagasidou S, Inagamova L, Anthoulaki X, Tsatsaris G, Kontomanolis EN. The Role of ARID1A in Endometrial Cancer and the Molecular Pathways Associated With Pathogenesis and Cancer Progression. In Vivo 2019; 33:659-667. [PMID: 31028182 PMCID: PMC6559907 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AT-rich interaction domain 1A gene (ARID1A) encodes for a subunit of the switch/sucrose non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) complex, a chromatin remodeling complex, and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancer types. In this review, we discuss how ARID1A is linked to endometrial cancer and what molecular pathways are affected by mutation or inhibition of ARID1A. We also discuss the potential use of ARID1A not only as a prognostic biomarker, but also as a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisavgi Toumpeki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Anastasios Liberis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsirkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theodora Tsirka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sofia Kalagasidou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bodosakio General Hospital of Ptolemaida, Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - Lola Inagamova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Xanthoula Anthoulaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgios Tsatsaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Emmanuel N Kontomanolis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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22
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Shi X, Wang J, Lei Y, Cong C, Tan D, Zhou X. Research progress on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in gynecological cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4529-4535. [PMID: 30942405 PMCID: PMC6522820 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of multiple cellular physiological processes by activating downstream corresponding effector molecules, which serve an important role in the cell cycle, growth and proliferation. This is a common phenomenon; overactivation of the pathway is present in human malignancies and has been implicated in cancer progression, hence one of the important approaches to the treatment of tumors is rational drug design using molecular targets in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. In brief, the present review analyzed the effects of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway on certain gynecological cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Shi
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Caofan Cong
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Dailin Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
| | - Xianrong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Qianjiang Central Hospital, Qianjiang, Hubei 433100, P.R. China
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23
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Laliscia C, Cosio S, Morganti R, Mazzotti V, Fabrini MG, Paiar F, Gadducci A. Patterns of Failures and Clinical Outcome of Patients with Early-Stage, High-Risk, Node-Negative Endometrial Cancer Treated with Surgery Followed by Adjuvant Platinum-Based Chemotherapy and Vaginal Brachytherapy. Oncology 2019; 96:235-241. [PMID: 30904907 DOI: 10.1159/000492430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical outcome of patients with high-risk early-stage endometrial cancer and negative pelvic nodes who received adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy plus vaginal brachytherapy (VBT). METHODS This investigation assessed 80 patients who underwent hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy for stage Ib-II, grade 2-3 endometrioid (n = 43) or stage Ia-II nonendometrioid (n = 37) endometrial cancer. RESULTS Five-year local control rate, 5-year disease-free survival, and 5-year overall survival were 97, 87, and 97%, respectively, for endometrioid carcinoma, and 66, 50, and 72%, respectively, for nonendometrioid carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS This retrospective study appears to show that adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy plus VBT achieve very good results in endometrioid carcinoma. This combined treatment seems to be less effective in nonendometrioid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Laliscia
- Department of New Technologies and Translational Research, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy,
| | - Stefania Cosio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Morganti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Statistics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Mazzotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Statistics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Fabrini
- Department of New Technologies and Translational Research, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabiola Paiar
- Department of New Technologies and Translational Research, Division of Radiation Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angiolo Gadducci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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24
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Immunohistochemical Profiles of Endometrioid Endometrial Carcinomas With and Without Metastatic Disease. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:173-179. [PMID: 27299188 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A minority of endometrial carcinomas present at an advanced stage with a poor prognosis, and should be identified to individualize treatment. Immunohistochemical markers have been studied, but most have not been directly linked to metastasis. This study analyzes the immunohistochemical profile of endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EECs) with and without metastases, and corresponding metastases. Tissue microarray slides from stage I EECs, stage III-IV EECs, and corresponding metastases were stained and scored for expression of β-catenin, E-cadherin, ER, PR, PTEN, p16, MLH1, PMS2, L1CAM, p53, p21, and MIB1. Scores were compared between primary stage I and III-IV EECs, stage III-IV EECs, and the corresponding metastases, and between intra-abdominal and distant metastases. Primary tumors with distant metastases had a significantly lower ER expression than those without metastases or with intra-abdominal metastases. Distant metastases had a significantly lower PR expression than the corresponding primary tumor and intra-abdominal metastases. In contrast, p16 and PTEN expression was significantly higher in intra-abdominal metastases compared with corresponding primary tumors. Immunohistochemistry predicts both presence and location of EEC metastases. Loss of ER and PR was related to distant spread, and increased expression of PTEN and p16 was related to intra-abdominal spread. Additional research should assess the use of these markers in the diagnostic workup as well as the possibility to target metastases through these markers.
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25
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Zou X, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Li J, Zhu C, Cheng Q, Zhou J, Chen Y. Association between MDM2 SNP309 and endometrial cancer risk: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13273. [PMID: 30544386 PMCID: PMC6310604 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murine double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) plays an important role in the downregulation of P53 tumor suppressor gene. MDM2 inhibits P53 transcriptional activity and thereby results in accelerated tumor formation. Overexpression of MDM2 has been found in several cancer types including endometrial cancer. SNP309 is located in the promoter region of MDM2 and contributes to the overexpression of MDM2. The association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and endometrial cancer risk has been investigated in several studies; however, the conclusion remains controversial. OBJECTIVES We performed the present meta-analysis to give a comprehensive conclusion of the association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism and endometrial cancer susceptibility. METHODS We conducted a literature research on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, OVID, Web of Science, Wan Fang, CNKI, and CQVIP databases up to July 31, 2018. Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies. We evaluated the strength of association by combining odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in 5 different genetic models under a fixed-effect model or random-effect model. We further conducted subgroup analysis by ethnicity, source of control, histological type, clinical type, grade, and stage of tumor. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also performed. RESULTS Nine eligible studies were finally included in our meta-analysis. We found MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism increased the risk of endometrial cancer under allele model (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.41, P = .005), homozygote model (OR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.13-1.81, P = .003) and recessive model (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17-2.04, P = .002). Subgroup analysis suggested a similar elevated risk in both Asians and Caucasians. We identified a strong association of enhanced susceptibility to endometrial cancer in endometrioid group (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.28-3.54, P = .004) and Type I group (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.25-2.86, P = .002) under dominant model. We identified no significant publication bias according to Egger's test. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggested that MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism increased the risk of endometrial cancer significantly, especially in endometrioid and Type I endometrial cancer, indicating MDM2 could serve as a potential diagnostic factor marker for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Jiaxi Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou City, Jiangsu, PR China
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26
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Niskakoski A, Pasanen A, Lassus H, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Kaur S, Mecklin JP, Bützow R, Peltomäki P. Molecular changes preceding endometrial and ovarian cancer: a study of consecutive endometrial specimens from Lynch syndrome surveillance. Mod Pathol 2018; 31:1291-1301. [PMID: 29588532 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-018-0044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular alterations preceding endometrial and ovarian cancer and the sequence of events are unknown. Consecutive specimens from lifelong surveillance for Lynch syndrome provides a natural setting to address such questions. To molecularly define the multistep gynecological tumorigenesis, DNA mismatch repair gene mutation carriers with endometrial or ovarian carcinoma or endometrial hyperplasia were identified from a nation-wide registry and endometrial biopsy specimens taken from these individuals during 20 years of screening were collected. A total of 213 endometrial and ovarian specimens from Lynch syndrome individuals and 197 histology-matched (non-serous) samples from sporadic cases were available for this investigation. The specimens were profiled for markers linked to endometrial and ovarian tumorigenesis, including ARID1A protein expression, mismatch repair status, and tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation. In Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial and ovarian carcinomas, ARID1A protein was lost in 61-100% and mismatch repair was deficient in 97-100%, compared to 0-17% and 14-44% in sporadic cases (P = 0.000). ARID1A loss appeared in complex hyperplasia and deficient mismatch repair and tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation in histologically normal endometrium. Despite quantitative differences between Lynch syndrome and sporadic cases, ARID1A expression, mismatch repair, and tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation divided endometrial samples from both patient groups into three categories of increasing abnormality, comprising normal endometrium and simple hyperplasia (I), complex hyperplasia with or without atypia (II), and endometrial cancer (III). Complex hyperplasias without vs. with atypia were molecularly indistinguishable. In conclusion, surveillance specimens from Lynch syndrome identify mismatch repair deficiency, tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation, and ARID1A loss as early changes in tumor development. Our findings are clinically relevant for the classification of endometrial hyperplasias and have potential implications in cancer prevention in Lynch syndrome and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Niskakoski
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Annukka Pasanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini Lassus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Sippy Kaur
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery and Education & Science, Central Finland Health Care District, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä University, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Peltomäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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27
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Suhaimi SS, Ab Mutalib NS, Khor SS, Zain RRM, Syafruddin SE, Abu N, Mohd Dali AZH, Jamal R. Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Identifies Actionable Targets in Estrogen Receptor Positive and Estrogen Receptor Negative Endometriod Endometrial Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:750. [PMID: 30057548 PMCID: PMC6053487 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) is the commonest form of endometrial cancer and can be divided into estrogen receptor (ER) positive and negative subtypes. The mutational profiles of EEC have been shown to aid in tailoring treatment; however, little is known about the differences between the gene mutation profiles between these two subtypes. This study aims to investigate the gene mutation profile in ER positive and negative EEC, and to further elucidate the role of WHSC1 mutations in this cancer. EEC and normal endometrial tissues were obtained from 29 patients and subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) using Ion Ampliseq Comprehensive Cancer PanelTM targeting 409 cancer related. A total of 741 non-synonymous alterations were identified from 272 genes in ER positive subtype while 448 non-synonymous variants were identified from 221 genes in ER negative subtype. PTEN is the most frequently altered gene in ER positive subtype (64%, 7/11) while ARID1A is the most frequently altered gene in ER negative subtype (50%, 4/8). We also identified alterations in ERRB3 (36%, 4/11), GNAS (36%, 4/11), and WHSC1 (27%, 3/11) in the ER positive subtype. WHSC1 R1126H and L1268P were shown to significantly increase cell viability, proliferation, migration, and survival. In addition, reduction in ER expression sensitized EEC-1 cell with WHSC1 L1268P mutant to Fulvestrant treatment. We revealed the mutational spectra of ER positive and ER negative EEC that could lead to better understanding of the biological mechanisms of endometrial cancer and may ultimately result in improvement of treatment options and patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Syazani Suhaimi
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Reena Rahayu Md Zain
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Effendi Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Zailani Hatta Mohd Dali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Wang H, Wang TT, Lv XP. Expression and prognostic value of miRNA-29b in peripheral blood for endometrial cancer. Future Oncol 2018; 14:1365-1376. [PMID: 29848072 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We explored the role of miR-29b expression in endometrial cancer (EC) progression and patient prognosis. MATERIALS & METHODS Patients with primary or metastatic EC (n = 356), patients with endometrial benign tumors (n = 149) and healthy female subjects (n = 155) were collected. We assessed the diagnostic value of miR-29b expression for EC using a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS The miR-29b expressions were lower in patients with primary or metastatic EC. Using miR-29b expression to diagnose EC produced 0.976 area under the curve, 96.1% sensitivity and 97.9% specificity. Cox proportional hazard regression model verified a low miR-29b expression and is an unfavorable prognostic indicator for EC. CONCLUSION We conclude that downregulated miR-29b expression correlates with poor EC prognosis and is helpful to evaluate the EC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, PR China
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, PR China
| | - Xiu-Ping Lv
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261031, PR China
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29
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Niskakoski A, Pasanen A, Porkka N, Eldfors S, Lassus H, Renkonen-Sinisalo L, Kaur S, Mecklin JP, Bützow R, Peltomäki P. Converging endometrial and ovarian tumorigenesis in Lynch syndrome: Shared origin of synchronous carcinomas. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 150:92-98. [PMID: 29716739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.04.566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The diagnosis of carcinoma in both the uterus and the ovary simultaneously is not uncommon and raises the question of synchronous primaries vs. metastatic disease. Targeted sequencing of sporadic synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas has shown that such tumors are clonally related and thus represent metastatic disease from one site to the other. Our purpose was to investigate whether or not the same applies to Lynch syndrome (LS), in which synchronous cancers of the gynecological tract are twice as frequent as in sporadic cases, reflecting inherited defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR). METHODS MMR gene mutation carriers with endometrial or ovarian carcinoma or endometrial hyperplasia were identified from a nationwide registry. Endometrial (n = 35) and ovarian carcinomas (n = 23), including 13 synchronous carcinoma pairs, were collected as well as endometrial hyperplasias (n = 56) and normal endometria (n = 99) from a surveillance program over two decades. All samples were studied for MMR status, ARID1A and L1CAM protein expression and tumor suppressor gene promoter methylation, and synchronous carcinomas additionally for somatic mutation profiles of 578 cancer-relevant genes. RESULTS Synchronous carcinomas were molecularly concordant in all cases. Prior or concurrent complex (but not simple) endometrial hyperplasias showed a high degree of concordance with endometrial or ovarian carcinoma as the endpoint lesion. CONCLUSIONS Our investigation suggests shared origins for synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas in LS, in analogy to sporadic cases. The similar degrees of concordance between complex hyperplasias and endometrial vs. ovarian carcinoma highlight converging pathways for endometrial and ovarian tumorigenesis overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Niskakoski
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Annukka Pasanen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Noora Porkka
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Eldfors
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heini Lassus
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | | | - Sippy Kaur
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Mecklin
- Department of Surgery and Education & Science, Central Finland Health Care District, Finland; Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä University, Finland
| | - Ralf Bützow
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUSLAB, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Finland
| | - Päivi Peltomäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Zhuo Z, Yu H. miR-205 inhibits cell growth by targeting AKT-mTOR signaling in progesterone-resistant endometrial cancer Ishikawa cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28042-28051. [PMID: 28427207 PMCID: PMC5438629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE miR-205 is significantly up-regulated in endometrioid adenocarcinoma. In this study, the significant anticancer effect of a miR-205 inhibitor was investigated in both endometrial carcinoma and progesterone-resistant endometrial carcinoma cells. RESULTS Compared with Ishikawa endometrial cancer cells, miR-205 was expressed at higher levels in a progesterone-resistant (PR) sub-cell line. Inhibition of miR-205 suppressed the growth of cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the miR-205 inhibitor induced a marked increase in the percentage of Ishikawa-PR cells in G2/M phases and a decrease in the percentage of cells in G0/G1 and S phases. In addition, miR-205 inhibitor-treated tumor cells exhibited increased apoptosis. Moreover, miR-205 was found to negatively regulate PTEN expression and lead to autophagy and activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway in PR cells, and PTEN protein levels significantly decreased with development of progesterone resistance in endometrial cancer cells. Western blot assay showed up-regulated autophagy, as indicated by expression of LC3-II/LC3-I and beclin1, in Ishikawa cells; in particular, autophagy was markedly induced in PR cells treated with the miR-205 inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS We measured and analyzed cell growth curves with and without miR-205 inhibition with the MTT assay, miR-205 expression by qRT-PCR, cell cycle and apoptosis using annexin V/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry, and autophagy, apoptosis, and AKT-mTOR signaling by western blotting. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of miR-205, which targets the AKT-mTOR pathway, in endometrial cancer cells provides a potential, new treatment for PR endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Zhuo
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, 315010 Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, 315010 Ningbo, People's Republic of China
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31
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Clear Cell Carcinoma of the Endometrium: Evaluation of Prognostic Parameters in a Multi-institutional Cohort of 165 Cases. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:1714-1721. [PMID: 28945214 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clear cell carcinoma (CCC) comprises a rare yet an aggressive subtype, accounting for less than 5% of all uterine carcinomas. Several clinicopathologic features have been predictive of poor prognosis; however, data remain controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic features of a multi-institutional cohort of endometrial CCC in order to identify which, if any, have prognostic significance. METHODS Retrospective review of endometrial CCC diagnosed between 1995 and 2012 at 3 institutions was conducted to evaluate clinicopathologic parameters: age, race, tumor size, stage, myometrial invasion (MI), lymphovascular invasion, lymph node and adnexal involvement, adjuvant therapy, and outcomes. Data were analyzed using Fisher exact, Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier analyses. RESULTS Patients' ages ranged from 36 to 90 years (median, 67 years). The median tumor size was 3.6 cm. Inner-half MI was present in 44%, lymphovascular invasion in 34%, adnexal involvement in 16%, and lymph node metastasis in 30% of cases. Fifty-eight percent of the patients presented with early-stage disease. The 5-year overall survival (OS) was 58%. Shorter disease-free interval (DFI) was significantly associated with older age at diagnosis (>70 years), advanced-stage disease, adnexal involvement, and deep MI (P = 0.005, P = 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). Patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly worse DFI and 5-year OS (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). A significantly shorter 5-year OS was noted with advanced stage (III-IV) and presence of adnexal involvement (P = 0.001 and P = 0.021, respectively). On Cox regression analysis, advanced-stage disease, older age, and adnexal involvement were significant independent predictors of worse DFI (P = 0.001, P = 0.005, and P = 0.019, respectively), whereas inner-half MI was a significant independent predictor of longer DFI (P = 0.004). Adjuvant radiotherapy alone was a significant independent predictor of better 5-year OS (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS In our series of endometrial CCC, older age at diagnosis, advanced stage, deep MI, and adnexal involvement were independent poor prognostic factors. Adjuvant radiotherapy had a significant positive impact on 5-year OS.
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Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S18-2 is highly expressed in endometrial cancers along with free E2F1. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22150-8. [PMID: 26959119 PMCID: PMC5008351 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most frequent causes of cancer death among women in developed countries. Histopathological diagnosis and imaging techniques for EC are limited, thus new prognostic markers are needed to offer patients the best treatment and follow-up.In the present paper we showed that the level of mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPS18-2 (S18-2) increased in EC compared with the normal endometrium and hyperplasia, based on a study of 42 patient biopsies. Importantly, high expression of free E2F1 in EC correlates well with high S18-2 expression. The EC cell line HEC-1-A, which overexpresses S18-2 constitutively, showed an increased proliferation capacity in vitro and in vivo (in SCID mice). Moreover, pan-keratin, beta-catenin and E-cadherin signals are diminished in these cells, compared to the parental HEC-1-A line, in contrast to vimentin signal that is increased. This may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition (EMT).We conclude that high expression of S18-2 and free E2F1, and low pan-keratin, beta-catenin, and E-cadherin signals might be a good set of prognostic markers for EC.
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Espinosa I, D'Angelo E, Corominas M, Gonzalez A, Prat J. Mixed endometrial carcinomas with a "low-grade serous"-like component: a clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study. Hum Pathol 2017; 71:65-73. [PMID: 29079180 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we reported 2 mixed endometrioid endometrial carcinomas with a "low-grade serous"-like component, which does not fit into any of the 4 molecular groups described by The Cancer Genome Atlas. To understand the nature of these tumors, we have done an immunohistochemical and molecular genetic study of these 2 cases and added a third case. Immunoreactivity for p53, ER, Ki67, WT1, MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6 was assessed. Targeted next-generation sequencing for somatic mutations, including genes commonly implicated in carcinogenesis including TP53, KRAS, and PIK3CA, and Sanger sequencing for PTEN and POLE were also performed. All patients were nulliparous and had morbid obesity. Their tumors showed a micropapillary component that resembled that of ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma and merged with villoglandular endometrioid carcinoma. The invasive tumor glands exhibited a microcystic, elongated, or fragmented pattern and contained psammoma bodies. Two tumors showed aberrant p53 expression, and all 3 were positive for ER. All showed KRAS mutations, and TP53 mutations were found in 2 cases. One patient developed peritoneal carcinomatosis, one patient is alive with disease, and another died of a brain tumor. The third patient, whose tumor was confined to the uterus (stage IA), is alive without evidence of disease, but she has been followed for only 6 months. Mixed endometrial carcinomas with a "low-grade" serous-like component exhibit a morphologic spectrum of endometrioid and serous differentiation with microcystic, elongated, or fragmented features; ER expression; KRAS and TP53 mutations; and aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Espinosa
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emanuela D'Angelo
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Corominas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaime Prat
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB Sant Pau), Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
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Eritja N, Yeramian A, Chen BJ, Llobet-Navas D, Ortega E, Colas E, Abal M, Dolcet X, Reventos J, Matias-Guiu X. Endometrial Carcinoma: Specific Targeted Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 943:149-207. [PMID: 27910068 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43139-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the western world with more than 280,000 cases per year worldwide. Prognosis for EC at early stages, when primary surgical resection is the most common initial treatment, is excellent. Five-year survival rate is around 70 %.Several molecular alterations have been described in the different types of EC. They occur in genes involved in important signaling pathways. In this chapter, we will review the most relevant altered pathways in EC, including PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK, Tyrosine kinase, WNT/β-Catenin, cell cycle, and TGF-β signaling pathways. At the end of the chapter, the most significant clinical trials will be briefly discussed.This information is important to identify specific targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Eritja
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Andree Yeramian
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Bo-Juen Chen
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - David Llobet-Navas
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Eugenia Ortega
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eva Colas
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Abal
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Translational Medical Oncology, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Xavier Dolcet
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Jaume Reventos
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- Research Unit in Biomedicine and Translational and Pediatric Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
- GEICEN Research Group, Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics and Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, University of Lleida, IRBLLEIDA, Av Rovira Roure, 80, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling Identifies The Role of the RNA Editing Pathway in Endometrial Carcinogenesis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8803. [PMID: 28821813 PMCID: PMC5562852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09169-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) remains the most common malignancy of the genital tract among women in developed countries. Although much research has been performed at genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic level, there is still a significant gap in the metabolomic studies of EC. In order to gain insights into altered metabolic pathways in the onset and progression of EC carcinogenesis, we used high resolution mass spectrometry to characterize the metabolomic and lipidomic profile of 39 human EC and 17 healthy endometrial tissue samples. Several pathways including lipids, Kynurenine pathway, endocannabinoids signaling pathway and the RNA editing pathway were found to be dysregulated in EC. The dysregulation of the RNA editing pathway was further investigated in an independent set of 183 human EC tissues and matched controls, using orthogonal approaches. We found that ADAR2 is overexpressed in EC and that the increase in expression positively correlates with the aggressiveness of the tumor. Furthermore, silencing of ADAR2 in three EC cell lines resulted in a decreased proliferation rate, increased apoptosis, and reduced migration capabilities in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that ADAR2 functions as an oncogene in endometrial carcinogenesis and could be a potential target for improving EC treatment strategies.
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Mixed and Ambiguous Endometrial Carcinomas: A Heterogenous Group of Tumors With Different Clinicopathologic and Molecular Genetic Features. Am J Surg Pathol 2017; 40:972-81. [PMID: 26975040 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000000640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Besides endometrioid, serous, and clear cell carcinomas, there are endometrial carcinomas exhibiting mixed and ambiguous morphologic features. We have analyzed the immunophenotype (p53, p16, β-catenin, ER, HNF-1B, MLH1, and Ki-67) and mutational status (PTEN, KRAS, PIK3CA, and POLE) of 7 mixed carcinomas and 13 ambiguous carcinomas, all of them classified initially as mixed carcinomas. Only 2 of the 7 (28%) mixed carcinomas showed different immunophenotypes in different components. All but 2 tumors (5/7, 71%) overexpressed p53 and p16 and were negative for ER. Both carcinomas (2/7, 28%) showed a prominent micropapillary component that resembled an ovarian low-grade serous carcinoma and merged with villoglandular endometrioid carcinoma. The ambiguous carcinomas exhibited glandular architecture, high nuclear grade, and overlapping features of endometrioid and serous carcinomas. All tumors overexpressed p53 and p16, and the majority of cases (12/13, 92%) were negative for ER. KRAS mutations were identified in 3 of 7 (42%) mixed carcinomas, including the 2 cases with a "low-grade" serous-like component. PIK3CA mutations occurred in 2 (2/13, 15%) ambiguous carcinomas and PTEN mutations in 1 (1/7, 14%) mixed and 1 (1/13, 8%) ambiguous carcinoma. POLE exonuclease domain mutations were encountered in a case of mixed undifferentiated and well-differentiated (dedifferentiated) carcinoma. Two of the 7 (29%) mixed endometrial carcinomas and 5 of the 13 (38%) ambiguous carcinomas had extended beyond the pelvis (stages III and IV). Two of the 7 (29%) patients with mixed endometrial carcinoma and 6 of 12 (50%) patients with ambiguous endometrial carcinoma were alive with disease or had died of tumor. Our results show that, biologically, many so-called mixed carcinomas represent serous carcinomas with ambiguous morphology. Our series include 2 true mixed endometrial carcinomas with a "low-grade serous"-like component, microcystic, elongated, or fragmented features, KRAS mutations, and aggressive behavior.
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Liu H, Zhang L, Zhang X, Cui Z. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway promotes progestin resistance in endometrial cancer cells by inhibition of autophagy. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2865-2871. [PMID: 28652768 PMCID: PMC5476755 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s95267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is now one of the most common malignant tumors in young women. In all, 90% of young patients with EC have a high expression of progesterone recep tor, can be treated with progestin, and have very good prognosis. However, some of the young EC patients are resistant to progestin, the mechanism of which is unclear. To illuminate the mechanism by which endometrial cells acquire progestin resistance, we treated Ishikawa cells by slowly increasing dosage of progestin and established a progestin-resistant cell subline. We show here that progesterone resistant cells acquire increased proliferation rate and interestingly decreased autophagy. To uncover the mechanism by which cells increase proliferation and bypass autophagy, we found higher activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was necessary to this malignant acquirement by RNAi technique. Further, we elucidated that activation of mTOR was sufficient and necessary for progestin resistance. RAD001, an inhibitor of mTOR, decreased phosphorylation of mTOR and inhibited proliferation of progestin-resistant cancer cells by promoting autophagy. Thus, our results indicated that mTOR can be a target to treat the progestin-resistant EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao.,Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyan Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhumei Cui
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao
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Thomas A, Chandy R, Sebastian A, Thomas V, Peedicayil A, Rebekah G, Ram TS, Das S, Kumar RM. Surgical Outcomes and Patterns of Recurrence in Endometrial Cancers. J Gynecol Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/gyn.2016.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Thomas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rachel Chandy
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajit Sebastian
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vinotha Thomas
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abraham Peedicayil
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thomas S. Ram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramani Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Tzur T, Kessous R, Weintraub AY. Current strategies in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2017; 296:5-14. [PMID: 28508342 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-017-4391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in developed countries. There are no uniform recommendations for endometrial cancer screening in the general population. Therefore, it is of paramount importance that the primary physician profoundly understands, and is familiar with the methods for prevention and early detection of endometrial cancer. The aim of this review is to provide the primary physician with a toolbox to reach these goals. METHODS We performed a systemic review to summarize the current strategies to diagnose and prevent endometrial cancer. Many published articles from the last years were identified and included. RESULTS A systematic review that summarizes the important subjects in the diagnosis and prevention of endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION Maintaining a high index of suspicion and obtaining endometrial biopsies from all suspected patients is the key for achieving a timely diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Tzur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Roi Kessous
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, Segal Cancer Center, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Adi Y Weintraub
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
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Chen H, Fan Y, Xu W, Chen J, Meng Y, Fang D, Wang J. Exploration of miR-1202 and miR-196a in human endometrial cancer based on high throughout gene screening analysis. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3493-3501. [PMID: 28440476 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered microRNA (miRNA) expression has been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, and particularly cancer. The present study examined the involvement of various miRNAs in the pathophysiology of endometrial cancer (EC) and atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH). We performed a high-throughput analysis of the miRNAs (miRNA microarray) found in samples of endometrial tissue obtained from 45 patients; among whom, 15 patients were diagnosed with EC, 15 patients were diagnosed with AEH, and the remainder were healthy donors. Next, we selected several miRNAs which exhibited at least a 2-fold difference in expression with a P<0.05 to validate these changes in 3 independent in vitro experiments that used real-time PCR analysis. Finally, miR-1202 and miR-196a were selected as target molecules whose effects on cell apoptosis, cell cycle changes, cell migratory and invasive abilities were investigated using flow cytometric and Transwell assays, respectively, after pre-treatment in vitro. After analyzing 125 miRNAs in a microarray assay, 6 miRNAs (3-high and 3-low expression) were further evaluated via paired comparison in all 3 groups. The validation test revealed a positive correlation between the microarray results and a high level of miR-1202 and a low level of miR-196a in the EC group, when compared with the AEH group. All of the data were normalized with data obtained from normal control donors. We found that either miR-1202 silencing or miR-196a overexpression affected AN3CA and HEC-1-A cells by increasing their apoptosis level and inducing G1 phase arrest while decreasing their migratory and invasive abilities. Inhibitors of miR-1202 and mimics of miR‑196a may exert a protective effect, suggesting that miR-1202 and miR‑196a may serve as biomarkers for evaluating the effectiveness of EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xu
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Junying Chen
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yugang Meng
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Di Fang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jingran Wang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Sirohi VK, Popli P, Sankhwar P, Kaushal JB, Gupta K, Manohar M, Dwivedi A. Curcumin exhibits anti-tumor effect and attenuates cellular migration via Slit-2 mediated down-regulation of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 44:60-70. [PMID: 28402926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although curcumin shows anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities in various cancers, the effect of curcumin on cellular migration in endometrial adenocarcinoma cells remains to be understood. The current investigation was aimed to explore the anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects of curcumin and its mechanism of action in endometrial cancer cells. Our in-vitro and in-vivo experimental studies showed that curcumin inhibited the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells and suppressed the tumor growth in Ishikawa xenograft mouse model. Curcumin induced ROS-mediated apoptosis in endometrial cancer cells. Curcumin suppressed the migration rate of Ishikawa and Hec-1B cells as analyzed by scratch wound assay. In transwell migration studies, knock down of Slit-2 reversed the anti-migratory effect of curcumin in these cell lines. Curcumin significantly up-regulated the expression of Slit-2 in Ishikawa, Hec-1B and primary endometrial cancer cells while it down-regulated the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and CXCR4 which in turn, suppressed the expression of matrix metallopeptidases (MMP) 2 and 9, thus attenuating the migration of endometrial cancer cells. In summary, we have demonstrated that curcumin has inhibitory effect on cellular migration via Slit-2 mediated down-regulation of CXCR4, SDF-1, and MMP2/MMP9 in endometrial carcinoma cells. These findings helped explore the role of Slit-2 in endometrial cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Sirohi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India
| | - Pooja Popli
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India
| | - Pushplata Sankhwar
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India
| | - Jyoti Bala Kaushal
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India
| | - Kanchan Gupta
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India
| | - Murli Manohar
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India
| | - Anila Dwivedi
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, U.P., India.
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Influence of Body Mass Index on Tumor Pathology and Survival in Uterine Cancer: A Danish Register Study. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2017; 27:281-288. [DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on endometrial tumor pathology, stage and complication rate and to identify individual prognostic factors, such as BMI, in types I and II endometrial cancer.DesignRegister study included all Danish women who underwent surgery for uterine cancer or atypical endometrial hyperplasia (International Classification of Diseases-10 codes D070, DC549) 2005 to 2012 (n = 6003).Main Outcome MeasuresImpact of BMI on type I and II endometrial cancer survival.Materials and MethodsDanish Gynecological Cancer Database data on women with type I and II endometrial cancer were retrieved. Kaplan-Meier plot was used to illustrate differences in survival in relation to BMI. Log-rank test was used to demonstrate difference between the curves. Cox regression hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of the effect of BMI on overall survival.ResultsFour thousand three hundred thirty women were included. Women with type I cancer had a significantly better overall survival compared with those with type II cancer. Low BMI was associated with increased mortality in type I (HR, 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–3.55), whereas in type II both low (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.03–2.74) and high BMI (BMI, 30–35: HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.01–2.26 and BMI >40: HR, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.12–4.11) were significantly associated with increased mortality.ConclusionAbnormal BMI is associated with increased mortality in subtypes of endometrial cancer. Underweight was associated with increased overall mortality in both types I and II, whereas obesity only disclosed a significant impact on overall mortality in type II.
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Asyikeen WAWN, Siti-Azrin AH, Jalil NAC, Zin AAM, Othman NH. Median Survival Time of Endometrial Cancer Patients with Lymphovascular Invasion at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2016; 23:44-51. [PMID: 28090178 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2016.23.6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer is the most common gynaecologic malignancy among females worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the median survival time of endometrial cancer patients at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). METHODS A list of 121 endometrial cancer cases registered at Hospital USM between 2000 until 2011 was retrospectively reviewed. The survival time of the endometrial cancer patients was estimated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Log-rank tests were performed to compare the survival of the patients based on socio-demographics and clinical presentation. RESULTS Only 108 patients, 87.0%, were included who were of Malay ethnicity. Previous history included menopause in 67.6% of patients and diabetes mellitus in 39.8% of patients; additionally, 63.4% of patients were nulliparous. Tumour staging was as follows: 24.5% stage I, 10.8% stage II, 26.5% stage III and 38.2% stage IV. The overall median survival time of the endometrial cancer patients was 70.20 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 51.79, 88.61). The significant factors were age, the presence of lymphovascular invasion and treatment received. CONCLUSION The overall survival of endometrial cancer was low. A prospective study needs to be carried out to discover more effective and accurate tests for the early detection of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Adnan Wan Nor Asyikeen
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ab Hamid Siti-Azrin
- Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Asyilla Che Jalil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Anani Aila Mat Zin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hayati Othman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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The significance of markers in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2016; 15:176-185. [PMID: 27980530 PMCID: PMC5137482 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2016.63500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers experienced by women throughout the world. It is also the most common malignancy within the female reproductive system, representing 37.7% of all disorders. The incidence increases with age, and is diagnosed most frequently in women between 45 and 65 years old. In the last few years, numerous studies have been performed to identify tumour biomarkers. Biomarkers include not only protein routinely used as tumour markers but also genes and chromosomes. The limiting factor in the use of markers in the diagnosis of endometrial cancer is their lack of specificity. However, specific markers for endometrial cancer are the subject of much research attention. Although moderately elevated levels of markers are present in a number of inflammatory or non-malignant diseases, significantly increased levels of markers indicate the development of cancer. Recently, research has been focused on the identification of molecular changes leading to different histological subtypes of endometrial cancer. In this paper the authors reviewed several currently investigated markers. Progress in these investigations is very important in the diagnostics and treatment of endometrial cancer. In particular, the identification of novel mutations and molecular profiles should enhance our ability to personalise adjuvant treatment with genome-guided targeted therapy.
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Wilczynski M, Danielska J, Dzieniecka M, Szymanska B, Wojciechowski M, Malinowski A. Prognostic and Clinical Significance of miRNA-205 in Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164687. [PMID: 27737015 PMCID: PMC5063284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the reproductive female tract, with endometrioid endometrial cancer being the most frequent type. Despite the relatively favourable prognosis in cases of endometrial cancer, there is a necessity to evaluate clinical and prognostic utility of new molecular markers. MiRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that take part in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Altered expression of miRNAs may be associated with cancer initiation, progression and metastatic capabilities. MiRNA-205 seems to be one of the key regulators of gene expression in endometrial cancer. In this study, we investigated clinical and prognostic role of miRNA-205 in endometrioid endometrial cancer. After total RNA extraction from 100 archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to define miRNA-205 expression levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate miRNA-205 expression levels in regard to patients' clinical and histopathological features, such as: survival rate, recurrence rate, staging, myometrial invasion, grading and lymph nodes involvement. Higher levels of miRNA-205 expression were observed in tumours with less than half of myometrial invasion and non-advanced cancers. Kaplan-Maier analysis revealed that higher levels of miRNA-205 were associated with better overall survival (p = 0,034). These results indicate potential clinical utility of miRNA-205 as a prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milosz Wilczynski
- Department of Operative Gynecology, Endoscopy and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Monika Dzieniecka
- Department of Pathology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bozena Szymanska
- The Central Laboratory of Medical University in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Michal Wojciechowski
- Department of Operative Gynecology, Endoscopy and Gynecologic Oncology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Malinowski
- Department of Surgical and Endoscopic Gynecology, Medical University in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Impact of histology and surgical approach on survival among women with early-stage, high-grade uterine cancer: An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group ancillary analysis. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 143:460-465. [PMID: 27743738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to analyze the clinicopathologic features, recurrence patterns and survival outcomes of women with high-grade uterine cancer (UC) enrolled on The Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) LAP2 trial. METHODS This is a post-hoc analysis of LAP-2 patients with grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma (ENDO), uterine serous (USC), clear cell (CC) and carcinosarcoma (CS). Demographics, clinicopathologic features, and recurrence patterns, were compared by histology and surgical approach. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Of the 2600 patients enrolled in LAP-2, 753 patients had high-grade UC: 350 had ENDO, 289 had USC, 42 had CC and 72 had CS. Compared with the ENDO cohort, those with other high-grade subtypes were older (p<0.001) and were more likely to have positive peritoneal cytology (p<0.001), positive lymph nodes (p=0.05) and higher disease stage on final pathology (p<0.001). With a median follow-up time of 60months, compared to patients with ENDO, those with USC, CCC and CS subtypes had higher recurrence rates (p<0.001), extra-pelvic recurrences (p<0.001) and poorer PFS (p<0.001) and OS (p<0.001). Those diagnosed with USC and CS experienced the worst survival outcomes (p=0.003). Patterns of recurrence and survival were not different in those staged with LSC vs LAP. On multivariable analysis, age, stage, pelvic washings and Type II histology were independently and adversely associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS Women with apparent early-stage, USC and CS histologies have poorer outcomes than women with grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Patterns of recurrence and survival were not impacted by surgical approach.
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An update of the classical Bokhman's dualistic model of endometrial cancer. MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2016; 15:63-8. [PMID: 27582678 PMCID: PMC4993978 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2016.61186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
According to the classical dualistic model introduced by Bokhman in 1983, endometrial cancer (EC) is divided into two basic types. The prototypical histological type for type I and type II of EC is endometrioid carcinoma and serous carcinoma, respectively. The traditional classification is based on clinical, endocrine and histopathological features, however, it sometimes does not reflect the full heterogeneity of EC. New molecular evidence, supported by clinical diversity of the cancer, indicates that the classical dualistic model is valid only to some extent. The review updates a mutational diversity of EC, introducing a new molecular classification of the tumour in regard to data presented by The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network (TGCA).
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Metformin targeting autophagy overcomes progesterone resistance in endometrial carcinoma. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2016; 294:1055-1061. [PMID: 27402506 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-016-4148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metformin is the most prescribed anti-diabetic medication worldwide because of its proven efficacy and limited side effects. In this study, the significant anticancer effect of metformin was investigated in both endometrial carcinoma and progesterone-resistant endometrial carcinoma cells. METHODS We tested the growth inhibition assay using MTT cell proliferation, cell cycle assay, apoptosis assessment with flow cytometry using propidium iodide and Annexin V, and autophagy protein expression with western blot analysis. RESULTS Metformin inhibited the growth of cancer cells with different concentrations in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, the inhibition properties observed as a function of increased concentrations of metformin were markedly augmented when the medication was administered in the progesterone-resistant Ishikawa cells, even with a dose as low as 10 mM. The early and late phases of apoptosis were enhanced in the metformin-treated tumour cells that were analyzed. For the Ishikawa cells, the expression of p-AMPK, LC-3, and beclin1 was upregulated after treatment, whereas the AMPK levels were not modulated. Furthermore, for the Ishikawa-PR cells, the protein levels were similarly upregulated. Finally, we observed that the three proteins showed much more variability in Ishikawa-PR cells than in Ishikawa cells. CONCLUSION The application of metformin to target autophagy in endometrial cancer cells provides a new potential treatment for progesterone-resistant endometrial carcinoma.
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Kafshdooz L, Kafshdooz T, Tabrizi AD, Mohaddes Ardabili SM, Akbarzadeh A, Gharesouran J, Ghojazadeh M, Farajnia S. Role of exon 7 PTEN Gene in Endometrial Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4521-4. [PMID: 26107197 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.11.4521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the female genital tract and the fourth most common cancer in Iranian women after breast, colorectal and lung cancers. Various genetic alterations appear to be early events in the pathogenesis of endometrial carcinoma and it seems that PTEN is the most commonly mutated gene in the endometrioid subtype. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between mutations in exon 7 of PTEN gene and endometrial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-five patients with endometrial carcinoma and 75 females whose underwent hysterectomy for non tumoral indication were selected for evaluation of PTEN mutations in exon 7 by PCR-SSCP and sequencing. Correlations between the frequency and type of mutation and the pathologic findings of the cancer (tumor subtype, stage and grade) were assessed. RESULTS All of the samples were obtained from Iranian patients. 60 % (45 cases) of the tumors were endometriod and 40% (30 cases) were of serous type. The grade distributions of the 75 cases according to the FIGO staging system were as follows: low grade, 20 cases; high grade 55 cases, low stage, 41 cases; high stage 34 cases. For exon 7 of the PTEN gene, the analysis showed that there were no mutations in our cases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings in the present study suggest that exon 7 of PTEN does not play any significant role in the development of endometrial carcinoma in Iranian cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kafshdooz
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail : ,
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