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Metin B, Heitman J. She Loves Me, She Loves Me Not: On the Dualistic Asexual/Sexual Nature of Dermatophyte Fungi. Mycopathologia 2019; 185:87-101. [PMID: 31578669 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytes are ascomycetous fungi whose sexuality is greatly influenced by their ecology. Sexual reproduction is ubiquitous among soil-related geophiles and some animal-associated zoophiles. In contrast, anthropophiles are generally present as a single mating type in the population and appear to reproduce asexually. In this article, the current knowledge on the sexuality of dermatophytes including reproduction modes, mating conditions, mating type distributions and the mating type (MAT) locus is presented in the context of revised taxonomy and discussed from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Metin
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali Cad, No: 2, Halkali, Kucukcekmece, 34303, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Joseph Heitman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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2
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Goettel MS, Sigler L, Carmichael JW. Studies on the Mosquito Pathogenic Hyphomycete Culicinomyces Clavisporus. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1984.12023891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Goettel
- Department of Entomology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3
| | - Lynne Sigler
- University of Alberta Mold Herbarium and Culture Collection, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
| | - J. W. Carmichael
- University of Alberta Mold Herbarium and Culture Collection, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2H7
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3
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Sigler L, Frances SP, Panter C. Culicinomyces Bisporalis, A New Entomopathogenic Hyphomycete from Larvae of the Mosquito Aedes Kochi. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1987.12025415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Sigler
- University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - S. P. Frances
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - C. Panter
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Kuhlman EG, Carmichael JW, Miller T. Scytalidium Uredinicola, A New Mycoparasite of Cronartium Fusiforme on Pinus. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1976.12020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. G. Kuhlman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - J. W. Carmichael
- University of Alberta Mold Herbarium and Culture Collection, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7
| | - T. Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Athens, Georgia 30601
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Sigler
- University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - C. J. K. Wang
- Faculty of Environmental and Forest Biology, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210
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Inglis GD, Sigler L, Goettel MS. Trichosporonoides Megachiliensis, A New Hyphomycete Associated with Alfalfa Leafcutter Bees, With Notes onTrichosporonoidesandMoniliella. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1992.12026177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Douglas Inglis
- University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lynne Sigler
- University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goettel
- Agriculture Canada Research Station, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
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Egger KN, Sigler L. Relatedness of the Ericoid Endophytes Scytalidium Vaccinii and Hymenoscyphus Ericae Inferred from Analysis of Ribosomal DNA. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1992.12026271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith N. Egger
- Department of Biology, Memorial University, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Lynne Sigler
- University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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Lockhart SR, Pham CD, Gade L, Iqbal N, Scheel CM, Cleveland AA, Whitney AM, Noble-Wang J, Chiller TM, Park BJ, Litvintseva AP, Brandt ME. Preliminary laboratory report of fungal infections associated with contaminated methylprednisolone injections. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 51:2654-61. [PMID: 23761142 PMCID: PMC3719655 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01000-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In September 2012, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated an outbreak investigation of fungal infections linked to injection of contaminated methylprednisolone acetate (MPA). Between 2 October 2012 and 14 February 2013, the CDC laboratory received 799 fungal isolates or human specimens, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), synovial fluid, and abscess tissue, from 469 case patients in 19 states. A novel broad-range PCR assay and DNA sequencing were used to evaluate these specimens. Although Aspergillus fumigatus was recovered from the index case, Exserohilum rostratum was the primary pathogen in this outbreak and was also confirmed from unopened MPA vials. Exserohilum rostratum was detected or confirmed in 191 specimens or isolates from 150 case patients, primarily from Michigan (n=67 patients), Tennessee (n=26), Virginia (n=20), and Indiana (n=16). Positive specimens from Michigan were primarily abscess tissues, while positive specimens from Tennessee, Virginia, and Indiana were primarily CSF. E. rostratum antifungal susceptibility MIC50 and MIC90 values were determined for voriconazole (1 and 2 μg/ml, respectively), itraconazole (0.5 and 1 μg/ml), posaconazole (0.5 and 1 μg/ml), isavuconazole (4 and 4 μg/ml), and amphotericin B (0.25 and 0.5 μg/ml). Thirteen other mold species were identified among case patients, and four other fungal genera were isolated from the implicated MPA vials. The clinical significance of these other fungal species remains under investigation. The laboratory response provided significant support to case confirmation, enabled linkage between clinical isolates and injected vials of MPA, and described significant features of the fungal agents involved in this large multistate outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn R Lockhart
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, National Center for Emerging, Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Aho R. Mycological Studies on Zoophilic Dermatophyte Isolates of Finnish and Swedish Origin: Mykologische Untersuchungen an zoophilen Dermatophytenstämmen finnischer und schwedischer Herkunft. Mycoses 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.1988.tb04420.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Large-scale studies performed outside the United States have demonstrated that most cases of onychomycosis and tinea pedis are caused by dermatophytes, primarily Trichophyton rubrum. However, other studies have suggested that yeasts and nondermatophytic molds may play a role, particularly in onychomycosis. OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to determine the epidemiology of superficial fungal infections in a U.S. population. METHODS Fungal cultures were performed on patients with clinically suspected tinea cruris, tinea corporis, tinea capitis, tinea pedis, and onychomycosis. RESULTS Dermatophytes were the most commonly isolated fungi in each type of superficial fungal disease studied. T. rubrum was the most commonly isolated dermatophyte species, although Trichophyton tonsurans was more common in tinea capitis and equally common in tinea corporis/tinea cruris. In tinea pedis and onychomycosis, dermatophytes appeared in approximately 95% and 82% of isolates, respectively. Candida albicans and nondermatophyte molds played only a minor role in onychomycosis; C. albicans was isolated in 7% of nail cultures and nondermatophytic molds were isolated in 11%. CONCLUSION These results are in general agreement with other major epidemiologic studies performed outside the United States. Dermatophyte fungi cause most superficial fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Kemna
- Center for Medical Mycology, University Hospitals of Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ranganathan S, Balajee SA, Menon T. Mating patterns of dermatophytes of diverse origin in India. Mycopathologia 1996; 136:91-4. [PMID: 9208476 DOI: 10.1007/bf00437501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mating patterns of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (74 isolates) and the Microsporum gypseum complex (17 isolates) of diverse origin and T. rubrum (25 isolates) and T. tonsurans (10 isolates) of clinical origin were studied. The results of the study showed that the teleomorph of the Indian isolates of T. mentagrophytes belong to Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii, undetermined teleomorphs of T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (+) mating types, and undetermined teleomorphs of T. mentagrophytes var. interdigitale indeterminate mating types. All the isolates of T. rubrum and T. tonsurans were found to be of the (-) mating type.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ranganathan
- Department of Microbiology, Dr. ALM PGIBMS. Taramani, Madras, India
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Sigler L, de la Maza LM, Tan G, Egger KN, Sherburne RK. Diagnostic difficulties caused by a nonclamped Schizophyllum commune isolate in a case of fungus ball of the lung. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:1979-83. [PMID: 7559933 PMCID: PMC228320 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.8.1979-1983.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of clamp connections on hyphae and the development of fruiting bodies in culture are primary characters which allow identification of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune in cases of human infection. The diagnostic problems presented by a nonclamped, nonfruiting isolate from a dense mass in the right upper lobe of the lung in a female with a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes are described. Several features of the isolated fungus, including rapid growth rate and white, dense, cottony colonies, tolerance to the fungicide benomyl at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, and susceptibility to cycloheximide at 400 micrograms/ml, suggested that it might be a basidiomycete. Transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of a dolipore septum with perforate pore cap characteristic of fungi in the class Holobasidiomycetes. However, species identification remained elusive until compatibility tests with known single-basidiospore isolates confirmed the identification of the sterile lung isolate as S. commune. Sequence analysis of the 5' internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA further supported conspecificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sigler
- University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Canada
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Sigler L, Abbott S, Woodgyer A. New records of nail and skin infection due toOnychocola canadensisand description of its teleomorphArachnomyces nodosetosussp. nov. Med Mycol 1994. [DOI: 10.1080/02681219480000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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14
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Hutchison LJ, Sigler L, Hiratsuka Y. Hyphozyma lignicola sp. nov., a yeast-like hyphomycete from black galls and cankers of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/s0953-7562(09)80208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smith JM, Aho R, Mattsson R, Pier AC. Progress in veterinary mycology. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY : BI-MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL MYCOLOGY 1992; 30 Suppl 1:307-16. [PMID: 1474456 DOI: 10.1080/02681219280000991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Smith
- Department of Microbiology, University of Otago Medical School, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Abstract
A 39-year-old male, originally from Antigua, West Indies, presented with a 12-year history of swelling of the left foot. A pathogen could not be recovered in cultures of three surgical biopsy specimens. During follow-up, pus and grains were expressed from a draining sinus tract and Cylindrocarpon destructans grew in pure culture. Retrospective examination of histologic sections of tissue removed during the third biopsy demonstrated a grain characteristic of eumycotic mycetoma. Although the fungus was susceptible to amphotericin B and ketoconazole in vitro, the patient refused treatment, and the clinical course over almost 19 years has been one of slow but progressive bone destruction. The fungus was identified by its microconidial morphology, the presence of chlamydospores, and an intense brown diffusible pigment. It was compared with another poorly known agent of white grain mycetoma, Phialophora cyanescens, characterized by phialidic conidia, chlamydospores in aggregations, and an intense diffusing pigment. The new combination Cylindrocarpon cyanescens (de Vries et al.) Sigler comb. nov. is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Zoutman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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Sigler L, Harris JL, Dixon DM, Flis AL, Salkin IF, Kemna M, Duncan RA. Microbiology and potential virulence of Sporothrix cyanescens, a fungus rarely isolated from blood and skin. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:1009-15. [PMID: 2351719 PMCID: PMC267855 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.28.5.1009-1015.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix cyanescens has been recovered from blood and a finger lesion at several medical centers in the United States. The morphology and physiology of these and three additional isolates were studied. S. cyanescens was distinguished from S. schenckii and S. fungorum by white to lavender colonial pigmentation and from S. schenckii also by the formation of secondary conidia. All isolates of S. cyanescens grew well at 37 degrees C, were cycloheximide susceptible, strongly urease positive, and benomyl resistant, failed to hydrolyze starch, and were inhibited by sodium chloride in vitro at a concentration of greater than or equal to 12%. Study of S. cyanescens in a murine model by using intravenous inoculation failed to demonstrate an invasive pathogenic potential. The validity of the transfer of S. cyanescens to the new genus Cerinosterus Moore is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sigler
- University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Canada
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Currah RS, Hambleton S, Smreciu A. MYCORRHIZAE AND MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI OF CALYPSO BULBOSA. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 1988; 75:739-752. [PMID: 30139083 DOI: 10.1002/j.1537-2197.1988.tb13495.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/1987] [Accepted: 07/27/1987] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal development and fungal endophytes of the mycorrhizal roots of Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes were studied using fresh collections from Alberta and herbarium specimens from six herbaria. Typically, a single pair of mycorrhizal roots are produced at the base of a single corm each growing season. No evidence was found to support the putative existence of a coralloid rhizome in this species. The pattern of fungal infection, peloton formation, and breakdown is similar to other nonsaprophytic, terrestrial orchids. The endophytic fungi of a single mycorrhizal root can belong to a number of different fungal taxa. Fungi isolated and described include Rhizoctonia anaticula Currah, Thanatephorus pennatus Currah, Leptodontidium orchidicola Sigler and Currah, Phialocephala fortinii Wang and Wilcox, and two unnamed isolates of Rhizoctonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Currah
- Devonian Botanic Garden, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - S Hambleton
- Devonian Botanic Garden, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - A Smreciu
- Devonian Botanic Garden, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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Goettel MS. Pathogenesis of the hyphomycete Tolypocladium cylindrosporum in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. J Invertebr Pathol 1988; 51:259-74. [PMID: 3373005 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2011(88)90033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Aho R. Mycological studies onMicrosporum equinumisolated in Finland, Sweden and Norway. Med Mycol 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/02681218780000591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Takatori K, Hasegawa A. Mating experiment of Microsporum canis and M. equinum isolated from animals with Nannizzia otae. Mycopathologia 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00437278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Frelier P, Sigler L, Nelson P. Mycotic pneumonia caused byFusarium moniliformein an alligator. Med Mycol 1985. [DOI: 10.1080/00362178585380581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Hironaga M, Nozaki K, Watanabe S. Ascocarp production by Nannizzia otae on keratinous and non-keratinous agar media and mating behavior of N. otae and 123 Japanese isolates of Microsporum canis. Mycopathologia 1980; 72:135-41. [PMID: 7464901 DOI: 10.1007/bf00572655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Weitzman I, McMillen S. Isolation in the United States of a culture resembling M. praecox. Mycopathologia 1980; 70:181-6. [PMID: 7374747 DOI: 10.1007/bf00443029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A Microsporum culture isolated in the United States, from a clinical case of tinea corporis, was noted to have microscopic features resembling Rivalier's description of Microsporum (Sabouraudites) praecox (11). This unusual finding prompted further taxonomic studies, the results of which suggest that the new isolate may be either the first strain of Microsporum praecox (or a variety thereof) to be isolated in North America or, possibly, a new species.
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Howard D, Dabrowa N. Mutants of Arthroderma benhamiae. Med Mycol 1979. [DOI: 10.1080/00362177985380051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Abstract
One hundred and ninety-eight isolates of Microsporum canis, obtained from humans and animals in 12 countries, were paired with the two Japanese tester strains of Nannizzia otae (= M. canis), VUT 74037 (CDC B-2094+) and VUT 74039 (CDC B-2095-). One hundred and forty-one (72%) produced either gymnothecia or pseudogymnothecia in crosses with VUT 74037. Fifty-seven (28%) were nonreactive. None of the paired isolates reacted with VUT 74039. The number of nonreactive isolates decreased to 17% when 104 of the 198 isolates were paired with one additional tester strain of each mating type. All sexually reacting strains, however, belonged to the (-) mating type. Crosses between nonreactive isolates did not result in ascocarp formation. The F1 generations from three different strongly reactive crosses were all characterized by poor ascospore germination. Most of the monoascospore progeny that germinated to form mature colonies were nonreactive in crosses to determine their mating type. Others reacted predominantly as the (+) mating type, thereby precluding the likelihood of an associated lethal factor accounting for the lack of this mating type in our clinical isolates. Several explanations for this phenomenon are presented.
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Sekhon AS. Effects of age on fresh weight, proteins, peroxidases, and other enzymes of the +, -, and crossed gymnothecial cultures of Nannizzia gypsea. Mycopathologia 1977; 60:145-9. [PMID: 865597 DOI: 10.1007/bf00448406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cultures of the + (UAMH 1485) and - (UAMH 1486) mating types of Nannizzia gypsea and their crosses (1485 x 1486) were analyzed, after 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks growth, for fresh weight, proteins, peroxidases, esterases, acid- and alkaline-phosphatases. The + type produced slightly more growth at all periods (90, 131, 131, and 129 mg/plate) than the - mating type (90, 123, 121, and 108 mg/plate). The growth of the crosses was much less (30, 88, 83, and 94 mg/plate). Total soluble proteins per gram fresh weight was greater for the crosses (51, 33, 48, and 63 mg) than for the + (19, 32, 34, and 32 mg) and - (20, 33, 33, and 33 mg) strains. Disc-gel electrophoretic analyses revealed 6-9 protein bands in each of the mating types, and 7-8 bands (protein) in crosses, several of which showed mobility and stain uptake differences. There were 1-2 peroxidase bands in the +, -, and crosses; their patterns were generally the same in 1-week-old cultures, but slight differences were found at the subsequent harvests. The number of esterases in the +, -, and crosses was 3-4 and 2-3, respectively, but their patterns were similar. Acid- and alkaline-phosphatases of the + and -, and crosses were quite similar to one another. For all the enzymes studied, the number of bands increased after the first harvest in crosses, but in the single strains there was no constant pattern.
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Abstract
Nineteen isolates of Ctenomyces serratus including three pairs of tester strains were crossed in all possible combinations on diluted Pablum cereal agar with added salts, oatmeal salts agar-Medium E, and soil and hair medium. Out of 190 crosses, 18 were fertile and the remaining 172 were sterile. Of the 19 isolates, seven were '-' mating type, 11 were '+' mating type, and one (UAMH 1959) was non-fertile with the other isolates. The high degree of non-fertile crosses among the 19 isolates shows that the use of mating reactions for the identification of conidial isolates of C. serratus may not be a practical tool, unless a large number of isolates belonging to both the mating types are employed. The production of exudate droplets in the fertile crosses seemed to be correlated with the degree of mating response. Ascocarp morphology corresponded closely to that of a cleistothecium, because of the completely closed nature. Ascospores were quite alike in their size, but they differed in shape, depending on their orientation.
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Farley J, Jersild R, Niederpruem D. Ultrastructural aspects of ascosporulation inArthroderma quadrifidum (=Trichophyton terrestre). Med Mycol 1976. [DOI: 10.1080/00362177685190491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Dujardin L, Biguet J, Lacoste L. [Growth and sexual reproduction of the dermatophyte Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii Takashio (Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Robin blanchard) on a synthetic medium]. Mycopathologia 1975; 57:113-20. [PMID: 1239664 DOI: 10.1007/bf01365713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic medium without agar is proposed for the growth and the sexual reprpduction of the dermatophyte Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (Trichophyton mentagrophytes). The determinations of mycelium dry weight showed that this species grew poorly with only one amino-acid as nitrogen source. A. vanbreuseghemii grew weakly on a mixture of glutamic and aspartic acid and serin. A small amount of aromatic amino-acids added to this mixture, increased the growth rate comparable to that obtained on peptone. The sexual reproduction was induced on synthetic medium with a propicious balance between carbon and nitrogen sources. Addition of 0.5 or 1g/1 of glucose to 50 mg N/1 supplied by the amino-acids mixture (including the aromatics) gave the optimal ratio. Using these conditions, many cleistothecia was produced by crossing two semi-compatible strains.
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Sekhon A, Padhye A, Carmichael J. Disc-gel electrophoresis of + and - strains and of gymnothecial cultures ofArthroderma tuberculatum. Med Mycol 1974. [DOI: 10.1080/00362177485380031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Sekhon AS, Padhye AA, Carmichael JW. Mating reactions in Arthroderma tuberculatum. SABOURAUDIA 1973; 11:283-6. [PMID: 4765985 DOI: 10.1080/00362177385190581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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