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Portincasa P, Di Ciaula A, Bonfrate L, Stella A, Garruti G, Lamont JT. Metabolic dysfunction-associated gallstone disease: expecting more from critical care manifestations. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1897-1918. [PMID: 37455265 PMCID: PMC10543156 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
About 20% of adults worldwide have gallstones which are solid conglomerates in the biliary tree made of cholesterol monohydrate crystals, mucin, calcium bilirubinate, and protein aggregates. About 20% of gallstone patients will definitively develop gallstone disease, a condition which consists of gallstone-related symptoms and/or complications requiring medical therapy, endoscopic procedures, and/or cholecystectomy. Gallstones represent one of the most prevalent digestive disorders in Western countries and patients with gallstone disease are one of the largest categories admitted to European hospitals. About 80% of gallstones in Western countries are made of cholesterol due to disturbed cholesterol homeostasis which involves the liver, the gallbladder and the intestine on a genetic background. The incidence of cholesterol gallstones is dramatically increasing in parallel with the global epidemic of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, expansion of visceral adiposity, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. In this context, gallstones can be largely considered a metabolic dysfunction-associated gallstone disease, a condition prone to specific and systemic preventive measures. In this review we discuss the key pathogenic and clinical aspects of gallstones, as the main clinical consequences of metabolic dysfunction-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, p.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy.
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, p.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, p.zza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DIMEPRE-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Preventive and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePrev-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - John Thomas Lamont
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Thunnissen FM, Comes DJ, Geenen RWF, Riviere D, Latenstein CSS, Lantinga MA, Schers HJ, van Laarhoven CJHM, Drenth JPH, Atsma F, de Reuver PR. Patients with Clinically Suspected Gallstone Disease: A More Selective Ultrasound May Improve Treatment Related Outcomes. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4162. [PMID: 37373855 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12124162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the confirmation of gallstones on ultrasound (US) in patients with suspicion of gallstone disease. To aid general practitioners (GPs) in diagnostic workup, a model to predict gallstones was developed. A prospective cohort study was conducted in two Dutch general hospitals. Patients (≥18 years) were eligible for inclusion when referred by GPs for US with suspicion of gallstones. The primary outcome was the confirmation of gallstones on US. A multivariable regression model was developed to predict the presence of gallstones. In total, 177 patients were referred with a clinical suspicion of gallstones. Gallstones were found in 64 of 177 patients (36.2%). Patients with gallstones reported higher pain scores (VAS 8.0 vs. 6.0, p < 0.001), less frequent pain (21.9% vs. 54.9%, p < 0.001), and more often met criteria for biliary colic (62.5% vs. 44.2%, p = 0.023). Predictors for the presence of gallstones were a higher pain score, frequency of pain less than weekly, biliary colic, and an absence of heartburn. The model showed good discrimination between patients with and without gallstones (C-statistic 0.73, range: 0.68-0.76). Clinical diagnosis of symptomatic gallstone disease is challenging. The model developed in this study may aid in the selection of patients for referral and improve treatment related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floris M Thunnissen
- Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Comes
- Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Remy W F Geenen
- Department of Radiology, Northwest Clinics, 1815 JD Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Deniece Riviere
- Department of Radiology, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 5223 GZ 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen S S Latenstein
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marten A Lantinga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Schers
- Department of General Practice, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J H M van Laarhoven
- Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Atsma
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip R de Reuver
- Department of Surgery, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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The Symptomatic Outcomes of Cholecystectomy for Gallstones. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051897. [PMID: 36902684 PMCID: PMC10004100 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholecystectomy is the definite treatment for symptomatic gallstones, and rates are rapidly rising. Symptomatic complicated gallstones are generally treated with cholecystectomy, but there is no consensus on the clinical selection of patients with symptomatic uncomplicated gallstones for cholecystectomy. The aim of this review is to describe symptomatic outcomes before versus after cholecystectomy in patients with symptomatic gallstones as reported in prospective clinical studies and to discuss patient selection for cholecystectomy. Following cholecystectomy, resolution of biliary pain is high and reported for 66-100%. Dyspepsia has an intermediate resolution of 41-91% and may co-exist with biliary pain but may also develop following cholecystectomy with an increase of 150%. Diarrhea has a high increase and debuts in 14-17%. Persisting symptoms are mainly determined by preoperative dyspepsia, functional disorders, atypical pain locations, longer duration of symptoms, and poor psychological or physical health. Patient satisfaction following cholecystectomy is high and may reflect symptom alleviation or a change in symptoms. Comparison of symptomatic outcomes in available prospective clinical studies is limited by variations in preoperative symptoms, clinical presentations, and clinical management of post-cholecystectomy symptoms. When selecting patients with biliary pain only in a randomized controlled trial, 30-40% still have persisting pain. Strategies for the selection of patients with symptomatic uncomplicated gallstones based on symptoms alone are exhausted. For the development of a selection strategy, future studies should explore the impact of objective determinants for symptomatic gallstones on pain relief following cholecystectomy.
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Black CJ, Paine PA, Agrawal A, Aziz I, Eugenicos MP, Houghton LA, Hungin P, Overshott R, Vasant DH, Rudd S, Winning RC, Corsetti M, Ford AC. British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of functional dyspepsia. Gut 2022; 71:1697-1723. [PMID: 35798375 PMCID: PMC9380508 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disorder of gut-brain interaction, affecting approximately 7% of individuals in the community, with most patients managed in primary care. The last British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guideline for the management of dyspepsia was published in 1996. In the interim, substantial advances have been made in understanding the complex pathophysiology of FD, and there has been a considerable amount of new evidence published concerning its diagnosis and classification, with the advent of the Rome IV criteria, and management. The primary aim of this guideline, commissioned by the BSG, is to review and summarise the current evidence to inform and guide clinical practice, by providing a practical framework for evidence-based diagnosis and treatment of patients. The approach to investigating the patient presenting with dyspepsia is discussed, and efficacy of drugs in FD summarised based on evidence derived from a comprehensive search of the medical literature, which was used to inform an update of a series of pairwise and network meta-analyses. Specific recommendations have been made according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. These provide both the strength of the recommendations and the overall quality of evidence. Finally, in this guideline, we consider novel treatments that are in development, as well as highlighting areas of unmet need and priorities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Black
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter A Paine
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Gastroenterology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Anurag Agrawal
- Doncaster and Bassetlaw Hospitals NHS Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | - Imran Aziz
- Academic Unit of Gastroenterology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Infection, Immunity, and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maria P Eugenicos
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lesley A Houghton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Pali Hungin
- Primary Care and General Practice, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, UK
| | - Ross Overshott
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dipesh H Vasant
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Gastroenterology, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sheryl Rudd
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard C Winning
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham and Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alexander C Ford
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Latenstein CSS, de Reuver PR. Tailoring diagnosis and treatment in symptomatic gallstone disease. Br J Surg 2022; 109:832-838. [PMID: 35640901 PMCID: PMC10364709 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of consensus in selecting patients who do or do not benefit from surgery when patients present with abdominal pain and gallbladder stones are present. This review aimed to give an overview of results from recent trials and available literature to improve treatment decisions in patients with uncomplicated cholecystolithiasis. METHODS First, an overview of different symptom criteria for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with uncomplicated cholecystolithiasis is given, based on national and international guidelines. Second, treatment outcomes (absence of biliary colic, pain-free state, biliary and surgical complications) are summarized, with data from three clinical trials. Finally, personal advice for treatment decisions in patients with uncomplicated cholecystolithiasis is provided, based on recent trials, the available literature, and expert opinion. RESULTS This review describes different guidelines and criteria sets for uncomplicated cholecystolithiasis, provides an overview of outcomes after cholecystectomy, and advises on treatment decisions in patients with abdominal pain and gallbladder stones. After cholecystectomy, biliary colic is resolved in 95 per cent of patients. However, non-specific abdominal pain persists in 40 per cent. Irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia significantly increase the risk of persistent pain. Age, previous abdominal surgery, baseline pain score on a visual analogue scale, pain characteristics, nausea, and heartburn are part of the SUCCESS criteria, and are associated with clinically relevant pain reduction after gallbladder removal. CONCLUSION The surgical community can now give more personalized advice on surgery to improve care for patients with abdominal pain and uncomplicated cholecystolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip R de Reuver
- Correspondence to: Philip R. de Reuver, Department of Surgery, RadboudUMC, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, the Netherlands (e-mail: )
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Thunnissen FM, Drager LD, Braak B, Drenth JPH, van Laarhoven CJHM, Schers HJ, de Reuver PR. Healthcare utilisation of patients with cholecystolithiasis in primary care: a multipractice comparative analysis. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053188. [PMID: 34732495 PMCID: PMC8572399 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine general practitioners' (GP) management of cholecystolithiasis and to evaluate persisting abdominal complaints in the years after the diagnosis. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of registry data and a subset of individual medical records. SETTING Seventeen primary care practices affiliated with the Radboudumc Practice Based Research Network in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS 633 patients with cholecystolithiasis diagnosed between 2012 and 2016. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome of this study was the healthcare utilisation of patients with cholecystolithiasis diagnosed by the GP in terms of referrals to secondary care, laboratory diagnostics, prescribed medication and the prevalence of concomitant abdominal-related diagnoses in a time interval of 3 years before and 3 years after diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis. For secondary outcomes, electronic medical records were studied from seven practices to assess emergency department visits, operation rates and repeat visits for persistent abdominal symptoms. We compared the non-referred group with the referred group. RESULTS In 57% of patients, concomitant abdominal-related diagnoses were recorded besides the diagnosis cholecystolithiasis. In-depth analyses of 294 patients showed a referral rate of 79.3% (n=233); 62.9% (n=185) underwent cholecystectomy. After referral, 55.4% (129/233) returned to the GP for persistent abdominal symptoms. Patients returning after referral were more often treated for another abdominal-related diagnosis before cholecystolithiasis was recorded (51.9% vs 28.8%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients in general practice with gallstones are referred and undergo cholecystectomy. Patients with concomitant abdominal-related diagnoses are likely to return to their physician. GPs should inform patients about these outcomes to improve the shared decision-making process before gallbladder surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Breg Braak
- Primary and Community Care, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Henk J Schers
- Primary and Community Care, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wauters L, Dickman R, Drug V, Mulak A, Serra J, Enck P, Tack J, Accarino A, Barbara G, Bor S, Coffin B, Corsetti M, De Schepper H, Dumitrascu D, Farmer A, Gourcerol G, Hauser G, Hausken T, Karamanolis G, Keszthelyi D, Malagelada C, Milosavljevic T, Muris J, O'Morain C, Papathanasopoulos A, Pohl D, Rumyantseva D, Sarnelli G, Savarino E, Schol J, Sheptulin A, Smet A, Stengel A, Storonova O, Storr M, Törnblom H, Vanuytsel T, Velosa M, Waluga M, Zarate N, Zerbib F. United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14238. [PMID: 34586707 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common conditions in clinical practice. In spite of its prevalence, FD is associated with major uncertainties in terms of its definition, underlying pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. METHODS A Delphi consensus was initiated with 41 experts from 22 European countries who conducted a literature summary and voting process on 87 statements. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Consensus (defined as >80% agreement) was reached for 36 statements. RESULTS The panel agreed with the definition in terms of its cardinal symptoms (early satiation, postprandial fullness, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning), its subdivision into epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome, and the presence of accessory symptoms (upper abdominal bloating, nausea, belching), and overlapping conditions. Also, well accepted are the female predominance of FD, its impact on quality of life and health costs, and acute gastrointestinal infections, and anxiety as risk factors. In terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, the consensus supports a role for impaired gastric accommodation, delayed gastric emptying, hypersensitivity to gastric distention, Helicobacter pylori infection, and altered central processing of signals from the gastroduodenal region. There is consensus that endoscopy is mandatory for establishing a firm diagnosis of FD, but that in primary care, patients without alarm symptoms or risk factors can be managed without endoscopy. There is consensus that H. pylori status should be determined in every patient with dyspeptic symptoms and H. pylori positive patients should receive eradication therapy. Also, proton pump inhibitor therapy is considered an effective therapy for FD, but no other treatment approach reached a consensus. The long-term prognosis and life expectancy are favorable. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES A multinational group of European experts summarized the current state of consensus on the definition, diagnosis and management of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wauters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ram Dickman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikwa, Israel
| | - Vasile Drug
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr T Popa Iasi and University Hospital St Spiridon, Iasi, Romania
| | - Agata Mulak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jordi Serra
- University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Badalona, Spain
| | - Paul Enck
- Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Anna Accarino
- CIBERehd and Departament de Medicina, Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serhat Bor
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Benoit Coffin
- Université de Paris and AP-HP Hôpital Louis Mourier, Paris, France
| | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Heiko De Schepper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dan Dumitrascu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adam Farmer
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Goran Hauser
- Medical Faculty Rijeka, University of Rijeka and Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Department of Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - George Karamanolis
- Gastroentrology Unit, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin Malagelada
- CIBERehd and Departament de Medicina, Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jean Muris
- Department of General Practice, Caphri Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Colm O'Morain
- Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and National Clinical Lead for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal College Physicians Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Daniel Pohl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Rumyantseva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Departmento of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jolien Schol
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arkady Sheptulin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and InflA-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Internal Medicine VI, University Hospital Tübingen, and Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center of Endoscopy, Starnberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Storonova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin Storr
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marek Waluga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Zarate
- Gastrointestinal Physiology Unit, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Frank Zerbib
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Medico-chirurgical Magellan, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque and Gastroenterology Department, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM CIC, Bordeaux, France
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Montenegro A, Andújar X, Fernández-Bañares F, Esteve M, Loras C. Usefulness of endoscopic ultrasound in patients with minilithiasis and/or biliary sludge as a cause of symptoms of probable biliary origin after cholecystectomy. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2021; 45:91-98. [PMID: 34023476 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a more sensitive technique than transabdominal ultrasound for the diagnosis of gallstones. This greater sensitivity, especially in the diagnosis of microlithiasis/biliary sludge, facilitates the indication of cholecystectomy in patients with symptoms of probable biliary origin but may result in over-indication of this surgery. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the role of EUS in the diagnosis of minilithiasis/biliary sludge in patients with digestive symptoms of probable biliary origin by resolving the symptoms after cholecystectomy. Analyse factors related to the remission of symptoms following cholecystectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective, longitudinal, single-centre study based on a prospective database of 1.121 patients undergoing EUS. Seventy-four patients were identified as meeting inclusion-exclusion criteria (diagnosed with minilithiasis/sludge by EUS after presenting digestive symptoms of probable biliary origin without a history of complicated cholelithiasis). A telephone questionnaire for symptoms was conducted with cholecystectomized patients. Factors related to a good response were analysed with logistic regression analysis. RESULTS Of the 74 patients, 50 were cholecystectomized (67.5%), mean age 49 years (SEM 2.26) (41 women). Seventy percent of patients (35/50) presented remission of symptoms with median follow-up 353.5 days (95% CI, 270-632.2). The only variable associated with remission of symptoms was the presence of typical biliary colic with an OR of 7.8 (95% CI, 1.8-34; p=0.006). No complications associated with EUS were recorded. One patient (2%) suffered haemoperitoneum and 18% (9/50) suffered diarrhoea following cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS EUS is a very useful technique for the indication of cholecystectomy in patients with minilithiasis/sludge and typical symptoms of biliary colic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Montenegro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrrassa, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Andújar
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrrassa, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Bañares
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrrassa, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - María Esteve
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrrassa, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Carme Loras
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Fundació per la Recerca Mútua Terrassa, Terrrassa, Catalonia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Spain.
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Wauters L, Dickman R, Drug V, Mulak A, Serra J, Enck P, Tack J, Accarino A, Barbara G, Bor S, Coffin B, Corsetti M, De Schepper H, Dumitrascu D, Farmer A, Gourcerol G, Hauser G, Hausken T, Karamanolis G, Keszthelyi D, Malagelada C, Milosavljevic T, Muris J, O'Morain C, Papathanasopoulos A, Pohl D, Rumyantseva D, Sarnelli G, Savarino E, Schol J, Sheptulin A, Smet A, Stengel A, Storonova O, Storr M, Törnblom H, Vanuytsel T, Velosa M, Waluga M, Zarate N, Zerbib F. United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on functional dyspepsia. United European Gastroenterol J 2021; 9:307-331. [PMID: 33939891 PMCID: PMC8259261 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common conditions in clinical practice. In spite of its prevalence, FD is associated with major uncertainties in terms of its definition, underlying pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Methods A Delphi consensus was initiated with 41 experts from 22 European countries who conducted a literature summary and voting process on 87 statements. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Consensus (defined as >80% agreement) was reached for 36 statements. Results The panel agreed with the definition in terms of its cardinal symptoms (early satiation, postprandial fullness, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning), its subdivision into epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome, and the presence of accessory symptoms (upper abdominal bloating, nausea, belching), and overlapping conditions. Also, well accepted are the female predominance of FD, its impact on quality of life and health costs, and acute gastrointestinal infections, and anxiety as risk factors. In terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, the consensus supports a role for impaired gastric accommodation, delayed gastric emptying, hypersensitivity to gastric distention, Helicobacter pylori infection, and altered central processing of signals from the gastroduodenal region. There is consensus that endoscopy is mandatory for establishing a firm diagnosis of FD, but that in primary care, patients without alarm symptoms or risk factors can be managed without endoscopy. There is consensus that H. pylori status should be determined in every patient with dyspeptic symptoms and H. pylori positive patients should receive eradication therapy. Also, proton pump inhibitor therapy is considered an effective therapy for FD, but no other treatment approach reached a consensus. The long‐term prognosis and life expectancy are favorable. Conclusions and Inferences A multinational group of European experts summarized the current state of consensus on the definition, diagnosis and management of FD.
Current knowledge
Functional dyspepsia is one of the most common conditions encountered in clinical practice. There is a lack of guidance for clinicians in guiding diagnosis and treatment of this prevalent condition. No treatments are currently approved for the treatment of functional dyspepsia in Europe.
What is new here
A Delphi panel consisting of 41 experts from 22 European countries established the level of consensus on 87 statements regarding functional dyspepsia. The statements reaching consensus serve to guide clinicians in recognizing, diagnosing and treating FD in clinical practice. Endoscopy is mandatory for establishing a firm diagnosis of functional dyspepsia D, but in primary care patients without alarm symptoms or risk factors can be managed without endoscopy. Helicobacter pylori status should be determined in every patient with dyspeptic symptoms and H. Pylori positive patients should receive eradication therapy. Proton pump inhibitor‐therapy is considered an effective therapy for FD, but no other treatment approach reached consensus support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wauters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ram Dickman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikwa, Israel
| | - Vasile Drug
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr T Popa Iasi and University Hospital St Spiridon, Iasi, Romania
| | - Agata Mulak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jordi Serra
- University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Badalona, Spain
| | - Paul Enck
- Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Tack
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Anna Accarino
- CIBERehd and Departament de Medicina, Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serhat Bor
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Benoit Coffin
- Université de Paris and AP-HP Hôpital Louis Mourier, Paris, France
| | - Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Heiko De Schepper
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dan Dumitrascu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adam Farmer
- Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Goran Hauser
- Medical Faculty Rijeka, University of Rijeka and Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Department of Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - George Karamanolis
- Gastroentrology Unit, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel Keszthelyi
- Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolin Malagelada
- CIBERehd and Departament de Medicina, Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jean Muris
- Department of General Practice, Caphri Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Colm O'Morain
- Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and National Clinical Lead for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal College Physicians Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Daniel Pohl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Diana Rumyantseva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Departmento of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jolien Schol
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arkady Sheptulin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Annemieke Smet
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and InflA-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Internal Medicine VI, University Hospital Tübingen, and Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Tübingen, Germany.,Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Center of Endoscopy, Starnberg, Germany.,Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Storonova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Martin Storr
- Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Törnblom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marek Waluga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Natalia Zarate
- Gastrointestinal Physiology Unit, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Frank Zerbib
- CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Medico-chirurgical Magellan, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque and Gastroenterology Department, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM CIC, Bordeaux, France
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10
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Gao K, Zheng C, Han H, Guo C. A Multicenter Randomized Prospective Study of Early Cholecystectomy for Pediatric Patients with Biliary Colic. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25:713-719. [PMID: 32935270 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with biliary colic, high-quality prospective data supporting the precise timing of cholecystectomy are lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy in children with biliary colic. METHODS A multicenter, parallel-group, randomized study was conducted in patients with biliary colic at 5 hospitals in China. Pediatric patients with biliary colic were prospectively randomized to either the early cholecystectomy or conservative management strategy. The clinical outcomes within 6 months, including the number of biliary colic-free patients and gallstone-related complications, were compared (register number ChiCTR1900021830). RESULTS During the first 2 months of follow-up, 71 patients (59.2%, 71/120) receiving conservative management and 124 patients (97.6%, 124/127) in the early cholecystectomy group (p < 0.001) reported being entirely colic-free. The GIQLI measures were higher in the early cholecystectomy group than in the conservative management group (p = 0.032). Acute readmissions occurred in 7 (5.5%) of 127 patients in the early cholecystectomy group, compared with 23 (19.2%) of 120 patients in the conservative management group (risk ratio [RR] 0.25; 95% CI [0.10-0.60], p = 0.001) in the 6-month period. CONCLUSIONS Early cholecystectomy is effective in providing beneficial outcomes in terms of both short-term and long-term improvement of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanli Han
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunbao Guo
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Abstract
Gallbladder disorders encompass a wide breadth of diseases that vary in severity. We present a comprehensive review of literature for the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and management of cholelithiasis-related disease, acute acalculous cholecystitis, functional gallbladder disorder, gallbladder polyps, gallbladder hydrops, porcelain gallbladder, and gallbladder cancer.
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12
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Song ST, Shi J, Wang XH, Guo YB, Hu PF, Zhu F, Zeng X, Xie WF. Prevalence and risk factors for gallstone disease: A population-based cross-sectional study. J Dig Dis 2020; 21:237-245. [PMID: 32166900 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the prevalence of and risk factors for gallstone disease in Shanghai, China. METHODS A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Shanghai between 2016 and 2017. Using a three-stage stratified sampling strategy, 4009 participants (1753 men and 2256 women) from 10 districts were enrolled. RESULTS The overall prevalence of gallstones was 6.83% (6.22% for men vs 7.31% for women, P = 0.173). According to the multivariate analysis, individuals aged ≥40 years (odds ratio [OR] 3.058, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.110-4.433, P < 0.001), hypertension (OR 1.479, 95% CI 1.076-2.034, P = 0.016), thyroid disease (OR 1.409, 95% CI 1.029-1.928, P = 0.032), a family history of gallstones (OR 2.234, 95% CI 1.362-3.662, P = 0.001) and a waist-to-height ratio ≥0.5 (OR 1.656, 95% CI 1.197-2.292, P = 0.002) had an increased risk of developing gallstones. The risk of gallstone disease was 2.232 (95% CI 1.167-4.268, P = 0.015) times higher in individuals with elevated C4 levels than in those with normal C4 levels. Diabetes (OR 4.144, 95% CI 1.171-14.671, P = 0.028) was a risk factor for the formation of gallstones with diameters ≥1 cm, and men were more susceptible to develop multiple stones (OR 2.356, 95% CI 1.321-4.200, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Individuals aged ≥40 years, with a history of hypertension and familial gallstones, a high waist-to-height ratio, thyroid disease and high C4 levels were related to an increased risk of gallstone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Tao Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Hang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Bin Guo
- Department of Health Statistics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Fang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Fen Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Rahmani B, Gandhi J, Joshi G, Smith NL, Reid I, Khan SA. The Role of Diabetes Mellitus in Diseases of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:931-948. [PMID: 32133965 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666200305094727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide continues to pose a heavy burden. Though its gastrointestinal impact is appropriately recognized, the lesser known associations may be overlooked. OBJECTIVE We aim to review the negative implications of diabetes on the gallbladder and the biliary tract. METHODS A MEDLINE® database search of literature was conducted with emphasis on the previous five years, combining keywords such as "diabetes," "gallbladder," and "biliary". RESULTS The association of diabetes to the formation of gallstones, gallbladder cancer, and cancer of the biliary tract are discussed along with diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSION Though we uncover the role of diabetic neuropathy in gallbladder and biliary complications, the specific individual diabetic risk factors behind these developments is unclear. Also, in addition to diabetes control and surgical gallbladder management, the treatment approach also requires further focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rahmani
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,
NY, USA
| | - Jason Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,
NY, USA
- Medical Student Research Institute, St. George’s University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Gunjan Joshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, Southampton, NY, USA
| | | | - Inefta Reid
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,
NY, USA
| | - Sardar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook,
NY, USA
- Department of Urology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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14
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Latenstein CSS, de Jong JJ, Eppink JJ, Lantinga MA, van Laarhoven CJHM, de Reuver PR, Drenth JPH. Prevalence of dyspepsia in patients with cholecystolithiasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 31:928-934. [PMID: 31206407 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholecystolithiasis and functional gastrointestinal disorders are both highly prevalent in the industrialized world and may exist concomitantly. The presence of both conditions impedes identification of the source of symptoms, leading to a risk of ineffective cholecystectomies with lack of symptom resolution. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of dyspepsia in patients with uncomplicated cholecystolithiasis. The electronic databases Medline, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for articles reporting the prevalence of dyspepsia in adults (≥18 years) with uncomplicated cholecystolithiasis. Pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval were calculated. I statistics were used to determine heterogeneity and the Methodological Evaluation of Observational Research criteria were applied for quality assessment. The study was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Of the 1696 studies evaluated, 13 reported the prevalence of dyspepsia in a total of 1227 cholecystolithiasis patients seeking medical care. The pooled prevalence of dyspepsia in patients with cholecystolithiasis was 65.7% (95% confidence interval: 51-79%). However, heterogeneity was large across studies. Overall, three studies used validated diagnostic criteria. Variation in diagnostic measures significantly influenced the prevalence of dyspepsia. In conclusion, symptoms similar to those of functional gastrointestinal disorders are common in patients with cholecystolithiasis, obscuring the source of abdominal complaints. Tools to select patients who will benefit from cholecystectomy are paramount to prevent ineffective surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith J de Jong
- Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jedda J Eppink
- Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Joost P H Drenth
- Gastroenterology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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van Dijk AH, Wennmacker SZ, de Reuver PR, Latenstein CSS, Buyne O, Donkervoort SC, Eijsbouts QAJ, Heisterkamp J, Hof KI', Janssen J, Nieuwenhuijs VB, Schaap HM, Steenvoorde P, Stockmann HBAC, Boerma D, Westert GP, Drenth JPH, Dijkgraaf MGW, Boermeester MA, van Laarhoven CJHM. Restrictive strategy versus usual care for cholecystectomy in patients with gallstones and abdominal pain (SECURE): a multicentre, randomised, parallel-arm, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2019; 393:2322-2330. [PMID: 31036336 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(19)30941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International guidelines advise laparoscopic cholecystectomy to treat symptomatic, uncomplicated gallstones. Usual care regarding cholecystectomy is associated with practice variation and persistent post-cholecystectomy pain in 10-41% of patients. We aimed to compare the non-inferiority of a restrictive strategy with stepwise selection with usual care to assess (in)efficient use of cholecystectomy. METHODS We did a multicentre, randomised, parallel-arm, non-inferiority study in 24 academic and non-academic hospitals in the Netherlands. We enrolled patients aged 18-95 years with abdominal pain and ultrasound-proven gallstones or sludge. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either usual care in which selection for cholecystectomy was left to the discretion of the surgeon, or a restrictive strategy with stepwise selection for cholecystectomy. For the restrictive strategy, cholecystectomy was advised for patients who fulfilled all five pre-specified criteria of the triage instrument: 1) severe pain attacks, 2) pain lasting 15-30 min or longer, 3) pain located in epigastrium or right upper quadrant, 4) pain radiating to the back, and 5) a positive pain response to simple analgesics. Randomisation was done with an online program, implemented into a web-based application using blocks of variable sizes, and stratified for centre (academic versus non-academic and a high vs low number of patients), sex, and body-mass index. Physicians and patients were masked for study-arm allocation until after completion of the triage instrument. The primary, non-inferiority, patient-reported endpoint was the proportion of patients who were pain-free at 12 months' follow-up, analysed by intention to treat and per protocol. A 5% non-inferiority margin was chosen, based on the estimated clinically relevant difference. Safety analyses were also done in the intention-to treat population. This trial is registered at the Netherlands National Trial Register, number NTR4022. FINDINGS Between Feb 5, 2014, and April 25, 2017, we included 1067 patients for analysis: 537 assigned to usual care and 530 to the restrictive strategy. At 12 months' follow-up 298 patients (56%; 95% CI, 52·0-60·4) were pain-free in the restrictive strategy group, compared with 321 patients (60%, 55·6-63·8) in usual care. Non-inferiority was not shown (difference 3·6%; one-sided 95% lower CI -8·6%; pnon-inferiority=0·316). According to a secondary endpoint analysis, the restrictive strategy resulted in significantly fewer cholecystectomies than usual care (358 [68%] of 529 vs 404 [75%] of 536; p=0·01). There were no between-group differences in trial-related gallstone complications (40 patients [8%] of 529 in usual care vs 38 [7%] of 536 in restrictive strategy; p=0·16) and surgical complications (74 [21%] of 358 vs 88 [22%] of 404, p=0·77), or in non-trial-related serious adverse events (27 [5%] of 529 vs 29 [5%] of 526). INTERPRETATION Suboptimal pain reduction in patients with gallstones and abdominal pain was noted with both usual care and following a restrictive strategy for selection for cholecystectomy. However, the restrictive strategy was associated with fewer cholecystectomies. The findings should encourage physicians involved in the care of patients with gallstones to rethink cholecystectomy, and to be more careful in advising a surgical approach in patients with gallstones and abdominal symptoms. FUNDING The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, and CZ healthcare insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aafke H van Dijk
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Z Wennmacker
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Philip R de Reuver
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
| | | | - Otmar Buyne
- Department of Surgery, Maas Hospital Pantein, Boxmeer, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Joos Heisterkamp
- Department of Surgery, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Klaas In 't Hof
- Department of Surgery, FlevoHospital Almere, Almere, Netherlands
| | - Jan Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Admiraal de Ruyter Hospital, Goes, Netherlands
| | | | - Henk M Schaap
- Department of Surgery, Treant Zorggroep, Emmen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Djamila Boerma
- Department of Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwengein, Netherlands
| | - Gert P Westert
- Department of IQ healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Joost P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marcel G W Dijkgraaf
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marja A Boermeester
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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16
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Determinants for symptomatic gallstone disease readmissions - results from a cohort with screen-detected gallstone disease. J Visc Surg 2019; 156:387-396. [PMID: 30824211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Selection of patients for cholecystectomy is hampered by lack of objective criteria. The objectives of this cohort study were to identify if patient, symptoms, or gallstone disease characteristics determined readmission in an unselected cohort with screen-detected gallstone disease and who had experienced a first admission with symptomatic gallstone disease. METHODS Data from three random sampled population-based cohorts were used. At baseline, participants were screened with ultrasound and 664 had gallstones of which 84 had a first admission without cholecystectomy performed. A cohort study was performed with follow-up up for hospital readmissions beyond 30 days through central registers. Age adjusted Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Readmissions occurred in 60.8% and cholecystectomy was eventually performed in 47.7% of patients. Early readmissions were determined by abdominal pain in the epigastrium (Hazard ratio (HR) 3.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.62;8.12]) and of moderate intensity (HR 2.71, 95% CI [1.20;6.16]). Late readmissions were determined by larger gallstone size, especially when above 10mm (HR 4.11, 95% CI [1.18;14.3]) and inversely determined by age (HR 0.97, 95% CI [0.95;0.998]). In patients with initially uncomplicated gallstone disease, cholecystectomy was inversely determined by age (HR 0.96, 95% CI [0.93;0.98]). CONCLUSION Once gallstones have become symptomatic and caused hospital admission, a persisting high risk for future readmission exists and half of patients end up having cholecystectomy. Pain in the epigastrium, larger gallstones, and younger age determine readmission. These determinants should be tested in future clinical treatment algorithms for gallstone disease.
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17
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Portincasa P, Molina-Molina E, Garruti G, Wang DQH. Critical Care Aspects of Gallstone Disease. J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures) 2019; 5:6-18. [PMID: 30766918 PMCID: PMC6369569 DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2019-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately twenty per cent of adults have gallstones making it one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal diseases in Western countries. About twenty per cent of gallstone patients requires medical, endoscopic, or surgical therapies such as cholecystectomy due to the onset of gallstone-related symptoms or gallstone-related complications. Thus, patients with symptomatic, uncomplicated or complicated gallstones, regardless of the type of stones, represent one of the largest patient categories admitted to European hospitals. This review deals with the important critical care aspects associated with a gallstone-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Molina-Molina
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantations, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124Bari, Italy
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, "Albert Einstein" College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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18
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Cox DRA, Fong J, Liew CH, Goh SK, Yeoh M, Fink MA, Jones RM, Mukkadayil J, Nikfarjam M, Perini MV, Rumler G, Starkey G, Christophi C, Muralidharan V. Emergency presentations of acute biliary pain: changing patterns of management in a tertiary institute. ANZ J Surg 2018; 88:1337-1342. [PMID: 30414227 DOI: 10.1111/ans.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute biliary pain is the most common presentation of gallstone disease. Untreated patients risk recurrent pain, cholecystitis, obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis and multiple hospital presentations. We examine the outcome of implementing a policy to offer laparoscopic cholecystectomy on index presentation to patients with biliary colic in a tertiary hospital in Australia. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of adult patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with biliary pain during three 12-month periods. Outcomes in Group A, 3 years prior to policy implementation, were compared with groups 2 and 7 years post implementation (Groups B and C). Primary outcomes were representations to ED, admission rate and time to cholecystectomy. RESULTS A total of 584 patients presented with biliary colic during the three study periods. Of these, 391 underwent cholecystectomy with three Strasberg Type A bile leaks and no bile duct injuries. The policy increased admission rates (A = 15.8%, B = 62.9%, C = 29.5%, P < 0.001) and surgery on index presentation (A = 12.0%, B = 60.7%, C = 27.4%, P < 0.001). There was a decline in time to cholecystectomy (days) (A = 143, B = 15, C = 31, P < 0.001), post-operative length of stay (days) (A = 3.6, B = 3.2, C = 2.0, P < 0.05) and representation rates to ED (A = 42.1%, B = 7.1%, C = 19.9%, P < 0.001). There was a decline in policy adherence in the later cohort. CONCLUSION Index hospital admission and cholecystectomy for biliary colic decrease patient representations, time to surgery, post-operative stay and complications of gallstone disease. This study demonstrates the impact of the policy with initial improvement, the dangers of policy attrition and the need for continued reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R A Cox
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Fong
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chon Hann Liew
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Su Kah Goh
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Yeoh
- Emergency Department, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael A Fink
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert M Jones
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jude Mukkadayil
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mehrdad Nikfarjam
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcos V Perini
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg Rumler
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graham Starkey
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Christophi
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vijayaragavan Muralidharan
- HPB and Transplant Unit, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Kwon OS, Kim YK, Her KH. The Prevalence of Gallstone Disease Is Significantly Lower in Natives than in Migrants of Jeju Island. Korean J Fam Med 2018; 39:147-154. [PMID: 29788702 PMCID: PMC5975984 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2018.39.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The eating habits of Jeju Island natives are quite different from those of the mainland people because of geographic isolation. Diet is a main factor affecting gallstone disease. We investigated the prevalence of gallstone disease in both Jeju Island natives and migrants and studied the risk factors affecting gallstone disease in the Jeju Island people. METHODS A total of 20,763 subjects who underwent medical checkups at the Health Promotion Center of Jeju National University Hospital in Korea from January 2003 to December 2015 were enrolled in the study. Ultrasonography was used to determine the presence of gallbladder stones. Body mass index and biochemical parameters, including liver function test results, lipid profiles, and fasting blood glucose levels, were verified, and data on age, birthplace, and sex were collected from medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors affecting gallstone disease. RESULTS The prevalence of gallstone disease in the Jeju Island people was 4.0%: Jeju Island natives, 3.8% and migrants, 4.4% (P=0.047). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent risk factors were older age, Jeju migrants, higher fasting blood glucose and alanine aminotransferase levels, and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION The prevalence of gallstone disease was significantly lower in natives than in migrants from Jeju Island. Older age, Jeju migrants, higher fasting blood glucose and alanine aminotransferase levels, and lower highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol levels contributed to gallstone disease prevalence in the Jeju Island people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Sung Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Young-Kyu Kim
- Department of Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Kyu Hee Her
- Department of Surgery, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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20
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Yeh DD, Chang Y, Tabrizi MB, Yu L, Cropano C, Fagenholz P, King DR, Kaafarani HMA, de Moya M, Velmahos G. Derivation and validation of a practical Bedside Score for the diagnosis of cholecystitis. Am J Emerg Med 2018; 37:61-66. [PMID: 29724580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to develop a practical Bedside Score for the diagnosis of cholecystitis and test its accuracy against the Tokyo Guidelines (TG13). METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 438 patients undergoing urban, academic Emergency Department (ED) evaluation of RUQ pain. Symptoms, physical signs, ultrasound signs, and labs were scoring system candidates. A random split-sample approach was used to develop and validate a new clinical score. Multivariable regression analysis using development data was conducted to identify predictors of cholecystitis. Cutoff values were chosen to ensure positive/negative predictive values (PPV, NPV) of at least 0.95. The score was externally validated in 80 patients at a different hospital undergoing RUQ pain evaluation. RESULTS 230 patients (53%) had cholecystitis. Five variables predicted cholecystitis and were included in the scores: gallstones, gallbladder thickening, clinical or ultrasonographic Murphy's sign, RUQ tenderness, and post-prandial symptoms. A clinical prediction score was developed. When dichotomized at 4, overall accuracy for acute cholecystitis was 90% for the development cohort, 82% and 86% for the internal and external validation cohorts; TG13 accuracy was 62%-79%. CONCLUSIONS A clinical prediction score for cholecystitis demonstrates accuracy equivalent to TG13. Use of this score may streamline work-up by decreasing the need for comprehensive ultrasound evaluation and CRP measurement and may shorten ED length of stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dante Yeh
- Ryder Trauma Center, DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Yuchiao Chang
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Liyang Yu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Medicine, United States
| | - Catrina Cropano
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, United States
| | - Peter Fagenholz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, United States
| | - David R King
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, United States
| | - Haytham M A Kaafarani
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, United States
| | - Marc de Moya
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, United States
| | - George Velmahos
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, United States
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent studies showed new insights in the indication and timing of cholecystectomy in gallstone disease. This review will provide an overview. RECENT FINDINGS Considerable variations in indication for gallbladder surgery have been noticed leading to a significant number of unnecessary cholecystectomies. As a consequence, up to 33% of patients with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease have persistent abdominal pain after cholecystectomy. On the other hand, studies showed that certain patients with acute cholecystitis, common bile duct stones and biliary pancreatitis benefit from same admission instead of delayed cholecystectomy. SUMMARY A critical view on indications for cholecystectomy in patients with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease prevents unnecessary cholecystectomies. In patients with mild-to-moderate complicated symptomatic gallstone disease, same-admission cholecystectomy reduces the risk of recurrent complications.
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22
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Chen CH, Lin CL, Hsu CY, Kao CH. Association Between Type I and II Diabetes With Gallbladder Stone Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:720. [PMID: 30555418 PMCID: PMC6281708 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To assess the association of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with the subsequent development of gallbladder stone disease (GSD). Setting: Cohort Study. Participants: We identified two study cohort groups to evaluate the association of T1DM and T2DM with the development of GSD. The first group comprised a T1DM cohort of 7015 patients aged ≤ 40 years and a non-diabetes cohort randomly matched with the study cohort (4:1). The second group comprised a T2DM cohort of 51,689 patients aged ≥20 years and a non-diabetes cohort randomly matched with the study cohort (1:1). All patients were studied from 1996 to the end of 2011 or withdrawal from the National Health Insurance program to determine the incidence of GSD. Results: Compared with patients without diabetes, those with T1DM had a decreased risk of GSD [adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.25-0.92]. Those with T2DM had an increased risk of GSD (aHR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.41-1.69), after adjustment for age, sex, comorbidities, and number of parity. The relative risk of GSD in the T2DM cohort was higher than that in the non-diabetes cohort in each group of age, sex, and patients with or without comorbidity. However, the relative risk of GSD in the T1DM cohort was lower than that in the non-diabetes cohort only in the age group of 20-40 years. Conclusion: Our population-based cohort study reveals a strong association between T2DM and GSD. However, an inverse relationship exists between T1DM and GSD in patients aged 20-40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hua Chen
- Digestive Disease Center, Changbing Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Digestive Disease Center, Show-Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Y. Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chia-Hung Kao
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23
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van den Berg M, van Couwelaar GM, de Raaff CA, Lagarde SM, Joosse P, van Wagensveld BA, Vrouenraets BC. Are routine preoperative liver function tests in patients with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease necessary? Acta Chir Belg 2017; 117:290-294. [PMID: 28385120 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2017.1310483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of preoperative liver function tests (LFTs) in patients with uncomplicated gallstone disease and scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS All 1112 patients who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstone disease during a 6-year cohort were retrospectively reviewed. Only patients who presented with uncomplicated disease were selected. Preoperative LFTs, pre-, and postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreaticographies (ERCPs) and postoperative complications were collected. RESULTS A total of 697 patients were included. There were 629 (90.2%) patients with (group I) and 68 (9.8%) patients without (group II) preoperative LFTs. The incidence of ERCPs, ERCPs positive for bile duct stones, and postoperative complications were not significantly different between groups. Second, Group I patients were divided into four groups: 360 patients with normal LFTs (I-A1), 269 patients with at least one LFT > normal value (I-A2), 531 patients with all LFTs <2× normal (I-B1), and 98 patients with at least one LFT >2× normal (I-B2). More ERCPs were performed in group I-A2 (10%) than in group I-A1 (2.2%) and more in group I-B2 (18.4%) than I-B1 (3.2%), as a consequence of significantly more ERCPs performed preoperatively. No differences were detected between groups regarding ERCPs positive for bile duct stones or postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative LFTs do not influence the occurrence of postoperative complications nor the total rate of ERCPs in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for uncomplicated gallstone disease. Preoperative determination of LFTs seems to cause a slight shift from post- to preoperative ERCPs without further clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pieter Joosse
- Department of Surgery, OLVG West, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Shabanzadeh DM, Sørensen LT, Jørgensen T. Which Abdominal Symptoms are Associated with Clinical Events in a Population Unaware of Their Gallstones? a Cohort Study. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:831-839. [PMID: 28083835 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-016-3349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High rates of persistent symptoms are found following cholecystectomy in patients with gallstones. The aim of this population based cohort study was to determine which symptoms were associated with the development of clinical gallstone events in a population unaware of their gallstones. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three random population samples from Copenhagen (N = 6037) were examined with ultrasound during 1982-1994. Participants were not informed about gallstone status. Abdominal symptoms were assessed at baseline through a questionnaire. Follow-up for clinical events was performed through central registers until 2011. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Participants unaware of their gallstones (N = 595) were followed for median 17.5 years. A total of 16.6% participants developed clinical events. Both uncomplicated and complicated events were associated with high pain intensity at baseline. Complicated events were also associated with pain at night. Uncomplicated events were associated with pain localized in the epigastrium, of longer duration, and in need of pain medication. No associations were identified for dyspepsia or irritable bowel syndrome. CONCLUSIONS In a population of unaware gallstone carriers, it was possible to identify abdominal symptoms associated with later clinical detection of the gallstones. These finding may contribute to a better selection of patients for surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mønsted Shabanzadeh
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lars Tue Sørensen
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Jørgensen
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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25
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Borges MDC, Takeuti TD, Terra GA, Ribeiro BM, Rodrigues-Júnior V, Crema E. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF IMMUNOLOGICAL PROFILES IN WOMEN UNDERGOING CONVENTIONAL AND SINGLE-PORT LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY. ABCD-ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CIRURGIA DIGESTIVA 2017; 29:164-169. [PMID: 27759779 PMCID: PMC5074667 DOI: 10.1590/0102-6720201600030009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Surgical trauma triggers an important postoperative stress response characterized by significantly elevated levels of cytokines, an event that can favor the emergence of immune disorders which lead to disturbances in the patient's body defense. The magnitude of postoperative stress is related to the degree of surgical trauma. Aim To evaluate the expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-17) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines in patients submitted to conventional and single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy before and 24 h after surgery. Methods Forty women with symptomatic cholelithiasis, ranging in age from 18 to 70 years, participated in the study. The patients were divided into two groups: 21 submitted to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy and 19 to single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Results Evaluation of the immune response showed no significant difference in IFN-γ and IL-1β levels between the groups or time points analyzed. With respect to TNF-α and IL-4, serum levels below the detection limit (10 pg/ml) were observed in the two groups and at the time points analyzed. Significantly higher postoperative expression of IL-17A was detected in patients submitted to single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared to preoperative levels (p=0.0094). Conclusions Significant postoperative expression of IL-17 was observed in the group submitted to single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared to preoperative levels, indicating that surgical stress in this group was higher compared to the conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tharsus Dias Takeuti
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Eduardo Crema
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
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26
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Cost-effectiveness of a new strategy to identify uncomplicated gallstone disease patients that will benefit from a cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2016; 31:2534-2540. [PMID: 27655382 PMCID: PMC5443845 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-016-5256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of a new strategy for the preoperative detection of patients that will likely benefit from a cholecystectomy, using simple criteria that can be applied by surgeons. Criteria for a cholecystectomy indication are: (1) having episodic pain; (2) onset of pain 1 year or less before the outpatient clinic visit. Methods The cost-effectiveness of the new strategy was evaluated against current practice using a decision analytic model. The incremental cost-effectiveness of applying criteria for a cholecystectomy for a patient with abdominal pain and gallstones was compared to applying no criteria. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was expressed as extra costs to be invested to gain one more patient with absence of pain. Scenarios were analyzed to assess the influence of applying different criteria. Results The new strategy of applying one out of two criteria resulted in a 4 % higher mean proportion of patients with absence of pain compared to current practice with similar costs. The 95 % upper limit of the ICER was €4114 ($4633) per extra patient with relief of upper abdominal pain. Application of two out of two criteria resulted in a 3 % lower mean proportion of patients with absence of pain with lower costs. Conclusion The new strategy of using one out of two strict selection criteria may be an effective but also a cost-effective method to reduce the proportion of patients with pain after cholecystectomy.
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27
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de Reuver PR, van Dijk AH, Wennmacker SZ, Lamberts MP, Boerma D, den Oudsten BL, Dijkgraaf MGW, Donkervoort SC, Roukema JA, Westert GP, Drenth JPH, van Laarhoven CJH, Boermeester MA. A randomized controlled trial to compare a restrictive strategy to usual care for the effectiveness of cholecystectomy in patients with symptomatic gallstones (SECURE trial protocol). BMC Surg 2016; 16:46. [PMID: 27411788 PMCID: PMC4944479 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-016-0160-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Five to 22 % of the adult Western population has gallstones. Among them, 13 to 22 % become symptomatic during their lifetime. Cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Remarkably, cholecystectomy provides symptom relief in only 60-70 % of patients. The objective of this trial is to compare the effectiveness of usual (operative) care with a restrictive strategy using a standardized work-up with stepwise selection for cholecystectomy in patients with gallstones and abdominal complaints. Design and methods The SECURE-trial is designed as a multicenter, randomized, parallel-arm, non-inferiority trial in patients with abdominal symptoms and ultrasound proven gallstones or sludge. If patients meet the inclusion criteria they will be randomized to either usual care or the restrictive strategy. Patients in the usual care group will be treated according to the physician’s knowledge and preference. Patients in the restrictive care group will be treated with interval evaluation and stepwise selection for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In this stepwise selection, patients strictly meeting the preselected criteria for symptomatic cholecystolithiasis will be offered a cholecystectomy. Patients not meeting these criteria will be assessed for other diagnoses and re-evaluated at 3-monthly intervals. Follow-up consists of web-based questionnaires at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The main end point of this trial is defined as the proportion of patients being pain-free at 12 months follow-up. Pain will be assessed with the Izbicki Pain Score and Gallstone Symptom Score. Secondary endpoints will be the proportion of patients with complications due to gallstones or cholecystectomy, the association between the patients’ symptoms and treatment and work performance, and ultimately, cost-effectiveness. Discussion The SECURE trial is the first randomized controlled trial examining the effectiveness of usual care versus restrictive care in patients with symptomatic gallstones. The outcome of this trial will inform clinicians whether a more restrictive strategy can minimize persistent pain in post-operative patients at least as good as usual care does, but at a lower cholecystectomy rate. (The Netherlands National Trial Register NTR4022, 17th December 2012) Trial registration The Netherlands National Trial Register NTR4022 http://www.zonmw.nl/nl/projecten/project-detail/scrutinizing-inefficient-use-of-cholecystectomy-a-randomized-trial-concerning-variation-in-practi/samenvatting/
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Affiliation(s)
- P R de Reuver
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A H van Dijk
- Department of Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Z Wennmacker
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M P Lamberts
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D Boerma
- Department of Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - B L den Oudsten
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - M G W Dijkgraaf
- Clinical Research Unit, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S C Donkervoort
- Department of Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Oosterpark 9, 1091 AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J A Roukema
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, St. Elisabeth Tweesteden Hospital, Hilvarenbeekseweg 60, 5022 GC, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - G P Westert
- Department of IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C J H van Laarhoven
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M A Boermeester
- Department of Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of gallstones. J Hepatol 2016; 65:146-181. [PMID: 27085810 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Consistency of patient-reported outcomes after cholecystectomy and their implications on current surgical practice: a prospective multicenter cohort study. Surg Endosc 2016; 31:215-224. [PMID: 27194258 PMCID: PMC5216116 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-016-4959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Persistent postoperative pain (up to 41 %) and significant practice variation necessitate better patient selection for cholecystectomy. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are nowadays known to serve as a tool for better patient selection, although variability within these subjective outcomes may be a point for debate. This study determines associations of both the preoperative pain and patient characteristics with PROMs at 24 weeks after cholecystectomy. In order to evaluate variability of PROMs, we also determined consistency of these outcomes in time. Methods This prospective multicenter cohort study included adult patients diagnosed with uncomplicated symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Twenty-four weeks after surgery, a questionnaire study was carried out, containing Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) and Patients’ Experience of Surgery Questionnaire. Results were compared to preoperative data and results 12 weeks post-cholecystectomy. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations. Additional post hoc analysis on associations between preoperative selection criteria and PROMs was done. Results A total of 360 patients (85 %) responded. Postoperative absence of pain was reported by 59.2 %. Associated characteristics were symptoms ≤1 year prior to surgery [OR 1.85 (95 % CI 1.11–3.09)] and high baseline GIQLI score [OR 1.04 (95 % CI 1.02–1.05)]. General improvement in abdominal symptoms and positive result of surgery were found in 90 %; no preoperative variables were significantly associated. PROMs showed consistency at 12 and 24 weeks postoperatively. Post hoc analysis showed no significant associations. Conclusion PROM-based preoperative selection criteria need to be considered to select those patients who achieve freedom of pain after surgical treatment of uncomplicated symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Other patients might consider cholecystectomy as successful, but are less likely to be free of pain. Usefulness of PROMs is underscored as they proved to be consistent in time in evaluating surgical outcome.
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Abdominal Symptoms and Incident Gallstones in a Population Unaware of Gallstone Status. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2016:9730687. [PMID: 27504440 PMCID: PMC4967696 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9730687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Symptoms associated with newly formed gallstones have never been studied in a population unaware of their gallstones. The objective of this population-based cohort study was to determine which debut of abdominal symptoms was associated with newly formed gallstones. Materials and Methods. A cohort study was performed of a random sample from general population of Copenhagen. Participants had ultrasound examinations and answered questionnaires about abdominal symptoms at baseline and two reexaminations over 12 years. Participants were not informed of gallstone status. Inclusion criteria were no gallstones or cholecystectomy at baseline and attending a reexamination. Results. Of 3,785 participants, 2,845 fulfilled inclusion criteria. Changes in overall abdominal pain were not significantly different between incident gallstones or gallstone-free participants. Multiple adjusted logistic regression analyses showed that incident gallstones were significantly associated with debut of abdominal pain with projection, localized in the whole upper abdomen, and of longer duration. No significant associations for functional symptoms were identified. Conclusions. A new onset of abdominal pain with projection, localized in the whole upper abdomen, and of longer duration is associated with newly formed gallstones in participants unaware of gallstone status. Functional symptoms should not be the indication for surgical treatment.
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Episodic Abdominal Pain Characteristics Are Not Associated with Clinically Relevant Improvement of Health Status After Cholecystectomy. J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20:1350-8. [PMID: 27188580 PMCID: PMC4916197 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-016-3156-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholecystectomy is the therapy of first choice in patients with uncomplicated symptomatic cholecystolithiasis, but it remains unclear which patients truly benefit in terms of health status improvement. Patients generally present with episodic abdominal pain of varying frequency, duration, and intensity. We assessed whether characteristics of abdominal pain episodes are determinants of clinically relevant improvement of health status after cholecystectomy. METHODS In a post hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort study, patients of ≥18 years of age with uncomplicated symptomatic cholecystolithiasis subjected to cholecystectomy were included. Preoperatively, patients received a structured interview and a questionnaire consisting of the visual analogue scale (VAS; range 0-100) and gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI). At 12 weeks after cholecystectomy, the GIQLI was again administered. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine significant associations. RESULTS Questionnaires were sent to 261 and returned by 166 (63.6 %) patients (128 females, mean age at surgery 49.5 ± 13.8). A total of 131 (78.9 %) patients reported a clinically relevant improvement of health status. The median (interquartile range) frequency, duration, and intensity of abdominal pain episodes were 0.38 (0.18-0.75) a week, 4.00 (2.00-8.00) hours, and 92 (77-99), respectively. None of the characteristics was associated with a clinically relevant improvement of health status at 12 weeks after cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS Characteristics of abdominal pain episodes cannot be used to inform patients with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis who are skeptic about the timing of cholecystectomy for optimal benefit. Timing of cholecystectomy should therefore be based on other characteristics and preferences.
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Lamberts MP, Den Oudsten BL, Gerritsen JJGM, Roukema JA, Westert GP, Drenth JPH, van Laarhoven CJHM. Prospective multicentre cohort study of patient-reported outcomes after cholecystectomy for uncomplicated symptomatic cholecystolithiasis. Br J Surg 2015. [PMID: 26201942 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.9887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 33 per cent of patients with uncomplicated symptomatic cholecystolithiasis report persistent pain after cholecystectomy. The aim of this study was to determine characteristics associated with patient-reported absence of abdominal pain after cholecystectomy, improved abdominal symptoms, and patient-reported positive cholecystectomy results in a prospective cohort multicentre study. METHODS Patients aged 18 years or more with symptomatic cholecystolithiasis who had a cholecystectomy between June 2012 and June 2014 in one of three hospitals were included. Before surgery all patients were sent the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) questionnaire and the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ). At 12 weeks after surgery, patients were invited to complete the GIQLI and Patients' Experience of Surgery Questionnaire (PESQ). Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine associations. RESULTS Questionnaires were sent to 552 patients and returned by 342 before and after surgery. Postoperative absence of abdominal pain was reported by 60·5 per cent of patients. A high preoperative GIQLI score, episodic pain, and duration of pain of 1 year or less were associated with postoperative absence of pain. These factors showed no association with improved abdominal symptoms (reported by 91·5 per cent of patients) or a positive surgery result (reported by 92·4 per cent). CONCLUSION Preoperative characteristics determine the odds for relief of abdominal pain after cholecystectomy. However, these factors were not associated with patient-reported improvement of abdominal symptoms or patient-reported positive cholecystectomy results, highlighting the variation of internal standards and expectations of patients before cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Lamberts
- Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B L Den Oudsten
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Centre of Research on Psychology in Somatic diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - J J G M Gerritsen
- Department of Surgery, Medisch Spectrum Twente Hospital, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J A Roukema
- Department of Surgery, St Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - G P Westert
- Scientific Institute for Quality of Healthcare, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J P H Drenth
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Brazzelli M, Cruickshank M, Kilonzo M, Ahmed I, Stewart F, McNamee P, Elders A, Fraser C, Avenell A, Ramsay C. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cholecystectomy compared with observation/conservative management for preventing recurrent symptoms and complications in adults presenting with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstones or cholecystitis: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2015; 18:1-101, v-vi. [PMID: 25164349 DOI: 10.3310/hta18550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 10-15% of the adult population suffer from gallstone disease, cholelithiasis, with more women than men being affected. Cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for people who present with biliary pain or acute cholecystitis and evidence of gallstones. However, some people do not experience a recurrence after an initial episode of biliary pain or cholecystitis. As most of the current research focuses on the surgical management of the disease, less attention has been dedicated to the consequences of conservative management. OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cholecystectomy compared with observation/conservative management in people presenting with uncomplicated symptomatic gallstones (biliary pain) or cholecystitis. DATA SOURCES We searched all major electronic databases (e.g. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Science Citation Index, Bioscience Information Service, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) from 1980 to September 2012 and we contacted experts in the field. REVIEW METHODS Evidence was considered from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised comparative studies that enrolled people with symptomatic gallstone disease (pain attacks only and/or acute cholecystitis). Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Standard meta-analysis techniques were used to combine results from included studies. A de novo Markov model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of the interventions. RESULTS Two Norwegian RCTs involving 201 participants were included. Eighty-eight per cent of people randomised to surgery and 45% of people randomised to observation underwent cholecystectomy during the 14-year follow-up period. Participants randomised to observation were significantly more likely to experience gallstone-related complications [risk ratio = 6.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.57 to 28.51; p = 0.01], in particular acute cholecystitis (risk ratio = 9.55; 95% CI 1.25 to 73.27; p = 0.03), and less likely to undergo surgery (risk ratio = 0.50; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.73; p = 0.0004), experience surgery-related complications (risk ratio = 0.36; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.81; p = 0.01) or, more specifically, minor surgery-related complications (risk ratio = 0.11; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.56; p = 0.008) than those randomised to surgery. Fifty-five per cent of people randomised to observation did not require an operation during the 14-year follow-up period and 12% of people randomised to cholecystectomy did not undergo the scheduled operation. The results of the economic evaluation suggest that, on average, the surgery strategy costs £1236 more per patient than the conservative management strategy but was, on average, more effective. An increase in the number of people requiring surgery while treated conservatively corresponded to a reduction in the cost-effectiveness of the conservative strategy. There was uncertainty around some of the parameters used in the economic model. CONCLUSIONS The results of this assessment indicate that cholecystectomy is still the treatment of choice for many symptomatic people. However, approximately half of the people in the observation group did not require surgery or suffer complications in the long term indicating that a conservative therapeutic approach may represent a valid alternative to surgery in this group of people. Owing to the dearth of current evidence in the UK setting a large, well-designed, multicentre trial is needed. STUDY REGISTRATION The study was registered as PROSPERO CRD42012002817. FUNDING The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Brazzelli
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Mary Kilonzo
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Fiona Stewart
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Paul McNamee
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew Elders
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cynthia Fraser
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alison Avenell
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Craig Ramsay
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Dickman E, Tessaro MO, Arroyo AC, Haines LE, Marshall JP. Clinician-performed abdominal sonography. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2015; 41:481-92. [PMID: 26038027 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-015-0508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Point-of-care ultrasonography is increasingly utilized across a wide variety of physician specialties. This imaging modality can be used to evaluate patients rapidly and accurately for a wide variety of pathologic conditions. METHODS A literature search was performed for articles focused on clinician-performed ultrasonography for the diagnosis of appendicitis, gallbladder disease, small bowel obstruction, intussusception, and several types of renal pathology. The findings of this search were summarized including the imaging techniques utilized in these studies. CONCLUSION Clinician performed point-of-care sonography is particularly well suited to abdominal applications. Future investigations may further confirm and extend its utility at the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dickman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA.
| | - M O Tessaro
- Division of Paediatric Emergency Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G1X8, Canada
| | - A C Arroyo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - L E Haines
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
| | - J P Marshall
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11219, USA
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Saha M, Nahar K, Hosen MA, Khan MH, Kumar Saha S, Shil BC, Rahman MH. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Gallstone Disease in North-East Part of Bangladesh. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2015; 5:1-3. [PMID: 29201675 PMCID: PMC5578509 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The study was designed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic gallstone disease in North-East part of Bangladesh. Materials and methods Randomly selected asymptomatic persons, unknown to have gallstone disease, from both rural and urban areas were enrolled. They were subjected to abdominal ultrasonography and findings were recorded in a data sheet. Results Total 1,019 persons (316 males and 703 females) were examined. Age of them varied from 18 to 80 years with mean age of 37.22 years. Out of them, 61 (6%) persons were found to have gallstone. Among them, 14 were males and 47 were females. Both male and females of age below 40 years were more affected. Gallstone disease was found more commonly among housewives and middle class people. Among 61 patients with gallstone, seven were underweight (11.47%), 32 (52.45%) had normal weight and 22 (36.06%) were overweight, obese or extremely obese. But, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.894). Conclusion Prevalence of asymptomatic gallstone disease was found in 6% apparently healthy subjects of North-East part of Bangladesh. It was more prevalent among housewives and middle class group of population. It is also common among the people of age group below 40 years. How to cite this article Saha M, Nahar K, Hosen MMA, Khan MH, Saha SK, Shil BC, Rahman MH. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Asymptomatic Gallstone Disease in North-East Part of Bangladesh. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2015;5(1):1-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Saha
- Department of Gastroenterology, North East Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound Center, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mm Arif Hosen
- Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound Center, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - M H Khan
- Nuclear Medicine and Ultrasound Center, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Shasanka Kumar Saha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bimal Chandra Shil
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Demehri FR, Alam HB. Evidence-Based Management of Common Gallstone-Related Emergencies. J Intensive Care Med 2014; 31:3-13. [DOI: 10.1177/0885066614554192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gallstone-related disease is among the most common clinical problems encountered worldwide. The manifestations of cholelithiasis vary greatly, ranging from mild biliary colic to life-threatening gallstone pancreatitis and cholangitis. The vast majority of gallstone-related diseases encountered in an acute setting can be categorized as biliary colic, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, and pancreatitis, although these diagnoses can overlap. The management of these diseases is uniquely multidisciplinary, involving many specialties and treatment options. Thus, care may be compromised due to redundant tests, treatment delays, or inconsistent management. This review outlines the evidence for initial evaluation, diagnostic workup, and treatment for the most common gallstone-related emergencies. Key principles include initial risk stratification of patients to aid in triage and timing of interventions, early initiation of appropriate antibiotics for patients with evidence of cholecystitis or cholangitis, patient selection for endoscopic biliary decompression, and growing evidence in favor of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for clinically stable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farokh R. Demehri
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hasan B. Alam
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Gurusamy KS, Vaughan J, Davidson BR. Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD006930. [PMID: 24639018 PMCID: PMC10865445 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006930.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pneumoperitoneum of 12 to 16 mm Hg is used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Lower pressures are claimed to be safe and effective in decreasing cardiopulmonary complications and pain. OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of low pressure pneumoperitoneum compared with standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded until February 2013 to identify randomised trials,using search strategies. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered only randomised clinical trials, irrespective of language, blinding, or publication status for inclusion in the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently identified trials and independently extracted data. We calculated the risk ratio (RR), mean difference (MD), or standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using both fixed-effect and random-effects models with RevMan 5 based on available case analysis. MAIN RESULTS A total of 1092 participants randomly assigned to the low pressure group (509 participants) and the standard pressure group (583 participants) in 21 trials provided information for this review on one or more outcomes. Three additional trials comparing low pressure pneumoperitoneum with standard pressure pneumoperitoneum (including 179 participants) provided no information for this review. Most of the trials included low anaesthetic risk participants undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. One trial including 140 participants was at low risk of bias. The remaining 20 trials were at high risk of bias. The overall quality of evidence was low or very low. No mortality was reported in either the low pressure group (0/199; 0%) or the standard pressure group (0/235; 0%) in eight trials that reported mortality. One participant experienced the outcome of serious adverse events (low pressure group 1/179, 0.6%; standard pressure group 0/215, 0%; seven trials; 394 participants; RR 3.00; 95% CI 0.14 to 65.90; very low quality evidence). Quality of life, return to normal activity, and return to work were not reported in any of the trials. The difference between groups in the conversion to open cholecystectomy was imprecise (low pressure group 2/269, adjusted proportion 0.8%; standard pressure group 2/287, 0.7%; 10 trials; 556 participants; RR 1.18; 95% CI 0.29 to 4.72; very low quality evidence) and was compatible with an increase, a decrease, or no difference in the proportion of conversion to open cholecystectomy due to low pressure pneumoperitoneum. No difference in the length of hospital stay was reported between the groups (five trials; 415 participants; MD -0.30 days; 95% CI -0.63 to 0.02; low quality evidence). Operating time was about two minutes longer in the low pressure group than in the standard pressure group (19 trials; 990 participants; MD 1.51 minutes; 95% CI 0.07 to 2.94; very low quality evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be completed successfully using low pressure in approximately 90% of people undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, no evidence is currently available to support the use of low pressure pneumoperitoneum in low anaesthetic risk patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The safety of low pressure pneumoperitoneum has to be established. Further well-designed trials are necessary, particularly in people with cardiopulmonary disorders who undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurinchi Selvan Gurusamy
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical SchoolDepartment of SurgeryRoyal Free HospitalRowland Hill StreetLondonUKNW3 2PF
| | - Jessica Vaughan
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical SchoolDepartment of SurgeryRoyal Free HospitalRowland Hill StreetLondonUKNW3 2PF
| | - Brian R Davidson
- Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical SchoolDepartment of SurgeryRoyal Free HospitalRowland Hill StreetLondonUKNW3 2PF
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Heineman K. Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment in the Management of Biliary Dyskinesia. J Osteopath Med 2014; 114:129-33. [DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2014.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Biliary dyskinesia is a functional gastrointestinal disorder of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi. Diagnosis is made on the basis of symptoms of biliary colic in the absence of cholelithiasis and gallbladder inflammation. Palpatory findings of tissue texture changes at midthoracic levels (T6-T9) may correspond to visceral dysfunction related to the biliary system. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) of the T6-T9 segments can remove the feedback related to the somatic component, thereby affecting nociceptive facilitation at the spinal level and allowing the body to restore autonomic balance. Few reports in the current literature provide examples of treatment for patients with biliary dyskinesia using OMT. The author describes the case of a 51-year-old woman who presented with symptoms consistent with biliary dyskinesia. Her biliary colic completely resolved after OMT. Osteopathic evaluation and OMT should be considered a safe and effective option for conservative management of biliary dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Heineman
- From the Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine at the Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine in Iowa
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Michele D, Luciano G, Massimiliano F, Stefano R, Roberta D, Ernesto S, Bruno A. Usefulness of CT-scan in the diagnosis and therapeutic approach of gallstone ileus: report of two surgically treated cases. BMC Surg 2013; 13 Suppl 2:S6. [PMID: 24268073 PMCID: PMC3850963 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-13-s2-s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gallstone ileus is a rare cause of gastrointestinal obstruction, more frequent in elderly patients, whose treatment is essentially surgical, although some para-surgical and mini-invasive possibilities exist, allowing the solution of such obstructive condition in a completely non-invasive way. Description In our study, after reporting two cases of biliary ileus managed by our surgical division, we will analyze the most suitable diagnostic procedures and the therapeutic approaches to this pathology. Conclusions Gallstone ileus is a quite rare pathology in population, but affects more frequently elderly people; The treatment of this disease is mainly surgical.
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Gurusamy KS, Koti R, Fusai G, Davidson BR. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated biliary colic. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013:CD007196. [PMID: 23813478 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd007196.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncomplicated biliary colic is one of the commonest indications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy involves several months of waiting if performed electively. However, people can develop life-threatening complications during this waiting period. OBJECTIVES To assess the benefits and harms of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for people with uncomplicated biliary colic due to gallstones. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded until March 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA We included only randomised clinical trials, irrespective of language and publication status. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently extracted the data. We sought to include data on short-term mortality (30-day mortality or in-hospital mortality), bile duct injury, other serious adverse events, quality of life, conversion to open cholecystectomy, length of hospital stay, operating time, and return to work. We planned to calculate the risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous outcomes using RevMan and based on intention-to-treat analysis when data were available. Since only one trial contributed data to this review, Fisher's exact test was used for binary outcomes. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. MAIN RESULTS Only one trial including 75 participants (average age: 43 years; females: 65% of participants), randomised to early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (less than 24 hours after diagnosis) (n = 35) or delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (mean waiting period of 4.2 months) (n = 40), contributed information to this review. The trial had a high risk of bias. Information on the outcome mortality was available for the 75 participants. Information on serious adverse events was available for 68 participants (28 people in the early group and 40 people in the delayed group). The other outcomes were available for 28 participants in the early laparoscopic cholecystectomy group and 35 participants in the delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy group. There were no deaths in the early group (0/35) (0%) versus 1/40 (2.5%) in the delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy group (P > 0.9999). There was no bile duct injury in either group. There were no serious adverse events related to the surgery in either group. During the waiting period, complications developed in the delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy group. The complications that the participants suffered included pancreatitis (n = 1), empyema of the gallbladder (n = 1), gallbladder perforation (n = 1), acute cholecystitis (n = 2), cholangitis (n = 2), obstructive jaundice (n = 2), and recurrent biliary colic (requiring hospital visits) (n = 5). In total, 14 participants required hospital admissions for the above symptoms. All of these admissions occurred in the delayed group as all the participants were operated on within 24 hours in the early group. The proportion of people who developed serious adverse events was 0/28 (0%) in the early group, which was significantly lower than in the delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy group 9/40 (22.5%) (P = 0.0082). This trial did not report quality of life or return to work. There was no significant difference in the proportion of people who required conversion to open cholecystectomy in the early group 0/28 (0%) compared with the delayed group (6/35 or 17.1%) (P = 0.0743). There was a statistically significant shorter hospital stay in the early group than in the delayed group (MD -1.25 days, 95% CI -2.05 to -0.45). There was a statistically significant shorter operating time in the early group than the delayed group (MD -14.80 minutes, 95% CI -18.02 to -11.58). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on evidence from only one high-bias risk trial, it appears that early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (less than 24 hours after diagnosis of biliary colic) decreases the morbidity during the waiting period for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy (mean waiting time 4.2 months), the hospital stay, and operating time. Further randomised clinical trials are necessary to confirm or refute these findings, and to determine if early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is better than the delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy if the waiting time is shortened further.
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Leeflang MMG, Rutjes AWS, Reitsma JB, Hooft L, Bossuyt PMM. Variation of a test's sensitivity and specificity with disease prevalence. CMAJ 2013; 185:E537-44. [PMID: 23798453 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anecdotal evidence suggests that the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic test may vary with disease prevalence. Our objective was to investigate the associations between disease prevalence and test sensitivity and specificity using studies of diagnostic accuracy. METHODS We used data from 23 meta-analyses, each of which included 10-39 studies (416 total). The median prevalence per review ranged from 1% to 77%. We evaluated the effects of prevalence on sensitivity and specificity using a bivariate random-effects model for each meta-analysis, with prevalence as a covariate. We estimated the overall effect of prevalence by pooling the effects using the inverse variance method. RESULTS Within a given review, a change in prevalence from the lowest to highest value resulted in a corresponding change in sensitivity or specificity from 0 to 40 percentage points. This effect was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for either sensitivity or specificity in 8 meta-analyses (35%). Overall, specificity tended to be lower with higher disease prevalence; there was no such systematic effect for sensitivity. INTERPRETATION The sensitivity and specificity of a test often vary with disease prevalence; this effect is likely to be the result of mechanisms, such as patient spectrum, that affect prevalence, sensitivity and specificity. Because it may be difficult to identify such mechanisms, clinicians should use prevalence as a guide when selecting studies that most closely match their situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariska M G Leeflang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Schmidt M, Dumot JA, Søreide O, Søndenaa K. Diagnosis and management of gallbladder calculus disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:1257-65. [PMID: 22935027 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2012.704934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number and rate of cholecystectomy are increasing worldwide, although indications for operative treatment remain empirical, and several issues in the understanding of the condition are not concisely outlined. Our intention is to summarize and interpret current opinion regarding the indications and timing of cholecystectomy in calculous gallbladder disease. METHODS Publications concerned with gallstone disease and related topics were searched for in MEDLINE using PubMed and summarized according to clinical scenarios with an emphasis on recent research. RESULTS Only one randomized controlled trial has investigated the management (conservative vs. surgery) of patients with acute cholecystitis and several have compared early with deferred surgery. Two RCTs have examined treatment of uncomplicated, symptomatic gallstone disease. Apart from these, the overwhelming majority of publications are retrospective case series. CONCLUSIONS Recent literature confirms that cholecystectomy for an asymptomatic or incidental gallstone is not justified. Symptomatic, uncomplicated gallstone disease may be classified into four severity groups based on severity and frequency of pain attacks, which may guide indication for cholecystectomy. Most patients below the age of 70 seem to prefer operative treatment. Acute cholecystitis may be treated with early operation if reduction of hospital days is an issue. Patients older than 70 years with significant comorbidities may forego surgical treatment without undue hazard. Symptoms following cholecystectomy remain in 25% or more and recent evidence suggest these are caused by a functional gastrointestinal disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Bivariate meta-analysis of predictive values of diagnostic tests can be an alternative to bivariate meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity. J Clin Epidemiol 2012; 65:1088-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Schmidt M, Søndenaa K, Dumot JA, Rosenblatt S, Hausken T, Ramnefjell M, Njølstad G, Eide GE. Post-cholecystectomy symptoms were caused by persistence of a functional gastrointestinal disorder. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:1365-72. [PMID: 22493550 PMCID: PMC3319963 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i12.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To classify gallstone disease as a basis for assessment of post-cholecystectomy symptoms.
METHODS: One hundred and fifty three patients with a clinical and ultrasonographic diagnosis of gallstones filled out a structured questionnaire on abdominal pain symptoms and functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) before and at six months after cholecystectomy. Symptom frequency groups (SFG) were categorized according to frequency of pain attacks. According to certain pain characteristics in gallstone patients, a gallstone symptom score was accorded on a scale from one to ten. A visual analogue scale was used to quantify pain. Operative specimens were examined for size and magnitude of stone contents as well as presence of bacteria. Follow-up took place after six months with either a consultation or via a mailed questionnaire. Results were compared with those obtained pre-operatively to describe and analyze symptomatic outcome.
RESULTS: SFG groups were categorized as severe (24.2%), moderate (38.6%), and mild (22.2%) attack frequency, and a chronic pain condition (15%). Pain was cured or improved in about 90% of patients and two-thirds of patients obtained complete symptom relief. Patients with the most frequent pain episodes were less likely to obtain symptom relief. FGID was present in 88% of patients pre-operatively and in 57% post-operatively (P = 0.244). Those that became asymptomatic or improved with regard to pain also had most relief from FGID (P = 0.001). No pre-operative FGID meant almost complete cure.
CONCLUSION: Only one third of patients with FGID experienced postoperative relief, indicating that FGID was a dominant cause of post-cholecystectomy symptoms.
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Abstract
Evaluation of the emergency department patient with acute abdominal pain may be challenging. Many factors can obscure the clinical findings leading to incorrect diagnosis and subsequent adverse outcomes. Clinicians must consider multiple diagnoses with limited time and information, giving priority to life-threatening conditions that require expeditious management to avoid morbidity and mortality. This article seeks to provide the clinician with the clinical tools to achieve these goals by reviewing the anatomic and physiological basis of abdominal pain and key components of the history and the physical examination. In addition, this article discusses the approach to unstable patients with abdominal pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert McNamara
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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Privette TW, Carlisle MC, Palma JK. Emergencies of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2011; 29:293-317, viii-ix. [DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Borrell-Carrió F, Poveda BF, Seco EM, Castillejo JAP, González MP, Rodríguez EP. Family physicians’ ability to detect a physical sign (hepatomegaly) from an unannounced standardized patient (incognito SP). Eur J Gen Pract 2011; 17:95-102. [DOI: 10.3109/13814788.2010.549223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Domínguez LC, Sanabria A, Vega V, Osorio C. Early laparoscopy for the evaluation of nonspecific abdominal pain: a critical appraisal of the evidence. Surg Endosc 2010; 25:10-8. [PMID: 20589513 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-010-1145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Currently there is no evidence for prophylactic cholecystectomy to prevent gallstone formation (grade B). Cholecystectomy cannot be recommended for any group of patients having asymptomatic gallstones except in those undergoing major upper abdominal surgery for other pathologies (grade B). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred treatment for all patient groups with symptomatic gallstones (grade B). Patients with gallstones along with common bile duct stones treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy should undergo cholecystectomy (grade A). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with laparoscopic common bile duct exploration or with intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy is the preferred treatment for obstructive jaundice caused by common bile duct stones, when the expertise and infrastructure are available (grade B).
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal treatment for patients with suspected biliary dyskinesia is controversial. Some studies found that cholecystectomy produced symptomatic improvement in patients with gallbladder dyskinesia (diagnosed by low gallbladder ejection fraction) while others found no significant benefit. Some studies have shown that gallbladder ejection fraction can discriminate patients who would benefit from cholecystectomy. Other studies have not confirmed this. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review was to compare the benefits and harms of cholecystectomy for patients with suspected gallbladder dyskinesia. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched The Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group Controlled Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) in The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Science Citation Index Expanded until March 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA We considered for inclusion all randomised clinical trials comparing cholecystectomy versus no cholecystectomy on patients with gallbladder dyskinesia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We collected the data on the characteristics, methodological quality, mortality, number of patients in whom symptoms were improved or cured from the one identified trial. We planned to analyse the data using the fixed-effect and the random-effects models using RevMan Analysis. For each outcome we planned to calculate the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals based on intention-to-treat analysis. MAIN RESULTS We included one trial with 21 patients randomised: 11 to cholecystectomy and 10 to control (no cholecystectomy). This trial was considered to be of high risk of bias as patients were not blinded and the procedure-related morbidity was not reported. There was no mortality in either group. All patients in the cholecystectomy group and only one patient in the control group had improvement in symptoms (P = 0.0001) after a mean follow-up period of 33.6 months. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The evidence for the benefits and harms of cholecystectomy in gallbladder dyskinesia from randomised clinical trials is based on a single small trial at risk of bias. Further randomised clinical trials with improved bias control are necessary to confirm or reject the promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurinchi Selvan Gurusamy
- University Department of Surgery, Royal Free Hospital and University College School of Medicine, 9th Floor, Royal Free Hospital, Pond Street, London, UK, NW3 2QG.
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