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Peddiahgari Vasu GR, Motakatla Venkata KR, Kakarla RR, Ranganath KVS, Aminabhavi TM. Recent advances in sustainable N-heterocyclic carbene-Pd(II)-pyridine (PEPPSI) catalysts: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 225:115515. [PMID: 36842701 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Various catalysts in homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis deploy unconventional reaction pathways by lowering the activation energy (AE) barrier, controlling the selectivity, and creating environmental impact, thereby bringing about economic viability. Hence, the study of these methodologies is of immense interest. To develop a new chemistry, there is much scope for the invention of brilliant candidates that could effectively catalyze diverse reaction methodologies. The palladium-catalyzed reactions motivate interesting applications on various organic transformations under mild reaction conditions. Although phosphorous designed ligands or catalysts have been used, despite their expensiveness, sensitivity and other properties, there is the necessity of developing even better cross-coupling ligands or catalysts such as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based palladium complexes. These palladium-NHCs (Pd-NHC) are novel and universal nucleophilic entities that have come into light as the most successful class of catalysts in organometallic chemistry. In the same class, a specific category of palladium-NHCs such as palladium-pyridine enhanced pre-catalyst preparation by the stabilization initiation (palladium-PEPPSI) complexes, are emerging as versatile alternatives to phosphine containing palladium complexes for various cross-coupling reactions due to their excellent catalytic activity. Further to mention that NHCs are recently extensively used as ancillary ligands in organometallic chemistry, which includes industrial-related catalytic transformations due to strong σ-donors to metal centres. Apart from this, many NHC-metal complexes are the fascinating consideration in material science as probable metallo-pharmaceuticals. The current review offers a brief exploration of palladium-PEPPSI complexes over the past few years. Further, the synthesis of a variety of these types of catalysts, their applications in Suzuki-Miyaura, Buchwald-Hartwig, Sonogashira, Negishi couplings direct C2-arylation, O-C(O) cleavage, α-arylation/alkylation of carbonyl compounds and trans-amidation reactions via cross-coupling methodologies, which are covered. Additionally, reported recent developments on reusable heterogeneous PdPEPPSI complexes and their catalytic applications are being covered. Finally, the chiral Pd complexes and their asymmetric transformations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raghava Reddy Kakarla
- School Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Center for Energy and Environment, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India; Karnatak University, Dharwad, 58003, India; University Center for Research & Development (UCRO), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
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Pd-PEPPSI complexes in water: Synthesis of (E)-2-(styryl)pyridines via Heck coupling reaction and screening of the optoelectronicproperties. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
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Sreelakshmi P, Krishna BS, Santhisudha S, Murali S, Reddy GR, Venkataramaiah C, Rao PV, Reddy AVK, Swetha V, Zyryanov GV, Reddy CD, Reddy CS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel dialkyl (4-amino-5H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)phosphonates. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106121. [PMID: 36075177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the design and synthesis of novel dialkyl (4-amino-5H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)phosphonates as potential antitumor agents against A549 (lung cancer), DU-145 (prostate cancer), PC-3 (prostate cancer), HeLa (cervical cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer), cell lines evidenced from the in vitro antitumor studies performed by MTT assay (across 10-30 μM concentrations). The structural eminence of these synthesized molecules has emanated by designing the structural core by uniting the chromene, pyrimidine and phosphonate moieties into one, which has augmented their novelty and made them unreported. Further the deep structural activity relationship study investigations articulated that the title compounds are promising drug-like compounds and potential inhibitor of histidine amino acid residue present on the respective enzymatic proteins [3QJZ (A549), 3VHE (DU-145), 3V49 (PC-3), 3F81 (HeLa), & 3R7Q (MCF-7)] of the cell lines screened and are identified as responsible for the multi-faceted antitumor activities predicted in vitro. The obtained results were further supported by molecular docking studies, QSAR, ADMET, and bioactivity studies which have supported them as potential BBB penetrable molecules and proficient CNS active neuro-protective agents during drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poola Sreelakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | | | - Sarva Santhisudha
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | - Sudileti Murali
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India
| | | | - Chintha Venkataramaiah
- Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517 502, India; Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao
- Centre for International Collaboration and Research, Reva University, Rukmini Knowledge Park, Bangalore 560 064, India; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Jl Riau Ujung No. 73, Pekanbaru 28292, Riau, Indonesia.
| | - Avula Vijaya Kumar Reddy
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
| | - Vallela Swetha
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Vasilievich Zyryanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation; Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, 22 S., Kovalevskoy Street, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russian Federation
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Anusha G, Indira M, Kumar IS, Sarma LS, Reddy KR, Govardhana Reddy PV, Aminabhavi TM. Synthesis of bis-1,3-(benz)azoles catalyzed by palladium-PEPPSI complex-based catalysts and the study of photophysical properties. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134751. [PMID: 35490757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many biologically potent molecules have been identified to consist of benzo [b]azoles skeleton that are regarded to be the most important drug targets. Specifically, bis-benzo azoles have been the privileged conjugated structures due to their broad applications in environmental catalysis, and synthesis of various polymers, advanced materials, ligands, and natural products. Considering the significant features, different approaches have been attempted to synthesize such molecules via C-H activations by utilizing the transition metal complexes. In this study, we have developed facile and efficient Pd-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, i.e., Pd-PEPPSI (Palladium-Pyridine Enhanced Pre-catalyst Preparation Stabilization and Initiation) catalysts that could successfully activate C-H bond and construct C-C bond between two 1,3-(benz)azoles via intermolecular oxidative homo-coupling reaction. The prepared Pd NHC catalysts were characterized by NMR and XPS. Pd NHCs concern about the special electronic and steric factors as the strong σ-donating and poor π-accepting properties of these nuclei renders great diversity in the field of transition metal catalysis as ancillary ligands and catalysts. Key factors of this methodology include low catalyst load, good substrate scope (even with sterically hindered substituted components), but no necessity of any extraneous ligands/oxidants and working at ambient reaction conditions with good to excellent yields of the products. Further, the targeted bis azole molecules have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and cyclic voltammetric (CV) studies. The fluorescence and absorption spectra of a few of the synthesized compounds revealed that the electron-donating groups present on N-substituent dictate the absorption and emission bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokanapalli Anusha
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005, India
| | - Meeniga Indira
- Department of Chemistry, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh 516005, India
| | - Irla Siva Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560080, India
| | | | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School Chemical Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | | | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580 031, Karnatak, India; Chandigarh University, NH-95 Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Buchwald–Hartwig reaction: an update. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Reddy MVK, Rao KY, Anusha G, Kumar GM, Damu AG, Reddy KR, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM, Reddy PVG. In-vitro evaluation of antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of novel pyridine, quinoxaline and s-triazine derivatives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 199:111320. [PMID: 33991570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterase enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) cause hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter responsible for the cognitive functions of the brain such as acquiring knowledge and comprehension. Therefore, inhibition of these enzymes is an effective process to curb the progressive and fatal neurological Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we explored the potential inhibitory activities of various pyridine, quinoxaline, and triazine derivatives (3a-k, 6a-j and 11a-h) against AChE and BuChE enzymes by following the modified Ellman's method. Further, anti-oxidant property of these libraries was monitored using DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazylhydrate) radical scavenging analysis. From the studies, we identified that compounds 6e, 6f, 11b and 11f behaved as selective AChE inhibitors with IC50 values ranging from 7.23 to 10.35 μM. Further studies revealed good anti-oxidant activity by these compounds with IC50 values in the range of 14.80-27.22 μM. The kinetic studies of the active analogues demonstrated mixed-type of inhibition due to their interaction with both the catalytic active sites (CAS) and peripheral anionic sites (PAS) of the AChE. Additionally, molecular simulation in association with fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic analyses explained strong affinities of inhibitors to bind with AChE enzyme at the physiological pH of 7.2. Binding constant values of 5.4 × 104, 4.3 × 104, 3.2 × 104 and 4.9 × 104 M-1 corresponding to free energy changes -5.593, -6.799, -6.605 and -8.104 KcalM-1 were obtained at 25 °C from fluorescence emission spectroscopic studies of 6e, 6f, 11b and 11f, respectively. Besides, CD spectroscopy deliberately explained the secondary structure of AChE partly unfolded upon binding with these dynamic molecules. Excellent in vitro profiles of distinct quinoxaline and triazine compounds highlighted them as the potential leads compared to pyridine derivatives, suggesting a path towards developing preventive or therapeutic targets to treat the Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V K Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - K Y Rao
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G Anusha
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - G M Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A G Damu
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Peddiahgari Vasu Govardhana Reddy
- Department of Chemistry, Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry Laboratories, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Gokanapalli A, Motakatla VKR, Peddiahgari VGR. Investigation of Pd‐PEPPSI catalysts and coupling partners towards direct C2‐arylation/heteroarylation of benzoxazole. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Balam SK, Soora Harinath J, Krishnammagari SK, Gajjala RR, Polireddy K, Baki VB, Gu W, Valasani KR, Avula VKR, Vallela S, Zyryanov GV, Pasupuleti VR, Cirandur SR. Synthesis and Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Activity Studies of Novel 3-Amino-2-hydroxybenzofused 2-Phospha-γ-lactones. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11375-11388. [PMID: 34056293 PMCID: PMC8153908 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A series of 3-amino-2-hydroxybenzofused
2-phosphalactones (4a–l) has been synthesized
from the Kabachnik–Fields
reaction via a facile route from a one-pot three-component
reaction of diphenylphosphite with various 2-hydroxybenzaldehyes and
heterocyclic amines in a new way of expansion. The in vitro anti-cell proliferation studies by MTT assay have revealed them
as potential Panc-1, Miapaca-2, and BxPC-3 pancreatic cell growth
inhibitors, and the same is supported by molecular docking, QSAR,
and ADMET studies. The MTT assay of their SAHA derivatives against
the same cell lines evidenced them as potential HDAC inhibitors and
identified 4a, 4b, and 4k substituted
with 1,3-thiazol, 1,3,4-thiadiazol, and 5-sulfanyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol
moieties on phenyl and diethylamino phenyl rings as potential ones.
Additionally, the flow cytometric analyses of 4a, 4b, and 4k against BxPC-3 cells revealed compound 4k as a lead compound that arrests the S phase
cell cycle growth at low micromolar concentrations. The ADMET properties
have ascertained their inherent pharmacokinetic potentiality, and
the wholesome results prompted us to report it as the first study
on anti-pancreatic cancer activity of cyclic α-aminophosphonates.
Ultimately, this study serves as a good contribution to update the
existing knowledge on the anticancer organophosphorus heterocyclic
compounds and elevates the scope for generation of new anticancer
drugs. Further, the studies like QSAR, drug properties, toxicity risks,
and bioactivity scores predicted for them have ascertained the synthesized
compounds as newer and potential drug candidates. Hence, this study
had augmented the array of α-aminophosphonates by adding a new
collection of 3-amino-2-hydroxybenzofused 2-phosphalactones, a class
of cyclic α-aminophosphonates, to it, which proved them as potential
anti-pancreatic cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kishore Polireddy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Vijaya Bhaskar Baki
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Koteswara Rao Valasani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Vijaya Kumar Reddy Avula
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
| | - Swetha Vallela
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Vasilievich Zyryanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
- Ural Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russian Federation
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abdurrab University, Jl Riau Ujung No. 73, Pekanbaru 28292, Riau, Indonesia
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Nadiveedhi M, Nuthalapati P, Gundluru M, Yanamula MR, Kallimakula SV, Pasupuleti VR, Avula VKR, Vallela S, Zyryanov GV, Balam SK, Cirandur SR. Green Synthesis, Antioxidant, and Plant Growth Regulatory Activities of Novel α-Furfuryl-2-alkylaminophosphonates. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:2934-2948. [PMID: 33553912 PMCID: PMC7860093 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel α-furfuryl-2-alkylaminophosphonates have been efficiently synthesized from the one-pot three-component classical Kabachnik-Fields reaction in a green chemical approach by addition of an in situ generated dialkylphosphite to Schiff's base of aldehydes and amines by using environmental and eco-friendly silica gel supported iodine as a catalyst by microwave irradiation. The advantage of this protocol is simplicity in experimental procedures and products were resulted in high isolated yields. The synthesized α-furfuryl-2-alkylaminophosphonates were screened to in vitro antioxidant and plant growth regulatory activities and some are found to be potent with antioxidant and plant growth regulatory activities. These in vitro studies have been further supported by ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity), quantitative structure-activity relationship, molecular docking, and bioactivity studies and identified that they were potentially bound to the GLN340 amino acid residue in chain C of 1DNU protein and TYR597 amino acid residue in chain A of 4M7E protein, causing potential exhibition of antioxidant and plant growth regulatory activities. Eventually, title compounds are identified as good blood-brain barrier (BBB)-penetrable compounds and are considered as proficient central nervous system active and neuroprotective antioxidant agents as the neuroprotective property is determined with BBB penetration thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poojith Nuthalapati
- Sri
Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Gundluru
- Department
of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
- DST-PURSE
Centre, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mohan Reddy Yanamula
- Department
of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Vijaya Kumar Reddy Avula
- Chemical
Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
| | - Swetha Vallela
- Chemical
Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Vasilievich Zyryanov
- Chemical
Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation
- Ural
Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, 22 S. Kovalevskoy Street, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russian Federation
| | - Satheesh Krishna Balam
- Department
of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Suresh Reddy Cirandur
- Department
of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Gokanapalli A, Motakatla VKR, Peddiahgari VGR. Benzimidazole bearing Pd–PEPPSI complexes catalyzed direct C2‐arylation/heteroarylation of
N
‐substituted benzimidazoles. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Gokanapalli
- Department of Chemistry Yogi Vemana University Kadapa‐516005 Andhra Pradesh India
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Reddy MVK, Anusha G, Reddy PVG. Sterically enriched bulky 1,3-bis(N,N′-aralkyl)benzimidazolium based Pd-PEPPSI complexes for Buchwald–Hartwig amination reactions. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01294g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient synthesis of a series of unexisting Pd-PEPPSI complexes is summarized. These complexes are exploited for their high catalytic activity towards Buchwald–Hartwig amination.
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