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Rohlfs ICPDM, Noce F, Gabbett TJ, Wilke C, Vido M, Terry VR, Terry PC. Psychometric Characteristics of the Brazil Mood Scale among Youth and Elite Athletes Using Two Response Time Frames. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:244. [PMID: 38133111 PMCID: PMC10747205 DOI: 10.3390/sports11120244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular assessment of the mood construct as an indicator of psychological wellbeing is used in Brazil to screen athletes for risk of mental health issues. The present study tested the psychometric characteristics of the Brazil Mood Scale (BRAMS) using both "right now" and "past week" response time frames and investigated between-group differences in mood based on athletes' sex, age, and social vulnerability. Participants were 898 athletes (511 male, 387 female, age range: 12-44 years) from eight sports. The factorial validity of the BRAMS was supported using both response time frames independently and in a multi-sample analysis. Subscale reliability was supported for both time frames. Fatigue, depression, and tension scores were higher using the "past week" time frame than the "right now" time frame. Males reported higher vigor scores than females, and younger participants (<18 years) reported lower scores for anger and depression than older participants (18+ years). No significant differences in mood (p > 0.05) were found between participants identified as socially vulnerable and those who were not socially vulnerable. Findings supported the psychometric integrity of the BRAMS and its use as a screening measure for psychological wellbeing among youth and elite athletes in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabel Cristina Provenza de Miranda Rohlfs
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;
- Unified Center for the Identification and Development of Performance Athletes (CUIDAR), Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro 22430-041, Brazil
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Franco Noce
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.N.); (C.W.)
| | - Tim J. Gabbett
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; (T.J.G.); (V.R.T.)
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Health Innovation and Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Carolina Wilke
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (F.N.); (C.W.)
- Faculty of Sport, Technology and Health Sciences, St. Mary’s University, London TW1 4SX, UK
| | - Marcelo Vido
- Executive Board of Olympic Sports, Clube de Regatas do Flamengo, Rio de Janeiro 22430-041, Brazil;
| | - Victoria R. Terry
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; (T.J.G.); (V.R.T.)
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
| | - Peter C. Terry
- School of Psychology and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, QLD 4305, Australia; (T.J.G.); (V.R.T.)
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2
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Vlachopoulos SP, Lane AM, Terry PC. A Greek Translation of the Brunel Mood Scale: Initial Validation among Exercise Participants and Inactive Adults. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:234. [PMID: 38133101 PMCID: PMC10748169 DOI: 10.3390/sports11120234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to provide initial validity evidence of a Greek translation of the 24-item Brunel Mood Scale, referred to as the BRUMS-Greek, a measure of anger, confusion, depression, fatigue, tension, and vigour. Data were collected from 1417 Greek adult exercise participants and 369 physically inactive adults, totaling 1786 adults (male = 578, female = 1208) aged 18-64 years (M = 34.73 ± 11.81 years). Given the large univariate and multivariate non-normality, a confirmatory factor analyses treating responses as ordered categorical variables was conducted which supported the hypothesised six-correlated factor measurement model. The internal consistency reliability of the BRUMS-Greek subscales was supported via Cronbach alpha coefficients. The construct validity of the scales was supported (a) via correlations in the hypothesised direction with trait positive and negative affect, (b) with more positive and less negative moods reported immediately after participation in a single exercise class compared to pre-exercise mood, and (c) with exercise participants reporting more positive and less negative mood states compared to physically inactive adults. Women reported higher tension and lower vigour scores than men. Tension scores were higher and confusion scores lower among younger participants (≤35 years) than older participants (≥36 years). Participants with obesity reported higher negative mood scores than those who were underweight or normal weight. In sum, the BRUMS-Greek demonstrated acceptable psychometric characteristics, and is proposed to be a suitable measure for use with exercise participants, physically inactive adults, and other Greek populations to explore research questions related to mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symeon P. Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Social Research on Physical Activity, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 62122 Serres, Greece;
| | - Andrew M. Lane
- School of Psychology, Psychological Research Centre, University of Wolverhampton, Walsall WS1 3BD, UK
| | - Peter C. Terry
- School of Psychology & Wellbeing, Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia;
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3
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Kim KN, Emert SE, Huskey A, Taylor DJ. Sleep and Mental Health in Athletes. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-022-00240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kullik L, Kellmann M, Puta C, Jakowski S. Sleep behavior and training load in adolescent elite basketball players during COVID-19 pandemic development. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1454-1464. [PMID: 36036080 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2117051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused strong restrictions in organized sports. Specifically, adolescent athletes, whose daily routine is usually determined by school and practice schedules, experienced a sudden lifestyle change. The aim of this study was to examine sleep and training patterns of German elite adolescent basketball players (N = 115, 15.70 ± 1.22 years, female = 32.17%) during different phases of the 2021 lockdown. Sleep and training behavior were documented by a subjective monitoring over 10 days at three different lockdown phases in February, April, and June/July. A linear mixed model approach was conducted for the statistical analyses. Sleep duration and time in bed decreased between phase 1 (prohibition of organized sports) and phase 3 (normal training conditions), while sleep efficiency and quality increased. There was no change in training duration over time, but in training intensity, which peaked in the third phase. This study contains meaningful evidence to analyze the lockdown-related return to practice process. Athletes were able to maintain training duration with alternative protocols during pandemic conditions. Interestingly, athletes slept less under non-lockdown conditions, but reported a better sleep quality. It is recommended to consider athletes' individual preferences when planning training and recovery schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kullik
- Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Kellmann
- Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany.,Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases Related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sarah Jakowski
- Department of Sport Psychology, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Boujelbane MA, Khacharem A, Elghoul Y, Boukhris O, Aziz AR, Taheri M, Irandoust K, Khanfir S, Chtourou H, Clark CC, Terry PC. Ramadan observance is associated with higher fatigue and lower vigor in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2022:1-28. [DOI: 10.1080/1750984x.2022.2106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Institute of Sport Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UPL, Paris Nanterre University, UFR STAPS, Nanterre, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Boujelbane
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Aimen Khacharem
- UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Yousri Elghoul
- Research Lab Education, Motricity, Sport and Health LR19JS01, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Physical Activity, Sport and Health Research Unit, UR18JS01, National Sport Observatory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Abdul Rashid Aziz
- Sport Physiology, Sport Science and Sport Medicine, Singapore Sport Institute, Singapore
| | | | | | - Saber Khanfir
- Faculty of Medecine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Peter C. Terry
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
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Saddoud A, Rekik G, Belkhir Y, Kammoun N, Hidouri S, Chlif M, Jarraya M. One night of total sleep deprivation impairs decision-making skills, anaerobic performances, mood states, and perceptual responses in elite Kung-Fu athletes. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2022.2090673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anis Saddoud
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé (EM2S, LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ghazi Rekik
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé (EM2S, LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yosra Belkhir
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé (EM2S, LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Ksar-Saïd, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Physical Education, Al-Udhailiyah Primary School for Girls, Al-Farwaniyah, Kuwait
| | - Noureddine Kammoun
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Hidouri
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mehdi Chlif
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Sports Performance Optimization, National Center of Medicine and Science in Sports (NCMSS), Tunis, Tunisia
- EA 3300 “APS and Motor Patterns: Adaptations-Rehabilitation”, Picardie Jules Verne University, Amiens, France
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport Et Santé (EM2S, LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Wang HT, Chen YS, Rekik G, Yang CC, Lai MS, Tai HL. The effect of listening to preferred music after a stressful task on performance and psychophysiological responses in collegiate golfers. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13557. [PMID: 35669960 PMCID: PMC9166680 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study explores whether listening to preferred music after a stressful situation affects putting and swinging performance, heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), and anxiety among amateur golfers. Methods Twenty healthy amateur collegiate golfers voluntarily participated in this study (age 20.1 ± 1.17 yrs., height = 173.8 ± 7.74 cm, body weight = 72.35 ± 12.67 kg). Pre- and post-intervention HR and HRV measurements were taken, along with a self-report of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S) and Triple Factor Anxiety Inventory (TFAI). Participants were exposed to a stressful situation through the Stroop Colour and Word Test (SCWT) and then instructed to perform three golf-practice sessions in a golf simulator, separated by 48-72 hours of recovery, under different conditions: control, pre-task music, and synchronised music. Results No significant difference was identified between the experimental conditions for swinging (in terms of total distance (p = 0.116), carry distance (p = 0.608), speed of the ball (p = 0.819), and launch angle (p = 0.550) and putting performance (the number of successful putts on target (p > 0.05) and distance error between the target and ball (p = 0.122). No main effect for condition and time of intervention, as well as no interaction between these two factors was found for HR, HRV, and STAI-S (p = 0.116). However, the pre and post-intervention percentages of physiological items of the TFAI indicated a large, significant difference in synchronised music trial (p = 0.012, pre-task trial = -1.92% < control trial = 0% < synchronised trial = 4.58%). Conclusions The results imply that following a stressful situation, listening to preferred music before and/or during golf has no immediate effect on golf performance, anxiety, and psychophysiological responses in collegiate golfers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tsung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan,Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ghazi Rekik
- Tanyu Research Laboratory, Taipei, Taiwan,Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health (LR19JS01), High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Sfax University, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Chia-Chen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Sheng Lai
- Department of Leisure and Recreation Management, Taipei City University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsia-Ling Tai
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan,Department and Graduate Institute of Physical Education, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Lu J, An Y, Qiu J. Relationship between sleep quality, mood state, and performance of elite air-rifle shooters. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:32. [PMID: 35216616 PMCID: PMC8881879 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background To evaluate the impact of pre-competition sleep quality on the mood and performance of elite air-rifle shooters.
Methods Elite shooters who participated in an air-rifle shooting-competition from April 2019 to October 2019 were evaluated using actigraphy, including Total Sleep Time (TST), Sleep Efficiency (SE), Sleep Latency (SL), Wake-time after Sleep Onset (WASO). Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Profile of Mood State (POMS). Mood state was assessed by Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. Results Study included 23 shooters, of them 13 male and 10 female with the mean age 23.11 ± 4.82 years. The average time to fall asleep was 20.6 ± 14.9 min, TST was 7.0 ± 0.8 h and SE was 85.9 ± 5.3%. Average sleep quality was 5.2 ± 2.2 and tended to decrease as the competition progressed. Pre-competition sleep time in female athletes was significantly higher compared to the competition day (P = 0.05). Pre-competition SL was significantly longer in women than in men (P = 0.021). During training and pre-competition, the tension, fatigue, depression, and emotional disturbance were significantly lower in athletes with good sleep quality. Athletes with good sleep quality had significantly more energy. The PSQI total score positively correlated with cognitive anxiety (r = 0.471, P < 0.01), and somatic anxiety (r = 0.585, P < 0.01), and negatively correlated with energy (− 0.504, P < 0.01) and self-confidence scores (r = − 0.523, P < 0.01). Conclusion Poor sleep quality negatively impacted the mood of athletes; however, sleep indices and competition performance of athletes during competitions were not significantly correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Lu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Yan An
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Qiu
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China.
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9
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Glenn JM, Boukhris O, Khacharem A, Bouaziz B, Zmijewski P, Lanteri P, Garbarino S, Clark CCT, Chamari K, Bragazzi NL, Hill D, Chtourou H. Does observance of Ramadan affect sleep in athletes and physically active individuals? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13503. [PMID: 34693577 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an accurate description of the effect of Ramadan observance on sleep duration, sleep quality, daily nap duration, and daytime sleepiness in athletes and physically active individuals. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley, and Taylor and Francis) were used to search for relevant studies conducted with athletes or physically active individuals during Ramadan, published in any language, and available before May 23, 2021. Studies that included assessments of sleep quantity and/or quality, and/or daytime sleepiness, and/or daily naps in athletes and physically active individuals were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using "QualSyst". Of the 18 papers included in this study (298 participants in total), 14 were of strong quality, two were moderate, and the remaining two were rated as weak. Individuals who continued to train during Ramadan experienced a decrease in sleep duration (number of studies, K = 17, number of participants, N = 289, g = -0.766, 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.199 to -0.333, p = 0.001). Additionally, the global score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index increased from 4.053 (K = 5, N = 65, 95% CI 3.071-5.034) pre-Ramadan, to 5.346 (95% CI 4.362-6.333) during Ramadan, indicating a decrease in sleep quality. The duration of daytime naps increased during compared to pre-Ramadan (K = 2, N = 31, g = 1.020, 95% CI 0.595-1.445, p = 0.000), whereas Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores remained unchanged during versus pre-Ramadan (K = 3, N = 31, g = 0.190, 95% CI -0.139-0.519, p = 0.257). In conclusion, individuals who continued to train during Ramadan experienced a decrease in sleep duration, impairment of sleep quality, and increase in daytime nap duration, with no change in daytime sleepiness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, Nanterre, France
| | - Jordan M Glenn
- Department of Health, Exercise Science Research Center Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Omar Boukhris
- Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Aimen Khacharem
- LIRTES (EA 7313), UFR SESS-STAPS, Paris-East Créteil University, Créteil, France
| | - Bassem Bouaziz
- Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Laboratory "Sport Performance Optimization", (CNMSS); ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Nicola L Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Hill
- Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,Research Unit, "Physical Activity, Sport and Health", UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis, Tunisia
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10
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Bazett-Jones DM, Garcia MC, Taylor-Haas JA, Long JT, Rauh MJ, Paterno MV, Ford KR. Changes in Motivation, Socialization, Wellness and Mental Health in Youth Long-Distance Runners During COVID-19 Social Distancing Restrictions. Front Sports Act Living 2021; 3:696264. [PMID: 34553139 PMCID: PMC8450500 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.696264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the sporting and exercise activities of millions of youth. Running is an activity that could be maintained while social distancing restrictions were implemented during the pandemic. However, a recent study has indicated that youth runners reported lower running distance, frequency, and intensity during COVID-19. The reason for this reduction and the impact on overall well-being is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if the social distancing restrictions during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic influenced running motives, socialization, wellness and mental health in youth long-distance runners. Methods: A customized, open online questionnaire was provided to runners 9–19 years of age who participated in long-distance running activities including team/club cross-country, track and field (distances ≥800 m), road races, or recreational running. Participants responded to questions about demographics, motive for running, and wellness (sleep quality, anxiety, running enjoyment, food consumption quality) 6-months before as well as during social distancing restrictions due to COVID-19. Wilcoxon signed rank tests compared differences for ratio data and Chi-square tests were used to compare proportions before and during COVID-19 social distancing restrictions. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 287 youth long-distance runners (male = 124, female = 162, unspecified = 1; age = 15.3 ± 1.7 years; running experience = 5.0 ± 2.3 years) participated. Compared to their pre-COVID-19 responses, youth long-distance runners reported lower overall motivation to run (p < 0.001) and changes to most motive rankings (p < 0.001 to p = 0.71). The proportion of youth running alone increased during COVID-19 (65.8%) compared to pre-COVID-19 (13.8%, p < 0.001). Youth long-distance runners also reported less running enjoyment (p = 0.001), longer sleep duration (p < 0.001), lower sleep quality (p = 0.05), more anxiety (p = 0.043), and lower food quality consumed (p < 0.001) during COVID-19 social distance restrictions. Conclusion: The COVID-19 social distancing restrictions resulted in significant decreases in motivation and enjoyment of running. The removal of competition and team-based interactions likely had a role in these decreases for this population. Continuing team-based activities (e.g., virtual) during social distancing may help with maintaining motivation of youth long-distance runners. Reduced running occurred concurrently with reduced overall well-being of youth long-distance runners during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Bazett-Jones
- Motion Analysis and Integrative Neurophysiology Laboratory, School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Micah C Garcia
- Motion Analysis and Integrative Neurophysiology Laboratory, School of Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Jeffery A Taylor-Haas
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jason T Long
- Motion Analysis Laboratory, Division of Occupational and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Mitchell J Rauh
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Program, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mark V Paterno
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Kevin R Ford
- Department of Physical Therapy, Congdon School of Health Sciences, High Point University, High Point, NC, United States
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11
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Bourdas DI, Zacharakis ED, Travlos AK, Souglis A. Return to Basketball Play Following COVID-19 Lockdown. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9060081. [PMID: 34204988 PMCID: PMC8228181 DOI: 10.3390/sports9060081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to concerns regarding the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19), major sporting events and activities have been temporarily suspended or postponed, and a new radical sports protocol has emerged. For most sports there are few recommendations based on scientific evidence for returning to team-game activities following the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions, the extended duration of lockdown, and self-training or detraining in the COVID-19 environment, and this is especially true for basketball. A post-lockdown return to the basketball court ultimately depends on the teams-coaches, trainers, players, and medical staff. Nevertheless, our current scientific knowledge is evidently insufficient as far as safety and return-to-play timing are concerned. This situation presents a major challenge to basketball competition in terms of organization, prioritization, maintaining physical fitness, and decision-making. While preparing an adequate basketball return program, the players' health is the major priority. In this article we briefly discuss the topic and propose multiple strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios I. Bourdas
- Section of Sport Medicine & Biology of Exercise, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistasis, 17237 Daphne, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Emmanouil D. Zacharakis
- Section of Didactics and Coaching in Sport Games, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistasis, 17237 Daphne, Greece; (E.D.Z.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonios K. Travlos
- Department of Sports Organization and Management, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Efstathiou and Stamatikis Valioti & Plataion Avenue, 23100 Sparta, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Souglis
- Section of Didactics and Coaching in Sport Games, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 41 Ethnikis Antistasis, 17237 Daphne, Greece; (E.D.Z.); (A.S.)
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Walts CT, Murphy SM, Stearne DJ, Rieger RH, Clark KP. Effects of a Flexible Workout System on Performance Gains in Collegiate Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 2021; 35:1187-1193. [PMID: 33900253 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Walts, CT, Murphy, SM, Stearne, DJ, Rieger, RH, and Clark, KP. Effects of a flexible workout system on performance gains in collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1187-1193, 2021-Although research on the topic of periodization is abundant, investigations into different flexible periodization strategies in collegiate athletes are limited. Furthermore, how state of readiness (SOR) and workout autonomy affect training improvements is largely unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if a flexible periodization (FP) program would elicit significantly greater performance gains compared with a nonflexible periodization (NP) program (significance set p ≤ 0.05). A total of 32 male and female intercollegiate lacrosse players completed performance measures of vertical jump, sprinting speed, change of direction, and strength in bench press and deadlift. After pretesting, subjects were matched and randomly assigned to either FP (n = 17, age = 19.4 ± 1.4 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.10 m, mass = 72.29 ± 13.73 kg) or NP (n = 15, age = 19.9 ± 1.5 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.08 m, mass = 71.68 ± 13.55 kg) training groups. Both groups trained 3 days per week for 8 weeks. The NP group completed all workout volume and intensity as prescribed by a certified strength and conditioning coach. However, the FP group modified workout volume and intensity based on a daily SOR questionnaire. Although appreciable pretest to posttest improvements were observed for the entire subject cohort, multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a series of ANOVA tests demonstrated no statistically significant between-group differences for pretest to posttest changes on any of the performance tests (range of p values: 0.17-0.95). Although FP does not seem to be more effective than NP for eliciting performance gains, it may provide greater opportunities for autonomy while eliciting equivalent improvement levels. Therefore, flexible periodization based on SOR may be a viable training strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory T Walts
- Department of Athletics, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania
- Department of Athletics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sabrina M Murphy
- Department of Athletics, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania
- Department of Athletics, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania; and
- Departments of Kinesiology and
| | | | - Randall H Rieger
- Mathematics, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, Pennsylvania
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Hrozanova M, Klöckner CA, Sandbakk Ø, Pallesen S, Moen F. Reciprocal Associations Between Sleep, Mental Strain, and Training Load in Junior Endurance Athletes and the Role of Poor Subjective Sleep Quality. Front Psychol 2020; 11:545581. [PMID: 33154725 PMCID: PMC7586313 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.545581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of adequate sleep for athletic functioning is well established. Still, the literature shows that many athletes report sleep of suboptimal quality or quantity. To date, no research has investigated how bidirectional variations in mental and physiological states influence sleep patterns. The present study, therefore, investigates reciprocal associations between sleep, mental strain, and training load by utilizing a prospective, observational design. In all, 56 junior endurance athletes were followed over 61 consecutive days. Unobtrusive, objective measurements of sleep with novel radar technology were obtained, and subjective daily reports of mental strain and training load were collected. The role of subjective sleep quality was investigated to identify whether the reciprocal associations between sleep, mental strain, and training load depended on being a good versus poor sleeper. Multilevel modeling with Bayesian estimation was used to investigate the relationships. The results show that increases in mental strain are associated with decreased total sleep time (TST, 95% CI = −0.12 to −0.03), light sleep (95% CI = −0.08 to −0.00), and sleep efficiency (95% CI = −0.95 to −0.09). Further, both mental strain and training load are associated with subsequent deceased rapid eye movement (REM, respectively, 95% CI = −0.05 to −0.00 and 95% CI = −0.06 to −0.00) sleep. Increases in TST, light, deep, and REM sleep are all associated with subsequent decreased training load (respectively, 95% CI = −0.09 to −0.03; 95% CI = −0.10 to −0.01; 95% CI = −0.22 to −0.02; 95% CI = −0.18 to −0.03). Finally, among poor sleepers, increases in sleep onset latency are associated with increases in subsequent mental strain (95% CI = 0.09–0.46), and increases in deep sleep are associated with decreases in subsequent training load (95% CI = −67.65 to 11.43). These results offer novel insight into the bidirectional associations between sleep, mental strain, and training load in athletes and demonstrate the detrimental effects of mental strain on sleep, likely caused by mental activation incompatible with sleep. An increased need for recovery, suggested by increased TST and time in different sleep stages, is associated with subsequent self-regulatory reduction of training loads by the athletes. In poor sleepers, increases in deep sleep may suggest an elevated need for physiological recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hrozanova
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christian A Klöckner
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Øyvind Sandbakk
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Optentia, The Vaal Triangle Campus of the North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Frode Moen
- Department of Education and Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Social and Educational Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Simim MADM, Souza HDS, Cardoso Filho CA, Gianoni RLDS, Bezerra RR, Affonso HDO, Amadio AC, D’Almeida V, Serrão JC, Claudino JG. Sleep quality monitoring in individual sports athletes: parameters and definitions by systematic review. Sleep Sci 2020; 13:267-285. [PMID: 33564374 PMCID: PMC7856669 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present review, we identify which instruments and parameters are used for sleep quality monitoring in individual sport athletes and which definitions were used for sleep quality parameters in this literature field. Systematic searches for articles reporting the qualitative markers related to sleep in team sport athletes were conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science online databases. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. The initial search returned 3316 articles. After the removal of duplicate articles, eligibility assessment, 75 studies were included in this systematic review. Our main findings were that the most widely used measurement instruments were Actigraphy (25%), Rating Likert Scales (16%) and Sleep Diary (13%). On sleep quality parameters (Sleep duration = 14%; Wake after sleep onset = 14%; Sleep Quality = 12%; Sleep Effciency = 11% and Sleep Latency = 9%), the main point is that there are different definitions for the same parameters in many cases reported in the literature. We conclude that the most widely used instruments for monitoring sleep quality were Actigraphy, Likert scales and Sleep diary. Moreover, the definitions of sleep parameters are inconsistent in the literature, hindering the understanding of the sleep-sport performance relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Antônio de Moura Simim
- Federal University of Ceará, Institute of Physical Education and Sports - Fortaleza - Ceará - Brazil
- Federal University of Ceará, Master Program in Physioterapy and Functioning - Fortaleza - Ceará - Brazil
| | - Helton de Sá Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo -Brazil
- Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda - UniFOA, Curso de Educação Física - Volta Redonda - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Luiz da Silva Gianoni
- Paulista University - UNIP
- LOAD CONTROL, Research and Development Department - Contagem - Minas Gerais - Brazil
- Peruíbe College - FPbe - UNISEPE
| | | | - Helvio de Oliveira Affonso
- Appto Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise, Nutrition and Sports Training, Espirito Santo - Vitoria - Espírito Santo - Brazil
- Vila Velha University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Program - Vila Velha - Espírito Santo - Brazil
| | - Alberto Carlos Amadio
- Universidade de São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport - Laboratory of Biomechanics- Brazil
| | - Vânia D’Almeida
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Psicobiologia - São Paulo -Brazil
| | - Júlio Cerca Serrão
- Universidade de São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport - Laboratory of Biomechanics- Brazil
| | - João Gustavo Claudino
- Universidade de São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport - Laboratory of Biomechanics- Brazil
- LOAD CONTROL, Research and Development Department - Contagem - Minas Gerais - Brazil
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Pereira FS, Bevilacqua GG, Coimbra DR, Andrade A. Impact of Problematic Smartphone Use on Mental Health of Adolescent Students: Association with Mood, Symptoms of Depression, and Physical Activity. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2020; 23:619-626. [PMID: 32580574 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2019.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Problematic smartphone use in adolescent students can impair their mental health and behavior, thereby affecting academic performance and interpersonal relationships as well as reducing time spent on physical activity. This study investigated the association between problematic smartphone use and mood, symptoms of depression, and level of physical activity in adolescent students. The sample consisted of 308 boys (46.1 percent, 16.04 ± 1.30 years) and 359 girls (53.9 percent, 15.54 ± 1.44 years), aged 13-18 years (15.77 ± 1.40 years). Four instruments were used: the Sociodemographic, School, and General Health Characteristics Questionnaire; Smartphone Addiction Scale (to measure problematic smartphone use); Brunel Mood Scale; and Beck Depression Inventory. The study found that physically inactive adolescent students were more likely to present with problematic smartphone use than those who were physically active, and girls were more likely to exhibit problematic smartphone use than boys. Adolescent students with problematic smartphone use presented with more mood disturbances and symptoms of depression than did adolescent students without problematic smartphone use. Overall, physical inactivity and problematic smartphone use can reduce vigor and increase symptoms of depression in adolescent students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Souza Pereira
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Psychology, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Guimarães Bevilacqua
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Psychology, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Danilo Reis Coimbra
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Andrade
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Psychology, Department of Physical Education, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Brazil
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Benjamin CL, Curtis RM, Huggins RA, Sekiguchi Y, Jain RK, McFadden BA, Casa DJ. Sleep Dysfunction and Mood in Collegiate Soccer Athletes. Sports Health 2020; 12:234-240. [PMID: 32271137 DOI: 10.1177/1941738120916735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep and mood are critical factors that contribute to health and wellness and are of particular interest to collegiate athletes who are juggling high physical, academic, and social demands. The aim of this study was to examine how psychological measures, player status, and sex-related factors were associated with perceived sleep quality. HYPOTHESIS Higher levels of global sleep dysfunction will be related to poor mood and increased anxiety, and there will be differences in sleep dysfunction in male compared with female athletes as well as regarding playing status. STUDY DESIGN Prospective cohort study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 4. METHODS During the 2016 through 2018 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) seasons, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Profile of Mood States, and Sports Anxiety Scale-2 questionnaires were administered to 230 soccer athletes at 6 separate time points throughout each season. RESULTS PSQI results yielded scores ≥5 in 54% of observations. Increased sleep dysfunction was significantly related to decreased vigor and increased tension, depression, anger, fatigue, somatic anxiety, worry, and concentration disruption, although effect sizes (ES) were trivial (ES, -0.03 to 0.15). The odds ratio (OR) of reporting global sleep dysfunction increased by 8%, 9%, and 25% for every 1-unit increase in tension (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02-1.16; P = 0.015), fatigue (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.16; P = 0.002), and concentration disruption (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.09-1.45; P = 0.002), respectively. The odds of reporting global sleep dysfunction were 55% lower for males than females (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.25-0.79; P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Global sleep dysfunction was prevalent in NCAA soccer players and was related to negative mental health outcomes. Female participants experienced increased odds of reporting global sleep dysfunction. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Regular monitoring allows for a greater understanding of the interrelatedness between sleep and mental health in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courteney L Benjamin
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Ryan M Curtis
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Robert A Huggins
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Yasuki Sekiguchi
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Rajat K Jain
- Northwestern Athletics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Bridget A McFadden
- IFNH Center for Health and Human Performance, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Douglas J Casa
- Department of Kinesiology, Korey Stringer Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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Anaerobic training and its effects on sleep quality, state, and trait anxiety in collegiate athletes. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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