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Kovalenko AG, Fenton RA. Bystander Intervention in Football and Sports. A Quasi-Experimental Feasibility Study of a Bystander Violence Prevention Program in the United Kingdom. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:4598-4625. [PMID: 38529918 PMCID: PMC11465711 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241239452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, social campaigns and high-profile cases have brought increased attention to violence against women. Athletes can be role models, shaping both prosocial and antisocial attitudes. Their engagement in violence prevention could be an effective tool to tackle violence against women through bystander intervention. This part of a mixed-method feasibility study reports on the quantitative evaluation of an evidence-led bystander program, Football Onside, implemented at a football club in South West England in June 2018 to February 2020. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups. Football coaches and club members (n = 50) completed measures of rape and domestic abuse myths, bystander intent and efficacy, self-reported bystander behaviors, readiness for change, perceptions of peer helping and myth acceptance, law knowledge, and program evaluation. Fidelity was also assessed. The analysis compared between- and within-group differences in mean changes over time using mixed-effects models. Participant ratings of learning outcomes were high, and fidelity was maintained throughout the intervention. Between-group comparison revealed mixed results, with greater improvements in the intervention group for bystander intent and efficacy at post-test and follow-up, domestic abuse myths at post-test, and rape myth acceptance at follow-up. Model contrasts for within intervention group revealed improvements in rape and domestic abuse myth acceptance, bystander intent and efficacy, perceived law knowledge at both time points, and perceived peer myths and helping at post-test. At follow-up, intervention participants reported significantly higher engagement in bystander behaviors. No significant effects were found for perceived importance of legal knowledge. Our research highlights the potential efficacy of a bystander program tailored for football club members. Cluster-randomized control trials are now required to examine bystander attitudes and behavior change processes among professional athletes.
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Lee JW, Han DH. Data Analysis of Psychological Approaches to Soccer Research: Using LDA Topic Modeling. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:787. [PMID: 37887437 PMCID: PMC10604603 DOI: 10.3390/bs13100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study identifies the topical areas of research that have attempted a psychological approach to soccer research over the last 33 years (1990-2022) and explored the growth and stagnation of the topic as well as research contributions to soccer development. Data were obtained from 1863 papers from the Web of Science database. The data were collected through keyword text mining and data preprocessing to determine the keywords needed for analysis. Based on the keywords, latent Dirichlet allocation-based topic modeling analysis was performed to analyze the topic distribution of papers and explore research trends by topic area. The topic modeling process included four topic area and fifty topics. The "Coaching Essentials in Football" topic area had the highest frequency, but it was not statistically identified as a trend. However, coaching, including training, is expected to continue to be an important research topic, as it is a key requirement for success in the highly competitive elite football world. Interest in the research field of "Psychological Skills for Performance Development" has waned in recent years. This may be due to the predominance of other subject areas rather than a lack of interest. Various high-tech interventions and problem-solving attempts are being made in this field, providing opportunities for qualitative and quantitative expansion. "Motivation, cognition, and emotion" is a largely underrated subject area in soccer psychology. This could be because survey-based psychological evaluation attempts have decreased as the importance of rapid field application has been emphasized in recent soccer-related studies. However, measuring psychological factors contributes to the study of football psychology through a new methodology and theoretical background. Recognizing the important role of psychological factors in player performance and mental management, as well as presenting new research directions and approaches that can be directly applied to the field, will advance soccer psychology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Woog Lee
- Intelligent Information Processing Lab, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Xiang M, Soh KG, Xu Y, Ahrari S, Zakaria NS. The experiences of female bisexual student-athletes in China: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1129961. [PMID: 37034921 PMCID: PMC10074485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1129961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Many scholars have explored the participation of LGBTQ individuals in sports. However, these studies have either categorized homosexuality and bisexuality together or focused only on lesbian, gay, or transgender individuals. There is a lack of research in the literature on bisexual individuals' sports participation and an even more significant lack of Asia perspectives. Therefore, this qualitative study is aimed to explore the experiences of female bisexual student-athletes in China. Methods Semi-structured interviews with four female bisexual student-athletes were conducted and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results Three themes and eight sub-themes were identified. Theme 1. what bisexual identity means, and sub-themes: a struggling journey, emotional attraction, and gender role for female bisexual student-athletes; Theme 2. invalid identity, and sub-themes: lesbian mask, unrecognized identity; Theme 3. perceptions of sports context, and sub-themes: the influence of the sports context on sexual fluidity, relative inclusion, and perceived rejection. Conclusion This study provides new insights into understanding the experience of female bisexual student-athlete. In addition, the results highlight the importance of the need to study bisexuality as a distinct identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiang
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Kim Geok Soh
- Department of Sports Studies, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Kim Geok Soh,
| | - Yingying Xu
- Department of Philosophy and Civilization Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Seyedali Ahrari
- Department of Professional Development and Continuing Education, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Syamilah Zakaria
- Department of Counsellor Education and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia
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Connor S, Edvardsson K, Fisher C, Spelten E. Perceptions and Interpretation of Contemporary Masculinities in Western Culture: A Systematic Review. Am J Mens Health 2021; 15:15579883211061009. [PMID: 34844458 PMCID: PMC8674484 DOI: 10.1177/15579883211061009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The social construct of masculinity evolves in response to changes in society and
culture. Orthodox masculinity is mostly considered to be hegemonic and is
evidenced by the dominance of men over women and other, less powerful men.
Contemporary shifts in masculinity have seen an emergence of new masculinities
that challenge traditional male stereotypes. This systematic review aims to
review and synthesize the existing empirical research on contemporary
masculinities and to conceptualize how they are understood and interpreted by
men themselves. A literature search was undertaken on 10 databases using terms
regularly used to identify various contemporary masculinities. Analysis of the
33 included studies identified four key elements that are evident in men’s
descriptions of contemporary masculinity. These four elements, (a) Inclusivity,
(b) Emotional Intimacy, (c) Physicality, and (d) Resistance, are consistent with
the literature describing contemporary masculinities, including Hybrid
Masculinities and Inclusive Masculinity Theory. The synthesized findings
indicate that young, middle-class, heterosexual men in Western cultures, while
still demonstrating some traditional masculinity norms, appear to be adopting
some aspects of contemporary masculinities. The theories of hybrid and inclusive
masculinity suggest these types of masculinities have several benefits for both
men and society in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Connor
- Department of Rural Nursing &
Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, Mildura, Victoria, Australia
- Sandra Connor, Department of Rural Nursing
& Midwifery, La Trobe Rural Health School, Mildura, VIC 3500, Australia.
| | - Kristina Edvardsson
- Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing
and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Fisher
- Australian Research Centre in Sex,
Health and Society, School of Psychology & Public Health, LaTrobe University,
Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Evelien Spelten
- Department of Community Health, La
Trobe Rural Health School, Mildura, Victoria, Australia
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Closson LM, Comeau E. Youth's experiences with inclusion, isolation, and discrimination in the
LGBTQ
+ community. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leanna M. Closson
- Department of Psychology Saint Mary's University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Emily Comeau
- Department of Psychology Saint Mary's University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
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Gough B, Robertson S, Luck H. Engendered Expressions of Anxiety: Men's Emotional Communications With Women and Other Men. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2021; 6:697356. [PMID: 34268351 PMCID: PMC8275859 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2021.697356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
While the contemporary therapeutic discourse inveigles us to talk about our personal problems, a countervailing neo-liberal healthist discourse, aligning with conventional masculinity norms, presumes that we will manage any issues independently. This discursive tension can be difficult to navigate, especially for men confronted with still powerful traditional expectations around masculinity (e.g., self-reliance; personal control; restricted emotionality). Although qualitative research has examined how men negotiate masculinities with respect to depression, to date there has been scant attention focused on men experiencing anxiety. This article reports on an interview study with men, some with anxiety diagnoses and some without (N = 17). Thematic analysis highlights that participants can and do talk about their anxieties, most readily with significant women in their lives (e.g., partners; mothers)-although this is not always straightforward. Talking to other men was more fraught, and while participants were wary of sharing problems with male friends, or signaled issues indirectly, they also highlighted situations where they would open up e.g., workspaces where they felt safe; with best friends. Those who had gone through a therapeutic process over many years tended to me more comfortable talking to others, male or female, about their mental health-and were also keen to other support to others where they could. Our analysis suggests that despite stereotypical notions of silent, self-contained men, there are many contexts where men may feel comfortable sharing their stories of pain and suffering. This chimes with wider cultural changes and the reported experiences of some mental health initiatives.
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Pariera K, Brody E, Scott DT. Now that They're Out: Experiences of College Athletics Teams with Openly LGBTQ Players. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2021; 68:733-751. [PMID: 31509093 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2019.1661727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, more college athletes have publicly identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and/or queer (LGBTQ). Our study seeks to move past media celebrations and controversies of "coming out" and examine actual experiences of LGBTQ athletes and their teammates. A survey of 259 LGBTQ athletes and teammates of LGBTQ athletes was conducted. We examined concerns about being or playing with LGBTQ athletes, sources of homophobic language, experiences and observations of discrimination, and perceived impact of being or playing with an LGBTQ athlete. Findings indicate that many fears associated with college athletes coming out are likely overstated. All participants reported low levels of concern, homophobia, and negative impact of being or playing with an LGBTQ teammate. However, there were some differences between LGBTQ and non-LGBTQ athletes with non-LGBTQ athletes reporting fewer concerns, but also hearing less homophobic language than their LGBTQ counterparts. programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Pariera
- Department of Organizational Sciences and Communication, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Evan Brody
- Department of Communication Studies, University of Wisconsin La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA
| | - D Travers Scott
- Department of Communication Studies, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
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Gamblin BW, Kehn A, Vanderzanden K, Ruthig JC, Jones KM, Long BL. A Comparison of Juror Decision Making in Race-Based and Sexual Orientation-Based Hate Crime Cases. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:3231-3256. [PMID: 29766757 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518774305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Several constructs have been identified as relevant to the juror decision-making process in hate crime cases. However, there is a lack of research on the relationships between these constructs and their variable influence across victim group. The purpose of the current study was to reexamine factors relevant to the juror decision-making process in hate crime cases within a structural model, and across victim group, to gauge the relative strength and explanatory power of various predictors. In the current study, 313 participants sentenced a perpetrator found guilty of a hate crime committed against either a Black man or a gay man; participants also responded to individual difference measures relevant to mock juror hate crime decision making, including prejudice toward the victim's social group. Using path analysis, we explored the role of juror prejudice on sentencing decisions in hate crime cases as well as similarities and differences based on the victimized group. Results indicated that, when the victim was a Black man, modern racism influenced sentencing both directly and indirectly through perpetrator blame attributions, explaining 18% of the variance in sentencing. In contrast, when the victim was a gay man, modern homophobia did not directly predict sentencing, and the overall model explained only 4% of the variance in sentencing, suggesting variables beyond juror prejudice may be better suited to explain juror decision making in sexual orientation-based hate crimes. The current study suggests that the role of juror prejudice in hate crime cases varies as a function of the victimized group and raises questions about the importance of juror prejudice in the sentencing of hate crime cases, particularly antigay prejudice. The importance of blame attributions, social dominance orientation, and juror beliefs regarding penalty enhancements for hate crime cases, as well as policy implications, are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andre Kehn
- University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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9
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Mastromartino B, Zhang JJ. Affective Outcomes of Membership in a Sport Fan Community. Front Psychol 2020; 11:881. [PMID: 32457685 PMCID: PMC7225319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, we shed light on the important, yet under researched topic area in sport management - understanding the role that emotion plays for members of sport fan communities. Much research has been done on the relationship between sport organization and fan; yet, far more needs to be discussed on how the sense of community fans feel lead to affective outcomes and consumption behaviors. With an understanding of the affective outcomes resulting from a connection between fans, sport organizations can use the knowledge to develop promotional procedures and nurture their fan community in an effort to grow their fan base and elevate consumption behavior. The aim of this mini-review is to (a) draw attention to the value of sport fan communities and (b) highlight areas in which sport organizations can build marketing strategies. As it is necessary for sport organizations to better understand the role emotion plays in the consumer behavior of their fans, more attention needs to be paid in understanding the affective benefits of membership in a sport fan community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Mastromartino
- Department of Kinesiology, International Center for Sport Management, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - James J Zhang
- Department of Kinesiology, International Center for Sport Management, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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10
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Nielson MG, Schroeder KM, Martin CL, Cook RE. Investigating the Relation between Gender Typicality and Pressure to Conform to Gender Norms. SEX ROLES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-020-01136-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Zamperini A, Primo D, Testoni I. Maschilità: identificazioni, ruoli e soggetti. PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE 2018. [DOI: 10.3280/pu2018-003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Bauer MEE, Brussoni M, Giles AR, Fuselli P. Safe Kids Week: Analysis of gender bias in a national child safety campaign, 1997-2016. Inj Prev 2017; 25:104-109. [PMID: 28971858 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose Child safety campaigns play an important role in disseminating injury prevention information to families. A critical discourse analysis of gender bias in child safety campaign marketing materials can offer important insights into how families are represented and the potential influence that gender bias may have on uptake of injury prevention information. Methods Our approach was informed by poststructural feminist theory, and we used critical discourse analysis to identify discourses within the poster materials. We examined the national Safe Kids Canada Safe Kids Week campaign poster material spanning twenty years (1997-2016). Specifically, we analyzed the posters' typeface, colour, images, and language to identify gender bias in relation to discourses surrounding parenting, safety, and societal perceptions of gender. Results The findings show that there is gender bias present in the Safe Kids Week poster material. The posters represent gender as binary, mothers as primary caregivers, and showcase stereotypically masculine sporting equipment among boys and stereotypically feminine equipment among girls. Interestingly, we found that the colour and typeface of the text both challenge and perpetuate the feminization of safety. Discussion It is recommended that future child safety campaigns represent changing family dynamics, include representations of children with non-traditionally gendered sporting equipment, and avoid the representation of gender as binary. This analysis contributes to the discussion of the feminization of safety in injury prevention research and challenges the ways in which gender is represented in child safety campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E E Bauer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mariana Brussoni
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Audrey R Giles
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Roberts S, Anderson E, Magrath R. Continuity, change and complexity in the performance of masculinity among elite young footballers in England. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2017; 68:336-357. [PMID: 27797395 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Following recent research evidencing that young men are redefining the essential components of what it is to be a man, this paper draws on qualitative interviews with 22 elite-level, English Premier League academy level football (soccer) players to investigate their performances and understandings of masculinity in relation to decreasing homohysteria. Even in this gender-segregated, near-total institution, these working-class, non-educationally aspiring adolescents evidence an attenuated performance of 'maleness' and improved attitudinal disposition toward homosexuality. Congruent with insights developed by inclusive masculinity scholars, respondents maintained emotional closeness and physical tactility with male teammates and friends. These more inclusive attitudes and homosocial behaviours were, however, slightly more conservative than in other recent research. We close by explaining this variation with reference to theoretical apparatus' provided by Goffman and Bourdieu to advance theoretical debates about social class and masculinities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Anderson
- Faculty of Business, Law & Sport, University of Winchester
| | - Rory Magrath
- School of Sport, Health & Social Sciences, Southampton Solent University
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14
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Robinson S, Anderson E, White A. The Bromance: Undergraduate Male Friendships and the Expansion of Contemporary Homosocial Boundaries. SEX ROLES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-017-0768-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Kroshus E, Davoren AK. Mental health and substance use of sexual minority college athletes. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2016; 64:371-379. [PMID: 26943646 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2016.1158179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the mental health and substance use of sexual minority collegiate student-athletes in the United States, as compared with heterosexual college students and heterosexual student-athletes. PARTICIPANTS Undergraduate students (N = 196,872) who completed the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment (Fall 2008-Fall 2012 administrations). METHODS Written cross-sectional survey. RESULTS Sexual minority student-athletes had a higher risk of experiencing mental health difficulties than their heterosexual athlete peers. There were no significant differences in mental health between sexual minority male athletes and nonathletes. Sexual minority female athletes appeared to fare better than nonathlete peers. Substance use was greater among sexual minority students (athlete and nonathlete) and was mediated by mental health. CONCLUSIONS Participation in athletics does not appear to be associated with an elevated risk of negative mental health outcomes for sexual minority participants; however, there are disparities in mental health outcomes by sexual orientation regardless of athletics participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Kroshus
- a Department of Pediatrics , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington , USA
- b Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Ann Kearns Davoren
- c National Collegiate Athletic Association , Indianapolis , Indiana , USA
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Scoats R. Inclusive Masculinity and Facebook Photographs Among Early Emerging Adults at a British University. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558415607059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Central to debates about the construction of masculinity in sociology is the influence of culture and what constitutes acceptable displays of masculinity. This article adopts a novel approach in examining this question. It adopts a summative content analysis, combined with a semiotic analysis, of 1,100 Facebook photographs, in order to explore the underlying meanings within the photos and the performances of masculinity. Facebook photographs from 44, straight, White, male, early emerging adults attending the same university are used as a representation of an individual’s ideal self. These are then analyzed in order to determine the behaviors endorsed by peer culture. It was found that the sample overwhelmingly adopted inclusive behaviors (including homosocial tactility, dancing, and kissing each other), and inclusive masculinity theory was utilized to contextualize participants’ constructions of masculinity. Thus, this research shows that emerging adult males at this university construct their masculine identities away from previous orthodox archetypes. It is argued that the reducing importance of gendered behavior patterns may represent an adoption of what are perceived as wider cultural norms and act as a symbol of adulthood to these early emerging adults.
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Channon A, Matthews CR. "It is what it is": masculinity, homosexuality, and inclusive discourse in mixed martial arts. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2015; 62:936-956. [PMID: 25603357 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2015.1008280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article we make use of inclusive masculinity theory to explore online media representations of male homosexuality and masculinity within the increasingly popular combat sport of mixed martial arts (MMA). Adopting a case-study approach, we discuss narratives constructed around one aspirational male MMA fighter, Dakota Cochrane, whose history of having participated in gay pornography became a major talking point on a number of MMA discussion/community Web sites during early 2012. While these narratives attempted to discursively rescue Cochrane's supposedly threatened masculinity, highlighting both his "true" heterosexuality and his prodigious fighting abilities, they also simultaneously celebrated the acceptance of homosexual men within the sport that Cochrane's case implied. Thus, we suggest that these media representations of homosexuality and masculinity within MMA are indicative of declining cultural homophobia and homohysteria and an inclusive vision of masculinity, as previously described by proponents of inclusive masculinity theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Channon
- a Faculty of Education and Health , University of Greenwich , London , UK
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19
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20
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The Cultural Significance of Homophobia on Heterosexual Women’s Gendered Experiences in the United States: A Commentary. SEX ROLES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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22
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The Influence of Declining Homophobia on Men’s Gender in the United States: An Argument for the Study of Homohysteria. SEX ROLES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-014-0358-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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McCormack M. The intersection of youth masculinities, decreasing homophobia and class: an ethnography. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2014; 65:130-149. [PMID: 24697717 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the emergence of progressive attitudes toward homosexuality among working-class boys in a sixth form in the south of England to develop an intersectional analysis of class, youth masculinities and decreasing homophobia. Drawing on three months of ethnographic data collection, I find that working-class male youth intellectualize pro-gay attitudes and that homophobic language is almost entirely absent from the setting. I document the presence of homosocial tactility, as well as the valuing of friendship and emotional closeness. However, these behaviours are less pronounced than documented among middle-class boys, and I use these findings to advance understanding of how class influences the development of inclusive attitudes and behaviours. Inclusive masculinity theory is used to understand these findings, refining the theory and extending it to a new demographic.
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Cleland J. Association football and the representation of homosexuality by the print media: a case study of Anton Hysén. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2014; 61:1269-1287. [PMID: 24871942 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2014.926765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In March 2011, Anton Hysén (a semiprofessional footballer currently playing in the Swedish fourth division) became only the second association football (soccer) player of any professional disposition to publicly declare his homosexuality while still playing the game. This article provides a textual analysis of the print media's reaction to Hysén coming out and examines whether, in 2011, they portray more inclusive notions toward homosexuality than they did in 1990 when British footballer Justin Fashanu came out. The results advance inclusive masculinity theory as a number of print media sources (mostly British) interview Hysén in the weeks immediately after he came out and publish articles that challenge homophobia. Highlighting a change since 1990, a significant number of articles stress the need for the key stakeholders in football (players, fans, clubs, agents, the authorities, and the media) to accept gay players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Cleland
- a Department of Social Sciences , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
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Cashmore E, Cleland J. Fans, homophobia and masculinities in association football: evidence of a more inclusive environment. THE BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY 2012; 63:370-387. [PMID: 22670652 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2012.01414.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article draws on 3,500 responses from fans and professionals involved in association football (soccer) to an anonymous online survey posted from June 2010 to October 2010 regarding their views towards gay footballers. The overall findings are that, contrary to assumptions of homophobia, there is evidence of rapidly decreasing homophobia within the culture of football fandom. The results advance inclusive masculinity theory with 93 per cent of fans of all ages stating that there is no place for homophobia within football. Fans blame agents and clubs for the lack of openness and challenge football's governing organizations to oppose the culture of secrecy surrounding gay players and to provide a more inclusive environment to support players who want to come out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Cashmore
- Faculty of Health and Psychology, Staffordshire University, UK
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