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Gonçalves MS, Tavares IMDC, Sampaio ICF, dos Santos MMO, Ambrósio HLBS, Araújo SC, Veloso CM, Neta JLV, Mendes AA, dos Anjos PNM, Ruiz HA, Franco M. New biocatalyst produced from fermented biomass: improvement of adsorptive characteristics and application in aroma synthesis. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:189. [PMID: 39091407 PMCID: PMC11289188 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-04029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a novel approach to producing activated carbon from agro-industrial residues, specifically cocoa fruit peel, using solid-state fermentation (SSF) with Aspergillus niger. The process effectively degrades lignin, a major impediment in traditional activated carbon production, resulting in a high-quality carbon material. This carbon was successfully utilized for enzyme immobilization and aroma synthesis, showcasing its potential as a versatile biocatalyst. The study meticulously evaluated the physical and chemical attributes of activated carbon derived from fermented cocoa peel, alongside the immobilized enzymes. Employing a suite of analytical techniques-electrophoresis, FTIR, XRD, and TG/DTG the research revealed that fermentation yields a porous material with an expansive surface area of 1107.87 m2/g. This material proves to be an excellent medium for lipase immobilization. The biocatalyst fashioned from the fermented biomass exhibited a notable increase in protein content (13% w/w), hydrolytic activity (15% w/w), and specific activity (29% w/w), underscoring the efficacy of the fermentation process. The significant outcome of this research is the development of a sustainable method for activated carbon production that not only overcomes the limitations posed by lignin but also enhances enzyme immobilization for industrial applications. The study's findings have important implications for the agro-industrial sector, promoting a circular economy and advancing sustainable biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Soares Gonçalves
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, State University of Southwest, Itapetinga, 45700-000 Brazil
| | | | - Igor Carvalho Fontes Sampaio
- Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences (DCEX), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900 Brazil
| | - Marta Maria Oliveira dos Santos
- Post-Graduation Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, Maceió, Alagoas 57072-900 Brazil
| | - Helen Luiza Brandão Silva Ambrósio
- Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences (DCEX), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900 Brazil
| | - Sabryna Couto Araújo
- Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences (DCEX), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900 Brazil
| | | | - Jaci Lima Vilanova Neta
- Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences (DCEX), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900 Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Neilson Marques dos Anjos
- Laboratory of Research and Innovation of Advanced Materials, Department of Exact Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, 45654-370 Brazil
| | - Héctor A. Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280 Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Biotransformation and Organic Biocatalysis Research Group, Department of Exact Sciences (DCEX), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia 45662-900 Brazil
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Santos Gomes MMOD, Nicodemos IS, Costa Silva MD, Santos DMRCD, Santos Costa F, Franco M, Pereira HJV. Optimization of enzymatic saccharification of industrial wastes using a thermostable and halotolerant endoglucanase through Box-Behnken experimental design. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:1-11. [PMID: 37071540 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2201936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the production, characterization and application of an endoglucanase from Penicillium roqueforti using lignocellulosic agro-industrial wastes as the substrate during solid-state fermentation. The endoglucanase was generated after culturing with different agro-industrial wastes for 96 h without any pretreatment. The highest activity was obtained at 50 °C and pH 4.0. Additionally, the enzyme showed stability in the temperature and pH ranges of 40-80 °C and 4.0-5.0, respectively. The addition of Ca2+, Zn2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+ increased enzymatic activity. Halotolerance as a characteristic of the enzyme was confirmed when its activity increased by 35% on addition of 2 M NaCl. The endoglucanase saccharified sugarcane bagasse, coconut shell, wheat bran, cocoa fruit shell, and cocoa seed husk. The Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize fermentable sugar production by evaluating the following parameters: time, substrate, and enzyme concentration. Under ideal conditions, 253.19 mg/g of fermentable sugars were obtained following the saccharification of wheat bran, which is 41.5 times higher than that obtained without optimizing. This study presents a thermostable, halotolerant endoglucanase that is resistant to metal ions and organic solvents with the potential to be applied in producing fermentable sugars for manufacturing biofuels from agro-industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Monizy da Costa Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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3
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Almeida Lessa O, Neves Silva F, Tavares IMDC, Carvalho Fontes Sampaio I, Bispo Pimentel A, Ferreira Leite SG, Gutarra MLE, Galhardo Pimenta Tienne L, Irfan M, Bilal M, Marques Dos Anjos PN, Salay LC, Franco M. Structural alteration of cocoa bean shell fibers through biological treatment using Penicillium roqueforti. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1154-1163. [PMID: 36794850 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2177866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic residues, such as cocoa bean shell (FI), are generated in large quantities during agro-industrial activities. Proper management of residual biomass through solid state fermentation (SSF) can be effective in obtaining value-added products. The hypothesis of the present work is that the bioprocess promoted by P. roqueforti can lead to structural changes in the fibers of the fermented cocoa bean shell (FF) that confer characteristics of industrial interest. To unveil such changes, the techniques of FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA/TG were used. After SSF, an increase of 36.6% in the crystallinity index was observed, reflecting the reduction of amorphous components such as lignin in the FI residue. Furthermore, an increase in porosity was observed through the reduction of the 2θ angle, which gives the FF a potential candidate for applications of porous products. The FTIR results confirm the reduction in hemicellulose content after SSF. The thermal and thermogravimetric tests showed an increase in the hydrophilicity and thermal stability of FF (15% decomposition) in relation to the by-product FI (40% decomposition). These data provided important information regarding changes in the crystallinity of the residue, existing functional groups and changes in degradation temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozana Almeida Lessa
- Pos-Graduation Program in Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Neves Silva
- Post-Graduation Program in Food Engineering and Science, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Itapetinga, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Bispo Pimentel
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Selma Gomes Ferreira Leite
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Luiz Carlos Salay
- Department of Exact Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
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Fasiku SA, Bello MA, Odeniyi OA. Production of xylanase by Aspergillus niger GIO and Bacillus megaterium through solid-state fermentation. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000506.v5. [PMID: 37424564 PMCID: PMC10323791 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000506.v5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanase breaks xylan down to xylose, which is used in industries such as pulp and paper, food and feed, among others. The utilization of wastes for xylanase production is economical, hence this work aimed at producing xylanase through solid-state fermentation and characterizing the enzyme. Xylanase-producing strains of Bacillus megaterium and Aspergillus niger GIO were inoculated separately in a 5 and 10 day solid fermentation study on maize straw, rice straw, sawdust, corn cob, sugarcane bagasse, conifer litters, alkaline-pretreated maize straw (APM) and combined alkaline and biological-pretreated maize straw, respectively. The best substrate was selected for xylanase production. The crude enzyme was extracted from the fermentation medium and xylanase activity was characterized using parameters such as temperature, cations, pH and surfactants. Among different substrates, the highest xylanase activity of 3.18 U ml-1 was recorded when A. niger GIO was grown on APM. The xylanase produced by A. niger GIO and B. megaterium had the highest activities (3.67 U ml-1 and 3.36 U ml-1) at 40 °C after 30 and 45 min of incubation, respectively. Optimal xylanase activities (4.58 and 3.58 U ml-1) of A. niger GIO and B. megaterium , respectively, were observed at pH 5.0 and 6.2. All cations used enhanced xylanase activities except magnesium ion. Sodium dodecyl sulfate supported the highest xylanase activity of 6.13 and 6.90 U ml-1 for A. niger GIO and B. megaterium , respectively. High yields of xylanase were obtained from A. niger GIO and B. megaterium cultivated on APM. The xylanase activities were affected by pH, temperature, surfactants and cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Adedayo Fasiku
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo Town, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Mobolaji Akeem Bello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo Town, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olubusola Ayoola Odeniyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo Town, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Silva TP, de Albuquerque FS, Nascimento Ferreira A, Santos DMRCD, Santos TVD, Meneghetti SMP, Franco M, Luz JMRD, Pereira HJV. Dilute acid pretreatment for enhancing the enzymatic saccharification of agroresidues using a Botrytis ricini endoglucanase. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:184-192. [PMID: 35338782 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The enormous amount of agroindustrial residues generated in Brazil can be used as biomass to produce fermentable sugars. This study compared the pretreatments with different proportions of dilute acid. The method involved pretreatment with 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% (v/v) sulfuric acid, followed by hydrolysis using the halotolerant and thermostable endoglucanase from Botrytis ricini URM 5627. The physicochemical characterization of plant biomass was performed using XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The pretreatment significantly increased the production of fermentable sugars following enzymatic saccharification from wheat bran, sugarcane bagasse, and rice husk: 153.67%, 91.98%, and 253.21% increment in sugar production; 36.39 mg⋅g-1 ± 1.23, 39.55 mg⋅g-1 ± 1.70, and 42.53 mg⋅g-1 ± 7.61 mg⋅L-1 of glucose; and 3.26 ± 0.35 mg⋅g-1 , 3.61mg⋅g-1 ± 0.74 and 3.59 mg⋅g-1 ± 0.80 of fructose were produced, respectively. In conclusion, biomass should preferably be pretreated before the enzymatic saccharification using B. ricini URM 5627 endoglucanase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatielle Pereira Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Sarmento de Albuquerque
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Alexsandra Nascimento Ferreira
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Thatiane Veríssimo Dos Santos
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José Maria Rodrigues da Luz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Hugo Juarez Vieira Pereira
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, A. C. Simões Campus, (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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Sanguine IS, Cavalheiro GF, Garcia NFL, Santos MVD, Gandra JR, Goes RHDTEBD, Paz MFD, Fonseca GG, Leite RSR. Xylanases of Trichoderma koningii and Trichoderma pseudokoningii: Production, characterization and application as additives in the digestibility of forage for cattle. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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da Silva FL, Dos Santos DA, de Oliveira Campos A, Magalhães ERB, Dos Santos ES. Evaluation of Blend Production of Cellulases and Xylanases Using Pretreated and Recycled Carnauba Straw. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:901-913. [PMID: 34559392 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Carnauba (Copernicia prunifera) is a Brazilian palm tree used for wax production, which usually generates a large amount of waste. This work evaluated the carnauba waste for cellulase and xylanase production using Trichoderma reesei CCT2768 through a solid-state fermentation (SSF). Carnauba waste was used in its crude form (C-IN), pretreated (C-P) with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP), and also recycled after the SSF process (C-PR). C-IN, C-P, and C-PR were characterized by XRD, FTIR, and SEM. Cellulase and xylanase production was performed by SSF for 72 h, and the enzymatic extracts obtained were mixed each other in different concentrations. FPase, CMCase, and xylanase activities were determined. Trichoderma reesei CCT-2768 has shown high performance to produce cellulases and xylanases. Total cellulase, CMCase, and β-glycosidase presented a highest activity when C-PPR1 (25% of C-PR and 75% of C-P) was used as a carbon source, with yield of 2.85 U/g, 41.21 U/g, and 2.80 U/g, respectively. The highest xylanase production was achieved when only the pretreated carnauba waste (C-P) was used, with an enzyme activity of 224.93 U/g. Carnauba has shown a promising carbon source capacity to induce the production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by using T. reesei CCT2768, promoting the circular and ecofriendly economy, as well as a cost reduction, of the production process of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francinaldo Leite da Silva
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Paraiba (IFPB) - Campus Picui, Picui, PB, Brazil
| | - Davi Alves Dos Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Alan de Oliveira Campos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Emilianny Rafaely Batista Magalhães
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
- Northeast Strategic Technologies Center (CETENE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Everaldo Silvino Dos Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Nogueira LS, Tavares IMDC, Santana NB, Ferrão SPB, Teixeira JM, Costa FS, Silva TP, Pereira HJV, Irfan M, Bilal M, de Oliveira JR, Franco M. Thermostable trypsin-like protease by Penicillium roqueforti secreted in cocoa shell fermentation: Production optimization, characterization, and application in milk clotting. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:2069-2080. [PMID: 34617635 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The increased demand for cheese and the limited availability of calf rennet justifies the search for milk-clotting enzymes from alternative sources. Trypsin-like protease by Penicillium roqueforti was produced by solid-state fermentation using cocoa shell waste as substrate. The production of a crude enzyme extract that is rich in this enzyme was optimized using a Doehlert-type multivariate experimental design. The biochemical characterization showed that the enzyme has excellent activity and stability at alkaline pH (10-12) and an optimum temperature of 80°C, being stable at temperatures above 60°C. Enzymatic activity was maximized in the presence of Na+ (192%), Co2+ (187%), methanol (153%), ethanol (141%), and hexane (128%). Considering the biochemical characteristics obtained and the milk coagulation activity, trypsin-like protease can be applied in the food industry, such as in milk clotting and in the fabrication of cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laísa Santana Nogueira
- Department of Rural and Animal Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Nívio Batista Santana
- Department of Rural and Animal Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Tatielle Pereira Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technology, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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Araujo SC, Ramos MRMF, do Espírito Santo EL, de Menezes LHS, de Carvalho MS, Tavares IMDC, Franco M, de Oliveira JR. Optimization of lipase production by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 through solid-state fermentation using agro-industrial residue based on a univariate analysis. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 52:325-330. [PMID: 34261412 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1944203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipases (triacylglycerol hydrolases, EC 3.1.1.3) are a class of enzymes with high industrial importance. An option for the production of this enzyme is through fungal growth via solid-state fermentation (SSF). Thus, this research presents a study of lipase production by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 through SSF using cocoa bran residues (Theobroma cacao) as a substrate. To achieve maximum lipase production, fermentation time (0 to 120 h) and palm oil (PO) percentage (0 to 50%) were optimized through analysis of one factor at a time (OFAT), with lipase activity as the response. The amount of cocoa was fixed (5 g), the incubation temperature was maintained at 27 °C, and the moisture content was established at 70%. For a 72 h incubation, the highest enzyme activity achieved using SSF without adding PO was 14.67 ± 1.47 U g-1, whereas with PO (30%), it was 33.33 ± 3.33 U g-1, thus demonstrating a 44% increase in enzyme activity. Through the OFAT methodology, it was possible to confirm that supplementation with palm residue was efficient and maximized the lipase of P. roqueforti ATCC 10110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabryna Couto Araujo
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Franco
- Department of Exact and Technological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Cellulases, Hemicellulases, and Pectinases: Applications in the Food and Beverage Industry. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Biochemical characterization and enhanced production of endoxylanase from thermophilic mould Myceliophthora thermophila. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2021; 44:1539-1555. [PMID: 33765291 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-021-02539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endoxylanase production from M. thermophila BJTLRMDU3 using rice straw was enhanced to 2.53-fold after optimization in solid state fermentation (SSF). Endoxylanase was purified to homogeneity employing ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by gel filtration chromatography and had a molecular mass of ~ 25 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE. Optimal endoxylanase activity was recorded at pH 5.0 and 60 °C. Purified enzyme showed complete tolerance to n-hexane, but activity was slightly inhibited by other organic solvents. Among surfactants, Tweens (20, 60, and 80) and Triton X 100 slightly enhanced the enzyme activity. The Vmax and Km values for purified endoxylanase were 6.29 µmol/min/mg protein and 5.4 mg/ml, respectively. Endoxylanase released 79.08 and 42.95% higher reducing sugars and soluble proteins, respectively, which control after 48 h at 60 °C from poultry feed. Synergistic effect of endoxylanase (100 U/g) and phytase (15 U/g) on poultry feed released higher amount of reducing sugars (58.58 mg/feed), soluble proteins (42.48 mg/g feed), and inorganic phosphate (28.34 mg/feed) in contrast to control having 23.55, 16.98, and 10.46 mg/feed of reducing sugars, soluble proteins, and inorganic phosphate, respectively, at 60 °C supplemented with endoxylanase only.
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Sales de Menezes LH, Carneiro LL, Maria de Carvalho Tavares I, Santos PH, Pereira das Chagas T, Mendes AA, Paranhos da Silva EG, Franco M, Rangel de Oliveira J. Artificial neural network hybridized with a genetic algorithm for optimization of lipase production from Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 10110 in solid-state fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Chitinase production by Trichoderma koningiopsis UFSMQ40 using solid state fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1897-1908. [PMID: 32737868 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00334-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chitinases have extensive biotechnological potential but have been little exploited commercially due to the low number of good chitinolytic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to identify a chitinolytic fungal and optimize its production using solid state fermentation (SSF) and agroindustry substrate, to evaluate different chitin sources for chitinase production, to evaluate different solvents for the extraction of enzymes produced during fermentation process, and to determine the nematicide effect of enzymatic extract and biological control of Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita nematodes. The fungus was previously isolated from bedbugs of Tibraca limbativentris Stal (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and selected among 51 isolated fungal as the largest producer of chitinolytic enzymes in SSF. The isolate UFSMQ40 has been identified as Trichoderma koningiopsis by the amplification of tef1 gene fragments. The greatest chitinase production (10.76 U gds-1) occurred with wheat bran substrate at 55% moisture, 15% colloidal chitin, 100% of corn steep liquor, and two discs of inoculum at 30 °C for 72 h. Considering the enzymatic inducers, the best chitinase production by the isolated fungus was achieved using chitin in colloidal, powder, and flakes. The usage of 1:15 g/mL of sodium citrate-phosphate buffer was the best ratio for chitinase extraction of SSF. The Trichoderma koningiopsis UFSMQ40 showed high mortality of M. javanica and M. incognita when applied to treatments with enzymatic filtrated and the suspension of conidia.
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Marques GL, Aguiar-Oliveira E. Yellow mombin and jackfruit seeds residues applied in the production of reducing sugars by a crude multi-enzymatic extract produced by Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 101110. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:3428-3434. [PMID: 32166762 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As an alternative to the use of widely investigated agro-industrial residues, the present study aimed to promote the valorization of two selected residues, yellow mombin seed (YS) and jackfruit seed (JS), as a result of their enhanced performance. RESULTS YS was applied as a solid state substrate for Penicillium roqueforti ATCC 101110 cultivation (25 °C, Aw = 0.963, 107 spores g-1 and 142 h) to produce a crude multi-enzymatic extract (CE-YS) containing activities of CMCase = 31.95 U g-1 , xylanase = 56.85 U g-1 , exoglucanase = 5.55 U g-1 and FPase = 24.60 U g-1 . CE-YS was then applied to six different residues saccharification and the best performance was obtained with jackfruit seed residue (JS), which was selected for enzymatic saccharification. The highest productivity of reducing sugars expressed as glucose (6.26 mg g-1 h-1 ) was obtained under the conditions: 40.7 g L-1 JS, 5 mmol L-1 MgCl2 , 65 °C, 120 rpm, pH 3.0 (citrate buffer 50 mmol L-1 ) and 18 h. CONCLUSION The residues, YS and JS, can be used satisfactorily for the production of bioproducts of great industrial applicability, such as crude extracts (containing cellulolytic enzymes) and RS (which can be converted, for example, into bioethanol). © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- George L Marques
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technologies (DCET), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Elizama Aguiar-Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Technologies (DCET), State University of Santa Cruz (UESC), Ilhéus, Brazil
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Composition of Synthesized Cellulolytic Enzymes Varied with the Usage of Agricultural Substrates and Microorganisms. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:1695-1710. [PMID: 32206967 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated various agricultural lignocellulosic biomass and variety of fungi to produce cellulolytic enzymes cocktail to yield high amount of reducing sugars. Solid-state fermentation was performed using water hyacinth, paddy straw, corn straw, soybean husk/tops, wheat straw, and sugarcane bagasse using fungi like Nocardiopsis sp. KNU, Trichoderma reesei, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus flavus, and Phanerochaete chrysosporium alone and in combination to produce cellulolytic enzymes. Water hyacinth produced (U ml-1) endoglucanase (51.13) and filter paperase (0.55), and corn straw produced (U ml-1) β-glucosidase (4.65), xylanase (113.32), and glucoamylase (41.27) after 7-day incubation using Nocardiopsis sp. KNU. Production of cellulolytic enzymes was altered due to addition of various nitrogen sources, metal ions, vitamins, and amino acids. The maximum cellulolytic enzymes were produced by P. chrysosporium (endoglucanase; 166.32 U ml-1 and exoglucanase; 12.20 U ml-1), and by T. viride (filter paperase; 1.57 U ml-1). Among all, co-culture of T. reesei, T. viride, A. flavus, and P. chrysosporium showed highest β-glucosidase (17.05 U ml-1). The highest xylanase (1129 U ml-1) was observed in T. viride + P. chrysosporium co-culture. This study revealed the dependency on substrate and microorganism to produce good quality enzyme cocktail to obtain maximum reducing sugars.
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