1
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Sobhi M, Zheng J, Li B, Gaballah MS, Aboagye D, Guo J, Dong R. Carbon footprint of dairy manure management chains in response to nutrient recovery by aerobic pre-treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 328:116975. [PMID: 36527801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic pre-treatment of liquid dairy manure has previously been reported as an effective nutrient export and emissions mitigation approach. The first objective of this study was to experimentally determine the optimal intermittent aeration ratio for nutrient recovery from liquid dairy manure through an on-site pilot-scale reactor to partially reduce the required energy for the aerobic process. The second objective was to theoretically investigate the total carbon footprints of direct manure spreading on croplands and permanent manure storage in open anaerobic lagoons in response to nutrient removal by the optimal determined intermittent aerobic treatment ratio. Four scenarios (S) were included; S1 was the traditional scenario of manure spread on croplands without the aerobic pre-treatment, S2 was the modified scenario of manure spread on croplands that included the aerobic pre-treatment, S3 was the traditional scenario of manure storage in lagoons, and S4 was the modified scenario of manure storage in lagoons that included the aerobic pre-treatment. The results showed that comparable nutrient removal efficiencies could be obtained with a 5:1 intermittent aeration ratio. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were recovered were 41.5 ± 1.3% and 37.0 ± 4.0%, respectively, in ammonium sulfate and phosphorus-rich sludge, while 55.3 ± 1.4% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was removed. The estimated total carbon footprint for S1, S2, S3, and S4 were 24.4, 37.9, 45.3, and 45.9 kg CO2-eqton-1, respectively. However, the total carbon footprint of S2' and S4', which used renewable-based energy to run the reactor instead of fossil-based energy used in S2 and S4, were estimated to 29.5 and 37.5 kg CO2-eqton-1, respectively. Clearly, applying the aerobic pre-treatment increased the total carbon footprint of all cases except S4', in which the total carbon footprint was mitigated by -17.2%. Accordingly, the aerobic pre-treatment is only recommended in the case of S4' from a carbon footprint point of view although it is an effective nutrient recovery technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sobhi
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Agricultural and Bio-systems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt
| | - Jiabao Zheng
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Mohamed S Gaballah
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dominic Aboagye
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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2
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Helchi S, Pajoum Shariati F, Emamshoushtari MM, Sohani E, Moayed Mohseni M, Bonakdarpour B. The hydrodynamic characterization of an oval airlift open pond (AOP) in the air–water system. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salar Helchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Pajoum Shariati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Sohani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moayed Mohseni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bonakdarpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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3
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González-Gloria K, Rodríguez-Jasso RM, Saxena R, Sindhu R, Ali SS, Singhania RR, Patel AK, Binod P, Ruiz HA. Bubble column bioreactor design and evaluation for bioethanol production using simultaneous saccharification and fermentation strategy from hydrothermally pretreated lignocellulosic biomass. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Li L, Xu X, Wang W, Lau R, Wang CH. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer of concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactors: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127451. [PMID: 35716864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactor is a typical reactor configuration which has been adopted for a myriad of chemical and biological processes. The reactor hydrodynamics (including mixing) and the mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases remarkably affect the operational conditions and thus are crucial to the overall reactor performance. Hence, this study aims at providing a thorough description of the basic concepts and a comprehensive review of the relevant reported studies on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of the concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactors, taking microalgae cultivation as an exemplary application. In particular, the reactor characteristics, geometry, CFD modeling, experimental characterization, and scale up considerations are elucidated. The research gaps for future research and development are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wujun Wang
- Department of Energy Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 68, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Lau
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 138602, Singapore.
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5
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Peh S, Mu T, Zhong W, Yang M, Chen Z, Yang G, Zhao X, Sharshar MM, Samak NA, Xing J. Enhanced Biodesulfurization with a Microbubble Strategy in an Airlift Bioreactor with Haloalkaliphilic Bacterium Thioalkalivibrio versutus D306. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15518-15528. [PMID: 35571827 PMCID: PMC9096976 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biodesulfurization under haloalkaline conditions requires limiting oxygen and additional energy in the system to deliver high mixing quality control. This study considers biodesulfurization in an airlift bioreactor with uniform microbubbles generated by a fluidic oscillation aeration system to enhance the biological desulfurization process and its hydrodynamics. Fluidic oscillation aeration in an airlift bioreactor requires minimal energy input for microbubble generation. This aeration system produced 81.87% smaller average microbubble size than the direct aeration system in a bubble column bioreactor. The biodesulfurization phase achieved a yield of 94.94% biological sulfur, 84.91% biological sulfur selectivity, and 5.06% sulfur oxidation performance in the airlift bioreactor with the microbubble strategy. The biodesulfurization conditions of thiosulfate via Thioalkalivibrio versutus D306 are revealed in this study. The biodesulfurization conditions in the airlift bioreactor with the fluidic oscillation aeration system resulted in the complete conversion of thiosulfate with 27.64% less sulfate production and 10.34% more biological sulfur production than in the bubble column bioreactor. Therefore, pleasant hydrodynamics via an airlift bioreactor mechanism with microbubbles is favored for biodesulfurization under haloalkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Peh
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tingzhen Mu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Maohua Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Gama Yang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xuhao Zhao
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Moustafa Mohamed Sharshar
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Nadia A. Samak
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Processes
Design and Development Department, Egyptian
Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr
City 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jianmin Xing
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, State Key Laboratory
of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
- Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, P.R. China
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6
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Puiman L, Abrahamson B, Lans RGVD, Haringa C, Noorman HJ, Picioreanu C. Alleviating mass transfer limitations in industrial external-loop syngas-to-ethanol fermentation. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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7
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Effect of hydrodynamic parameters on hydrogen production by Anabaena sp. in an internal-loop airlift photobioreactor. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Yang H, Chen A, Geng S, Cheng J, Gao F, Huang Q, Yang C. Influences of fluid physical properties, solid particles, and operating conditions on the hydrodynamics in slurry reactors. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Influence of Sparger Type on Mass Transfer in a Pilot-Scale Internal Loop Airlift Reactor. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In a pilot-scale internal loop airlift reactor with a height of 5.5 m and a main column diameter of 0.484 m, the influence of three gas sparger structures (ladder distributor, tri-nozzle sparger and perforated plate) on the volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa was investigated. It was found that the perforated plate produces the highest gas holdup difference and circulating liquid velocity between the riser and the downcomer. The perforated plate provides the most efficient mass transfer due to the more uniform gas distribution and higher circulating liquid velocity, followed by the ladder distributor and tri-nozzle spargers. Compared with the tri-nozzle sparger, the perforated plate increases the value of kLa by up to 16% at a superficial velocity of 0.15 m/s. Interestingly, the analysis of the liquid-phase mass transfer coefficient kL and specific area a with respect to gas velocity shows that the mass transfer rate is primarily controlled by a. By comparing the predictions of different mass transfer models, the slip velocity model based on penetration theory yields a satisfactory agreement with the experimental results within ±15% error. Meanwhile, empirical correlations regarding gas holdup and kLa were developed and were found to have good consistency with experimental values.
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10
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Effective Analysis of Different Gas Diffusers on Bubble Hydrodynamics in Bubble Column and Airlift Reactors towards Mass Transfer Enhancement. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Even bubble column reactors (BCR) and airlift reactors (ALR) have been developed in terms of various related aspects towards mass transfer enhancement, the effective analysis of gas diffuser types on mass transfer and gas–liquid hydrodynamic characteristics is still limited. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the relative effect of different types of air diffusers on bubble hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance to understand their behaviors and define the best type. The experiments were conducted by varying different diffuser types, reactor types (BCR and ALR), and superficial gas velocity (Vg) (0.12 to 1.00 cm/s). Five air diffusers including commercial fine sand (F-sand) and coarse sand (C-sand) diffusers, and acrylic perforated diffusers with orifice sizes of 0.3 mm (H-0.3), 0.6 mm (H-0.6), and 1.2 mm (H-1.2), were used in this study. For every condition, it was analyzed in terms of bubble hydrodynamics and oxygen mass transfer coefficient (KLa). Lastly, the selected diffusers that provided the highest KLa coefficient were evaluated with a solid media addition case. The results of both reactor classes showed that F-sand, the smallest orifice diffuser, showed the smallest air bubbles (3.14–4.90 mm) compared to other diffusers, followed by C-sand, which larger about 22–28% on average than F-sand. ALR exhibited a better ability to maintain smaller bubbles than BCR. Moreover, F-sand and C-sand diffusers showed a slower rising velocity through their smaller bubbles and the tiny bubble recirculation in ALR. Using F-sand in ALR, the rising velocity is about 1.60–2.58 dm/s, which is slower than that in BCR about 39–54%. F-sand and C-sand were also found as the significant diffusers in terms of interfacial area and gas hold-up. Then, the KLa coefficient was estimated in every diffuser and reactor under the varying of Vg. Up to 270% higher KLa value was achieved from the use of F-sand and C-sand compared to other types due to their smaller bubbles generated/maintained and longer bubble retention time through slower rising velocity. After adding 10% ring shape plastic media into the reactors with F-sand and C-sand diffusers, a better performance was achieved in terms of KLa coefficient (up to 39%) as well as gas hold-up and liquid mixing. Lastly, ALR also had a larger portion of mixed flow pattern than BCR. This eventually promoted mass transfer by enhancing the mixed flow regime.
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11
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Sobhi M, Gaballah MS, Han T, Cui X, Li B, Sun H, Guo J, Dong R. Nutrients recovery from fresh liquid manure through an airlift reactor to mitigate the greenhouse gas emissions of open anaerobic lagoons. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 294:112956. [PMID: 34126527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Open anaerobic lagoons are widely used for liquid manure storage and treatment, with excess greenhouse gas (GHG) and odor emissions. In this study, liquid manure was valorized through hybrid nitrogen and phosphorous recovery as value-added products using an airlift reactor. Also, the organic load of liquid manure was reduced before discharging into anaerobic lagoons, which simultaneously mitigated GHG emissions. The results showed that 14.5% of total nitrogen (TN) was recovered as ammonium sulfate, while 38.8% of TN and 79.3% of total phosphorus (TP) were recovered as phosphorus-rich sludge. After the pre-treatment in the reactor, the odor could be controlled effectively due to a 94.2% decrease in total VFAs. In addition, 59.0% of COD was removed, which decreased the theoretical modeled GHG emissions by 51.7% compared to the traditional direct discharging. The application is promising for upgrading anaerobic lagoons of liquid manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Sobhi
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Agricultural and Bio-systems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Gaballah
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Tongtong Han
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xian Cui
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Bowen Li
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jianbin Guo
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering (Key Laboratory for Clean Renewable Energy Utilization Technology, Ministry of Agriculture), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, PR China; Yantai Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai, 264032, Shandong, PR China
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12
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Choi KH. Prediction of gas holdup in various types of airlift reactors. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0822-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Effects of sparger design on the gas holdup and mass transfer in a pilot scale external loop airlift reactor. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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14
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Teli SM, Mathpati CS. Experimental and Numerical Study of Gas-Liquid Flow in a Sectionalized External-Loop Airlift Reactor. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Lin S, Peng Y, Li Y, Wang J, Song G. Development and application of a microwave loop reactor radiating through a leaky coaxial antenna(s). NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01668g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces an MW-loop reactor which can perform excellent circulation due to the presence of an antenna, without external gas injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yanqing Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Information Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
| | - Gonghua Song
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- China
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16
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Weber M. WattsApp
in Multiphase Systems by Gravity‐Driven Buoyancy and Settling. CHEM-ING-TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Weber
- INEOS Phenol GmbH Dechenstraße 3 45966 Gladbeck Germany
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17
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Jatoi AS, Aziz S, Soomro SA. Biological assisted organic sulfur removal from low rank indigenous coal using airlift bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:417-427. [PMID: 33034739 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02453-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Combustion of coal create many harmful gases which effect on human health as well as on environment. The sulfur in coal limits its own use, and bio-desulfurization (BDS) shows enormous development potential and the prospects for the application of coal desulfurization. Present study highlights the bioprocess strategies for reduction of sulfur content from coal before combustion. The bioprocess involved the use of Airlift Bioreactor along with Rhodococcus sp. ATCC55309 as biocatalyst. Different nutritional and operational parameters involved to promote sulfur reduction at maximum level. The parameters were investigated are different carbon source, temperature, pH, Agitation speed, and pulp density. The impact of these parameters shows that sulfur removal can be enhanced though optimized conditions. The amount of total sulfur and organic sulfur present in coal were reduced by 33 ± 1.7% and 71 ± 1.5%, respectively, compared to untreated coal at controlled condition of various parameters are 20% (w/v) pulp density, 30 °C, 170 rpm, glucose as carbon source and pH 7. Whereas organic sulfur degrades from coal using Rhodococcus sp. ATCC55309 about 0.36 mM DBT (Di-benzothiophene) within 8 days via 4S-pathway. The maximum conversion of DBT compound into 2-HBP(2-hydroxybiphenyl) by utilizing 30 °C, 170 rpm, 20 pulp density and glucose as carbon source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Sattar Jatoi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Sindh, Pakistan. .,Department of Chemical Engineering Dawood, University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheen Aziz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Suhail Ahmed Soomro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76062, Sindh, Pakistan
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18
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Teli SM, Mathpati CS. Computational fluid dynamics of rectangular external loop airlift reactor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe novel design of a rectangular external loop airlift reactor is at present the most used large-scale reactor for microalgae culture. It has a unique future for a large surface to volume ratio for exposure of light radiation for photosynthesis reaction. The 3D simulations have been performed in rectangular EL-ALR. The Eulerian–Eulerian approach has been used with a dispersed gas phase for different turbulent models. The performance and applicability of different turbulent model’s i.e., K-epsilon standard, K-epsilon realizable, K-omega, and Reynolds stress model are used and compared with experimental results. All drag forces and non-drag forces (turbulent dispersion, virtual mass, and lift coefficient) are included in the model. The experimental values of overall gas hold-up and average liquid circulation velocity have been compared with simulation and literature results. It is seemed to give good agreements. For the different elevations in the downcomer section, liquid axial velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and turbulent eddy dissipation experimental have been compared with different turbulent models. The K-epsilon Realizable model gives better prediction with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanand M. Teli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Ratnagiri, Khed, India
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19
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Wu F, Zhang J, Xiao A, Gu X, Lee WL, Armas F, Kauffman K, Hanage W, Matus M, Ghaeli N, Endo N, Duvallet C, Poyet M, Moniz K, Washburne AD, Erickson TB, Chai PR, Thompson J, Alm EJ. SARS-CoV-2 Titers in Wastewater Are Higher than Expected from Clinically Confirmed Cases. mSystems 2020. [PMID: 32660974 DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2019.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wastewater surveillance represents a complementary approach to clinical surveillance to measure the presence and prevalence of emerging infectious diseases like the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This innovative data source can improve the precision of epidemiological modeling to understand the penetrance of SARS-CoV-2 in specific vulnerable communities. Here, we tested wastewater collected at a major urban treatment facility in Massachusetts and detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA from the N gene at significant titers (57 to 303 copies per ml of sewage) in the period from 18 to 25 March 2020 using RT-qPCR. We validated detection of SARS-CoV-2 by Sanger sequencing the PCR product from the S gene. Viral titers observed were significantly higher than expected based on clinically confirmed cases in Massachusetts as of 25 March. Our approach is scalable and may be useful in modeling the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and future outbreaks.IMPORTANCE Wastewater-based surveillance is a promising approach for proactive outbreak monitoring. SARS-CoV-2 is shed in stool early in the clinical course and infects a large asymptomatic population, making it an ideal target for wastewater-based monitoring. In this study, we develop a laboratory protocol to quantify viral titers in raw sewage via qPCR analysis and validate results with sequencing analysis. Our results suggest that the number of positive cases estimated from wastewater viral titers is orders of magnitude greater than the number of confirmed clinical cases and therefore may significantly impact efforts to understand the case fatality rate and progression of disease. These data may help inform decisions surrounding the advancement or scale-back of social distancing and quarantine efforts based on dynamic wastewater catchment-level estimations of prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqing Wu
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amy Xiao
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore
| | - Wei Lin Lee
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore
| | - Federica Armas
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore
| | - Kathryn Kauffman
- University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - William Hanage
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mariana Matus
- Biobot Analytics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Newsha Ghaeli
- Biobot Analytics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noriko Endo
- Biobot Analytics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Mathilde Poyet
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katya Moniz
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Timothy B Erickson
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Humanitarian Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter R Chai
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janelle Thompson
- Singapore Center for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore
| | - Eric J Alm
- Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Biobot Analytics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Jafarian M, Chisti Y, Nathan GJ. Gas-lift circulation of a liquid between two inter-connected bubble columns. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Pelivanoski B, Detmann B, Ooms K, Winkler M, Vasyukova E, Denecke M. Design of a 1000 L pilot-scale airlift bioreactor for nitrification with application of a three-phase hydrodynamic mathematical model and prediction of a low liquid circulation velocity. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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A conceptual air-lift reactor design for large scale animal cell cultivation in the context of in vitro meat production. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivanand M. Teli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Gharda Institute of Technology, Ratnagiri, India
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Cunha JR, Schott C, van der Weijden RD, Leal LH, Zeeman G, Buisman C. Recovery of calcium phosphate granules from black water using a hybrid upflow anaerobic sludge bed and gas-lift reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108671. [PMID: 31520821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adding calcium during anaerobic digestion of vacuum collected black water (BW) in an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor increased the retention of total phosphorus (P) in the reactor from 51% to 87%. However, the insufficient mixing in the reactor caused cementation and relatively high content of organics in the recovered calcium phosphate (CaP) granules, limiting the P recovery. In this study, the UASB reactor was mixed with an internal gas-lift (UASB-GL) to prevent cementation and to enhance the P content in CaP granules. The novel UASB-GL reactor operated for 300 days, treating concentrated BW. At steady state, the removal of total COD and P was 92% and 90%, respectively. The gas injection created a sludge bed with an average total suspended solids concentration of 73 ± 16 g/L at the bottom and 31 ± 5 g/L at the top of the reactor. The concentration of solid P at the bottom of the reactor was 4.58 ± 1.34 gP/L, while at the top a much lower concentration was obtained (0.75 ± 0.32 gP/L). 89% of the CaP granules was found at the bottom of the reactor. The harvested CaP granules (>0.4 mm diameter) contained on average 7.8 ± 0.6 wt% of P. A potential recovery of 57% of P in BW as CaP granules was calculated, considering actual application of the UASB-GL reactor in source separated sanitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Ricardo Cunha
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O: Box 1113, 8900CC, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Institut für Energie- und Umwelttechnik e. V., (IUTA, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology), Bliersheimer Str. 58-60, 47229, Duisburg, Germany.
| | - Chris Schott
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O: Box 1113, 8900CC, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Renata D van der Weijden
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O: Box 1113, 8900CC, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Lucía Hernández Leal
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O: Box 1113, 8900CC, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands.
| | - Grietje Zeeman
- Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Cees Buisman
- Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, P.O: Box 1113, 8900CC, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands; Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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25
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Beyl T, Louw TM, Pott RWM. Cyanobacterial Growth in Minimally Amended Anaerobic Digestion Effluent and Flue-Gas. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100428. [PMID: 31600960 PMCID: PMC6843200 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an important industrial process, particularly in a biorefinery approach. The liquid effluent and carbon dioxide in the off-gas, can be used to produce high-value products through the cultivation of cyanobacteria. Growth on AD effluent is often limited due to substrate limitation or inhibitory compounds. This study demonstrates the successful cultivation of Synechococcus on minimally amended AD effluent, supplemented with MgSO4 and diluted with seawater. An 8 L airlift reactor illustrated growth in a pilot scale setup. Higher biomass yields were observed for cyanobacteria grown in diluted AD effluent compared to minimal medium, with 60% total nitrogen removal in the effluent. It was demonstrated that controlling the pH, increasing dissolved salt concentrations and adding MgSO4 to the effluent allowed for the successful cultivation of the cyanobacterium, circumventing the addition of clean water for effluent dilution. This could ultimately increase the feasibility of anaerobic digestion-microalgae integrated biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Beyl
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, MATIELAND 7602, South Africa.
| | - Tobias M Louw
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, MATIELAND 7602, South Africa.
| | - Robert W M Pott
- Department of Process Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag XI, MATIELAND 7602, South Africa.
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Riegler P, Chrusciel T, Mayer A, Doll K, Weuster-Botz D. Reversible retrofitting of a stirred-tank bioreactor for gas-lift operation to perform synthesis gas fermentation studies. Biochem Eng J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sanjari S, Mohammad Gholizadeh H, Vahabzadeh F. Loofa immobilized Bacillus sp. DSM 2523 as a whole cell biocatalyst for production of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase in an airlift reactor with a net draft tube. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2018.1488247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sanjari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mohammad Gholizadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vahabzadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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29
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Gao Y, Hong D, Lu H, Cheng Y, Wang L, Li X. Gas holdup and liquid velocity distributions in the up flow jet-loop reactor. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Han M, Laari A, Koiranen T. Effect of aeration mode on the performance of center- and annulus-rising internal-loop airlift bioreactors. CAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Han
- School of Engineering Science; Lappeenranta University of Technology; P.O. Box 20 FI-53851 Lappeenranta Finland
| | - Arto Laari
- School of Engineering Science; Lappeenranta University of Technology; P.O. Box 20 FI-53851 Lappeenranta Finland
| | - Tuomas Koiranen
- School of Engineering Science; Lappeenranta University of Technology; P.O. Box 20 FI-53851 Lappeenranta Finland
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31
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Liew SY, Gimbun J. CFD Simulation on the Hydrodynamics in Gas-Liquid Airlift Reactor. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo-fluid model approach to simulate gas-liquid airlift reactors is widely implemented but have yet to reach a consensus on the closure model to account the gas-liquid interphase forces. Proper selection of a closure model is required in order to accurately capture the hydrodynamics in the complex of the two-phase system. Our work concerns the evaluation of the interfacial forces models (i. e. drag, lift and turbulent dispersion force) and their effects on local gas holdup and liquid velocity. A transient three-dimensional airlift reactor simulation was carried out using computational fluid dynamics by implementing the dispersed standardk-εturbulence model. Four drag models governed by spherical bubble, bubble deformation and Rayleigh-Taylor were being evaluated in our work. The significance on the inclusion of the lift model on predictive accuracy on the flow field was also studied as well. Whereas, two turbulent dispersion force models were selected to evaluate on their performance in improving the predictive accuracy of the local hydrodynamics. Results showed that the drag governed by Rayleigh-Taylor which accounts the bubble swarm effect had better predictions on the gas holdup in the downcomer and improved predictions in radial gas holdup. The inclusion of the lift model improved local gas holdup predictions at higher heights of the reactor and shifted the bubble plume towards the centre region of the riser. Meanwhile, the turbulent dispersion models improved the overall results of predicted local gas holdup with closer agreement obtained when the drift velocity model was considered in the simulation. The axial liquid velocity was well predicted for all cases. The consideration of the drag, lift and turbulent dispersion forces resulted in a closer agreement with experimental data.
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McClure DD, Dolton TP, Barton GW, Fletcher DF, Kavanagh JM. Hydrodynamics and mixing in airlift contactors: Experimental work and CFD modelling. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of airlift bioreactor: effect of draft tube configurations on hydrodynamics, cell suspension, and shear rate. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:31-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractAirlift reactor (ALR) is a promising multiphase reactor for industrial applications. Abundant reports about modifications of the conventional ALR and optimization of their operation conditions for the purpose of performance enhancement have been accumulated in literatures, demanding a review paper to summarize the reactor design modifications and operation condition optimization of the ALR. In this review, the published research findings and results have been summarized. The basic concepts including the ALRs’ conventional design, classification, principles of operation, and characteristic parameters have been analyzed and systematically organized. The updated advances in the ALR design modifications have been reported. In particular, the concepts of the “groveled ALR” solving the scaling up problem in wastewater treatment, large-scale application, and the ALR with the cross-shaped geometry modifier stabilizing and strengthening the reactor were considered. Also, new operation modes and optimal conditions for enhancing the performance of the ALR have also been summed up. Except for conventional gas-driven methods, new driven methods for the ALR, such as mixture emission of the gas and the liquid and gas-inducing impeller, have been introduced. Optimization of operation conditions for the ALR includes varying position of the gas spargers, utilizing elevated pressure reactor, and exploring the impact of operation parameters, such as superficial gas velocity, static liquid level, and fluid properties. Comparisons between conventional ALRs and the modified systems are carried out paying attention to analogies, similarities, and differences. Most of the documented research results are obtained for various reactor designs at a laboratory scale; studies at pilot and full scale are still insufficient, which indicates that universal scale up design rules permitting the ALR design with a high confidence are required.
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Pawar SB. CFD analysis of flow regimes in airlift reactor using Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. CAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay B. Pawar
- Environmental Biotechnology Division; CSIR, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI); Nagpur India
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Rossi MJ, Nascimento FX, Giachini AJ, Oliveira VL, Furigo A. Transfer and consumption of oxygen during the cultivation of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Rhizopogon nigrescens in an airlift bioreactor. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:1013-1024. [PMID: 27687991 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7854-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The study had the objective of examining the aspects involved in the cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungi for the production of commercially sustainable inoculant to attend the demands of the seedling nursery industry. It focused on certain parameters, such as the oxygen consumption levels, during the cultivation of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Rhizopogon nigrescens CBMAI 1472, which was performed in a 5-L airlift bioreactor. The dynamic method was employed to determine the volumetric coefficient for the oxygen transfer (k L a) and the specific oxygen uptake rate (Q O2 ). The results indicate that specific growth rates (μ X ) and oxygen consumption decline rapidly with time, affected mainly by increases in biomass concentration (X). Increases in X are obtained primarily by increases in the size of pellets that are formed, altering, consequently, the cultivation dynamics. This is the result of natural increases in transferring resistance that are observed in these environments. Therefore, to avoid critical conditions that affect viability and the productivity of the process, particular settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio José Rossi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Xavier Nascimento
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Admir José Giachini
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Vetúria Lopes Oliveira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Agenor Furigo
- Departamento de Engenharia Química e Engenharia de Alimentos, Centro Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CP 476, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
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Rivera-Terceros P, Tito-Claros E, Torrico S, Carballo S, Van-Thuoc D, Quillaguamán J. Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) by Halomonas boliviensis in an air-lift reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:8. [PMID: 26236692 PMCID: PMC4522284 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-015-0031-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Microbial polyesters, also known as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), closely resemble physical and mechanical features of petroleum derived plastics. Recombinant Escherichia coli strains are being used in industrial production of PHAs in Stirred Tank Bioreactors (STRs). However, use of Air-Lift Reactors (ALRs) has been known to offer numerous technical operating options over STRs, and as such has been successfully implemented in many bioprocesses. Halomonas boliviensis is a halophilic bacterium that is known to assimilate various carbohydrates and convert them into a particular type of PHA known as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). Owing to this capability, it has been used to synthesize the polyester using hydrolysates of starch or wheat bran in stirred tank bioreactors. Results This research article firstly describes the production of PHB in shake flasks by H. boliviensis using different combinations of carbohydrates and partially hydrolyzed starch as carbon sources. The highest PHB yields, between 56 and 61 % (wt.), were achieved when either starch hydrolysate or a mixture of glucose and xylose were used as carbon sources. The starch hydrolysate obtained in this study was then used as carbon source in an ALR. The largest amount of PHB, 41 % (wt.), was attained after 24 hrs of cultivation during which maltose in the hydrolysate was assimilated more rapidly than glucose during active cell growth; however, the rate of assimilation of both the carbohydrates was found to be similar during synthesis of PHB. An incomplete pentose phosphate pathway, which lacks 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, was deduced from the genome sequence of this bacterium and may result in the characteristic assimilation of glucose and maltose by the cells. Conclusions This study showed that the production of PHB by H. boliviensis using cheap substrates such as starch hydrolysate in a simple production system involving an ALR is feasible. Both maltose and glucose in the hydrolysate induce cell growth and PHB synthesis; most likely the cells balance adequately CoA and NAD(P)H during the assimilation of these carbohydrates. The combination of cheap substrates, simple production systems and the use of non-strict sterile conditions by the halophile H. boliviensis are desirable traits for large scale production of PHB, and should lead to a competitive bioprocess. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40709-015-0031-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rivera-Terceros
- Center of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Estefanía Tito-Claros
- Center of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Sonia Torrico
- Center of Agroindustrial Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Sergio Carballo
- Center of Food and Natural Products, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Doan Van-Thuoc
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, 136 XuanThuy, CauGiay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jorge Quillaguamán
- Center of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, San Simon University, Cochabamba, Bolivia
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Sanjari S, Vahabzadeh F, Naderifar A, Pesaran M. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer coefficients of airlift reactors with net draft tubes of different sizes: Production of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase usingBacillussp. DSM 2523. STARCH-STARKE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201400057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Sanjari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
| | - Farzaneh Vahabzadeh
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Naderifar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Food Engineering and Biotechnology Group; Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic); Tehran Iran
| | - Mahdi Pesaran
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
- Department of Bioreactor Engineering, Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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Fernández I, Acién FG, Berenguel M, Guzmán JL. First Principles Model of a Tubular Photobioreactor for Microalgal Production. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501438r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Informatics, CIESOL, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, International Excellence Campus ceiA3, E04120 Almería, Spain
| | - F. Gabriel Acién
- Department of Informatics, CIESOL, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, International Excellence Campus ceiA3, E04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Berenguel
- Department of Informatics, CIESOL, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, International Excellence Campus ceiA3, E04120 Almería, Spain
| | - José Luis Guzmán
- Department of Informatics, CIESOL, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, International Excellence Campus ceiA3, E04120 Almería, Spain
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Wei C, Wu B, Li G, Chen K, Jiang M, Ouyang P. Comparison of the hydrodynamics and mass transfer characteristics in internal-loop airlift bioreactors utilizing either a novel membrane-tube sparger or perforated plate sparger. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:2289-304. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1207-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Genin SN, Stewart Aitchison J, Grant Allen D. Design of algal film photobioreactors: material surface energy effects on algal film productivity, colonization and lipid content. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:136-43. [PMID: 24441594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A parallel plate air lift reactor was used to examine the growth kinetics of mixed culture algal biofilms grown on various materials (acrylic, glass, polycarbonate, polystyrene and cellulose acetate). The growth kinetics of the algal biofilms were non-linear overall and their overall productivities ranged from 1.10-2.08g/m(2)day, with those grown on cellulose acetate having the highest productivity. Overall algal biofilm productivity was largely explained by differences in the colonization time which in turn was strongly correlated to the polar surface energy of the material, but weakly correlated to water-material contact angle. When colonization time was taken into account, the productivity for all materials except acrylic was not significantly different at approximately 2g/m(2)/day. Lipid content of the algal biofilms ranged from 6% to 8% (w/w) and was not correlated to water-material contact angle or polar surface energy. The results have potential application for selecting appropriate materials for algal film photobioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Genin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
| | - J Stewart Aitchison
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada.
| | - D Grant Allen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto, 200 College St, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Lee KY, Buldum G, Mantalaris A, Bismarck A. More Than Meets the Eye in Bacterial Cellulose: Biosynthesis, Bioprocessing, and Applications in Advanced Fiber Composites. Macromol Biosci 2013; 14:10-32. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koon-Yang Lee
- Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research; University of Vienna; Währinger Straβe 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus; SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Gizem Buldum
- Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus; SW7 2AZ London UK
- Biological System Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus; SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Biological System Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus; SW7 2AZ London UK
| | - Alexander Bismarck
- Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research; University of Vienna; Währinger Straβe 42 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- Polymer and Composite Engineering (PaCE) Group, Department of Chemical Engineering; Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus; SW7 2AZ London UK
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Gharib J, Keshavarz Moraveji M, Davarnejad R, Malool ME. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer study of aliphatic alcohols in airlift reactors. Chem Eng Res Des 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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High cell density fed-batch fermentations for lipase production: feeding strategies and oxygen transfer. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2013; 36:1527-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-0943-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Babak MMS, Goharrizi AS, Mirzaei M, Roayaei E. An experimental study for enhancing the catalytic effects of various copper forms on the oxidation of ferrous iron. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1-6. [PMID: 23530309 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.679625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this research the catalytic effect of copper compounds (ionic, oxide and oxide nanopowder) on the oxidation of ferrous iron by aeration was studied experimentally. When copper exists in solution, the oxidation rate of iron(II) will increase. The experimental results showed that the oxidation rate increases with an increasing copper concentration. From the experimental data it can be determined that the copper oxide nanopowder is the most effective for the oxidation reaction among the used copper forms. Aeration is the most economical oxidation method when water exhibits a high ferrous iron concentration.
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Gahlawat G, Sengupta B, Srivastava AK. Enhanced production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) in a novel airlift reactor with in situ cell retention using Azohydromonas australica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 39:1377-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-012-1138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Economic production of biodegradable plastics is a challenge particularly because of high substrate and energy cost inputs for its production. Research efforts are being directed towards innovations to minimize both of the above costs to economize polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production. A novel airlift reactor (ALR) with outer aeration and internal settling was utilized in this investigation. Although it featured no power consumption for agitation, it facilitated increased oxygen transfer rate and better cell retention than stirred tank reactor (STR), thereby resulting in enhanced PHB productivity. ALR with in situ cell retention demonstrated a significant improvement in biomass concentration and biopolymer accumulation. The total PHB production rate, specific biomass, and product yield in the ALR were observed to be 0.84 g/h, 0.43 g/g, and 0.32 g/g, respectively. The studies revealed that the volumetric oxygen mass transfer rate and mixing time for ALR were 0.016 s−1 and 3.73 s, respectively, at 2.0 vvm as compared with corresponding values of 0.005 s−1 and 4.95 s, respectively, in STR. This demonstrated that ALR has better oxygen mass transfer and mixing efficiency than STR. Hence, ALR with cell retention would serve as a better bioreactor design for economic biopolymer production than STR, particularly due to its lower cost of operation and simplicity along with its enhanced oxygen and heat transfer rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Gahlawat
- grid.417967.a 0000000405588755 Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 110016 Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Bedoshree Sengupta
- grid.411639.8 0000000105715193 Manipal Institute of Technology 576104 Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Ashok K Srivastava
- grid.417967.a 0000000405588755 Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 110016 Hauz Khas New Delhi India
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Deinking in bubble column and airlift reactors: Influence of wastewater of Merox unit as pulping liquor. Chem Eng Res Des 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Rujiruttanakul Y, Pavasant P. Influence of configuration on the performance of external loop airlift contactors. Chem Eng Res Des 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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