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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF, Mkrtchyan FA, Xue Y. Mission to Mars: effective tools for searching and diagnosing water resources. REMOTE SENSING LETTERS 2022:1-13. [DOI: 10.1080/2150704x.2022.2033346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Costas A. Varotsos
- Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, Athens, Greece
- School of Environment Science and Geoinformatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Vladimir F. Krapivin
- Kotelnikov’s Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Fryazino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Russia
| | - Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan
- Kotelnikov’s Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Fryazino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fryazino, Russia
| | - Yong Xue
- School of Environment Science and Geoinformatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby, UK
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Atmospheric pollution in the ten most populated US cities. Evidence of persistence. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08105. [PMID: 34646957 PMCID: PMC8495105 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The degree of persistence in daily PM25 and O3 in the ten most populated US cities, namely New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Phoenix, Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Diego, Dallas and San Jose is examined in this work. We employ a methodology based on fractional integration, using the order of integration as a measure of the degree of persistence. Using data for the time period from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020, our results indicate that fractional integration and long memory features are both present in all the examined cases, with the integration order of the series being constrained in the (0, 1) interval. Based on this, the estimation of the coefficients for the time trend produces results which are substantially different from those obtained under the I (0) assumption.
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Varotsos CA, Mazei Y, Saldaev D, Efstathiou M, Voronova T, Xue Y. Nowcasting of air pollution episodes in megacities: A case study for Athens, Greece. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 12:101099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2021.101099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF, Xue Y. Diagnostic model for the society safety under COVID-19 pandemic conditions. SAFETY SCIENCE 2021; 136:105164. [PMID: 33758466 PMCID: PMC7972928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to develop an information-modeling method for assessing and predicting the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, a detailed analysis of official statistical information provided by global and national organizations is carried out. The developed method is based on the algorithm of multi-channel big data processing considering the demographic and socio-economic information. COVID-19 data are analyzed using an instability indicator and a system of differential equations that describe the dynamics of four groups of people: susceptible, infected, recovered and dead. Indicators of the global sustainable development in various sectors are considered to analyze COVID-19 data. Stochastic processes induced by COVID-19 are assessed with the instability indicator showing the level of stability of official data and the reduction of the level of uncertainty. It turns out that the number of deaths is rising with the Human Development Index. It is revealed that COVID-19 divides the global population into three groups according to the relationship between Gross Domestic Product and the number of infected people. The prognosis for the number of infected people in December 2020 and January-February 2021 shows negative events which will decrease slowly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas A Varotsos
- Department of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Bldg PHYS-V, GR-157 84 Athens, Greece
| | - Vladimir F Krapivin
- Kotelnikov's Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Fryazino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vvedensky 1, Fryazino, Moscow Region, 141190, Russian Federation
| | - Yong Xue
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
- Department of Electronics, Computing and Mathematics, College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Kedleston Road, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
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Krapivin VF, Mkrtchan FA, Varotsos CA, Xue Y. Operational Diagnosis of Arctic Waters with Instrumental Technology and Information Modeling. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2021; 232:137. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05068-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Optical Spectral Tools for Diagnosing Water Media Quality: A Case Study on the Angara/Yenisey River System in the Siberian Region. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of spectral optical measurements of hydrochemical characteristics in the Angara/Yenisei river system (AYRS) extending from Lake Baikal to the estuary of the Yenisei River. For the first time, such large-scale observations were made as part of a joint American-Russian expedition in July and August of 1995, when concentrations of radionuclides, heavy metals, and oil hydrocarbons were assessed. The results of this study were obtained as part of the Russian hydrochemical expedition in July and August, 2019. For in situ measurements and sampling at 14 sampling sites, three optical spectral instruments and appropriate software were used, including big data processing algorithms and an AYRS simulation model. The results show that the water quality in AYRS has improved slightly due to the reasonably reduced anthropogenic industrial impact. Chemical concentrations in water have been found to vary along the Angara River depending on the location of the dams. The results of in situ measurements and modeling evaluations are given. To overcome the uncertainties in the data caused by the large monitoring area, it is recommended to use the combined AYRS simulation model and the universal 8-channel spectrophotometer installed on a fixed platform for continuous monitoring.
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Meyer PG, Kantz H, Zhou Y. Characterizing variability and predictability for air pollutants with stochastic models. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:033148. [PMID: 33810724 DOI: 10.1063/5.0041120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and ozone concentrations in Hong Kong. Using fluctuation functions as a measure for their variability, we develop several simple data models and test their predictive power. We discuss two relevant dynamical properties, namely, the scaling of fluctuations, which is associated with long memory, and the deviations from the Gaussian distribution. While the scaling of fluctuations can be shown to be an artifact of a relatively regular seasonal cycle, the process does not follow a normal distribution even when corrected for correlations and non-stationarity due to random (Poissonian) spikes. We compare predictability and other fitted model parameters between stations and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp G Meyer
- Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden D-01187, Germany
| | - Holger Kantz
- Max-Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden D-01187, Germany
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Future Cities, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Varotsos C, Christodoulakis J, Kouremadas GA, Fotaki EF. The Signature of the Coronavirus Lockdown in Air Pollution in Greece. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2021; 232:119. [PMID: 33716350 PMCID: PMC7942215 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05055-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The change in atmospheric pollution from a public lockdown in Greece introduced to curb the spread of the COVID-19 is examined based on ground-based and satellite observations. The results showed that in most cases, the change in atmospheric pollution is not statistically significant. It is probably an artifact of the meteorological conditions that contributed significantly to the long-range transport of air pollutants over Greece during the shutdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Varotsos
- Climate Research Group, Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - John Christodoulakis
- Climate Research Group, Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - George A. Kouremadas
- Climate Research Group, Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni-Foteini Fotaki
- Climate Research Group, Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, 15784 Athens, Greece
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Varotsos C, Krapivin V, Mkrtchyan F, Zhou X. On the effects of aviation on carbon-methane cycles and climate change during the period 2015-2100. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 12:184-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Chattopadhyay G, Midya SK, Chattopadhyay S. Information Theoretic Study of the Ground-Level Ozone and Its Precursors Over Kolkata, India, During the Summer Monsoon. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, TRANSACTIONS A: SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-020-01007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Varotsos C, Efstathiou M, Christodoulakis J. The lesson learned from the unprecedented ozone hole in the Arctic in 2020; A novel nowcasting tool for such extreme events. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2020; 207:105330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF, Mkrtchyan FA, Gevorkyan SA, Cui T. A Novel Approach to Monitoring the Quality of Lakes Water by Optical and Modeling Tools: Lake Sevan as a Case Study. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2020; 231:435. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-020-04792-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants and environmental indicators are often used to reconstruct historic atmospheric pollution from peat, as it accumulates over time by decomposing plant material, thus recording a history of air pollution. In the present study, three key parameters related to the peat bogs’ surface wetness dynamics in European Russia during the Holocene were investigated using modern statistical analysis. These parameters are: (i) the water table depth (WTD) in relation to the surface, which is reconstructed based on the community structure of the subfossil testate amoeba assemblages; (ii) the peat humification estimated as absorption of alkaline extract that directly reflects moisture at which the peat was formed; (iii) the Climate Moisture Index (CMI) and the Aridity Index derived from pollen-based reconstructions of the mean annual temperature and precipitation and classifying moisture conditions as the ratio between available annual precipitation and potential land surface evapotranspiration. All these parameters provide useful information about the paleoclimate (atmospheric moisture component) dynamics. High values of WTD and peat humification appear to comply with Gutenberg–Richter law. It is noteworthy that this law also seems to reproduce the high values of the modeled climate moisture and aridity indices. The validity of this new result is checked by replacing “conventional time” with “natural time”. On this basis, a new nowcasting tool is developed to more accurately estimate the average waiting time for the extreme values of these climate parameters. This will help to understand climate variability better to address emerging development needs and priorities by implementing empirical studies of the interactions between climatic effects, mitigation, adaptation, and sustainable growth.
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Varotsos C, Mazei Y, Efstathiou M. Paleoecological and recent data show a steady temporal evolution of carbon dioxide and temperature. ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 11:714-722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apr.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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A New Passive Microwave Tool for Operational Forest Fires Detection: A Case Study of Siberia in 2019. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12050835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to present a new method for early detection of forest fires, especially in forest zones prone to fires using microwave remote sensing and information-modeling tools. A decision-making system is developed as a tool for operational coupled analysis of modeling results and remote sensing data. The main operating structure of this system has blocks that calculate the moisture of forest canopy, the soil-litter layer, and the forest physical temperature using the observed brightness temperature provided by the flying platform IL-18 equipped with passive microwave radiometers of 1.43, 13.3 and 37.5 GHz frequencies. The hydrological parameters of the forest are assessed with both a developed regional hydrological model and remote sensing observations. The hydrological model allows for the detection of fire-prone zones that are subject to remote sensing when modeling results are corrected and thermal temperatures are evaluated. An approach for the real time forest fires classification via daytime remote sensing observations is proposed. The relative theoretical and experimental results presented here have allowed us to use a new approach to forests monitoring during periods of potential fire. A decision-making algorithm is presented that aims at analyzing data flows from radiometers located on the remote sensing platform to calculate the probability of forest fire occurring in geographical pixels. As case study, the state of forest fires that occurred in Siberia in 2019 using microwave remote sensing measurements conducted by a flying IL-18 laboratory is presented. This remote sensing platform is equipped with optical and microwave tools that allow the optical and microwave images of the observed forest areas. The main operating frequencies of microwave radiometers are 1.43, 13.3 and 37.5 GHz. Microwave radiometers provide data on water content in the forest canopy and on litter and physical temperatures. Based on the long-term measurements made in Siberia, the possible improvement of the proposed decision-making system for future relevant studies is discussed in detail. The basic idea of cost-effective monitoring of forested areas consists of a two-stage exploration of fire risk zones. The first monitoring stage is performed using the hydrological model of the study area to identify low moisture areas of the forest canopy and litter. The second stage of monitoring is conducted using the remote sensing platform only in the local fire-dangerous areas in order to more precisely identify the areas prone to fire and to detect and diagnose real burning zones. The developed algorithm allows the calculation of physical temperatures and the detection of temperature anomalies based on measured brightness temperatures. Finally, the spatial distribution of the probability of forest fire occurrence is given as an example of the decision-making system along with a comparison of this distribution with the satellite images provided by the EOSDIS Land data.
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Varotsos CA, Mazei YA. Future Temperature Extremes Will Be More Harmful: A New Critical Factor for Improved Forecasts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16204015. [PMID: 31635142 PMCID: PMC6843981 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that extreme weather events such as frequent and intense cold spells and heat waves cause unprecedented deaths and diseases in both developed and developing countries. Thus, they require extensive and immediate research to limit the risks involved. Average temperatures in Europe in June-July 2019 were the hottest ever measured and attributed to climate change. The problem, however, of a thorough study of natural climate change is the lack of experimental data from the long past, where anthropogenic activity was then very limited. Today, this problem can be successfully resolved using, inter alia, biological indicators that have provided reliable environmental information for thousands of years in the past. The present study used high-resolution quantitative reconstruction data derived from biological records of Lake Silvaplana sediments covering the period 1181-1945. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a slight temperature change in the past could trigger current or future intense temperature change or changes. Modern analytical tools were used for this purpose, which eventually showed that temperature fluctuations were persistent. That is, they exhibit long memory with scaling behavior, which means that an increase (decrease) in temperature in the past was always followed by another increase (decrease) in the future with multiple amplitudes. Therefore, the increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme temperature events due to climate change will be more pronounced than expected. This will affect human well-being and mortality more than that estimated in today's modeling scenarios. The scaling property detected here can be used for more accurate monthly to decadal forecasting of extreme temperature events. Thus, it is possible to develop improved early warning systems that will reduce the public health risk at local, national, and international levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas A Varotsos
- Climate Research Group, Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, 15784 Athens, Greece.
- Department of General Ecology and Hydrobiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 199991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yuri A Mazei
- Department of General Ecology and Hydrobiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory, 1, 199991 Moscow, Russia.
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF, Mkrtchyan FA. New Optical Tools for Water Quality Diagnostics. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2019; 230:177. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-019-4228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Christodoulakis J, Varotsos C, Mavromichalaki H, Efstathiou M, Gerontidou M. On the link between atmospheric cloud parameters and cosmic rays. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2019; 189:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2019.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF. Modeling the state of marine ecosystems: A case study of the Okhotsk Sea. JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS 2019; 194:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF, Soldatov VY. Monitoring and forecasting of tropical cyclones: A new information-modeling tool to reduce the risk. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION 2019; 36:101088. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos C, Efstathiou M, Christodoulakis J. Abrupt changes in global tropospheric temperature. ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH 2019; 217:114-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Ghosh S, Arvind DG, Dobbie S. Evaluation of microclimates and assessment of thermal comfort of Panthera leo in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2019; 63:269-279. [PMID: 30680620 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-018-01660-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying comfort levels of lions within the Masai Mara National Reserve in Kenya is the main focus of this study. Its discourse delineates step by step the process of quantifying comfort levels of lions within the Mara. Resource-efficient measures for humans in the built environment have long been developed through the creation of passive zones and modulated ventilation. In an analogous manner, new procedures are being adapted for creating optimized microclimates in natural game reserves. This involves CFD (computational fluid dynamics)-inspired landscaping. It is seen that the predicted mean vote (PMV) values-measures of thermal comfort-exceed the expected comfortable ranges suitable for normal functioning of lions in the reserve. This calls for a detailed exploration on sustainable development of this sanctuary. The paper illustrates how modern tools in computational fluid dynamics can be used along with standard ecological models to ascertain the optimal extent of airflow, levels of hydration, and land use pattern changes affecting the prevailing microclimate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajit Ghosh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore, India.
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Dhruv Gangadharan Arvind
- School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven Dobbie
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF, Chukhlantsev AA. Microwave polarization characteristics of snow at 6.9 and 18.7 GHz: Estimating the water content of the snow layers. JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY AND RADIATIVE TRANSFER 2019; 225:219-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos C, Efstathiou M. Has global warming already arrived? JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2019; 182:31-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF. Pollution of Arctic Waters Has Reached a Critical Point: an Innovative Approach to This Problem. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2018; 229:343. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-4004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos P, Efstathiou M, Varotsos C. Anomalous mesospheric ozone variability is not a precursor to earthquakes: A case study in Greece. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2018; 179:181-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Cracknell AP, Efstathiou MN. The global signature of the El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 2018; 39:5965-5977. [DOI: 10.1080/01431161.2018.1465617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Costas A Varotsos
- Climate Research Group, Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, Athens, Greece
| | - Arthur P. Cracknell
- Division of Electronic Engineering and Physics, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Maria N. Efstathiou
- Climate Research Group, Division of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus Bldg. Phys. V, Athens, Greece
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Mkrtchyan FA, Varotsos CA. A New Monitoring System for the Surface Marine Anomalies. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2018; 229:273. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-3938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Sarlis NV, Efstathiou M. On the association between the recent episode of the quasi-biennial oscillation and the strong El Niño event. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY 2018; 133:569-577. [DOI: 10.1007/s00704-017-2191-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Krapivin VF, Varotsos CA, Marechek SV. The Dependence of the Soil Microwave Attenuation on Frequency and Water Content in Different Types of Vegetation: an Empirical Model. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2018; 229:110. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-3773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos C, Efstathiou M. Τhe observational and empirical thermospheric CO2 and NO power do not exhibit power-law behavior; an indication of their reliability. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2018; 168:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Krapivin VF. A new big data approach based on geoecological information-modeling system. BIG EARTH DATA 2017; 1:47-63. [DOI: 10.1080/20964471.2017.1397405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Costas A. Varotsos
- Department of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vladimir F. Krapivin
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Krapivin VF, Varotsos CA. Nature-society system survivability model: Simulations of the principal natural and anthropogenic processes. ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 24:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Krapivin VF, Varotsos CA, Nghia BQ. A Modeling System for Monitoring Water Quality in Lagoons. WATER, AIR, & SOIL POLLUTION 2017; 228:397. [DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Krapivin VF, Varotsos CA, Soldatov VY. The Earth's Population Can Reach 14 Billion in the 23rd Century without Significant Adverse Effects on Survivability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14080885. [PMID: 28783136 PMCID: PMC5580589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14080885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results obtained from the study of the sustainable state between nature and human society on a global scale, focusing on the most critical interactions between the natural and anthropogenic processes. Apart from the conventional global models, the basic tool employed herein is the newly proposed complex model entitled “nature-society system (NSS) model”, through which a reliable modeling of the processes taking place in the global climate-nature-society system (CNSS) is achieved. This universal tool is mainly based on the information technology that allows the adaptive conformance of the parametric and functional space of this model. The structure of this model includes the global biogeochemical cycles, the hydrological cycle, the demographic processes and a simple climate model. In this model, the survivability indicator is used as a criterion for the survival of humanity, which defines a trend in the dynamics of the total biomass of the biosphere, taking into account the trends of the biocomplexity dynamics of the land and hydrosphere ecosystems. It should be stressed that there are no other complex global models comparable to those of the CNSS model developed here. The potential of this global model is demonstrated through specific examples in which the classification of the terrestrial ecosystem is accomplished by separating 30 soil-plant formations for geographic pixels 4° × 5°. In addition, humanity is considered to be represented by three groups of economic development status (high, transition, developing) and the World Ocean is parameterized by three latitude zones (low, middle, high). The modelling results obtained show the dynamics of the CNSS at the beginning of the 23rd century, according to which the world population can reach the level of 14 billion without the occurrence of major negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir F Krapivin
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation.
| | - Costas A Varotsos
- Department of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Faculty of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 157 72, Greece.
| | - Vladimir Yu Soldatov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125009, Russian Federation.
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Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN, Cracknell AP. On the association of aerosol optical depth and total ozone fluctuations with recent earthquakes in Greece. ACTA GEOPHYSICA 2017; 65:659-665. [DOI: 10.1007/s11600-017-0051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN, Cracknell AP. On the temporal evolution of the tropical stratospheric ozone. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2017; 157-158:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Christodoulakis J, Tzanis CG, Varotsos CA, Ferm M, Tidblad J. Impacts of air pollution and climate on materials in Athens, Greece. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2017; 17:439-448. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-439-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. For more than 10 years now the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece, has contributed to the UNECE (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) ICP Materials (International Co-operative Programme on Effects on Materials including Historic and Cultural Monuments) programme for monitoring the corrosion/soiling levels of different kinds of materials due to environmental air-quality parameters. In this paper we present the results obtained from the analysis of observational data that were collected in Athens during the period 2003–2012. According to these results, the corrosion/soiling of the particular exposed materials tends to decrease over the years, except for the case of copper. Based on this long experimental database that is applicable to the multi-pollutant situation in the Athens basin, we present dose–response functions (DRFs) considering that dose stands for the air pollutant concentration, response for the material mass loss (normally per annum) and function, the relationship derived by the best statistical fit to the data.
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Krapivin VF, Varotsos CA. Modelling the CO2 atmosphere-ocean flux in the upwelling zones using radiative transfer tools. JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SOLAR-TERRESTRIAL PHYSICS 2016; 150-151:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jastp.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN. Symmetric scaling properties in global surface air temperature anomalies. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY 2015; 121:767-773. [DOI: 10.1007/s00704-014-1274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Lovejoy S, Sarlis NV, Tzanis CG, Efstathiou MN. On the scaling of the solar incident flux. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2015; 15:7301-7306. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-15-7301-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. It was recently found that spectral solar incident flux (SIF) as a function of the ultraviolet wavelengths exhibits 1/f-type power-law correlations. In this study, an attempt was made to explore the residues of the SIF with respect to the Planck law over a wider range of wavelengths, from 115.5 to 629.5 nm. Using spectral, Haar and Detrended Fluctuation analyses, we show that over the range from 10–20 nm to the maximum lag (≈ 500 nm), the SIF residues have a scaling regime with fluctuation exponent H ≈ 0.37 but with high intermittency (C1 ≈ 0.16, multifractal index α≈ 1.7) and spectral exponent ≈ 1.46. Over the shorter wavelengths range we found on the contrary low intermittency (C1 ≈ 0) with spectral exponent ≈ 1 and H ≈ 0.
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Varotsos CA, Melnikova IN, Cracknell AP, Tzanis C, Vasilyev AV. New spectral functions of the near-ground albedo derived from aircraft diffraction spectrometer observations. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2014; 14:6953-6965. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-14-6953-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. The airborne spectral observations of the upward and downward irradiances are revisited to investigate the dependence of the near-ground albedo as a function of wavelength in the entire solar spectrum for different surfaces (sand, water, snow) and under different conditions (clear or cloudy sky). The radiative upward and downward fluxes were determined by a diffraction spectrometer flown on a research aircraft that was performing multiple flight paths near the ground. The results obtained show that the near-ground albedo does not generally increase with increasing wavelengths for all kinds of surfaces as is widely believed today. Particularly, in the case of water surfaces it was found that the albedo in the ultraviolet region is more or less independent of the wavelength on a long-term basis. Interestingly, in the visible and near-infrared spectra the water albedo obeys an almost constant power-law relationship with wavelength. In the case of sand surfaces it was found that the sand albedo is a quadratic function of wavelength, which becomes more accurate if the ultraviolet wavelengths are neglected. Finally, it was found that the spectral dependence of snow albedo behaves similarly to that of water, i.e. both decrease from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared wavelengths by 20–50%, despite the fact that their values differ by one order of magnitude (water albedo being lower). In addition, the snow albedo vs. ultraviolet wavelength is almost constant, while in the visible near-infrared spectrum the best simulation is achieved by a second-order polynomial, as in the case of sand, but with opposite slopes.
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Varotsos CA, Franzke CLE, Efstathiou MN, Degermendzhi AG. Evidence for two abrupt warming events of SST in the last century. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY 2014; 116:51-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00704-013-0935-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Melnikova I, Efstathiou MN, Tzanis C. On the 1/f noise in the UV solar spectral irradiance. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY 2013; 114:725-727. [DOI: 10.1007/s00704-013-0850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN. Is there any long-term memory effect in the tropical cyclones? THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY 2013; 114:643-650. [DOI: 10.1007/s00704-013-0875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN, Cracknell AP. Plausible reasons for the inconsistencies between the modeled and observed temperatures in the tropical troposphere. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 40:4906-4910. [DOI: 10.1002/grl.50646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Costas A. Varotsos
- Climate Research GroupDivision of Environmental Physics and MeteorologyFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Maria N. Efstathiou
- Climate Research GroupDivision of Environmental Physics and MeteorologyFaculty of PhysicsUniversity of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Arthur P. Cracknell
- Division of Electronic Engineering and PhysicsUniversity of Dundee Dundee UK
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Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN, Cracknell AP. On the scaling effect in global surface air temperature anomalies. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2013; 13:5243-5253. [DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-5243-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. The annual and the monthly mean values of the land-surface air temperature anomalies from 1880–2011, over both hemispheres, are used to investigate the existence of long-range correlations in their temporal evolution. The analytical tool employed is the detrended fluctuation analysis, which eliminates the noise of the non-stationarities that characterize the land-surface air temperature anomalies in both hemispheres. The reliability of the results obtained from this tool (e.g., power-law scaling) is investigated, especially for large scales, by using error bounds statistics, the autocorrelation function (e.g., rejection of its exponential decay) and the method of local slopes (e.g., their constancy in a sufficient range). The main finding is that deviations of one sign of the land-surface air temperature anomalies in both hemispheres are generally followed by deviations with the same sign at different time intervals. In other words, the land-surface air temperature anomalies exhibit persistent behaviour, i.e., deviations tend to keep the same sign. Taking into account our earlier study, according to which the land and sea surface temperature anomalies exhibit scaling behaviour in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, we conclude that the difference between the scaling exponents mainly stems from the sea surface temperature, which exhibits a stronger memory in the Southern than in the Northern Hemisphere. Moreover, the variability of the scaling exponents of the annual mean values of the land-surface air temperature anomalies versus latitude shows an increasing trend from the low latitudes to polar regions, starting from the classical random walk (white noise) over the tropics. There is a gradual increase of the scaling exponent from low to high latitudes (which is stronger over the Southern Hemisphere).
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Capparelli V, Vecchio A, Carbone V. Long-range persistence of temperature records induced by long-term climatic phenomena. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:046103. [PMID: 22181223 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.046103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of persistence in climatic systems has been investigated by analyzing 1167 surface temperature records, covering 110 years, in the whole United States. Due to the nonlinear and nonstationary character of temperature time series, the seasonal cycle suffers from both phase and amplitude modulations, which are not properly removed by the classical definition of the temperature anomaly. In order to properly filter out the seasonal component and the monotonic trends, we define the temperature anomaly in a different way by using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The essence of this method is to empirically identify the intrinsic oscillatory modes from the temperature records according to their characteristic time scale. The original signal is thus decomposed into a collection of a finite small number of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs), having its own time scale and representing oscillations experiencing amplitude and phase modulations, and a residue, describing the mean trend. The sum of all the IMF components as well as the residue reconstructs the original signal. Partial reconstruction can be achieved by selectively choosing IMFs in order to remove trivial trends and noise. The EMD description in terms of time-dependent amplitude and phase functions overcomes one of the major limitation of the Fourier analysis, namely, a correct description of nonlinearities and nonstationarities. By using the EMD definition of temperature anomalies we found persistence of fluctuations with a different degree according to the geographical location, on time scales in the range 3-15 years. The spatial distribution of the detrended fluctuation analysis exponent, used to quantify the degree of memory, indicates that the long-term persistence could be related to to the presence of climatic regions, which are more sensitive to climatic phenomena such as the El Niño southern oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Capparelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Ponte P. Bucci Cubo 31 C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
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