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Yu K, Song Y, Wang N, Yu X, Sun T, Yu H, Ruan Z, Qiu Y. Exposure of Danio rerio to environmental sulfamethoxazole may contribute to neurobehavioral abnormalities via gut microbiome disturbance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170546. [PMID: 38309340 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The neurotoxic effects and mechanisms of low-dose and long-term sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) exposure remain unknown. This study exposed zebrafish to environmental SMZ concentrations and observed behavioral outcomes. SMZ exposure increased hyperactivity and altered the transcript levels of 17 genes associated with neurological function. It impaired intestinal function by reducing the number of intestinal goblet cells and lipid content. Metabolomic results indicated that the contents of several lipids and amino acids in the gut were altered, which might affect the expression levels of neurological function-related genes. Metagenomic results demonstrated that SMZ exposure substantially altered the composition of the gut microbiome. Zebrafish receiving a transplanted fecal microbiome from the SMZ group were also found to exhibit abnormal behavior, suggesting that the gut microbiome is an important target for SMZ exposure-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities. Multi-omics correlation analysis revealed that gut micrometabolic function was related to differential gut metabolite levels, which may affect neurological function through the gut-brain-axis. Reduced abundance of Lefsonia and Microbacterium was strongly correlated with intestinal metabolic function and may be the key bacterial genera in neurobehavioral changes. This study confirms for the first time that SMZ-induced neurotoxicity in zebrafish is closely mediated by alterations in the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Yueqiang Song
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Nengzheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xiaogang Yu
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Tong Sun
- Institute of Metabolism & Integrative Biology (MIB), Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Huiju Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhengshang Ruan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Yushu Qiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xinhua Children's Hospital, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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An X, Di S, Wang X, Cao C, Wang D, Chen L, Wang Y. Combined toxicity of aflatoxin B1 and tebuconazole to the embryo development of zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 346:140612. [PMID: 37931711 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins and pesticides are pervasive elements within the natural ecosystem. Furthermore, many environmental samples frequently exhibit simultaneous contamination by multiple mycotoxins and pesticides. Nevertheless, a significant portion of previous investigations has solely reported the occurrence and toxicological effects of individual chemicals. Global regulations have yet to consider the collective impacts of mycotoxins and pesticides. In our present study, we undertook a comprehensive analysis of multi-level endpoints to elucidate the combined toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and tebuconazole (TCZ) on zebrafish (Danio rerio). Our findings indicated that AFB1 (with a 10-day LC50 value of 0.018 mg L-1) exhibits higher toxicity compared to TCZ (with a 10-day LC50 value of 2.1 mg L-1) toward D. rerio. The co-exposure of AFB1 and TCZ elicited synergistic acute responses in zebrafish. The levels of GST, CYP450, SOD, and Casp-9 exhibited significant variations upon exposure to AFB1, TCZ, and their combined mixture, in contrast to the control group. Additionally, eight genes, namely cat, cxcl-cic, il-1β, bax, apaf-1, trβ, ugtlab, and vtg1, displayed marked alterations when exposed to the chemical mixture as opposed to individual substances. Therefore, further exploration of the underlying mechanisms governing joint toxicity is imperative to establish a scientific basis for evaluating the risk associated with the combined effects of AFB1 and TCZ. Moreover, it is essential to thoroughly elucidate the organ system toxicity triggered by the co-occurrence of mycotoxins and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua An
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liezhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Li Z, Lu T, Li M, Mortimer M, Guo LH. Direct and gut microbiota-mediated toxicities of environmental antibiotics to fish and aquatic invertebrates. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138692. [PMID: 37059203 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of antibiotics in the environment has ecological impacts that have received less attention than the human health risks of antibiotics, although the effects could be far-reaching. This review discusses the effects of antibiotics on the health of fish and zooplankton, manifesting in direct or dysbiosis-mediated physiological impairment. Acute effects of antibiotics in these organism groups are usually induced at high concentrations (LC50 at ∼100-1000 mg/L) that are not commonly present in aquatic environments. However, when exposed to sub-lethal, environmentally relevant levels of antibiotics (ng/L-μg/L) disruption of physiological homeostasis, development, and fecundity can occur. Antibiotics at similar or lower concentrations can induce dysbiosis of gut microbiota which can affect the health of fish and invertebrates. We show that the data about molecular-level effects of antibiotics at low exposure concentrations are limited, hindering environmental risk assessment and species sensitivity analysis. Fish and crustaceans (Daphnia sp.) were the two groups of aquatic organisms used most often for antibiotic toxicity testing, including microbiota analysis. While low levels of antibiotics impact the composition and function of gut microbiota in aquatic organisms, the correlation and causality of these changes to host physiology are not straightforward. In some cases, negative or lack of correlation have occurred, and, unexpectedly, gut microbial diversity has been unaffected or increased upon exposure to environmental levels of antibiotics. Efforts to incorporate functional analyses of gut microbiota are beginning to provide valuable mechanistic information, but more data is needed for ecological risk assessment of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Tingyu Lu
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Minjie Li
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Monika Mortimer
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Liang-Hong Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China; College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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Xing P, Li X, Bai Y, Jiao Z. Cypermethrin and/or sulfamethoxazole exposure effect on apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum of grass carp cardiomyocyte. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114594. [PMID: 36753969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the soar use range of pesticides and antibiotics in agricultural production, the pollution of surrounding runoff has become more severe; thus, the health and safety of non-target species such as fish are at risk. Excessive amounts of cypermethrin (CMN, 0.651 mg/l) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ, 0.3 mg/l) are known to trigger oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress, resulting in toxic effects on cells. The damage degree of poisons on grass carp and the effect of the corresponding axis pathway PERK/eif2α/CHOP are still unknown. Therefore, our study set up two single poison groups (CMN/SMZ) and a combined poison group (CMN&SMZ) to detect this pathway and related indicators. After detection, the content of MDA both in CMN and SMZ group myocardium tissue was increased, while the SOD, CAT activity and GSH levels were decreased. Apoptosis-related genes (Bax, PUMA, P53 and Caspase-3/9), inflammation-related genes (TNF-α, iNOS and IL-1β/6/8), ER stress pathway PERK/eif2α/CHOP and related genes (ATF6, IRE1a and GRP78) were all increased; in contrast, the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 was down-regulated. From the overall trend observation, the apoptosis proportion of cardiomyocytes in the combined poison group was higher than that of the single poison. In summary, this study shows that CMZ and SMZ can induce oxidative stress and subsequent ER stress in grass carp cardiomyocytes by regulating the PERK/eif2α/CHOP signaling axle, thereby inducing apoptosis, and followed by inflammatory responses. The combined effect of the CMZ and SMZ mixture was severer than that of a single poison (CMZ or SMZ), so it can be inferred that the damage degree of grass carp myocardium tissue would be aggravated with the appearance of CMZ or/and SMZ. The experimental results of this study have suggestions and warnings for the toxicological research of CMZ and SMZ and the management of industrial and ecological balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yiwei Bai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zhihui Jiao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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5
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Iftikhar N, Konig I, English C, Ivantsova E, Souders CL, Hashmi I, Martyniuk CJ. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) Alters Immune and Apoptotic Endpoints in Developing Zebrafish (Danio rerio). TOXICS 2023; 11:178. [PMID: 36851053 PMCID: PMC9959310 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a broad-range bacteriostatic antibiotic widely used in animal and fish farming and is also employed in human medicine. These antibiotics can ultimately end up in the aquatic ecosystem and affect non-target organisms such as fish. To discern the effect of SMX on developing zebrafish embryos and larvae, we investigated a broad range of sub-lethal toxicity endpoints. Higher concentrations of SMX affected survivability, caused hatch delay, and induced malformations including edema of the yolk sac, pericardial effusion, bent tail, and curved spine in developing embryos. Lower levels of SMX provoked an inflammatory response in larvae at seven days post fertilization (dpf), as noted by up-regulation of interferon (ifn-γ) and interleukin 1β (il-1β). SMX also increased the expression of genes related to apoptosis, including BCL2-Associated Agonist of Cell Death (bad) and BCL2 Associated X, Apoptosis Regulator (bax) at 50 µg/L and decreased caspase 3 (casp3) expression in a dose-dependent manner. SMX induced hyperactivity in larval fish at 500 and 2500 µg/L based upon the light/dark preference test. Collectively, this study revealed that exposure to SMX can disrupt the immune system by altering host defense mechanisms as well as transcripts related to apoptosis. These data improve understanding of antibiotic chemical toxicity in aquatic organisms and serves as a baseline for in-depth environmental risk assessment of SMX and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Iftikhar
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Isaac Konig
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37203-202, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cole English
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emma Ivantsova
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher L. Souders
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Imran Hashmi
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Sector H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Christopher J. Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- UF Genetics Institute and Interdisciplinary Program in Biomedical Sciences Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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de Souza TTC, Castro GB, Bernegossi AC, Felipe MC, Pinheiro FR, Colombo-Corbi V, Girolli DA, Gorni GR, Corbi JJ. Pristina longiseta reproduction test: chronic exposure to environmental contaminants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:23578-23588. [PMID: 36327072 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic worms are considered a suitable group to evaluate the effects of contaminants on the environment, although one of the main challenges is to use the species of local occurrence. Recently, Pristina longiseta was suggested to be used in acute bioassays. In this context, this study aimed to establish a chronic exposure for ecotoxicological bioassays using the cosmopolitan species of occurrence in Brazilian freshwater P. longiseta. Firstly, we tested three exposure times (4, 7, and 10 days) under the presence or absence of aeration for reproduction outputs. After determining the best configuration (7 days without aeration), we assessed the effects of the chronic exposures using the standardized reference substance potassium chloride (KCl), the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX), the flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and the sugarcane vinasse. Our results showed suitability for applying the chronic exposure using P. longiseta and indicated the sensitivity of the offspring to KCl (EC50-7d = 0.51 g/L). Sulfamethoxazole and TBBPA caused a significant decrease in the offspring of P. longiseta (EC50-7d = 59.9 µg/L and < 62.5 µg/L, respectively). Sugarcane vinasse showed high toxicity for the species, and 4.26% of vinasse was calculated as EC50-7d. Therefore, the described protocol was successfully applied as an ecotoxicological bioassay to evaluate the effects of environmental contaminants on the reproduction rate of the freshwater worm P. longiseta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tallyson Tavares Cunha de Souza
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Gleyson Borges Castro
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Aline Christine Bernegossi
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara Caroline Felipe
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues Pinheiro
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Juliano José Corbi
- Aquatic Ecology Laboratory, Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Duan W, Cui H, Jia X, Huang X. Occurrence and ecotoxicity of sulfonamides in the aquatic environment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153178. [PMID: 35051455 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rapid population growth and increasing demand for animal protein food have led to a continuous increase in global utilization of antibiotic. Sulfonamides (SAs) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and pose an ecological risk owing to their large consumption and strong environmental persistence. Hence, this review focuses on the recent publications on 12 different SAs and provides a detailed summary of selected antibiotic concentrations in various water systems. We evaluated the ecotoxicity of SAs on organisms at different trophic level organisms and the environmental risks regarding aquatic systems. The results indicated that SA antibiotics were ubiquitous in aquatic environments at concentrations ranging from ng/L to μg/L. According to the data using standard ecotoxicity bioassays, algae were the most susceptible aquatic organisms for selected antibiotics, followed by crustaceans and fish. The risk data suggested that some antibiotics, such as sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and sulfamethazine (SMZ) pose a great risk to the aquatic system. Based on the present review, it is necessary to strengthen the research into their ecotoxicity to marine systems and the chronic toxicity of antibiotic mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Duan
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Hongwu Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Ocean College of Hebei Agricultural University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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Mauro M, Lazzara V, Arizza V, Luparello C, Ferrantelli V, Cammilleri G, Inguglia L, Vazzana M. Human Drug Pollution in the Aquatic System: The Biochemical Responses of Danio rerio Adults. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101064. [PMID: 34681162 PMCID: PMC8533377 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The release of medicinal products for human use in the aquatic environment is now a serious problem, and can be fatal for the organisms that live there. Danio rerio is a freshwater fish that provides the possibility to study the effects of these pollutants on the health of aquatic organisms. The results of the various existing scientific studies are scarce and conflicting. Here, we review the scientific studies that have analyzed these effects, highlighting that the impacts of drugs are evident in the biochemical responses of these animals. Abstract To date, drug pollution in aquatic systems is an urgent issue, and Danio rerio is a model organism to study the toxicological effects of environmental pollutants. The scientific literature has analyzed the effect of human drug pollution on the biochemical responses in the tissues of D. rerio adults. However, the information is still scarce and conflicting, making it difficult to understand its real impact. The scientific studies are not consistent with each other and, until now, no one has grouped their results to create a baseline of knowledge of the possible impacts. In this review, the analysis of literature data highlights that the effects of drugs on adult zebrafishes depend on various factors, such as the tissue analyzed, the drug concentration and the sex of the individuals. Furthermore, the most influenced biochemical responses concern enzymes (e.g., antioxidants and hydrolase enzymes) and total protein and hormonal levels. Pinpointing the situation to date would improve the understanding of the chronic effects of human drug pollution, helping both to reduce it in the aquatic systems and then to draw up regulations to control this type of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Valentina Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Vincenzo Ferrantelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.F.)
| | - Gaetano Cammilleri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Luigi Inguglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (V.L.); (V.A.); (C.L.); (L.I.); (M.V.)
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9
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Khan IS, Ali S, Dar KB, Murtaza M, Ali MN, Ganie SA, Dar SA. Toxicological analysis of synthetic dye orange red on expression of NFκB-mediated inflammatory markers in Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2626-2636. [PMID: 34555984 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1979579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Orange red is a food and cosmetic coloring agent made by the amalgamation of two azo dyes carmoisine and sunset yellow.The current study demonstrates the effect of different concentrations of orange red on antioxidant status, inflammatory biomarkers (TNFα, IFNγ, IL1β, IL6, COX-2, iNOS, and NFκB/p65), biochemical enzymes, and liver histology. In totality, 25 male Wistar rats were procured and arbitrarily alienated into 5 different groups each with 5 animals. Group I was taken as the control. Groups II-V were designated as treatment groups. Groups II and III were administered with (5 and 25 mg/kg b.wt.) and groups IV and V with (150 and 300 mg/kg b.wt.) of orange red via oral gavage for 30 days. It was observed that both low and high concentrations of orange red (25, 150, and 300 mg/kg) remarkably augmented the levels of serum inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, IL1β, and IL6) and the protein and gene expression of COX-2, iNOS, and NFκB/p65. A significant decrease in glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, superoxidase dismutase, and catalase activity was observed with increasing concentration of orange red. Furthermore, an increase in the level of several vital biochemical parameters and damage severity to hepatic tissue was also found dose dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Shafi Khan
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Shafat Ali
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Khalid Bashir Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Mohd Murtaza
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Md Niamat Ali
- Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
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Jijie R, Mihalache G, Balmus IM, Strungaru SA, Baltag ES, Ciobica A, Nicoara M, Faggio C. Zebrafish as a Screening Model to Study the Single and Joint Effects of Antibiotics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060578. [PMID: 34204339 PMCID: PMC8234794 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics combined with the limitation of wastewater facilities has resulted in drug residue accumulation in the natural environment. Thus, in recent years, the presence of antibiotic residues in the environment has raised concerns over the potential harmful effects on ecosystems and human health. The in vivo studies represent an essential step to study the potential impact induced by pharmaceutical exposure. Due to the limitations of traditional vertebrate model systems, zebrafish (Danio rerio) has recently emerged as a promising animal model to study the toxic effects of drugs and their therapeutic efficacy. The present review summarizes the recent advances made on the toxicity of seven representative classes of antibiotics, namely aminoglycosides, β-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines and polyether antibiotics, in zebrafish, as well as the combined effects of antibiotic mixtures, to date. Despite a significant amount of the literature describing the impact of single antibiotic exposure, little information exists on the effects of antibiotic mixtures using zebrafish as an animal model. Most of the research papers on this topic have focused on antibiotic toxicity in zebrafish across different developmental stages rather than on their efficacy assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Jijie
- Marine Biological Station “Prof. dr. I. Borcea”, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Nicolae Titulescu Street, No. 163, 9007018 Agigea, Romania;
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (S.-A.S.)
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (C.F.)
| | - Gabriela Mihalache
- Integrated Center of Environmental Science Studies in the North Eastern Region (CERNESIM), “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Horticultural Technologies, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 700440 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (S.-A.S.)
| | - Stefan-Adrian Strungaru
- Department of Exact and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (I.-M.B.); (S.-A.S.)
| | - Emanuel Stefan Baltag
- Marine Biological Station “Prof. dr. I. Borcea”, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Nicolae Titulescu Street, No. 163, 9007018 Agigea, Romania;
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, B-dul Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (M.N.)
| | - Mircea Nicoara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, B-dul Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania; (A.C.); (M.N.)
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography-Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, B-dul Carol I, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno, d’Alcontres, 31 98166 S. Agata-Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.J.); (C.F.)
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