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Arumugam G, Alagar Yadav S. Synergistic inhibitory actions of resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and diallyl trisulfide against skin cancer cell line A431 through mitochondrial caspase dependent pathway: a combinational drug approach. Med Oncol 2024; 41:64. [PMID: 38280077 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The harmful effect of chemotherapeutic side effects has paid a way to discover a novel with curative way for skin cancer treatment. Skin cancer prevention is more viable with the use of combination of bioactive agents than using of single bioactive compounds. Present work was demonstrated to evaluate the interaction of Resveratrol (Res), Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) with each other as a binary combination on A431 cells. Nuclear fragmentation analysis of combination of bioactive agents using DAPI analysis, detection of apoptosis, analysis of cell cycle, ROS assay, antimigration assays, and western blotting were implemented to study the combination of bioactive compounds on A431 cell line. Among the selected combination EGCG + DATS had a synergetic effect reducing cellular migration, increased intercellular reactive oxygen species generation, condensation, cell phagocytosis induced by phosphatidylserine externalization, rise in sub-G1 DNA content, and S-phase were cell cycle arrest. The combinations EGCG + DATS induced apoptotic proteins in A431 cells by upregulation of proapoptotic Bax and Bad proteins, a downmodulation of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl2 and caspases (caspase-3, and -9) activity got triggered by intrinsic pathway. The combination of EGCG + DATS showed good anticancer potential against A431 skin cancer cell line via the mitochondrial caspase dependent pathway with very strong synergism. This finding will help to produce a novel combination/chemoprevention using dietary bioactive agents (EGCG + DATS) for the treatment of skin cancer after clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobika Arumugam
- Department of Biotechnology, FASCM, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India
| | - Sangilimuthu Alagar Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, FASCM, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641021, India.
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Kim HJ, Kim M. Diallyl disulfide alleviates hypercholesterolemia induced by a western diet by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:141. [PMID: 37138269 PMCID: PMC10155326 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03920-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a pivotal role in maintaining cellular metabolic homeostasis. ER stress refers to the accumulation of misfolded proteins, which can trigger an unfolded protein response for survival or death in the cells. Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a major active compound in garlic, has many health benefits for patients with metabolic diseases, especially cardiovascular or fatty liver diseases. However, its role in attenuating hypercholesterolemia by suppressing ER stress remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we determined whether DADS supplementation could reduce ER stress in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed a Western-type diet (WD). METHODS ApoE-/- mice were fed either a WD alone or a WD supplemented with 0.1% DADS for 12 weeks (n = 10). Levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, leptin, and insulin were determined. Western blotting was performed to measure protein levels involved in ER stress markers. Histology and Immunostaining were performed on aortic root sections to confirm the effect of DADS on histology and expression of ER chaperone protein GRP78. RESULTS The metabolic parameters showed that increases in fat weight, leptin resistance, and hypercholesterolemia were reversed in DADS-supplemented mice (p < 0.05). In addition, DADS ameliorated not only the protein of ER stress markers, phospho-eukaryotic initiation factor 2 subunit alpha and C/EBP homologous protein in the liver (p < 0.05) but also glucose-related protein 78 localization in the aorta. CONCLUSIONS This indicates that DADS inhibits diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, at least in parts by regulating ER stress markers. DADS may be a good candidate for treating individuals with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Kim
- Kimchi Functionality Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Nam-Gu, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mijeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
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3
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Natural and synthetic compounds for glioma treatment based on ROS-mediated strategy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175537. [PMID: 36871663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most frequent and most malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS),accounting for about 50% of all CNS tumor and approximately 80% of the malignant primary tumors in the CNS. Patients with glioma benefit from surgical resection, chemo- and radio-therapy. However these therapeutical strategies do not significantly improve the prognosis, nor increase survival rates owing to restricted drug contribution in the CNS and to the malignant characteristics of glioma. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important oxygen-containing molecules that regulate tumorigenesis and tumor progression. When ROS accumulates to cytotoxic levels, this can lead to anti-tumor effects. Multiple chemicals used as therapeutic strategies are based on this mechanism. They regulate intracellular ROS levels directly or indirectly, resulting in the inability of glioma cells to adapt to the damage induced by these substances. In the current review, we summarize the natural products, synthetic compounds and interdisciplinary techniques used for the treatment of glioma. Their possible molecular mechanisms are also presented. Some of them are also used as sensitizers: they modulate ROS levels to improve the outcomes of chemo- and radio-therapy. In addition, we summarize some new targets upstream or downstream of ROS to provide ideas for developing new anti-glioma therapies.
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Switzer CH, Guttzeit S, Eykyn TR, Eaton P. Cysteine trisulfide oxidizes protein thiols and induces electrophilic stress in human cells. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102155. [PMID: 34607161 PMCID: PMC8497997 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) signaling may be partially mediated by the formation of alkyl persulfides from thiols, such as glutathione and protein cysteine residues. Persulfides are potent nucleophiles and reductants and therefore potentially an important endogenous antioxidant or protein post-translational modification. To directly study the cellular effects of persulfides, cysteine trisulfide (Cys-S3) has been proposed as an in situ persulfide donor, as it reacts with cellular thiols to generate cysteine persulfide (Cys-S-S-). Numerous pathways sense and respond to electrophilic cellular stressors to inhibit cellular proliferation and induce apoptosis, however the effect of Cys-S3 on the cellular stress response has not been addressed. Here we show that Cys-S3 inhibited cellular metabolism and proliferation and rapidly induced cellular- and ER-stress mechanisms, which were coupled to widespread protein-thiol oxidation. Cys-S3 reacted with Na2S to generate cysteine persulfide, which protected human cell lines from ER-stress. However this method of producing cysteine persulfide contains excess sulfide, which interferes with the direct analysis of persulfide donation. We conclude that cysteine trisulfide is a thiol oxidant that induces cellular stress and decreased proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Switzer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Sebastian Guttzeit
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas R Eykyn
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Eaton
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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5
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Garlic constituents for cancer prevention and therapy: From phytochemistry to novel formulations. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:105837. [PMID: 34450316 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is one of the oldest plants cultivated for its dietary and medicinal values. This incredible plant is endowed with various pharmacological attributes, such as antimicrobial, antiarthritic, antithrombotic, antitumor, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities. Among the various beneficial pharmacological effects of garlic, the anticancer activity is presumably the most studied. The consumption of garlic provides strong protection against cancer risk. Taking into account the multi-targeted actions and absence of considerable toxicity, a few active metabolites of garlic are probably to play crucial roles in the killing of cancerous cells. Garlic contains several bioactive molecules with anticancer actions and these include diallyl trisulfide, allicin, diallyl disulfide, diallyl sulfide, and allyl mercaptan. The effects of various garlic-derived products, their phytoconstituents and nanoformulations have been evaluated against skin, prostate, ovarian, breast, gastric, colorectal, oral, liver, and pancreatic cancers. Garlic extract, its phytocompounds and their nanoformulations have been shown to inhibit the different stages of cancer, including initiation, promotion, and progression. Besides, these bioactive metabolites alter the peroxidation of lipid, activity of nitric oxide synthetase, nuclear factor-κB, epidermal growth factor receptor, and protein kinase C, cell cycle, and survival signaling. The current comprehensive review portrays the functions of garlic, its bioactive constituents and nanoformulations against several types of cancers and explores the possibility of developing these agents as anticancer pharmaceuticals.
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Lu X, Wang C, Zhao M, Wu J, Niu Z, Zhang X, Simal-Gandara J, Süntar I, Jafari SM, Qiao X, Tang X, Han Z, Xiao J, Ningyang L. Improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of garlic bioactive compounds via nanotechnology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8467-8496. [PMID: 34058922 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1929058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights main bioactive compounds and important biological functions especially anticancer effects of the garlic. In addition, we review current literature on the stability and bioavailability of garlic components. Finally, this review aims to provide a potential strategy for using nanotechnology to increase the stability and solubility of garlic components, providing guidelines for the qualities of garlic products to improve their absorption and prevent their early degradation, and extend their circulation time in the body. The application of nanotechnology to improve the bioavailability and targeting of garlic compounds are expected to provide a theoretical basis for the functional components of garlic to treat human health. We review the improvement of bioavailability and bioactivity of garlic bioactive compounds via nanotechnology, which could promisingly overcome the limitations of conventional garlic products, and would be used to prevent and treat cancer and other diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chaofan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhonglu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Ipek Süntar
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Xuguang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xiaozhen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhenlin Han
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense, Ourense, Spain.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Ningyang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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Shah S, Ma M, Ali A, Kaya M, Li XG, Wu G, Yang FL. Effects of diallyl trisulfide, an active substance from garlic essential oil, on structural chemistry of chitin in Sitotroga cerealella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 172:104765. [PMID: 33518052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The environmental pollution, evolution of resistance, and risks to human and aquatic animal health associated with pesticide application have attracted much attention globally. Herein, we tested the capacity of diallyl trisulfide (DAT) from garlic essential oil to control the destructive stored-product pest, Sitotroga cerealella. The effects of DAT on the total content of cuticular chitin and structure of adults S. cerealella were evaluated. This study was the first to investigate changes in chitin structure in adults due to exposure to DAT through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results of these analyses revealed that the cuticular chitin content of pests decreased after DAT treatment. DAT treatment also reduced thermal stability and crystallinity of chitin. These findings indicate that DAT is a potent biopesticide that is active against the moth, and establishes the basis for its use as an IPM and alternative to chitin synthesis inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakhawat Shah
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Min Ma
- Institute of Disinfection and Vector Control, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315010, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Murat Kaya
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of science and Letters, Aksary University, Aksary, Turkey
| | - Xue-Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Gang Wu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China
| | - Feng-Lian Yang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, PR China.
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8
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De Greef D, Barton EM, Sandberg EN, Croley CR, Pumarol J, Wong TL, Das N, Bishayee A. Anticancer potential of garlic and its bioactive constituents: A systematic and comprehensive review. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:219-264. [PMID: 33301861 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vegetables of the Allium genus, such as garlic (Allium sativum L.), onions, shallots, leaks, and chives, have been used for many years for food consumption and for medicinal purposes. Historical medical texts have indicated the therapeutic applications of garlic as an antitumor, laxative, diuretic, antibacterial and antifungal agent. Specifically, garlic's antitumor abilities have been traced back 3500 years as a chemotherapeutic agent used in Egypt. Other beneficial effects of garlic consumption include lowering blood pressure, blood cholesterol, sugar and lipids. The processing and aging of garlic result in the production of non-toxic organosulfur by-products. These sulfur-containing compounds, such as allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, alliin, S-allylcysteine, and S-allylmercaptocysteine, impact various stages of carcinogenesis. The anticancer mechanisms of action of these garlic-derived phytochemicals include altering mitochondrial permeability, inhibiting angiogenesis, enhancing antioxidative and proapoptotic properties, and regulating cell proliferation. All these effects of garlic's sulfur-compounds have been demonstrated in various human cancers. The intent of this literature research is to explore the potential of garlic-derived products and bioactive organosulfur compounds as cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. This investigation employs criteria for systematic review and critically analyzes published in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Concerns and limitations that have arisen in past studies regarding standards of measurement, bioavailability, and method of delivery are addressed. Overall, it is hoped that through this systematic and comprehensive review, future researchers can be acquainted with the updated data assembled on anticancer properties of garlic and its phytoconstituents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M Barton
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Elise N Sandberg
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | | | - Joshua Pumarol
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Tin Lok Wong
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
| | - Niranjan Das
- Department of Chemistry, Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar College, Belonia 799 155, Tripura, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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9
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Natural Products Targeting ER Stress, and the Functional Link to Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061905. [PMID: 32168739 PMCID: PMC7139827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle essential for intracellular homeostasis maintenance, controlling synthesis, the folding of secreted and membrane-bound proteins, and transport of Ca2+. During cellular stress, ER dysfunction leads to the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) due to accumulated misfolded proteins in the ER. This condition is referred as ER stress. Mitochondria and ER form a site of close contact (the mitochondria-associated membrane, MAM) which is a major platform exerting important physiological roles in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, lipid metabolism, mitochondrial fission, autophagosome formation, and apoptosis progression. Natural products have been receiving increasing attention for their ability to interfere with ER stress. Research works have focused on the capacity of these bioactive compounds to induce apoptosis by activating ER stress through the ER stress-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In this review we discuss the role of natural products in the signaling communication between ER and mitochondria, focusing on the effects induced by ER stress including Ca2+ permeability transition and UPR signaling (protein kinase R-like ER kinase/mitofusin 2).
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Sarnik J, Gajek A, Toma M, Pawelczyk J, Rykowski S, Olejniczak A, Sliwinski T, Bielski R, Witczak ZJ, Poplawski T. (1-4)-Thiodisaccharides as anticancer agents. Part 5. Evaluation of anticancer activity and investigation of mechanism of action. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 30:126904. [PMID: 31882294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
(1-4)-Thiodisaccharides, thiosugars with the 1-4-thio bridge, were recently shown to induce oxidative stress, as well as, apoptosis in cancer cells in the low micromolar range; however, the detailed mechanism of their anticancer action still remains unknown. In order to clarify the mechanism of (1-4)- thiodisaccharides action, we performed a series of tests including cytotoxic, clonogenic and apoptosis assays using an in vitro glioma cancer model with one ATCC cell line U87 and two novel glioma cell lines derived from cancer patients - H6PX and H7PX. We also evaluated the ability of (1-4)-thiodisaccharides to interfere with protein folding and synthesis processes, as well as, the thioredoxin system. (1-4)-thiodisaccharides induced glioma cell death, which were found to be accompanied with endoplasmic reticulum stress, inhibition of global protein synthesis, reduced overall cellular thiol level and thioredoxin reductase activity. We also performed a RT-PCR and Elisa analysis of (1-4)-thiodisaccharides-treated glioma cells to identify any changes within the pathway affected by (1-4)-thiodisaccharides. We observed a significant increase of expression in key markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress and pro-apoptotic protein, FASLG. We proposed that (1-4)-thiodisaccharides react with cellular thiols and disturb any cellular thiol-depended processes like thioredoxin system or protein folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sarnik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-115 Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Toma
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Pawelczyk
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Sebastian Rykowski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Roman Bielski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA
| | - Zbigniew J Witczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nesbitt School of Pharmacy, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA 18766, USA.
| | - Tomasz Poplawski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Iqbal J, Abbasi BA, Ahmad R, Batool R, Mahmood T, Ali B, Khalil AT, Kanwal S, Afzal Shah S, Alam MM, Bashir S, Badshah H, Munir A. Potential phytochemicals in the fight against skin cancer: Current landscape and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:1381-1393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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12
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Li ZR, Jiang Y, Hu JZ, Chen Y, Liu QZ. SOX2 knockdown inhibits the migration and invasion of basal cell carcinoma cells by targeting the SRPK1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:1617-1625. [PMID: 30675221 PMCID: PMC6341784 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of human skin cancer, which is driven by the aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling. Previous evidence indicated that sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is associated with the tumor metastasis. However, the expression and role of SOX2 in BCC remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to analyze the possible mechanism of SOX2 in the progression of BCC. The levels of SOX2 in BCC cells were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Transwell assays were also used to determine the migration and invasion of BCC cells. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used for analyzing the role of SOX2 knockdown in the serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1)-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway in BCC cells. The results demonstrated that SOX2 is overexpressed in BCC tissues and cells. In addition, SOX2 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of BCC cells, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress of BCC cells. It was also observed that SOX2 knockdown decreased SRPK1 expression, which further led to the downregulation of PI3K and AKT expression levels in BCC cells. Furthermore, SRPK1 transfection or PI3K/AKT pathway activation abolished the inhibitory effects of SOX2 knockdown on the migration, invasion and EMT progress of BCC cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that SOX2 may potentially serve as a target for BCC therapy by targeting the SRPK1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ran Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics Institute, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin 300211, P.R. China
| | - Quan-Zhong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Lee HH, Jeong JW, Hong SH, Park C, Kim BW, Choi YH. Diallyl Trisulfide Suppresses the Production of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammatory Mediators in BV2 Microglia by Decreasing the NF-κB Pathway Activity Associated With Toll-like Receptor 4 and CXCL12/CXCR4 Pathway Blockade. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:134-140. [PMID: 30370258 PMCID: PMC6197846 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.3.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a garlic-derived organosulfuric compound, has been documented for potential anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanism in microglia remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of DATS in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Methods The effects of DATS on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were assessed under conditions not in the cytotoxicity of DATS. The protein expression of inflammation regulatory genes was measured by Western blot analysis. Results DATS significantly inhibited the LPS-induced secretion of NO and PGE2, which was associated with the suppression of their regulatory genes, inducible NO synthase and COX-2. DATS had been shown to inhibit nuclear translocation of NF-κB by destroying the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB-α inhibitors in the cytoplasm. In addition, DATS effectively inhibited the expression of LPS-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88. Furthermore, DATS markedly reduced the LPS-induced expression of chemokine (CXC motif) ligand (CXCL) 12 and CXC receptor (CXCR) 4, demonstrating its capacity to block chemo-attractive activity. Conclusions These results indicate that DATS inhibits the activation of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis associated with antagonizing effect on TLR4 and blocks NF-κB signaling, thus demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects against LPS stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Hyeon Lee
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Bureau, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Byung Woo Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Blue Bio Industry RIC, Dong-Eui University, Busan, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea
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14
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Phytochemicals in Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19040941. [PMID: 29565284 PMCID: PMC5979545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest human organ, our protection against various environmental assaults and noxious agents. Accumulation of these stress events may lead to the formation of skin cancers, including both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Although modern targeted therapies have ameliorated the management of cutaneous malignancies, a safer, more affordable, and more effective strategy for chemoprevention and treatment is clearly needed for the improvement of skin cancer care. Phytochemicals are biologically active compounds derived from plants and herbal products. These agents appear to be beneficial in the battle against cancer as they exert anti-carcinogenic effects and are widely available, highly tolerated, and cost-effective. Evidence has indicated that the anti-carcinogenic properties of phytochemicals are due to their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects. In this review, we discuss the preventive potential, therapeutic effects, bioavailability, and structure–activity relationship of these selected phytochemicals for the management of skin cancers. The knowledge compiled here will provide clues for future investigations on novel oncostatic phytochemicals and additional anti-skin cancer mechanisms.
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15
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Wei G, Wang Y, Huang X, Yang G, Zhao J, Zhou S. Induction of mitochondrial apoptosis for cancer therapy via dual-targeted cascade-responsive multifunctional micelles. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:8137-8147. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02159g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A dual-targeted cascade-responsive multifunctional micelle is fabricated, which can carry the therapeutic agent into the mitochondrion to induce mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Jingya Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials
- Ministry of Education, and School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest Jiaotong University
- Chengdu
- P. R. China
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16
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Puccinelli MT, Stan SD. Dietary Bioactive Diallyl Trisulfide in Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081645. [PMID: 28788092 PMCID: PMC5578035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive dietary agents have been shown to regulate multiple cancer hallmark pathways. Epidemiologic studies have linked consumption of Allium vegetables, such as garlic and onions, to decreased incidence of cancer. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a bioactive compound derived from Allium vegetables, has been investigated as an anti-cancer and chemopreventive agent. Preclinical studies provide ample evidence that DATS regulates multiple cancer hallmark pathways including cell cycle, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. DATS has been shown to arrest cancer cells at multiple stages of the cell cycle with the G2/M arrest being the most widely reported. Additionally, increased pro-apoptotic capacity as a result of regulating intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway components has been widely reported following DATS treatment. Invasion, migration, and angiogenesis represent emerging targets of DATS and support its anti-cancer properties. This review summarizes DATS mechanisms of action as an anti-cancer and chemopreventive agent. These studies provide rationale for future investigation into its use as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Puccinelli
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Silvia D Stan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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17
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The Cytotoxicity of the Ajoene Analogue BisPMB in WHCO1 Oesophageal Cancer Cells Is Mediated by CHOP/GADD153. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060892. [PMID: 28555042 PMCID: PMC6152762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic is a food and medicinal plant that has been used in folk medicine since ancient times for its beneficial health effects, which include protection against cancer. Crushed garlic cloves contain an array of small sulfur-rich compounds such as ajoene. Ajoene is able to interfere with biological processes and is cytotoxic to cancer cells in the low micromolar range. BisPMB is a synthetic ajoene analogue that has been shown in our laboratory to have superior cytotoxicity to ajoene. In the current study we have performed a DNA microarray analysis of bisPMB-treated WHCO1 oesophageal cancer cells to identify pathways and processes that are affected by bisPMB. The most significantly enriched biological pathways as assessed by gene ontology, KEGG and ingenuity pathway analysis were those involving protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the unfolded protein response. In support of these pathways, bisPMB was found to inhibit global protein synthesis and lead to increased levels of ubiquitinated proteins. BisPMB also induced alternate splicing of the transcription factor XBP-1; increased the expression of the ER stress sensor GRP78 and induced expression of the ER stress marker CHOP/GADD153. CHOP expression was found to be central to the cytotoxicity of bisPMB as its silencing with siRNA rendered the cells resistant to bisPMB. The MAPK proteins, JNK and ERK1/2 were activated following bisPMB treatment. However JNK activation was not critical in the cytotoxicity of bisPMB, and ERK1/2 activation was found to play a pro-survival role. Overall the ajoene analogue bisPMB appears to induce cytotoxicity in WHCO1 cells by activating the unfolded protein response through CHOP/GADD153.
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18
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Kim H, Shin EA, Kim CG, Lee DY, Kim B, Baek NI, Kim SH. Obovatol Induces Apoptosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells via C/EBP Homologous Protein Activation. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1841-1847. [PMID: 27489231 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although obovatol, a phenolic compound from the bark of Magnolia obovata, was known to have antioxidant, neuroprotective, antiinflammatory, antithrombotic and antitumour effects, its underlying antitumour mechanism is poorly understood so far. Thus, in the present study, the antitumour molecular mechanism of obovatol was investigated in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). Obovatol exerted cytotoxicity in A549 and H460 NSCLCs, but not in BEAS-2B cells. Also, obovatol increased sub-G1 accumulation and early and late apoptotic portion in A549 and H460 NSCLCs. Consistently, obovatol cleaved PARP, activated caspase 9/3 and Bax and attenuated the expression of cyclin D1 in A549 and H460 NSCLCs. Interestingly, obovatol upregulated the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins such as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), IRE1α, ATF4 and p-elF2 in A549 and H460 NSCLCs. Conversely, depletion of CHOP blocked the apoptotic activity of obovatol to increase sub-G1 accumulation in A549 and H460 NSCLCs. Overall, our findings support scientific evidences that obovatol induces apoptosis via CHOP activation in A549 and H460 NSCLCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejeong Kim
- Department of East West Medical Science, Graduate School of East West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Chang Geun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong, 27709, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 131-701, Korea.
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19
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Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relations in Allylsulfide and Isothiocyanate Compounds From Garlic and Broccoli Against In Vitro Cancer Cell Growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63749-9.00001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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20
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Shigemi Z, Furukawa Y, Hosokawa K, Minami S, Matsuhiro J, Nakata S, Watanabe T, Kagawa H, Nakagawa K, Takeda H, Fujimuro M. Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis by suppressing NF-κB signaling through destabilization of TRAF6 in primary effusion lymphoma. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:293-304. [PMID: 26647777 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The allyl sulfides, including diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DAD), and diallyl trisulfide (DAT), contained in garlic and members of the Allium family, have a variety of pharmacological activities. Therefore, allyl sulfides have been evaluated as potential novel chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we found that DAT inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling and induced apoptosis in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a subtype of non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphoma caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). We examined the cytotoxic effects of DAS, DAD and DAT on PEL cells. DAT significantly reduced the viability of PEL cells compared with uninfected B-lymphoma cells, and induced the apoptosis of PEL cells by activating caspase-9. DAT induced stabilization of IκBα, and suppressed NF-κB transcriptional activity in PEL cells. We examined the mechanism underlying DAT-mediated IκBα stabilization. The results indicated that DAT stabilized IκBα by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IκBα by the IκB kinase (IKK) complex. Furthermore, DAT induced proteasomal degradation of TRAF6, and DAT suppressed IKKβ-phosphorylation through downregulation of TRAF6. It is known that activation of NF-κB is essential for survival of PEL cells. In fact, the NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 induced apoptosis in PEL cells. In addition, DAT suppressed the production of progeny virus from PEL cells. The administration of DAT suppressed the development of PEL cells and ascites in SCID mice xenografted with PEL cells. These findings provide evidence that DAT has antitumor activity against PEL cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting it to be a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of PEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenpei Shigemi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashinaku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Furukawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashinaku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kohei Hosokawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashinaku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Setsuya Minami
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashinaku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsuhiro
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashinaku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Shiori Nakata
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashinaku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watanabe
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashinaku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kagawa
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashinaku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Koji Nakagawa
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujimuro
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashinaku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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21
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Kaschula CH, Hunter R, Cotton J, Tuveri R, Ngarande E, Dzobo K, Schäfer G, Siyo V, Lang D, Kusza DA, Davies B, Katz AA, Parker MI. The garlic compound ajoene targets protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum of cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine H. Kaschula
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch, Cape Town South Africa
| | - Roger Hunter
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch, Cape Town South Africa
| | - Jonathan Cotton
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch, Cape Town South Africa
| | - Rossana Tuveri
- Department of Biomedical Science; University of Cagliari; Monserrato (CA) Italy
| | - Ellen Ngarande
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Kevin Dzobo
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
- MRC/UCT Receptor Biology Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Vuyolwethu Siyo
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Dirk Lang
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Physiology; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - Daniel A. Kusza
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch, Cape Town South Africa
| | - Bronwen Davies
- Department of Chemistry; University of Cape Town; Rondebosch, Cape Town South Africa
| | - Arieh A. Katz
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
- MRC/UCT Receptor Biology Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
| | - M. Iqbal Parker
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology; Cape Town South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
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22
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Pan H, Gu L, Sun S, Chen Z, Zhou H, Zeng S, Jiang H. Metabolism of Bis(4-fluorobenzyl)trisulfide and Its Formation of Hemoglobin Adduct in Rat Erythrocytes. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1082-93. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.048801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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23
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Wang HC, Pao J, Lin SY, Sheen LY. Molecular mechanisms of garlic-derived allyl sulfides in the inhibition of skin cancer progression. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2013; 1271:44-52. [PMID: 23050963 PMCID: PMC3499657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06743.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Skin cancer is a serious concern whose incidence is increasing at an alarming rate. Allyl sulfides—i.e., sulfur metabolites in garlic oil—have been demonstrated to have anticancer activity against several cancer types, although the mechanisms underlying these effects remain enigmatic. Our previous study showed that diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is more potent than mono- and disulfides against skin cancer. DATS inhibits cell growth of human melanoma A375 cells and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cells by increasing the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage and by inducing G2/M arrest, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, including the caspase-dependent and -independent pathways. This short review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of garlic-derived allyl sulfides on skin cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, ROC
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24
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Xu XH, Sun HY, Zhang YH, Wu W, Chen KH, Liu Y, Deng CY, Yu XY, Jin MW, Li GR. Allitridi inhibits multiple cardiac potassium channels expressed in HEK 293 cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51550. [PMID: 23272117 PMCID: PMC3522701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Allitridi (diallyl trisulfide) is an active compound (volatile oil) from garlic. The previous studies reported that allitridi had anti-arrhythmic effect. The potential ionic mechanisms are, however, not understood. The present study was designed to determine the effects of allitridi on cardiac potassium channels expressed in HEK 293 cells using a whole-cell patch voltage-clamp technique and mutagenesis. It was found that allitridi inhibited hKv4.3 channels (IC50 = 11.4 µM) by binding to the open channel, shifting availability potential to hyperpolarization, and accelerating closed-state inactivation of the channel. The hKv4.3 mutants T366A, T367A, V392A, and I395A showed a reduced response to allitridi with IC50s of 35.5 µM, 44.7 µM, 23.7 µM, and 42.4 µM. In addition, allitridi decreased hKv1.5, hERG, hKCNQ1/hKCNE1 channels stably expressed in HEK 293 cells with IC50s of 40.2 µM, 19.6 µM and 17.7 µM. However, it slightly inhibited hKir2.1 current (100 µM, inhibited by 9.8% at −120 mV). Our results demonstrate for the first time that allitridi preferably blocks hKv4.3 current by binding to the open channel at T366 and T367 of P-loop helix, and at V392 and I395 of S6 domain. It has a weak inhibition of hKv1.5, hERG, and hKCNQ1/hKCNE1 currents. These effects may account for its anti-arrhythmic effect observed in experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hai-Ying Sun
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan-Hui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui-Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Yu Deng
- Research Centre, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Research Centre, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man-Wen Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (GRL); (MWJ)
| | - Gui-Rong Li
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (GRL); (MWJ)
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25
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Raghu R, Liu CT, Tsai MH, Tang X, Kalari KR, Subramanian S, Sheen LY. Transcriptome analysis of garlic-induced hepatoprotection against alcoholic fatty liver. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11104-11119. [PMID: 23066854 DOI: 10.1021/jf303800p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fatty liver induced by alcohol abuse is a major worldwide health hazard leading to morbidity and mortality. Previous studies indicate antifatty liver properties of garlic. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms of garlic oil (GO) or diallyl disulfide (DADS) imparted hepatoprotection against alcohol induced fatty liver in C57BL/6 mice using microarray-based global gene expression analysis. Alcohol liquid diet resulted in severe fatty liver with increased levels of serum aspartate aminotransferease and alanine aminotransferease as well as triglycerides and decreased levels of liver glutathione and antioxidant enzymes. The major canonical pathways implicated by alcohol treatment are the metabolisms of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, glutathione, and arachidonic acid. Treatment with DADS or GO normalized the serum aminotransferease levels and liver antioxidant enzymes and reduced the contents of triglycerides and cholesterol. The canonical pathways involved in the amelioration of liver include arachidonic acid metabolism, altered T cell and B cell signaling, tryptophan metabolism, antigen presentation pathway for DADS, metabolism of xenobiotics, mitotic roles of Polo-like kinase, fatty acid metabolism, LPS/IL-1 mediated inhibition of RXR function, and C21-steroid hormone metabolism for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Raghu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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26
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Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells through ROS-mediated activation of JNK and AP-1. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1241-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Raghu R, Lu KH, Sheen LY. Recent Research Progress on Garlic ( dà suàn) as a Potential Anticarcinogenic Agent Against Major Digestive Cancers. J Tradit Complement Med 2012; 2:192-201. [PMID: 24716132 PMCID: PMC3942895 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic ( dà suàn; the bulb of Allium sativum), bestowed with an array of organosulfur compounds finds its application in treating many ailments including cardiovascular problems, common cold, bacterial and fungal infections and cancer. Numerous epidemiological evidences document the beneficial effects of various bioactive organosulfur compounds of garlic against different types of cancer. Studies involving the animal and cell models indicate garlic bioactive compounds could be effective in treating all the stages of cancer. This review gives an update on the recent pre-clinical and clinical trials, carried out to evaluate the efficacy of various garlic bioactive compounds along with the mechanism of action pertaining to major digestive cancers including liver, gastric and colorectal cancers. The major anti-carcinogenic mechanisms are caspase dependent and/or independent induction of apoptosis, anti-proliferative, anti-metastasis, anti-oxidant and immunomodulative properties. Form the clinical trials an increase in the garlic consumption of 20 g/day reduced the risk of gastric and colorectal cancer. In summary, increased uptake of garlic in diet may prevent the incidence of digestive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekaran Raghu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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