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Li Q, Zhang F, Wang Z, Feng Y, Han Y. Advances in the Preparation, Stability, Metabolism, and Physiological Roles of Anthocyanins: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3969. [PMID: 37959087 PMCID: PMC10647620 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are natural flavonoid polyphenolic compounds widely found in fruits and vegetables. They exhibit antioxidant properties and prophylactic effects in the immune and cardiovascular systems, confer protection against cancer, and contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, their incorporation into functional foods, pharmaceuticals, supplements, and cosmetic formulations aims at promoting human well-being. This review comprehensively outlined the structural attributes of anthocyanins, expanding upon diverse methodologies employed for their extraction and production. Additionally, the stability, metabolic pathways, and manifold physiological functions of anthocyanins were discussed. However, their constrained fat solubility, susceptibility to instability, and restricted bioavailability collectively curtail their applicability and therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, a multidimensional approach was imperative, necessitating the exploration of innovative pathways to surmount these limitations, thereby amplifying the utilitarian significance of anthocyanins and furnishing pivotal support for their continual advancement and broader application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fengzhen Zhang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yaoze Feng
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yahong Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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2
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Sun Q, Zhang T, Xiao Q, Mei B, Zhang X. Procyanidin B2 inhibits angiogenesis and cell growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells through the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:6500-6508. [PMID: 35220896 PMCID: PMC8973926 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2033013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the therapy role of procyanidin B2 (PB2) in inhibiting angiogenesis and cell growth in oral squamous cell carcinoma. After oral mucosa epithelial cell (OMEC) and human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line (SCC-25) were treated with PB2 or SCC-25 were treated with PB2 and rhVEGF, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the cell viability. The apoptosis, migration, invasion and angiogenesis of SCC-25 after indicated treatment were detected by Tunel, wound healing, transwell and tube formation assays. The protein expression related to apoptosis, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and changed expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling was analyzed by Western blot. As a result, PB2 inhibited viability, invasion, migration and EMT and promoted apoptosis of SCC-25 cells. In addition, PB2 inhibited VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling and tumor itangiogenesis in OSCC. As expected, activation of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling suppressed the effect of PB2 on growth and metastasis of OSCC cells. In conclusion, PB2 inhibited the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway to suppress the angiogenesis and cell growth of SCC-25 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hosital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Taiyang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hosital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingchun Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hosital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bingxin Mei
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hosital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Oral Surgery, Daqing Longnan Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
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3
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da Silva LC, Viganó J, de Souza Mesquita LM, Dias ALB, de Souza MC, Sanches VL, Chaves JO, Pizani RS, Contieri LS, Rostagno MA. Recent advances and trends in extraction techniques to recover polyphenols compounds from apple by-products. FOOD CHEMISTRY-X 2021; 12:100133. [PMID: 34632369 PMCID: PMC8493574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2021.100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Apple by-products are a source of phenolic compounds associated with bioactivities. Apple processing industries generate by-products that could be better used. This work provides an up-to-date literature overview on extraction techniques. Gaps and future trends related to apple by-products are critically presented.
Apple is one of the most consumed fruits worldwide and has recognized nutritional properties. Besides being consumed fresh, it is the raw material for several food products, whose production chain generates a considerable amount of by-products that currently have an underestimated use. These by-products are a rich source of chemical compounds with several potential applications. Therefore, new ambitious platforms focused on reusing are needed, targeting a process chain that achieves well-defined products and mitigates waste generation. This review covers an essential part of the apple by-products reuse chain. The apple composition regarding phenolic compounds subclasses is addressed and related to biological activities. The extraction processes to recover apple biocompounds have been revised, and an up-to-date overview of the scientific literature on conventional and emerging extraction techniques adopted over the past decade is reported. Finally, gaps and future trends related to the management of apple by-products are critically presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laise C da Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliane Viganó
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur L Baião Dias
- Laboratory of High Pressure in Food Engineering, School of Food Engineering (FEA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana C de Souza
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Sanches
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaisa O Chaves
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Pizani
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia S Contieri
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio A Rostagno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Pedro Zaccaria 1300, 13484-350 Limeira, SP, Brazil
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4
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Wu Y, Liu C, Niu Y, Xia J, Fan L, Wu Y, Gao W. Procyanidins mediates antineoplastic effects against non-small cell lung cancer via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:2023-2035. [PMID: 35116524 PMCID: PMC8797329 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with one of the highest rates of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) account for 85% of all lung cancers and have a poor prognosis. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are polyphenolic compounds that are found widely in natural plants. The present study aimed to determine the effects of PC on lung cancer and identify its possible mechanism. Methods A cell growth assay was used to detect the cell growth ability of A549 cancer cells, and a clonal formation assay was used to detect the cloning ability of A549 cancer cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of PCs on apoptosis and the cell cycle. The wound healing test, Transwell migration, and invasion test were used to detect the migration and invasion of human NSCLC A549 cells. Western blotting was utilized to detect the expression levels of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, vimentin, Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), STAT3, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, and the apoptosis-related proteins, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and BCL2-associated X (Bax). Cell immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression levels of the p-STAT3 primary antibody. Results PCs reduced the proliferation and cloning ability of A549 cells and significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, PCs induced apoptosis in A549 cells and G2/M cell cycle arrest. PCs increased the pro-apoptotic protein expression, Bax, and down-regulated the anti-apoptotic protein expression, Bcl-2. PCs also inhibited the epithelial-mesothermal transition (EMT) process of A549 cells. We also found that the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway inhibitor, AG490, cooperated with PCs to inhibit A549 cell invasion and migration. Our results demonstrated that PCs could mediate the antitumor effect of NSCLC via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Conclusions PCs can inhibit NSCLC A549 cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, clone formation, EMT, and induced apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. They work by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. As a novel antitumor drug, PCs have broad application prospects for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxu Niu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Xia
- Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liwen Fan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Clinical Geriatric Medicine, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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5
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An Q, Gong X, Le L, Zhu D, Xiang D, Geng F, Zhu H, Peng L, Zou L, Zhao G, Wan Y. Prospects for Proanthocyanidins from Grape Seed: Extraction Technologies and Diverse Bioactivity. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1906699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi An
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy Of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Peoples R, China
| | - Xuxiao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
| | - Liqing Le
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
| | - Dazhou Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy Of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Peoples R, China
| | - Dabing Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy Of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Peoples R, China
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Peoples R, China
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6
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Zeng YX, Wang S, Wei L, Cui YY, Chen YH. Proanthocyanidins: Components, Pharmacokinetics and Biomedical Properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:813-869. [PMID: 32536248 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a group of polyphenols enriched in plant and human food. In recent decades, epidemiological studies have upheld the direct relationship between PA consumption and health benefits; therefore, studies on PAs have become a research hotspot. Although the oral bioavailability of PAs is quite low, pharmacokinetics data revealed that some small molecules and colonic microbial metabolites of PAs could be absorbed and exert their health beneficial effects. The pharmacological effects of PAs mainly include anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and metabolism-regulation behaviors. Moreover, current toxicological studies show that PAs have no observable toxicity to humans. This review summarizes the resources, extraction, structures, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and toxicology of PAs and discusses the limitations of current studies. Areas for further research are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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7
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Xu K, Zhang M, Fang Z, Wang B. Degradation and regulation of edible flower pigments under thermal processing: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1038-1048. [PMID: 32301328 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1752142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
More and more consumers are aware of the potential health benefits of edible flower pigments. With the increased popularity and broader application of edible flower pigments, their degradation under thermal processing has attracted researchers' attention, because this may affect the pigment functionalities. At high temperature of thermal processing, polyene pigments are easy to oxidize, degrade and isomerize due to high unsaturation, and phenolic pigments may hydrolyze and isomerize of glycosides, which will result in the decreased antioxidant activity and eating quality, and discounted potential health benefits. Therefore, it is very important to understand the degradation mechanisms of edible flower pigments under thermal processing, which is important to develop corresponding control methods to minimize such negative impacts. This review paper discussed the recent development in the degradation mechanisms and regulation methods of edible flower pigments under thermal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bin Wang
- Shandong Huamei Biology Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Pingyin, Shandong, China
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8
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Arshad MS, Imran M, Ahmed A, Sohaib M, Ullah A, Nisa MU, Hina G, Khalid W, Rehana H. Tamarind: A diet-based strategy against lifestyle maladies. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:3378-3390. [PMID: 31762991 PMCID: PMC6848808 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The modern-day review article is an exquisite attempt to demonstrate the extreme therapeutic potential of tamarind fruit (Tamarindus indica), particularly its pulp, seed, and leaf extract, against lifestyle-related chronic disorders. The rapid transition in the diet patterns and also the varying lifestyle of the people has made its way forth, a momentous upsurge in a number of chronic as well as degenerative diseases. An excess of foods having functional and nutraceutical significance has come into view recently. These foods have emerged as effective therapeutical remedies against these disorders owing to their natural phytochemical constituents present in them, in abundance. Tamarindus indica serves as a proverbial herbal medicine in each and every part of the world that is known to mankind. Also, the tamarind kernel powder (TKP) is of immense commercial significance in some of the major, leading industries of the World. The derivation of an important gel-forming substance (polysaccharide), named as "jellose," from the decorticated seed kernels of tamarind fruit has led to the manufacture of pectin. It is used in industrial scale in the preparation of various products like jams, jellies, and most important in the preparation of cheese. It plays an evident role as a stabilizer of commercial significance, and it has also been greatly recommend by the scientists to be used as a potent ingredient in a range of pharmaceutical products. The leaves of tamarind plant are also used as part of the daily diet in several countries where they are readily consumed in fresh form and especially during drought season.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Diet and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of LahoreLahorePakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of Veterinary and animal SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Azmat Ullah
- Department of Food Science and Human NutritionUniversity of Veterinary and animal SciencesLahorePakistan
| | - Mehr un Nisa
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Gule Hina
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hafiza Rehana
- Institute of Home and Food SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
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9
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Dong Z, Wang J, Zhang H, Zhan T, Chen Y, Xu S. Identification of potential key genes in esophageal adenocarcinoma using bioinformatics. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:3291-3298. [PMID: 31616504 PMCID: PMC6781836 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the predominant pathological subtype of esophageal cancer in Europe and the USA. The present bioinformatics study analyzed a high-throughput sequencing dataset, GSE94869, to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in order to identify key genes, biological processes and pathways associated with EAC. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The co-expression network of the DEGs was established using Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis and visualized using Cytoscape. A Kaplan-Meier analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to identify prognosis-associated genes. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify genes with a prognostic value regarding relapse-free survival (RFS), while validation of the differential expression of prognosis-associated genes was performed using a box plot based on data from TCGA and another microarray dataset, GSE26886. A total of 130 DEGs, comprising 82 upregulated and 48 downregulated genes, were identified. The upregulated DEGs were significantly associated with extracellular matrix organization, disassembly, and the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT, Rap1 and Ras signaling pathways, while the downregulated genes were associated with the Wnt signalling pathway. Subsequently, two co-expression modules were established and 20 hub genes were identified. The blue module was associated with the Rap1 signaling pathway, while the turquoise module was associated with the Ras and Rap1 signaling pathways. Among them, methyltransferase like 7B (METTL7B) was associated with RFS. Furthermore, the overexpression of METTL7B in EAC was successfully validated using data from TCGA and GSE26886. The present study identified key genes and provides potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Shuchang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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10
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Nie Y, Stürzenbaum SR. Proanthocyanidins of Natural Origin: Molecular Mechanisms and Implications for Lipid Disorder and Aging-Associated Diseases. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:464-478. [PMID: 30926997 PMCID: PMC6520035 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are phytonutrients formed by oligomerization or polymerization of subunits catechin, epicatechin, and their gallic acid esters. Proanthocyanidins are a component of many plants and thus form an integral part of the human diet. Oligomeric proanthocyanidins are currently marketed as medicinal products that target vascular disorders and chronic pathological conditions, many of which are age-associated. Proanthocyanidins are also characterized by their effects on energy homeostasis. Not dissimilar to their chemically synthesized counterparts, naturally extracted proanthocyanidins act via inhibition of lipases, stimulation of energy expenditure, or suppression of appetite. Here we review the current knowledge-base and highlight challenges and future impacts regarding involvement of proanthocyanidins in global lipid metabolism, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms and pathological conditions that progress with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nie
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen R Stürzenbaum
- Department of Analytical, Environmental & Forensic Sciences, School of Population Health & Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Co-activation of WT1 and AP-1 proteins on WT1 gene promoter to induce WT1 gene expression in K562 cells. Cell Signal 2019; 53:339-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Lee Y. Cancer Chemopreventive Potential of Procyanidin. Toxicol Res 2015; 33:273-282. [PMID: 29071011 PMCID: PMC5654195 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2017.33.4.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention entails the use of synthetic agents or naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals to prevent cancer development and progression. One promising chemopreventive agent, procyanidin, is a naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits beneficial health effects including anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities. Currently, many preclinical reports suggest procyanidin as a promising lead compound for cancer prevention and treatment. As a potential anticancer agent, procyanidin has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cells in “in vitro and in vivo”. Procyanidin has numerous targets, many of which are components of intracellular signaling pathways, including proinflammatory mediators, regulators of cell survival and apoptosis, and angiogenic and metastatic mediators, and modulates a set of upstream kinases, transcription factors, and their regulators. Although remarkable progress characterizing the molecular mechanisms and targets underlying the anticancer properties of procyanidin has been made in the past decade, the chemopreventive targets or biomarkers of procyanidin action have not been completely elucidated. This review focuses on the apoptosis and tumor inhibitory effects of procyanidin with respect to its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkyu Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
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