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Dai YL, Jiang YF, Lee HG, Jeon YJ, Kang MC. Characterization and screening of anti-tumor activity of fucoidan from acid-processed hijiki (Hizikia fusiforme). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 139:170-180. [PMID: 31336117 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative effects of fucoidan from three regional hijiki (Hizikia fusiforme) samples (Zhejiang-China, Jeju-Korea [JH], and Wando-Korea) in East Asia. Hijiki was processed using 1% citric acid to decrease heavy metal content. The JH sample was separated using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose-ion exchange chromatography to obtain four active fractions (JHCF1-JHCF4) and their monosaccharide composition was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography. The structure of the crude polysaccharides and four fucoidan fractions was analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. JHCF4 showed the highest fucose and sulfate content and decreased Hep3B cell growth in 48 h with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 33.53 ± 2.50 μg/ml, which represented the strongest anticancer activity. Further, nuclear staining with Hoechst 33342 and acridine orange-ethidium bromide staining demonstrated that the anticancer activity of JHCF4 was mediated by apoptosis. Moreover, JHCF4 down-regulated B-cell lymphoma extra-large, while up-regulating Bcl-2-associated X protein, caspase-3, and apoptotic bodies to different degrees in Hep3B cells. JHCF4 induced apoptosis via the generation of reactive oxygen species along with the concurrent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating the potential role of the mitochondria-mediated pathway. Therefore, these results indicate that JHCF4 exhibited antiproliferative effects on the investigated cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Dai
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yun-Fei Jiang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province 63333, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research group of Food Processing, Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Mathivanan A, Ravikumar S, Selvakumar G. Bioprospecting of sponge and its symbionts: New tool for mosquitocidal & insecticidal metabolites. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bakunina I, Chadova O, Malyarenko O, Ermakova S. The Effect of Fucoidan from the Brown Alga Fucus evanescence on the Activity of α- N-Acetylgalactosaminidase of Human Colon Carcinoma Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E155. [PMID: 29748462 PMCID: PMC5983286 DOI: 10.3390/md16050155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.49) (alpha-NaGalase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactoside residues from non-reducing ends of various complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. It is known that human cancer cells express an alpha-NaGalase, which accumulates in the blood plasma of patients. The enzyme deglycosylates the Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) and inhibits macrophage activity acting as an immunosuppressor. The high specific activity 0.033 ± 0.002 μmol mg−1 min−1 of the enzyme was found in human colon carcinoma cells DLD-1. The alpha-NaGalase of DLD-1 cells was isolated and biochemical characterized. The enzyme exhibits maximum activity at pH 5.2 and temperature 55 °C. The Km is 2.15 mM, Vmax⁻0.021 μmol min−1 mL−1, kcat⁻1.55 min−1 and kcat/Km⁻0.72 min−1 mM−1 at 37 °C, pH 5.2. The effects of fucoidan from the brown alga Fucus evanescence on the activity of alpha-NaGalase in human colon carcinoma DLD-1 cells and on the biosynthesis of this enzyme were investigated. It was shown that fucoidan did not inhibit free alpha-NaGalase, however, it reduced the expression of the enzyme in the DLD-1 cells at IC50 73 ± 4 μg mL−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bakunina
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Oksana Chadova
- School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690091, Russia.
| | - Olesya Malyarenko
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Ermakova
- Laboratory of Enzyme Chemistry of G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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Thunyakitpisal P, Ruangpornvisuti V, Kengkwasing P, Chokboribal J, Sangvanich P. Acemannan increases NF-κB/DNA binding and IL-6/-8 expression by selectively binding Toll-like receptor-5 in human gingival fibroblasts. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 161:149-157. [PMID: 28189222 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Acemannan, an acetylated polymannose from Aloe vera, has immunomodulatory effects. We investigated whether acemannan induces IL-6 and -8 expression and NF-κB/DNA binding in human gingival fibroblasts. IL-6 and -8 expression levels were assessed via RT-PCR and ELISA. The NF-κB p50/p65-DNA binding was determined. The structures of acemannan mono-pentamers and Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) were simulated. The binding energies between acemannan and TLR5 were identified. We found that acemannan significantly stimulated IL-6/-8 expression at both the mRNA and protein level and significantly increased p50/DNA binding. Preincubation with an anti-TLR5 neutralizing antibody abolished acemannan-induced IL-6/-8 expression and p50/DNA binding, and co-incubation of acemannan with Bay11-7082, a specific NF- κB inhibitor, abolished IL-6/-8 expression. The computer modeling indicated that monomeric/dimeric single stranded acemannan molecules interacted with the TLR5 flagellin recognition sites with a high binding affinity. We conclude that acemannan induces IL-6/-8 expression, and p50/DNA binding in gingival fibroblasts, at least partly, via a TLR5/NF-κB-dependent signaling pathway. Furthermore, acemannan selectively binds with TLR5 ectodomain flagellin recognition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasutha Thunyakitpisal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Vithaya Ruangpornvisuti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pattrawadee Kengkwasing
- Dental Biomaterials Science Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Jaroenporn Chokboribal
- Research Unit of Herbal Medicine, Biomaterial and Material for Dental Treatment, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Material Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Polkit Sangvanich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ngcobo M, Gqaleni N. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of a South African commercial traditional immune booster in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:300. [PMID: 27550057 PMCID: PMC4994178 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the burden of HIV and AIDS still very high, South Africa has seen an increase in commercial traditional medicines claiming to have immune-enhancing effects. Because of lack of regulation of the traditional medicine sector, these products have proliferated. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of uMakhonya®, a commercial traditional immune booster, using various models of normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS Immunosuppressed, mitogen-, and peptidoglycan (PG)-stimulated PBMCs were treated with various doses of uMakhonya® and incubated for 24 h. The treated and control samples were analyzed for cytotoxicity, secretion of 12 different inflammatory cytokines, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels, and nitric oxide (NO) secretion. RESULTS In cytotoxicity assays, uMakhonya® induced dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in all three models, with IC50 values of 512.08, 500, and 487.91 μg/mL for immunosuppressed, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-, and PG from Staphylococcus. aureus (PG-S. aureus)-stimulated PBMCs, respectively. UMakhonya® at 100 and 10 μg/mL induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the secretion of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in cyclosporine-, immunosuppressed, and PHA-stimulated PBMCs. In the same samples, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) in sIL-2R concentration, which correlated with an increase in the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. In PBMCs stimulated with PG-S. aureus, uMakhonya® at doses of 100 and 10 μg/mL significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-1β and TNF-α. PG-S. aureus-stimulated PBMCs also showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in sIL-2R concentration when compared to control samples. UMakhonya® insignificantly (p > 0.05) decreased NO levels in PBMCs after PG-S. aureus stimulation. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that uMakhonya® can induce both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects depending on the initial stimuli applied to immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mlungisi Ngcobo
- Traditional Medicine Laboratory, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nceba Gqaleni
- Department of Public Management and Economics, Faculty of Management Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Ngcobo M, Gqaleni N, Ndlovu V. Antimutagenic and antioxidant effects of a South African traditional formulation used as an immune booster. S AFR J SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.17159/sajs.2016/20150152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The traditional medicines sector in South Africa is still largely unregulated despite legislation aimed at regulating the practice being in place. The HIV and AIDS epidemic has fuelled demand for traditional medicines, with many patients consulting traditional health practitioners who offer different treatments, including herbal immune boosters. This study investigated the mutagenic and antioxidant effects of the widely sold herbal immune booster, uMakhonya®. The Ames test was used for analysis of the genototoxic effects while the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay was used to evaluate cell cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and THP-1 monocytes. To evaluate the antioxidant effects the malondialdehyde (MDA) quantification, the nitric oxide and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assays were used. UMakhonya® doses of up to 5000 μg/mL were not genotoxic in the Ames test. UMakhonya® was shown to induce dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both PBMCs and THP-1 cells with doses ranging from 500 μg/ mL to 1000 μg/mL, showing significant (p less than 0.05) toxicity. UMakhonya® was able to significantly (p less than 0.05) reduce nitrite radicals at 100 μg/mL while lower doses were not effective when compared to samples stimulated by lipopolysaccharide only. Non-cytotoxic doses of uMakhonya® showed significant (p less than 0.05) lipid peroxide scavenging ability in supernatants while this scavenging ability was considerably reduced intracellularly. In the DPPH assay, when both uMakhonya® and ascorbic acid were reconstituted in buffered saline, the traditional herbal remedy showed better radical scavenging abilities. Therefore further studies on the genotoxicity of uMakhonya®, when metabolically activated, and its antioxidant effects in in-vivo models are warranted
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Gardeva E, Toshkova R, Minkova K, Gigova L. Cancer Protective Action of Polysaccharide, Derived from Red MicroalgaPorphyridium Cruentum—A Biological Background. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2009.10818540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Isolation and screening of bioactive principle from Chaetomorpha antennina against certain bacterial strains. Saudi Pharm J 2013; 21:119-21. [PMID: 23960826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial pathogens develop resistance to a particular antibiotic after repeated administration during the treatment of infectious diseases. Moreover, multiple drug resistance is a very common problem especially in hospital acquired infections. Therefore, it is necessary to find out alternative antibacterial drugs and the present trend is focused on seaweeds. This preliminary research work was carried out to find out the antibacterial activity of petroleum ether extract of Chaetomorpha antennina. The extracts were tested against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 121, Bacillus cereus MTCC 492, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 530, Escherichia coli MTCC 443 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 779 by agar well diffusion technique. It was observed that petroleum ether extract showed prominent zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus even at 50 μg/ml concentration. The maximum spectrum of activity was observed against Staphylococcus aureus ranged from 7.3 ± 0.8 to 18 ± 2.4 mm at the concentration 50 to 500 μg/ml, respectively. Hence the most susceptible bacterium was Staphylococcus aureus among the tested organisms. However, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are also susceptible. But the Bacillus cereus and Klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant against the tested extract.
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Park SY, Lee JM, Lee DG, Shin HS, Yang JE, Yi EJ, Park JH, Jeon YJ, Nam DE, Yi TH. Hijikia fusiforme protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats. J Med Food 2012; 15:384-90. [PMID: 22316296 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prophylactic effects of Hijikia fusiforme on bone metabolism were examined using in vitro indices of bone formation and resorption. As the indices of bone formation, osteoblast proliferation and differentiation were measured through mitochondrial enzyme activity [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay] and bone marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The aqueous extract of H. fusiforme stimulated the proliferation of the human osteoblast-like cell line MG63 and the ALP activity of the mouse osteoblast-like cell line MC3T3-E1. Moreover, extracellular matrix mineralization was accelerated by the addition of H. fusiforme. As the indices of bone resorption, differentiation of the murine macrophage/osteoclast precursor cell line RAW 264.7 by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) was measured as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells, which were suppressed by H. fusiforme. Additionally, H. fusiforme lowered the secreted amount of RANKL that is required for the osteoclastic differentiation and activation, but the amount of osteoprotegerin as a decoy receptor for RANKL was not affected. The bone-protective effects of H. fusiforme in estrogen-deficient ovariectomized rats were also investigated. Osteoporosis was induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats by ovariectomy for 15 weeks, and then H. fusiforme was orally administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight every day for 6 weeks. Bone mineral density in the group orally administered H. fusiforme was increased, compared with ovariectomized rats, but not significantly (P>.05). Oral administration of H. fusiforme improved microarchitecture of bone in terms of bone volume (bone volume/total volume ratio) and trabecular separation (P<.05). The amounts of osteocalcin and C-telopeptide type I collagen in serum were measured as the biomarkers for bone formation and resorption. The level of osteocalcin in serum was increased, but not significantly. However, the level of C-telopeptide type I collagen in serum was significantly decreased (P<.05). When the results are taken together, the present study indicates that H. fusiforme might be useful in the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
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Ravikumar S, Gnanadesigan M. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Properties of Rhizophora mucronata Mangrove Plant in CCl4 Intoxicated Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jecm.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mohamed S, Hashim SN, Rahman HA. Seaweeds: A sustainable functional food for complementary and alternative therapy. Trends Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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de Almeida CLF, Falcão HDS, Lima GRDM, Montenegro CDA, Lira NS, de Athayde-Filho PF, Rodrigues LC, de Souza MDFV, Barbosa-Filho JM, Batista LM. Bioactivities from marine algae of the genus Gracilaria. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:4550-73. [PMID: 21845096 PMCID: PMC3155369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12074550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are an important source of bioactive metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry in drug development. Many of these compounds are used to treat diseases like cancer, acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS), inflammation, pain, arthritis, as well as viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. This paper offers a survey of the literature for Gracilaria algae extracts with biological activity, and identifies avenues for future research. Nineteen species of this genus that were tested for antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antihypertensive, cytotoxic, spermicidal, embriotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities are cited from the 121 references consulted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Layse F. de Almeida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Heloina de S. Falcão
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Gedson R. de M. Lima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Camila de A. Montenegro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Narlize S. Lira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Petrônio F. de Athayde-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Luis C. Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Maria de Fátima V. de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - José M. Barbosa-Filho
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
| | - Leônia M. Batista
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.L.F.A.); (H.S.F.); (G.R.M.L.); (C.A.M.); (N.S.L.); (P.F.A.-F); (L.C.R.); (M.F.V.S.); (J.M.B.-F.)
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Sithranga Boopathy N, Kathiresan K. Anticancer drugs from marine flora: an overview. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2010:214186. [PMID: 21461373 PMCID: PMC3065217 DOI: 10.1155/2010/214186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Marine floras, such as bacteria, actinobacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, microalgae, seaweeds, mangroves, and other halophytes are extremely important oceanic resources, constituting over 90% of the oceanic biomass. They are taxonomically diverse, largely productive, biologically active, and chemically unique offering a great scope for discovery of new anticancer drugs. The marine floras are rich in medicinally potent chemicals predominantly belonging to polyphenols and sulphated polysaccharides. The chemicals have displayed an array of pharmacological properties especially antioxidant, immunostimulatory, and antitumour activities. The phytochemicals possibly activate macrophages, induce apoptosis, and prevent oxidative damage of DNA, thereby controlling carcinogenesis. In spite of vast resources enriched with chemicals, the marine floras are largely unexplored for anticancer lead compounds. Hence, this paper reviews the works so far conducted on this aspect with a view to provide a baseline information for promoting the marine flora-based anticancer research in the present context of increasing cancer incidence, deprived of the cheaper, safer, and potent medicines to challenge the dreadful human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Sithranga Boopathy
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K. Kathiresan
- Center of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai 608 502, Tamil Nadu, India
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Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Alga Mixtures (Hizikia fusiformis and Ecklonia cava) on Innate Immunity and Disease Resistance Against Edwardsiella tarda in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.5657/kfas.2009.42.6.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Lins KOAL, Bezerra DP, Alves APNN, Alencar NMN, Lima MW, Torres VM, Farias WRL, Pessoa C, de Moraes MO, Costa-Lotufo LV. Antitumor properties of a sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweedChampia feldmannii(Diaz-Pifferer). J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:20-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Kusaykin M, Bakunina I, Sova V, Ermakova S, Kuznetsova T, Besednova N, Zaporozhets T, Zvyagintseva T. Structure, biological activity, and enzymatic transformation of fucoidans from the brown seaweeds. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:904-15. [PMID: 18543244 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the study of fucoidans, biologically active sulfated alpha-L-fucans of diverse structures and synthesized exclusively by marine organisms, are overviewed. Their structure, biological activity, the products of their enzymatic degradation and the different enzymes of degradation and modification are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Kusaykin
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far-Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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Hayashi K, Nakano T, Hashimoto M, Kanekiyo K, Hayashi T. Defensive effects of a fucoidan from brown alga Undaria pinnatifida against herpes simplex virus infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 8:109-16. [PMID: 18068106 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from an edible brown alga Undaria pinnatifida, was previously shown to be a potent inhibitor of the in vitro replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). HSV-1 is a member of herpes viruses that cause infections ranging from trivial mucosal ulcers to life-threatening disorders in immunocompromised hosts. In the in vivo conditions, the replication of HSV-1 is controlled under the immunoresponse coordinated by both the innate and adaptive immune systems. In the present study, the effects of the fucoidan were examined on in vivo viral replication and the host's immune defense system. Oral administration of the fucoidan protected mice from infection with HSV-1 as judged from the survival rate and lesion scores. Phagocytic activity of macrophages and B cell blastogenesis in vitro were significantly stimulated by the fucoidan, while no significant change in the release of NO(2)(-) by macrophages was observed. In in vivo studies, oral administration of the fucoidan produced the augmentation of NK activity in HSV-1-infected mice immunosuppressed by 5-fluorouracil treatment. CTL activity in HSV-1-infected mice was also enhanced by oral administration of the fucoidan. The production of neutralizing antibodies in the mice inoculated with HSV-1 was significantly promoted during the oral administration of the fucoidan for 3 weeks. These results suggested that oral intake of the fucoidan might take the protective effects through direct inhibition of viral replication and stimulation of both innate and adaptive immune defense functions.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Fucose
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/prevention & control
- Herpes Simplex/virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/drug effects
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Polysaccharides/administration & dosage
- Polysaccharides/therapeutic use
- Sulfuric Acid Esters/administration & dosage
- Sulfuric Acid Esters/therapeutic use
- Undaria/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Hayashi
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Leiro JM, Castro R, Arranz JA, Lamas J. Immunomodulating activities of acidic sulphated polysaccharides obtained from the seaweed Ulva rigida C. Agardh. Int Immunopharmacol 2007; 7:879-88. [PMID: 17499190 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2006] [Revised: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble acidic polysaccharides from the cell walls of Ulva rigida are mainly composed of disaccharides that contain glucuronic acid and sulphated rhamnose. The structure of disaccharides resembles that of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) as they both contain glucuronic acid and sulphated sugars. Glycosaminoglycans occur in the extracellular matrix of animal connective tissues but can also be produced by leucocytes at inflammatory sites. Certain types of GAGs can even activate macrophages and therefore the acidic polysaccharides from U. rigida probably modulate macrophage activity. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of U. rigida polysaccharides on several RAW264.7 murine macrophage activities, including expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors, nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) production, and nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene expression. U. rigida acidic polysaccharides induced a more than two-fold increase in the expression of several chemokines (chemokine (C motif) ligand 1, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 14 (Cxcl14)) and in the expression of IL6 signal transducer and IL12 receptor beta 1. Incubation of macrophages with U. rigida polysaccharides also induced an increase in nitrite production, although this effect decreased considerably after desulphation of polysaccharides, suggesting that the sulphate group is important for the stimulatory capacity of these molecules. U. rigida polysaccharides also stimulated macrophage secretion of PGE(2) and induced an increase in COX-2 and NOS-2 expression. The results indicate that U. rigida acid polysaccharide can be used as an experimental immunostimulant for analysing inflammatory responses related to macrophage functions. In addition, these polysaccharides may also be of clinical interest for modifying certain macrophage activities in diseases where macrophage function is impaired or needs to be boosted.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Leiro
- Laboratorio de Parasitología, Instituto de Investigación y Análisis Alimentarios, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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19
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Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT. Botanical polysaccharides: macrophage immunomodulation and therapeutic potential. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 6:317-33. [PMID: 16428067 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 859] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Revised: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Botanical polysaccharides exhibit a number of beneficial therapeutic properties, and it is thought that the mechanisms involved in these effects are due to the modulation of innate immunity and, more specifically, macrophage function. In this review, we summarize our current state of understanding of the macrophage modulatory effects of botanical polysaccharides isolated from a wide array of different species of flora, including higher plants, mushrooms, lichens and algae. Overall, the primary effect of botanical polysaccharides is to enhance and/or activate macrophage immune responses, leading to immunomodulation, anti-tumor activity, wound-healing and other therapeutic effects. Furthermore, botanical and microbial polysaccharides bind to common surface receptors and induce similar immunomodulatory responses in macrophages, suggesting that evolutionarily conserved polysaccharide structural features are shared between these organisms. Thus, the evaluation of botanical polysaccharides provides a unique opportunity for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents and adjuvants that exhibit beneficial immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Veterinary Molecular Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Kolb N, Vallorani L, Stocchi V. Chemical composition and evaluation of protein quality by amino acid score method of edible brown marine algae arame (eisenia bicyclis) and hijiki (hijikia fusiforme). ACTA ALIMENTARIA 1999. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.28.1999.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Shan BE, Yoshida Y, Kuroda E, Yamashita U. Immunomodulating activity of seaweed extract on human lymphocytes in vitro. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1999; 21:59-70. [PMID: 10411282 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(98)00063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Effect of eight kinds of seaweed extract (SWE) on human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. The extracts of Hizikiafusiformis and Meristotheca papulosa (green) markedly stimulated human lymphocytes to proliferate, whereas Eucheuma muricatum and Meristotheca papulosa (red) weakly stimulated proliferation. The responder cells are T cells, because T cells purified by sheep red blood cell (SRBC) rosette-formation were significantly stimulated with SWE, but B cells were not. These extracts enhanced the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity, but failed to enhance natural killer (NK) cell activity. These extracts had a stimulatory effect on immunoglobulin (Ig) production by B cells and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by monocytes. The activity of Hizikia fusiformis associated with polysaccharides which were extracted with ethanol and purified by ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography, whose molecular weight was about 100 kDa. These results suggest that SWE has an immunomodulating activity on human lymphocytes and this ability might be useful for clinical application to treat several diseases such as tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Shan
- Department of Immunology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, Kitakyushu, Japan
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22
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Okai Y, Higashi-Okai K. Potent anti-inflammatory activity of pheophytin a derived from edible green alga, Enteromorpha prolifera (Sujiao-nori). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1997; 19:355-8. [PMID: 9467755 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(97)00070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a chlorophyll-related compound, pheophytin a, has been identified from an edible green alga, Enteromorpha prolifera (Sujiao-nori in Japanese) as a potent suppressive substance against genotoxin-induced umu C gene expression in a tester bacteria (Okai and Higashi-Okai, 1997, J. Sci. Food Agricul. 71, 531-535). In the present study, anti-inflammatory effects of pheophytin a from Enteromorpha prolifera have been analyzed using in vitro and in vivo experiments. 1. Pheophytin a suppressed the production of superoxide anion (O2-) in mouse macrophages induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) using the cytochrome C reduction method. 2. Pheophytin a caused a suppressive effect against formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, (FMLP)-induced chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in Boyden's chamber experiment. 3. Pheophytin a exhibited a significant suppression against TPA-induced inflammatory reaction such as edema formation in BALB/c mouse ear. These results suggest that pheophytin a from Enteromorpha prolifera has a potent anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Okai
- Department of Human Life Science, Osaka Kun-Ei Women's College, Osaka, Japan
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Liu JN, Yoshida Y, Wang MQ, Okai Y, Yamashita U. B cell stimulating activity of seaweed extracts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 1997; 19:135-42. [PMID: 9306152 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(97)00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The activity of seaweed extracts on murine and human lymphocytes was studied in vitro. The extracts of some kind of seaweed, such as Hizikia fusiformis and Meristotheca papulosa, stimulated normal mouse spleen cells to proliferate. The responder cells are B cells, because the response was depleted by the treatment of spleen cells with anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody and complement and being passed through a nylon wool column. This response is not due to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contamination, because seaweed extracts can stimulate spleen cells of C3H/HeJ mice which are LPS low responders. Seaweed extracts also enhanced Ig production by B cells and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production by macrophages. Furthermore, seaweed extracts stimulated human lymphocytes to proliferate. All these B cell stimulating activities of seaweed extracts associated with glycoproteins whose molecular weights resided in 100 kD. These results suggest that seaweed extracts have stimulating activity on B cells and macrophages and this ability could be clinically for the modulation of immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Liu
- Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Hiroshima University School of Medicine, Japan
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