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Buzzanca D, Kerkhof PJ, Alessandria V, Rantsiou K, Houf K. Arcobacteraceae comparative genome analysis demonstrates genome heterogeneity and reduction in species isolated from animals and associated with human illness. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17652. [PMID: 37449094 PMCID: PMC10336517 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arcobacteraceae family groups Gram-negative bacterial species previously included in the family Campylobacteraceae. These species of which some are considered foodborne pathogens, have been isolated from different environmental niches and hosts. They have been isolated from various types of foods, though predominantly from food of animal origin, as well as from stool of humans with enteritis. Their different abilities to survive in different hosts and environments suggest an evolutionary pressure with consequent variation in their genome content. Moreover, their different physiological and genomic characteristics led to the recent proposal to create new genera within this family, which is however criticized due to the lack of discriminatory features and biological and clinical relevance. Aims of the present study were to assess the Arcobacteraceae pangenome, and to characterize existing similarities and differences in 20 validly described species. For this, analysis has been conducted on the genomes of the corresponding type strains obtained by Illumina sequencing, applying several bioinformatic tools. Results of the present study do not support the proposed division into different genera and revealed the presence of pangenome partitions with numbers comparable to other Gram-negative bacteria genera, such as Campylobacter. Different gene class compositions in animal and human-associated species are present, including a higher percentage of virulence-related gene classes such as cell motility genes. The adaptation to environmental and/or host conditions of some species was identified by the presence of specific genes. Furthermore, a division into pathogenic and non-pathogenic species is suggested, which can support future research on food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Buzzanca
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Pieter-Jan Kerkhof
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Valentina Alessandria
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Kurt Houf
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Heidestraat 19, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Karel Lodewijk Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Bell RL, Kase JA, Harrison LM, Balan KV, Babu U, Chen Y, Macarisin D, Kwon HJ, Zheng J, Stevens EL, Meng J, Brown EW. The Persistence of Bacterial Pathogens in Surface Water and Its Impact on Global Food Safety. Pathogens 2021; 10:1391. [PMID: 34832547 PMCID: PMC8617848 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water is vital to agriculture. It is essential that the water used for the production of fresh produce commodities be safe. Microbial pathogens are able to survive for extended periods of time in water. It is critical to understand their biology and ecology in this ecosystem in order to develop better mitigation strategies for farmers who grow these food crops. In this review the prevalence, persistence and ecology of four major foodborne pathogens, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella, Campylobacter and closely related Arcobacter, and Listeria monocytogenes, in water are discussed. These pathogens have been linked to fresh produce outbreaks, some with devastating consequences, where, in a few cases, the contamination event has been traced to water used for crop production or post-harvest activities. In addition, antimicrobial resistance, methods improvements, including the role of genomics in aiding in the understanding of these pathogens, are discussed. Finally, global initiatives to improve our knowledge base of these pathogens around the world are touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Bell
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Julie A. Kase
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Lisa M. Harrison
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (L.M.H.); (K.V.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Kannan V. Balan
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (L.M.H.); (K.V.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Uma Babu
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA; (L.M.H.); (K.V.B.); (U.B.)
| | - Yi Chen
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Dumitru Macarisin
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Hee Jin Kwon
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Jie Zheng
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
| | - Eric L. Stevens
- Office of the Center Director, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA;
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Eric W. Brown
- Office of Regulatory Science, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; (J.A.K.); (Y.C.); (D.M.); (H.J.K.); (J.Z.); (E.W.B.)
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3
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Wei RX, Ye FJ, He F, Song Q, Xiong XP, Yang WL, Gang X, Hu JW, Hu B, Xu HY, Li L, Liu HH, Zeng XY, Chen L, Kang B, Han CC. Comparison of overfeeding effects on gut physiology and microbiota in two goose breeds. Poult Sci 2020; 100:100960. [PMID: 33652539 PMCID: PMC7936201 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
To have a better understanding of how the “gut–liver axis” mediates the lipid deposition in the liver, a comparison of overfeeding influence on intestine physiology and microbiota between Gang Goose and Tianfu Meat Goose was performed in this study. After force-feeding, compared with Gang Goose, Tianfu Meat Goose had better fat storage capacity in liver (397.94 vs. 166.54 for foie gras weight (g), P < 0.05; 6.37 vs. 2.92% for the ratio of liver to body, P < 0.05; 60.01 vs. 46.64% for fat content, P < 0.05) and the less subcutaneous adipose tissue weight (1240.96 g vs. 1440.46 g, P < 0.05). After force-feeding, the digestion–absorption capacity of Tianfu Meat Goose was higher than that of Gang Goose (5.56 vs. 3.64 and 4.63 vs. 3.68 for the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in duodenum and ileum, respectively, P < 0.05; 1394.96 vs. 782.59 and 1314.76 vs. 766.17 for the invertase activity (U/mg-prot), in duodenum and ileum, respectively, P < 0.05; 6038.36 vs. 3088.29 and 4645.29 vs. 3927.61 for the activity of maltase (U/mg-prot), in duodenum and ileum, respectively, P < 0.05). Force-feeding decreased the gene expression of Escherichia coli in the ileum of Tianfu Meat Goose; force-feeding increased the number of gut microbiota Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction band in Tianfu Meat Goose and decreased the number in Gang Goose. In conclusion, compared with Gang Goose, the lipid deposition in the liver and the intestine digestion–absorption capacity and stability were higher in Tianfu Meat Goose. Thereby, Tianfu Meat Goose is the better breed for foie gras production for prolonged force-feeding; Gang Goose possesses better fat storage capacity in subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, Gang Goose has lower gut stability responding to force-feeding, so Gang Goose is suited to force-feeding in a short time to gain the body weight and subcutaneous fat as an overfed duck for roast duck.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Wei
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - F J Ye
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - F He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - Q Song
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - X P Xiong
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - W L Yang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - X Gang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - J W Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - B Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - H Y Xu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - L Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - H H Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - X Y Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, P.R. China
| | - L Chen
- Xichang Huanong Poultry Co., Xichang, Sichuan 615000, P.R. China
| | - B Kang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China
| | - C C Han
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P.R. China.
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Igwaran A, Okoh AI. Molecular determination of genetic diversity among Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from milk, water, and meat samples using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). Infect Ecol Epidemiol 2020; 10:1830701. [PMID: 33133420 PMCID: PMC7580821 DOI: 10.1080/20008686.2020.1830701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of contaminated meat, milk, and water are among the major routes of human campylobacteriosis. This study aimed to determined the genetic diversity of C. coli and C. jejuni isolated from meat, milk, and water samples collected from different locations. From the 376 samples (meat = 248, cow milk = 72, and water = 56) collected, a total of 1238 presumptive Campylobacter isolates were recovered and the presence of the genus Campylobacter were detected in 402 isolates, and from which, 85 and 67 isolates were identified asC. jejuni and C. coli respectively. Of which, 71 isolates identified as C. coli (n = 35) and C. jejuni (n = 36) were randomly selected from meat, milk, and water samples and were genotyped using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). The digital images of the ERIC-PCR genotype were analyzed by GelJ v.2.0 software. The diversity and similarity of the isolates were assessed via an unweighted-pair group method using average linkages clustering algorithm. The results showed that the 36 C. jejuni strains separated into 29 ERIC-genotypes and 4 clusters while the 35 C. coli were delineated into 29 ERIC-genotypes and 6 clusters. The study revealed the genetic diversity among C. coli and C. jejuni strains recovered from different matrices characterized by Gelj.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboi Igwaran
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Anthony Ifeanyi Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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Marta C, Giovanni N, Angela M, Loredana C, Elisabetta B, Laura D, Anna M, Angela DP, Gianfranco S, Antonio P. Large genetic diversity of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from raw milk in Southern Italy. Food Microbiol 2019; 89:103403. [PMID: 32139002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Arcobacter butzleri is a zoonotic foodborne pathogen able to cause enteric and extraintestinal diseases. Its occurrence in foodstuff is well recognized worldwide but data on its presence in foods from Southern Italy are scarce. In this study the results on the occurrence and genotyping of Arcobacter spp. in bulk milk samples collected in Southern Italy are reported. Out of 484 samples, 64 (13.2%) resulted positive for the presence of Arcobacter spp. Using Real Time PCR but as few as 31.2% of these samples turned out as positive by using the cultural method, showing an overall prevalence of 4.1%. All isolates were identified as A. cryaerophilus using the biochemical identification whilst the sequencing of the atpA gene revealed that all the isolates were A. butzleri. Among the confirmed isolates, 16 different Sequence Types (ST) were identified using the Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), 14 (87.5%) of which were previously unreported. Our survey reveals the presence of A. butzleri in bulk tank milk from Southern Italy and highlights the discrepancy between the two approaches used both for the detection (i.e., real time PCR vs cultural method) and the identification (i.e., biochemical test vs aptA sequencing) of Arcobacter spp In addition, a large genetic diversity among the isolates was detected and this makes the identification of source of the infections very challenging in outbreaks investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caruso Marta
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Normanno Giovanni
- Department of Science of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Miccolupo Angela
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Capozzi Loredana
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Bonerba Elisabetta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, SP Casamassima, Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Difato Laura
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Mottola Anna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, SP Casamassima, Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Di Pinto Angela
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, SP Casamassima, Km 3, 70010, Valenzano, (BA), Italy
| | - Santagada Gianfranco
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Parisi Antonio
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Apulia and Basilicata, Foggia, Via Manfredonia 20, 71122, Foggia, Italy
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TP R, RS R, A K, TR A, GVPPS RK, K K, YS M, K D, RK S. PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF Arcobacter butzleri AND Arcobacter skirrowii ISOLATES AND THEIR DETECTION FROM CONTAMINATED VEGETABLES BY MULTIPLEX PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.18006/2018.6(2).307.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ramees TP, Dhama K, Karthik K, Rathore RS, Kumar A, Saminathan M, Tiwari R, Malik YS, Singh RK. Arcobacter: an emerging food-borne zoonotic pathogen, its public health concerns and advances in diagnosis and control - a comprehensive review. Vet Q 2017; 37:136-161. [PMID: 28438095 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2017.1323355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter has emerged as an important food-borne zoonotic pathogen, causing sometimes serious infections in humans and animals. Newer species of Arcobacter are being incessantly emerging (presently 25 species have been identified) with novel information on the evolutionary mechanisms and genetic diversity among different Arcobacter species. These have been reported from chickens, domestic animals (cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, dogs), reptiles (lizards, snakes and chelonians), meat (poultry, pork, goat, lamb, beef, rabbit), vegetables and from humans in different countries. Arcobacters are implicated as causative agents of diarrhea, mastitis and abortion in animals, while causing bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, gastroenteritis and diarrhea in humans. Three species including A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are predominantly associated with clinical conditions. Arcobacters are primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water sources. Identification of Arcobacter by biochemical tests is difficult and isolation remains the gold standard method. Current diagnostic advances have provided various molecular methods for efficient detection and differentiation of the Arcobacters at genus and species level. To overcome the emerging antibiotic resistance problem there is an essential need to explore the potential of novel and alternative therapies. Strengthening of the diagnostic aspects is also suggested as in most cases Arcobacters goes unnoticed and hence the exact epidemiological status remains uncertain. This review updates the current knowledge and many aspects of this important food-borne pathogen, namely etiology, evolution and emergence, genetic diversity, epidemiology, the disease in animals and humans, public health concerns, and advances in its diagnosis, prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thadiyam Puram Ramees
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Kumaragurubaran Karthik
- c Central University Laboratory , Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University , Chennai , India
| | - Ramswaroop Singh Rathore
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- a Division of Veterinary Public Health , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Mani Saminathan
- b Division of Pathology , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Ruchi Tiwari
- d Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Sciences , UP Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalay Evum Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) , Mathura , India
| | - Yashpal Singh Malik
- e Division of Biological Standardization , ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- f ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) , Bareilly , India
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ELMALI M, CAN HY. Occurence and antimicrobial resistance of Arcobacter species in food and slaughterhouse samples. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.19516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Soma Sekhar M, Srinivasa Rao T, Chinnam BK, Subramanyam KV, Metta M, Mohammad Sharif N. Genetic Diversity of Arcobacter Species of Animal and Human Origin in Andhra Pradesh, India. Indian J Microbiol 2017; 57:250-252. [PMID: 28611504 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-017-0649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter is an emerging foodborne pathogen having zoonotic significance. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) PCR and repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) analysis of a total of 41 Arcobacter isolates revealed a greater degree of genetic diversity. ERIC-PCR genotyping distinguished 14, 13 and 12 genotypes among 16, 13 and 12 isolates of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii, respectively. Rep-PCR genotyping distinguished 15, 12 and 11 genotypes among 16, 13 and 12 isolates of A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii, respectively. The discriminatory power for ERIC and rep-PCR was found to be 0.997 and 0.996, respectively. Close clustering between isolates of animal and human origin are indicative of probable zoonotic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Soma Sekhar
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Gannavaram, Krishna (District), Andhra Pradesh 521102 India
| | - T Srinivasa Rao
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Gannavaram, Krishna (District), Andhra Pradesh 521102 India
| | - B K Chinnam
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University, Gannavaram, Krishna (District), Andhra Pradesh 521102 India
| | - K V Subramanyam
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, 521102 India
| | - M Metta
- Department of AGB, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, 521102 India
| | - N Mohammad Sharif
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Tirupati, 517502 India
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