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An R, Ni Z, Xie E, Rey FE, Kendziorski C, Thibeault SL. Single-cell view into the role of microbiota shaping host immunity in the larynx. iScience 2024; 27:110156. [PMID: 38974468 PMCID: PMC11225822 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiota play a critical role in the development and training of host innate and adaptive immunity. We present the cellular landscape of the upper airway, specifically the larynx, by establishing a reference single-cell atlas, while dissecting the role of microbiota in cell development and function at single-cell resolution. We highlight the larynx's cellular heterogeneity with the identification of 16 cell types and 34 distinct subclusters. Our data demonstrate that commensal microbiota have extensive impact on the laryngeal immune system by regulating cell differentiation, increasing the expression of genes associated with host defense, and altering gene regulatory networks. We uncover macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, and multiple secretory epithelial cells, whose cell proportions and expressions vary with microbial exposure. These cell types play pivotal roles in maintaining laryngeal and upper airway health and provide specific guidance into understanding the mechanism of immune system regulation by microbiota in laryngeal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran An
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zijian Ni
- Department of Statistics, College of Letters and Sciences , UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elliott Xie
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Federico E. Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, School of Medicine and Public Health, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Susan L. Thibeault
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (SMPH), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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2
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Seyhan S, Bicer YO, Koybasi Sanal S, Astarci HM. Investigation of the Relationship Between Trefoil Factor Family Peptides and Sinonasal Inflammation. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1033-1040. [PMID: 37206788 PMCID: PMC10188685 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The trefoil factor family (TFF) is a relatively new family of peptides. In some studies, an association between trefoil factors and inflammatory diseases of the nasal and paranasal sinuses has been suggested. However, it is still not clear whether there is a relationship between trefoil peptides and inflammation of the respiratory tract. The aims of this study are to determine the presence of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 in the nasal mucosa and investigate their relationships with inflammation by using rat models of various sinonasal inflammations. Nasal tampon, lipopolysaccharide, and ovalbumin were used to generate rat models of sinonasal inflammation, i.e., rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis. The study was conducted on seventy rats in seven groups, each with ten rats: four groups with rhinosinusitis, two groups with allergic rhinitis, and a control group. Histological evaluation of sinonasal mucosa from all rats was performed, and Trefoil factors were investigated using immunohistochemical methods. All three TFF peptides were detected in rat nasal mucosa by histological evaluation. No significant differences in the trefoil factor scores were observed among the study groups. A significant correlation between the TFF1 and TFF3 scores and loss of cilia was identified (p < 0.05). In conclusion, no direct relationship between sinonasal inflammation and TFF scores was observed. However, a possible association between the TFF and epithelial damage or regeneration in sinonasal inflammation can be suggested based on the correlation observed between the TFF1 and TFF3 scores and scores of cilia loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Seyhan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Sabuncuoglu Serefeddin Training and Research Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Amasya University, Kirazlıdere Neighborhood Terminal Street No: 37, 05200 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozgur Bicer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Serap Koybasi Sanal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medicana International Izmir Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Rossi HL, Ortiz-Carpena JF, Tucker D, Vaughan AE, Mangalmurti NS, Cohen NA, Herbert DR. Trefoil Factor Family: A Troika for Lung Repair and Regeneration. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:252-259. [PMID: 34784491 PMCID: PMC8937240 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0373tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage in the upper and lower airways caused by mechanical abrasion, noxious chemicals, or pathogenic organisms must be followed by rapid restorative processes; otherwise, persistent immunopathology and disease may ensue. This review will discuss evidence for the important role served by trefoil factor (TFF) family members in healthy and diseased airways of humans and rodents. Collectively, these peptides serve to both maintain and restore homeostasis through their regulation of the mucous layer and their control of cell motility, cell differentiation, and immune function in the upper and lower airways. We will also discuss important differences in which trefoil member tracks with homeostasis and disease between humans and mice, which poses a challenge for research in this area. Moreover, we discuss new evidence supporting newly identified receptor binding partners in the leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing NoGo (LINGO) family in mediating the biological effects of TFF proteins in mouse models of epithelial repair and infection. Recent advances in our knowledge regarding TFF peptides suggest that they may be reasonable therapeutic targets in the treatment of upper and lower airway diseases of diverse etiologies. Further work understanding their role in airway homeostasis, repair, and inflammation will benefit from these newly uncovered receptor-ligand interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrew E. Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania; and
| | | | - Noam A. Cohen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of the University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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4
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He M, Wu B, Ye W, Le DD, Sinclair AW, Padovano V, Chen Y, Li KX, Sit R, Tan M, Caplan MJ, Neff N, Jan YN, Darmanis S, Jan LY. Chloride channels regulate differentiation and barrier functions of the mammalian airway. eLife 2020; 9:e53085. [PMID: 32286221 PMCID: PMC7182432 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The conducting airway forms a protective mucosal barrier and is the primary target of airway disorders. The molecular events required for the formation and function of the airway mucosal barrier, as well as the mechanisms by which barrier dysfunction leads to early onset airway diseases, remain unclear. In this study, we systematically characterized the developmental landscape of the mouse airway using single-cell RNA sequencing and identified remarkably conserved cellular programs operating during human fetal development. We demonstrated that in mouse, genetic inactivation of chloride channel Ano1/Tmem16a compromises airway barrier function, results in early signs of inflammation, and alters the airway cellular landscape by depleting epithelial progenitors. Mouse Ano1-/-mutants exhibited mucus obstruction and abnormal mucociliary clearance that resemble the airway defects associated with cystic fibrosis. The data reveal critical and non-redundant roles for Ano1 in organogenesis, and show that chloride channels are essential for mammalian airway formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu He
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Bing Wu
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Wenlei Ye
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Daniel D Le
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Adriane W Sinclair
- Department of Urology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Division of Pediatric Urology, University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's HospitalSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Valeria Padovano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HeavenUnited States
| | - Yuzhang Chen
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ke-Xin Li
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Rene Sit
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Michelle Tan
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Michael J Caplan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HeavenUnited States
| | - Norma Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg BiohubSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | | | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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5
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Royce SG, Li X, Tortorella S, Goodings L, Chow BSM, Giraud AS, Tang MLK, Samuel CS. Mechanistic insights into the contribution of epithelial damage to airway remodeling. Novel therapeutic targets for asthma. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:180-92. [PMID: 23980699 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0008oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that an inherent airway epithelial repair defect is the root cause of airway remodeling in asthma. However, the relationship between airway epithelial injury and repair, airway remodeling, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) has not been directly examined. We investigated the contribution of epithelial damage and repair to the development of airway remodeling and AHR using a validated naphthalene (NA)-induced murine model of airway injury. In addition, we examined the endogenous versus exogenous role of the epithelial repair peptide trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) in disease pathogenesis. A single dose of NA (200 mg/kg in 10 ml/kg body weight corn oil [CO] vehicle, intraperitoneally) was administered to mice. Control mice were treated with CO (10 ml/kg body weight, intraperitoneally). At 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after NA or CO injection, AHR and various measures of airway remodeling were examined by invasive plethysmography and morphometric analyses, respectively. TFF2-deficient mice and intranasal treatment were used to examine the role of the epithelial repair peptide. NA treatment induced denudation and apoptosis of airway epithelial cells, goblet cell metaplasia, elevated AHR, and increased levels of endogenous TFF2. Airway epithelial changes peaked at 12 hours after NA treatment, whereas airway remodeling changes were observed from 48 hours. TFF2 was protective against epithelial damage and induced remodeling and was found to mediate organ protection via a platelet-derived growth factor-associated mechanism. Our findings directly demonstrate the contribution of epithelial damage to airway remodeling and AHR and suggest that preventing airway epithelial damage and promoting epithelial repair may have therapeutic implications for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Royce
- 1 Department of Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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6
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Golebski K, Röschmann KIL, Toppila-Salmi S, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN, Renkonen R, Fokkens WJ, van Drunen CM. The multi-faceted role of allergen exposure to the local airway mucosa. Allergy 2013; 68:152-60. [PMID: 23240614 DOI: 10.1111/all.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are the first to encounter aeroallergens and therefore have recently become an interesting target of many studies investigating their involvement in the modulation of allergic inflammatory responses. Disruption of a passive structural barrier composed of epithelial cells by intrinsic proteolytic activity of allergens may facilitate allergen penetration into local tissues and additionally affect chronic and ongoing inflammatory processes in respiratory tissues. Furthermore, the ability of rhinoviruses to disrupt and interfere with epithelial tight junctions may alter the barrier integrity and enable a passive passage of inhaled allergens through the airway epithelium. On the other hand, epithelial cells are no longer considered to act only as a physical barrier toward inhaled allergens, but also to actively contribute to airway inflammation by detecting and responding to environmental factors. Epithelial cells can produce mediators, which may affect the recruitment and activation of more specialized immune cells to the local tissue and also create a microenvironment in which these activated immune cells may function and propagate the inflammatory processes. This review presents the dual role of epithelium acting as a passive and active barrier when encountering an inhaled allergen and how this double role contributes to the start of local immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Golebski
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - K. I. L. Röschmann
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - S. Toppila-Salmi
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Skin and Allergy Hospital & Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki; Helsinki; Finland
| | | | | | - R. Renkonen
- Transplantation Laboratory, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki & Helsinki University Central Hospital, HUSLAB; Helsinki; Finland
| | - W. J. Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - C. M. van Drunen
- Department of Otorhinolanyngology; Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam; The Netherlands
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7
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Ramsey KA, Bosco A, McKenna KL, Carter KW, Elliot JG, Berry LJ, Sly PD, Larcombe AN, Zosky GR. In utero exposure to arsenic alters lung development and genes related to immune and mucociliary function in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:244-50. [PMID: 23221970 PMCID: PMC3569690 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to arsenic via drinking water is a global environmental health problem. In utero exposure to arsenic via drinking water increases the risk of lower respiratory tract infections during infancy and mortality from bronchiectasis in early adulthood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate how arsenic exposure in early life alters lung development and pathways involved in innate immunity. METHODS Pregnant BALB/c, C57BL/6, and C3H/HeARC mice were exposed to 0 (control) or 100 μg/L arsenic via drinking water from gestation day 8 until the birth of their offspring. We measured somatic growth, lung volume, and lung mechanics of mice at 2 weeks of age. We used fixed lungs for structural analysis and collected lung tissue for gene expression analysis by microarray. RESULTS The response to arsenic was genetically determined, and C57BL/6 mice were the most susceptible. Arsenic-exposed C57BL/6 mice were smaller in size, had smaller lungs, and had impaired lung mechanics compared with controls. Exposure to arsenic in utero up-regulated the expression of genes in the lung involved in mucus production (Clca3, Muc5b, Scgb3a1), innate immunity (Reg3γ, Tff2, Dynlrb2, Lplunc1), and lung morphogenesis (Sox2). Arsenic exposure also induced mucous cell metaplasia and increased expression of CLCA3 protein in the large airways. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in somatic growth, lung development, and the expression of genes involved in mucociliary clearance and innate immunity in the lung are potential mechanisms through which early life arsenic exposure impacts respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Ramsey
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Royce SG, Lim C, Muljadi RC, Samuel CS, Ververis K, Karagiannis TC, Giraud AS, Tang MLK. Trefoil factor-2 reverses airway remodeling changes in allergic airways disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2012; 48:135-44. [PMID: 22652198 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0320oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) is a small peptide with an important role in mucosal repair. TFF2 is up-regulated in asthma, suggesting a role in asthma pathogenesis. Given its known biological role in promoting epithelial repair, TFF2 might be expected to exert a protective function in limiting the progression of airway remodeling in asthma. The contribution of TFF2 to airway remodeling in asthma was investigated by examining the expression of TFF2 in the airway and lung, and evaluating the effects of recombinant TFF2 treatment on established airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic allergic airways disease (AAD). BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or saline for 9 weeks, whereas mice with established OVA-induced AAD were treated with TFF2 or vehicle control (intranasally for 14 d). Effects on airway remodeling, airway inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness were then assessed, whereas TFF2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. TFF2 expression was significantly increased in the airways of mice with AAD, compared with expression levels in control mice. TFF2 treatment resulted in reduced epithelial thickening, subepithelial collagen deposition, goblet-cell metaplasia, bronchial epithelium apoptosis, and airway hyperresponsiveness (all P < 0.05, versus vehicle control), but TFF2 treatment did not influence airway inflammation. The increased expression of endogenous TFF2 in response to chronic allergic inflammation is insufficient to prevent the progression of airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of chronic AAD. However, exogenous TFF2 treatment is effective in reversing aspects of established airway remodeling. TFF2 has potential as a novel treatment for airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Royce
- Department of Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Children's Research Institute Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Lee CM, Jung ID, Noh KT, Lee JS, Park JW, Heo DR, Park JH, Chang JH, Choi IW, Kim JS, Shin YK, Park SJ, Han MK, Lee CG, Cho WK, Park YM. An essential regulatory role of downstream of kinase-1 in the ovalbumin-induced murine model of asthma. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34554. [PMID: 22514638 PMCID: PMC3326039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The downstream of kinase (DOK)-1 is involved in the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) pathway in mast cells, but the role of DOK-1 in the pathogenesis of asthma has not been defined. In this study, we have demonstrated a novel regulatory role of DOK-1 in airway inflammation and physiologic responses in a murine model of asthma using lentiviral vector containing DOK-1 cDNA or DOK-1-specific ShRNA. The OVA-induced inflammatory cells, airway hyperresponsiveness, Th2 cytokine expression, and mucus response were significantly reduced in DOK-1 overexpressing mice compared to OVA-challenged control mice. The transgenic introduction of DOK-1 significantly stimulated the activation and expression of STAT-4 and T-bet, while impressively inhibiting the activation and expression of STAT-6 and GATA-3 in airway epithelial cells. On the other hand, DOK-1 knockdown mice enhanced STAT-6 expression and its nuclear translocation compared to OVA-challenged control mice. When viewed in combination, our studies demonstrate DOK-1 regulates allergen-induced Th2 immune responses by selective stimulation and inhibition of STAT-4 and STAT-6 signaling pathways, respectively. These studies provide a novel insight on the regulatory role of DOK-1 in allergen-induced Th2 inflammation and airway responses, which has therapeutic potential for asthma and other allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Min Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yang-san, South Korea
| | - In Duk Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yang-san, South Korea
| | - Kyung Tae Noh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yang-san, South Korea
| | - Jun Sik Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin Wook Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yang-san, South Korea
| | - Deok Rim Heo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yang-san, South Korea
| | - Jun Ho Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Busan Medical Center, Busan, South Korea, Yang-san, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Chang
- Department of Clinical Labratory Science, College of Health & Therapy, Daegu Haany University, Gyeong San, South Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung-Joo Park
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Myung-Kwan Han
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yang-san, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Wills-Karp M, Rani R, Dienger K, Lewkowich I, Fox JG, Perkins C, Lewis L, Finkelman FD, Smith DE, Bryce PJ, Kurt-Jones EA, Wang TC, Sivaprasad U, Hershey GK, Herbert DR. Trefoil factor 2 rapidly induces interleukin 33 to promote type 2 immunity during allergic asthma and hookworm infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:607-22. [PMID: 22329990 PMCID: PMC3302229 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20110079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The repair protein trefoil factor 2 promotes Th2 responses to helminth infection and allergens in part by inducing IL-33. The molecular mechanisms that drive mucosal T helper type 2 (TH2) responses against parasitic helminths and allergens remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate in mice that TFF2 (trefoil factor 2), an epithelial cell–derived repair molecule, is needed for the control of lung injury caused by the hookworm parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and for type 2 immunity after infection. TFF2 is also necessary for the rapid production of IL-33, a TH2-promoting cytokine, by lung epithelia, alveolar macrophages, and inflammatory dendritic cells in infected mice. TFF2 also increases the severity of allergic lung disease caused by house dust mite antigens or IL-13. Moreover, TFF2 messenger RNA expression is significantly increased in nasal mucosal brushings during asthma exacerbations in children. These experiments extend the biological functions of TFF2 from tissue repair to the initiation and maintenance of mucosal TH2 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Wills-Karp
- Division of Immunobiology and 2 Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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11
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Royce SG, Lim C, Muljadi RC, Tang MLK. Trefoil factor 2 regulates airway remodeling in animal models of asthma. J Asthma 2011; 48:653-9. [PMID: 21793772 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2011.599906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial denudation and metaplasia are important in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling and asthma. Trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) is a member of a family of peptides involved in protection and healing of the gastrointestinal epithelium but which are also secreted in the airway mucosa. METHODS We investigated the role of TFF2 in airway remodeling by histological and morphometric analysis of lung tissue from TFF2-deficient mice subjected to two relevant animal models of asthma: an ovalbumin model of allergic airways disease and an Aspergillus fumigatus antigen sensitization model. RESULTS In the ovalbumin model TFF2-deficient mice had increased goblet cell hyperplasia, but not epithelial thickening compared to wild-type (WT) counterparts. In the Aspergillus model TFF2-deficient mice also had increased goblet cell hyperplasia, and epithelial thickness was also increased in the Aspergillus-sensitized mice compared to WT controls. TFF2 deficiency was also associated with increased subepithelial collagen layer thickness. DISCUSSION The current study demonstrates a role of TFF2 in airway remodeling in mouse models of airway disease. Further studies into the mechanisms of action of TFF2 and its role in asthma are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Royce
- Allergy and Immune Disorders, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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12
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Quante M, Marrache F, Goldenring JR, Wang TC. TFF2 mRNA transcript expression marks a gland progenitor cell of the gastric oxyntic mucosa. Gastroenterology 2010; 139:2018-2027.e2. [PMID: 20708616 PMCID: PMC2997174 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Gastric stem cells are located in the isthmus of the gastric glands and give rise to epithelial progenitors that undergo bipolar migration and differentiation into pit and oxyntic lineages. Although gastric mucus neck cells located below the isthmus express trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) protein, TFF2 messenger RNA transcripts are concentrated in cells above the neck region in normal corpus mucosa, suggesting that TFF2 transcription is a marker of gastric progenitor cells. METHODS Using a BAC strategy, we generated a transgenic mouse with a tamoxifen-inducible Cre under the control of the TFF2 promoter (TFF2-BAC-Cre(ERT2)) and analyzed the lineage derivation from TFF2 mRNA transcript-expressing (TTE) cells. RESULTS TTE cells were localized to the isthmus, above and distinct from TFF2 protein-expressing mucus neck cells. Lineage tracing revealed that these cells migrated toward the bottom of the gland within 20 days, giving rise to parietal, mucous neck, and chief cells, but not to enterochromaffin-like-cell. Surface mucus cells were not derived from TTE cells and the progeny of the TTE lineage did not survive beyond 200 days. TTE cells were localized in the isthmus adjacent to doublecortin CaM kinase-like-1(+) putative progenitor cells. Induction of spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia with DMP-777-induced acute parietal cell loss revealed that this metaplastic phenotype might arise in part through transdifferentiation of chief cells as opposed to expansion of mucus neck or progenitor cells. CONCLUSIONS TFF2 transcript-expressing cells are progenitors for mucus neck, parietal and zymogenic, but not for pit or enterochromaffin-like cell lineages in the oxyntic gastric mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Quante
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Frederic Marrache
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Nashville VA Medical Center and the Departments of Surgery and Cell and Developmental Biology, Epithelial Biology Center and Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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Greeley MA, Van Winkle LS, Edwards PC, Plopper CG. Airway trefoil factor expression during naphthalene injury and repair. Toxicol Sci 2009; 113:453-67. [PMID: 19880587 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfp268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While the role of trefoil factors (TFF) in the maintenance of epithelial integrity in the gastrointestinal tract is well known, their involvement in wound healing in the conducting airway is less well understood. We defined the pattern of expression of TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 in the airways of mice during repair of both severe (300 mg/kg) and moderate (200 mg/kg) naphthalene-induced Clara cell injury. Quantitative real-time PCR for tff messenger RNA expression and immunohistochemistry for protein expression were applied to airway samples obtained by microdissection of airway trees or to fixed lung tissue from mice at 6 and 24 h and 4 and 7 days after exposure to either naphthalene or an oil (vehicle) control. All three TFF were expressed in normal whole lung and airways. TFF2 was the most abundant and was enriched in airways. Injury of the airway epithelium by 300 mg/kg naphthalene caused a significant induction of tff1 gene expression at 24 h, 4 days, and 7 days. In contrast, tff2 was decreased in the high-dose group at 24 h and 4 days but returned to baseline levels by 7 days. tff3 gene expression was not significantly changed at any time point. Protein localization via immunohistochemistry did not directly correlate with the gene expression measurements. TFF1 and TFF2 expression was most intense in the degenerating Clara cells in the injury target zone at 6 and 24 h. Following the acute injury phase, TFF1 and TFF2 were localized to the luminal apices of repairing epithelial cells and to the adjacent mesenchyme in focal regions that correlated with bifurcations and the bronchoalveolar duct junction. The temporal pattern of increases in TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3 indicate a role in cell death as well as proliferation, migration, and differentiation phases of airway epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Greeley
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Royce SG, Tan L, Koek AA, Tang MLK. Effect of extracellular matrix composition on airway epithelial cell and fibroblast structure: implications for airway remodeling in asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2009; 102:238-46. [PMID: 19354071 DOI: 10.1016/s1081-1206(10)60087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling in asthma is characterized by structural changes to the airways including extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and epithelial metaplasia. Extracellular matrix deposition in the subepithelial region may play an important role in modulation of epithelial cell and fibroblast structure and function because it lies in immediate contact with these cell types and exists within the functional epithelial mesenchymal trophic unit. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of aberrant ECM components on airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts and the relationship among subepithelial ECM deposition, other remodeling changes, and airway hyperresponsiveness. METHODS BEAS-2B human airway epithelial cells and WI-38 human airway fibroblast cells were cultured on various ECM protein substrates (Matrigel, representing normal basement membrane matrix, or aberrant matrix proteins collagen I, collagen III, and fibronectin). Airway remodeling changes were determined using morphometry in sections from a murine model of chronic allergic airway disease. Airway reactivity to methacholine was determined, and these parameters correlated. RESULTS Abnormal ECM substrates induced epithelial and fibroblast proliferation and altered the cell morphology of both human airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts when compared with normal basement membrane ECM. Subepithelial matrix deposition in the mouse correlated with epithelial thickness, but only weak correlations were noted among the other parameters. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that ECM may affect the growth of airway epithelial cells and fibroblasts in vitro and may influence epithelial thickness in the mouse. These findings may have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of asthma and future therapeutic targeting of airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Royce
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Nagashima O, Harada N, Usui Y, Yamazaki T, Yagita H, Okumura K, Takahashi K, Akiba H. B7-H3 contributes to the development of pathogenic Th2 cells in a murine model of asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:4062-71. [PMID: 18768862 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.6.4062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B7-H3 is a new member of the B7 family. The receptor for B7-H3 has not been identified, but it seems to be expressed on activated T cells. Initial studies have shown that B7-H3 provides a stimulatory signal to T cells. However, recent studies suggest a negative regulatory role for B7-H3 in T cell responses. Thus, the immunological function of B7-H3 is controversial and unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of neutralizing anti-B7-H3 mAb in a mouse model of allergic asthma to determine whether B7-H3 contributes to the development of pathogenic Th2 cells and pulmonary inflammation. Administration of anti-B7-H3 mAb significantly reduced airway hyperreactivity with a concomitant decrease in eosinophils in the lung as compared with control IgG-treated mice. Treatment with anti-B7-H3 mAb also resulted in decreased production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in the draining lymph node cells. Although blockade of B7-H3 during the induction phase abrogated the development of asthmatic responses, B7-H3 blockade during the effector phase did not inhibit asthmatic responses. These results indicated an important role for B7-H3 in the development of pathogenic Th2 cells during the induction phase in a murine model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Nagashima
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang T, Moreno-Vinasco L, Huang Y, Lang GD, Linares JD, Goonewardena SN, Grabavoy A, Samet JM, Geyh AS, Breysse PN, Lussier YA, Natarajan V, Garcia JG. Murine lung responses to ambient particulate matter: genomic analysis and influence on airway hyperresponsiveness. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:1500-8. [PMID: 19057703 PMCID: PMC2592270 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.11229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a complex disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and chronic airway inflammation. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that exposures to environmental factors such as ambient particulate matter (PM), a major air pollutant, contribute to increased asthma prevalence and exacerbations. OBJECTIVE We investigated pathophysiologic responses to Baltimore, Maryland, ambient PM (median diameter, 1.78 mum) in a murine model of asthma and attempted to identify PM-specific genomic/molecular signatures. METHODS We exposed ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized A/J mice intratracheally to PM (20 mg/kg), and assayed both AHR and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) on days 1, 4, and 7 after PM exposure. Lung gene expression profiling was analyzed in OVA- and PM-challenged mice. RESULTS Consistent with this murine model of asthma, we observed significant increases in airway responsiveness in OVA-treated mice, with PM exposure inducing significant changes in AHR in both naive mice and OVA-induced asthmatic mice. PM evoked eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration into airways, elevated BAL protein content, and stimulated secretion of type 1 T helper (T(H)1) cytokines [interferon-gamma, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha] and T(H)2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, eotaxin) into murine airways. Furthermore, PM consistently induced expression of genes involved in innate immune responses, chemotaxis, and complement system pathways. CONCLUSION This study is consistent with emerging epidemiologic evidence and indicates that PM exposure evokes proinflammatory and allergic molecular signatures that may directly contribute to the asthma susceptibility in naive subjects and increased severity in affected asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liliana Moreno-Vinasco
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong Huang
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gabriel D. Lang
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jered D. Linares
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sascha N. Goonewardena
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alayna Grabavoy
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Samet
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alison S. Geyh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Patrick N. Breysse
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yves A. Lussier
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Address correspondence to J.G.N. Garcia, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., W604, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Telephone: (773) 702-1051. Fax: (773) 702-4427. E-mail:
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Kuperman DA, Schleimer RP. Interleukin-4, interleukin-13, signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 6, and allergic asthma. Curr Mol Med 2008; 8:384-92. [PMID: 18691065 DOI: 10.2174/156652408785161032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 share many biological activities. To some extent, this is because they both signal via a shared receptor, IL-4Ralpha. Ligation of IL-4Ralpha results in activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription factor 6 (STAT6) and Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS) molecules. In T- and B-cells, IL-4Ralpha signaling contributes to cell-mediated and humoral aspects of allergic inflammation. It has recently become clear that IL-4 and IL-13 produced in inflamed tissues activate signaling in normally resident cells of the airway. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the contributions of IL-4- and IL-13-induced tissue responses, especially those mediated by STAT6, to some of the pathologic features of asthma including eosinophilic inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, subepithelial fibrosis and excessive mucus production. We also review the functions of some recently identified IL-4- and/or IL-13-induced mediators that provide some detail on molecular mechanisms and suggest an important contribution to host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Kuperman
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.
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Park SG, Choi JW, Kim HJ, Roh GS, Bok J, Go MJ, Kwack K, Oh B, Kim Y. Genome-Wide Profiling of Antigen-Induced Time Course Expression Using Murine Models for Acute and Chronic Asthma. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2007; 146:44-56. [DOI: 10.1159/000112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
When allergen is inhaled it comes into contact with the epithelium of the respiratory tract. This contact triggers multiple events that can ultimately stimulate development of allergic asthma. Some allergens, like house dust mite, contain active proteolytic enzymes that break down tight epithelial cell junctions. Others act to enhance inflammation by stimulating epithelial cells to make proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Alterations in airways include mucous cell metaplasia and eosinophil recruitment. In this review, cell culture experiments as well as several animal models and human patient data are utilized to examine the mechanisms by which allergens alter the normal epithelial homeostasis. Environmental pollutants, such as ozone and environmental tobacco smoke, enhance allergen-mediated effects on epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel J Gershwin
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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