1
|
Zhang L, Huang FY, Dai SZ, Wang L, Zhou X, Zheng ZY, Li Q, Tan GH, Wang CC. Rosuvastatin attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling in a chronic allergic asthma model through modulation of the AMPKα signaling pathway. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305863. [PMID: 38913666 PMCID: PMC11195969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of rosuvastatin in reducing allergic inflammation has been established. However, its potential to reduce airway remodeling has yet to be explored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of rosuvastatin in reducing airway inflammation and remodeling in a mouse model of chronic allergic asthma induced by sensitization and challenge with OVA. Histology of the lung tissue and the number of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed a marked decrease in airway inflammation and remodeling in mice treated with rosuvastatin, as evidenced by a decrease in goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and smooth muscle hypertrophy. Furthermore, levels of inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis-related factors, and OVA-specific IgE in BALF, plasma, and serum were all reduced upon treatment with rosuvastatin. Western blotting was employed to detect AMPK expression, while immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe the expression of remodeling signaling proteins such as α-SMA, TGF-β, MMP-9, and p-AMPKα in the lungs. It was found that the activity of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) was significantly lower in the lungs of OVA-induced asthmatic mice compared to Control mice. However, the administration of rosuvastatin increased the ratio of phosphorylated AMPK to total AMPKα, thus inhibiting the formation of new blood vessels, as indicated by CD31-positive staining mainly in the sub-epithelial region. These results indicate that rosuvastatin can effectively reduce airway inflammation and remodeling in mice with chronic allergic asthma caused by OVA, likely due to the reactivation of AMPKα and a decrease in angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University & Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, China
| | - Feng-Ying Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Dai
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University & Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University & Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, China
| | - Zhen-You Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University & Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, China
| | - Guang-Hong Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, School of Tropical Medicine & The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Cai-Chun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University & Hainan Province Clinical Medical Center of Respiratory Disease, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Witte A, Türk Y, Braunstahl GJ. Obesity-related asthma: new insights leading to a different approach. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:294-302. [PMID: 38441436 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity is a growing global health threat that significantly contributes to the burden of asthma by increasing the risk of developing asthma and exerting a distinct effect on lung function and inflammation. The treatment of obesity-related asthma is hindered by a poor response to standard asthma treatments, leading to worse asthma control. Weight loss strategies have a significant effect on asthma symptoms but are not feasible for a large proportion of patients, underscoring the need for a better understanding of the pathophysiology and the development of additional treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS Recent literature focusing on pathophysiology particularly delved into nontype 2 inflammatory mechanisms, associations with the metabolic syndrome and small airway impairment. Additionally, several new treatment options are currently investigated, including biologics, weight reduction interventions, and novel antiobesity drugs. SUMMARY Obesity-related asthma is a highly prevalent asthma phenotype for which weight loss strategies currently stand as the most specific treatment. Furthermore, novel pharmacological interventions aiming at metabolic processes are on the way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adjan Witte
- Department of Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, The Netherlands
| | - Yasemin Türk
- Department of Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, The Netherlands
- Dutch Asthma Center Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Gert-Jan Braunstahl
- Department of Pulmonology, Franciscus Gasthuis & Vlietland, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Britt RD, Porter N, Grayson MH, Gowdy KM, Ballinger M, Wada K, Kim HY, Guerau-de-Arellano M. Sterols and immune mechanisms in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:47-59. [PMID: 37138729 PMCID: PMC10151016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The field of sterol and oxysterol biology in lung disease has recently gained attention, revealing a unique need for sterol uptake and metabolism in the lung. The presence of cholesterol transport, biosynthesis, and sterol/oxysterol-mediated signaling in immune cells suggests a role in immune regulation. In support of this idea, statin drugs that inhibit the cholesterol biosynthesis rate-limiting step enzyme, hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase, show immunomodulatory activity in several models of inflammation. Studies in human asthma reveal contradicting results, whereas promising retrospective studies suggest benefits of statins in severe asthma. Here, we provide a timely review by discussing the role of sterols in immune responses in asthma, analytical tools to evaluate the role of sterols in disease, and potential mechanistic pathways and targets relevant to asthma. Our review reveals the importance of sterols in immune processes and highlights the need for further research to solve critical gaps in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D. Britt
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - Ned Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville
| | - Mitchell H. Grayson
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Megan Ballinger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Kara Wada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Hye-Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville
| | - Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University, Columbus
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reyes-Angel J, Kaviany P, Rastogi D, Forno E. Obesity-related asthma in children and adolescents. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2022; 6:713-724. [PMID: 35988550 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(22)00185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
There is substantial epidemiological and experimental evidence of an obesity-related asthma phenotype. Compared to children of healthy weight, children with obesity are at higher risk of asthma. Children with obesity who have asthma have greater severity and poorer control of their asthma symptoms, more frequent asthma exacerbations, and overall lower asthma-related quality of life than children with asthma who have a healthy weight. In this Review, we examine some of the latest evidence on the characteristics of this phenotype and its main underlying mechanisms, including genetics and genomics, changes in airway mechanics and lung function, sex hormone differences, alterations in immune responses, systemic and airway inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and modifications in the microbiome. We also review current recommendations for the treatment of these children, including in the management of their asthma, and current evidence for weight loss interventions. We then discuss initial evidence for potential novel therapeutic approaches, such as dietary modifications and supplements, antidiabetic medications, and statins. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps and future directions to improve our understanding of asthma in children with obesity, and to improve outcomes in these susceptible children. We highlight important needs, such as designing paediatric-specific studies, implementing large multicentric trials with standardised interventions and outcomes, and including racial and ethnic groups along with other under-represented populations that are particularly affected by obesity and asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Reyes-Angel
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Pediatric Asthma Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Parisa Kaviany
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Pediatric Asthma Center, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kong J, Yang F, Bai M, Zong Y, Li Z, Meng X, Zhao X, Wang J. Airway immune response in the mouse models of obesity-related asthma. Front Physiol 2022; 13:909209. [PMID: 36051916 PMCID: PMC9424553 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.909209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of obesity and its complications have increased dramatically worldwide. Obesity can lead to low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, which predisposes individuals to an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Although obesity has received considerable interest in recent years, the essential role of obesity in asthma development has not been explored. Asthma is a common chronic inflammatory airway disease caused by various environmental allergens. Obesity is a critical risk factor for asthma exacerbation due to systemic inflammation, and obesity-related asthma is listed as an asthma phenotype. A suitable model can contribute to the understanding of the in-depth mechanisms of obese asthma. However, stable models for simulating clinical phenotypes and the impact of modeling on immune response vary across studies. Given that inflammation is one of the central mechanisms in asthma pathogenesis, this review will discuss immune responses in the airways of obese asthmatic mice on the basis of diverse modeling protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minghua Bai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Zong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuqing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghe Meng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoshan Zhao, ; Ji Wang,
| | - Ji Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoshan Zhao, ; Ji Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shailesh H, Janahi IA. Role of Obesity in Inflammation and Remodeling of Asthmatic Airway. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070948. [PMID: 35888038 PMCID: PMC9317357 DOI: 10.3390/life12070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered as an important risk factor for the onset of asthma and plays a key role in enhancing the disease's severity. Obese asthmatic individuals represent a distinct phenotype of asthma that is associated with additional symptoms, more severe exacerbation, decreased response to standard medication, and poor quality of life. Obesity impairs the function of the lung airway in asthmatic individuals, leading to increased inflammation and severe remodeling of the bronchus; however, the molecular events that trigger such changes are not completely understood. In this manuscript, we review the current findings from studies that focused on understanding the role of obesity in modulating the functions of airway cells, including lung immune cells, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts, leading to airway inflammation and remodeling. Finally, the review sheds light on the current knowledge of different therapeutic approaches for treating obese asthmatic individuals. Given the fact that the prevalence of asthma and obesity has been increasing rapidly in recent years, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms that play a role in the disease pathophysiology of obese asthmatic individuals for developing novel therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ibrahim A. Janahi
- Department of Medical Education, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha 24144, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-40032201
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Neutrophils and Asthma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051175. [PMID: 35626330 PMCID: PMC9140072 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although eosinophilic inflammation is characteristic of asthma pathogenesis, neutrophilic inflammation is also marked, and eosinophils and neutrophils can coexist in some cases. Based on the proportion of sputum cell differentiation, asthma is classified into eosinophilic asthma, neutrophilic asthma, neutrophilic and eosinophilic asthma, and paucigranulocytic asthma. Classification by bronchoalveolar lavage is also performed. Eosinophilic asthma accounts for most severe asthma cases, but neutrophilic asthma or a mixture of the two types can also present a severe phenotype. Biomarkers for the diagnosis of neutrophilic asthma include sputum neutrophils, blood neutrophils, chitinase-3-like protein, and hydrogen sulfide in sputum and serum. Thymic stromal lymphoprotein (TSLP)/T-helper 17 pathways, bacterial colonization/microbiome, neutrophil extracellular traps, and activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of neutrophilic asthma and coexistence of obesity, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and habitual cigarette smoking have been associated with its pathogenesis. Thus, targeting neutrophilic asthma is important. Smoking cessation, neutrophil-targeting treatments, and biologics have been tested as treatments for severe asthma, but most clinical studies have not focused on neutrophilic asthma. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, anti-TSLP antibodies, azithromycin, and anti-cholinergic agents are promising drugs for neutrophilic asthma. However, clinical research targeting neutrophilic inflammation is required to elucidate the optimal treatment.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Xu Z, Wen X, Huang G, Nian S, Li L, Guo X, Ye Y, Yuan Q. The onset, development and pathogenesis of severe neutrophilic asthma. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:144-159. [PMID: 35080788 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is divided into Th2 high, Th2 low and mixed types. The Th2 high type is dominated by eosinophils while the Th2 low type is divided into neutrophilic and paucigranulocytic types. Eosinophilic asthma has gained increased attention recently, and its pathogenesis and treatment are well understood. However, severe neutrophilic asthma requires more in-depth research because its pathogenesis is not well understood, and no effective treatment exists. This review looks at the advances made in asthma research, the pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma, the mechanisms of progression to severe asthma, risk factors for asthma exacerbations, and biomarkers and treatment of neutrophilic asthma. The pathogenesis of neutrophilic asthma is further discussed from four aspects: Th17-type inflammatory response, inflammasomes, exosomes and microRNAs. This review provides direction for the mechanistic study, diagnosis and treatment of neutrophilic asthma. The treatment of neutrophilic asthma remains a significant challenge for clinical therapists and is an important area of future clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Zhang
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixi Xu
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Zigong Hospital of Woman and Children Healthcare, Sichuan, China
| | - Siji Nian
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiyuan Guo
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingchun Ye
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Science of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ren Y, Li L, Wang MM, Cao LP, Sun ZR, Yang ZZ, Zhang W, Zhang P, Nie SN. Pravastatin attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury through decreasing pulmonary microvascular permeability via inhibition of Cav-1/eNOS pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108077. [PMID: 34464887 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of alveolar endothelial barrier caused by inflammation drives the progression of septic acute lung injury (ALI). Pravastatin, an inhibitor of HMG Co-A reductase, has potent anti-inflammatory effects. In the present study, we aim to explore the beneficial role of pravastatin in sepsis-induced ALI and its related mechanisms. METHODS A septic ALI model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. The pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The pathological changes in lung tissues were examined by HE staining. The pulmonary microvascular permeability was determined by lung wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratio and Evans blue staining. The total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was detected by BCA assay. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were assessed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL. Western blotting was performed for detection of target protein levels. The expression of VE-Cadherin in lung tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Pravastatin improved survival rate, attenuated lung pathological changes and reduced pulmonary microvascular permeability in septic mice. In addition, pravastatin restrained sepsis-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis in the lung tissues and PMVECs. Moreover, pravastatin up-regulated the levels of junction proteins ZO-1, JAM-C, and VE-Cadherin. Finally, pravastatin suppressed inflammation, apoptosis and enhanced the expression of junction proteins via regulating Cav-1/eNOS signaling pathway in LPS-exposed PMVECs. CONCLUSION Pravastatin ameliorates sepsis-induced ALI through improving alveolar endothelial barrier disruption via modulating Cav-1/eNOS pathway, which may be an effective candidate for treating septic ALI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhao-Rui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhi-Zhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Shi-Nan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hernandez-Santini AC, Mitha AN, Chow D, Hamed MF, Gucwa AL, Vaval V, Martinez LR. Methamphetamine facilitates pulmonary and splenic tissue injury and reduces T cell infiltration in C57BL/6 mice after antigenic challenge. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8207. [PMID: 33859291 PMCID: PMC8050260 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87728-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a strong addictive central nervous system stimulant. METH abuse can alter biological processes and immune functions necessary for host defense. The acquisition and transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and other communicable diseases are possible serious infectious consequences of METH use. METH also accumulates extensively in major organs. Despite METH being a major public health and safety problem globally, there are limited studies addressing the impact of this popular recreational psychostimulant on tissue adaptive immune responses after exposure to T cell dependent [ovalbumin (OVA)] and independent [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] antigens. We hypothesized that METH administration causes pulmonary and splenic tissue alterations and reduces T cell responses to OVA and LPS in vivo, suggesting the increased susceptibility of users to infection. Using a murine model of METH administration, we showed that METH causes tissue injury, apoptosis, and alters helper and cytotoxic T cell recruitment in antigen challenged mice. METH also reduces the expression and distribution of CD3 and CD28 molecules on the surface of human Jurkat T cells. In addition, METH decreases the production of IL-2 in these T-like cells, suggesting a negative impact on T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Our findings demonstrate the pleotropic effects of METH on cell-mediated immunity. These alterations have notable implications on tissue homeostasis and the capacity of the host to respond to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anum N Mitha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, NYIT College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, NY, USA
| | - Daniela Chow
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1395 Center Drive, Room DG-48, P.O. Box 100424, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Azad L Gucwa
- Department of Biology, Farmingdale State College, Farmingdale, NY, USA
| | - Valerie Vaval
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Long Island University, C. W. Post, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Luis R Martinez
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida College of Dentistry, 1395 Center Drive, Room DG-48, P.O. Box 100424, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pediatric obese asthma is a complex disease that remains poorly understood. The increasing worldwide incidence of both asthma and obesity over the last few decades, their current high prevalence and the challenges in treating obese asthmatic patients all highlight the importance of a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms in obese asthma. While it is well established that patients with obesity are at an increased risk of developing asthma, the mechanisms by which obesity drives the onset of asthma, and modifies existing asthma, remain unclear. Here, we will focus on mechanisms by which obesity alters immune function in asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Lung parenchyma has an altered structure in some pediatric obese asthmatics, known as dysanapsis. Central adiposity is linked to reduced pulmonary function and a better predictor of asthma risk in children than BMI. Obesity in young children is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma, as well as early puberty, and hormonal alterations are implicated in obese asthma. Obesity and asthma each yield immunometabolic dysregulation separately and we are learning more about alterations in these pathways in pediatric obese asthma and the potential impact of bariatric surgery on those processes. SUMMARY The recent progress in clarifying the connections between childhood obesity and asthma and their combined impacts on immune function moves us closer to the goals of improved understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning obese asthma and improved therapeutic target selection. However, this common inflammatory disease remains understudied, especially in children, and much remains to be learned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ceire Hay
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy Immunology, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah E. Henrickson
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy Immunology, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Childhood obesity, with persistent chronic inflammation, is a worldwide epidemic. Obesity causes dysregulation throughout the immune system, affecting the balance and levels of cytokines, adipokines, and innate and adaptive immune cells. The present review focuses on the impact of obesity on immune function in children: altering the baseline activation state of immune cells and affecting the ability of the host to combat pathogens and malignancy and respond appropriately to vaccination. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity causes dysregulation of the immune system. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of adipose tissue and resident immune cells is quantifying the impact of obesity on the frequency of immune cell subsets and their states. The system-wide alterations in immune function in obesity are most evident upon perturbation, including the response to infection (e.g. increased risk of severe COVID-19 in the ongoing pandemic), vaccination, and malignancy. However, mechanistic research in pediatric obesity is limited and this impacts our ability to care for these children. SUMMARY We must better understand baseline and perturbed immune health in obese children to determine how to account for altered frequency and function of humoral and cellular immune components in acute infection, during vaccine design and when considering therapeutic options for this complex, medically vulnerable group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Fang
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy Immunology, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jorge Henao-Mejia
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pathology, Division of Allergy Immunology, Philadelphia, PA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarah E. Henrickson
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy Immunology, Philadelphia, PA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|