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Konstantopoulos K, Bogdanis G, Konstantopoulos I, Vogazianos P, Travlos A, Panayiotou G. Maximum Phonation Time as a Predictor of Lactate Threshold during Intermittent Incremental Endurance Test. J Voice 2024; 38:25-30. [PMID: 34588135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine whether the exercise intensity corresponding to the lactate threshold may be predicted by the Maximum Phonation Time task (MPT). Ten Greek amateur football players (age: 18.4 ± 1.0 years), performed a graded cycling exercise test to exhaustion in order to determine lactate threshold. A number of physiological variables were measured including perceived exertion, cardiopulmonary values and blood lactate. The MPT variable was correlated with all of the physiological variables. Also, a binary logistic regression analysis was used to investigate whether MPT could predict lactate threshold. The ROC analysis showed specificity to be 0.90 and sensitivity to be 0.70 (optimal screening cutoff point for MPT 9.5 seconds). The results showed an odds ratio of 1.45 indicating a 45% increase in the probability of passing the threshold for every second there was a reduction in voice duration. MPT may be used as a simple, non-invasive, inexpensive method for monitoring exercise intensity during physical exercise. Further research is needed to measure its efficacy in bigger samples and in different sports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - G Bogdanis
- Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - I Konstantopoulos
- Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P Vogazianos
- Social and Behavioral Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - A Travlos
- Sport Organization & Management, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
| | - G Panayiotou
- Sports & Exercise Physiology, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Bok D, Rakovac M, Foster C. An Examination and Critique of Subjective Methods to Determine Exercise Intensity: The Talk Test, Feeling Scale, and Rating of Perceived Exertion. Sports Med 2022; 52:2085-2109. [PMID: 35507232 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prescribing exercise intensity is crucial in achieving an adequate training stimulus. While numerous objective methods exist and are used in practical settings for exercise intensity prescription, they all require anchor measurements that are derived from a maximal or submaximal graded exercise test or a series of submaximal or supramaximal exercise bouts. Conversely, self-reported subjective methods such as the Talk Test (TT), Feeling Scale (FS) affect rating, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) do not require exercise testing prior to commencement of the exercise training and therefore appear as more practical tools for exercise intensity prescription. This review is intended to provide basic information on reliability and construct validity of the TT, FS, and RPE measurements to delineate intensity domains. The TT and RPE appear to be valid measures of both the ventilatory threshold and the respiratory compensation threshold. Although not specifically examined, the FS showed tendency to demarcate ventilatory threshold, but its validity to demarcate the respiratory compensation threshold is limited. Equivocal stage of the TT, RPE of 10-11, and FS ratings between fairly good (+ 1) and good (+ 3) are reflective of the ventilatory threshold, while negative stage of the TT, RPE of 13-15, and FS ratings around neutral (0) are reflective of the respiratory compensation threshold. The TT and RPE can effectively be used to elicit homeostatic disturbances consistent with the moderate, heavy, and severe intensity domains, while physiological responses to constant FS ratings show extensive variability around ventilatory threshold to be considered effective in demarcating transition between moderate and heavy intensity domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bok
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Rakovac
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carl Foster
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
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Mahmod SR, Narayanan LT, Abu Hasan R, Supriyanto E. Regulated Monosyllabic Talk Test vs. Counting Talk Test During Incremental Cardiorespiratory Exercise: Determining the Implications of the Utterance Rate on Exercise Intensity Estimation. Front Physiol 2022; 13:832647. [PMID: 35422713 PMCID: PMC9002174 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.832647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose When utilizing breathing for speech, the rate and volume of inhalation, as well as the rate of exhalation during the utterance, seem to be largely governed by the speech-controlling system and its requirements with respect to phrasing, loudness, and articulation. However, since the Talk Test represents a non-standardized form of assessment of exercise intensity estimation, this study aimed to compare the utterance rate and the estimated exercise intensity using a newly introduced time-controlled monosyllabic Talk Test (tMTT) versus a self-paced Counting Talk Test (CTT) across incremental exercise stages and examined their associations with the exercise physiological measures. Methods Twenty-four participants, 10 males and 14 females (25 ± 4.0 yr; 160 ± 10 cm; 62 ± 14.5 kg) performed two sessions of submaximal cardiorespiratory exercise at incremental heart rate reserve (HRR) stages ranging from 40 to 85% of HRR: one session was performed with a currently available CTT that was affixed to a wall in front of the participants, and the other session was conducted with a tMTT with a 1-s inter-stimulus interval that was displayed from a tablet. In each session, the participants performed six stages of exercise at 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 85% HRR on a treadmill and were also asked to rate their perceived exertion based on Borg's 6 to 20 Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) at each exercise stage. Results The newly designed tMTT significantly delineated all the six stages of incremental exercise (p ≤ 0.017), while CTT could only delineate exercise stages at 60, 80, and 85% HRR. However, in estimations of exercise intensity, the tMTT demonstrated only moderate associations with HRR and Borg's RPE, similarly to the CTT. Conclusion If the purpose of exercise monitoring is to detect the intensity of light, moderate, and vigorous exercise intensity, the tMTT could be more universally applicable. However, due to its larger variability of speech rate across exercise intensities, the time-regulated approach may alter the speech breathing characteristics of the exercising individuals in other ways that should be investigated in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Ruzita Mahmod
- Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Leela T. Narayanan
- Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Rumaisa Abu Hasan
- Cardiorespiratory Physiotherapy Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
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Orizola-Cáceres I, Cerda-Kohler H, Burgos-Jara C, Meneses-Valdes R, Gutierrez-Pino R, Sepúlveda C. Modified Talk Test: a Randomized Cross-over Trial Investigating the Comparative Utility of Two "Talk Tests" for Determining Aerobic Training Zones in Overweight and Obese Patients. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2021; 7:23. [PMID: 33792764 PMCID: PMC8017038 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00315-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones. METHODS We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TTT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TTT, each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering "Yes," "I don't know," or "No" to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual analog scale (VAS)). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change and was used to determine agreement. RESULTS There was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 2-3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (VT1) (very likely equivalent; mean difference - 1.3 W, 90% confidence limit (CL) (- 8.2; 5.6), percent chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2%). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6-7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (VT2) (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90% CL (2.8; 19.2), percent chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4%). CONCLUSIONS ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Orizola-Cáceres
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo Cerda-Kohler
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile.,Applied Sports Science Unit, High-Performance Center, National Institute of Sports, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Burgos-Jara
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Meneses-Valdes
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Gutierrez-Pino
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Sepúlveda
- Unidad de Fisiología Integrativa, Laboratorio de Ciencias del Ejercicio, Clínica MEDS, Santiago, Chile.
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Validity of the Talk Test as a Method to Estimate Ventilatory Threshold and Guide Exercise Intensity in Cardiac Patients. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2020; 40:330-334. [PMID: 32604216 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationship between the Talk Test (TT) and ventilatory threshold (VT) in patients with cardiac disease and to compare the TT with exercise intensity guidelines. METHODS Twenty cardiac patients, aged 65 ± 8.5 yr, performed 2 exercise tests with identical ramp protocols on a cycle ergometer on the same day. One test was a submaximal effort to assess exercise intensity using the TT. The other was a cardiopulmonary exercise test using breath-by-breath gas analysis to identify VT and cardiorespiratory fitness. RESULTS Oxygen uptake and workload at the last positive stage (TTpos) was significantly lower than at VT. and workload at the equivocal stage (TTeq) and the first negative stage (TTneg) were not significantly different from VT, but limits of agreement (LoA) were wide. There was no significant difference in heart rate (HR) at TTpos and TTeq compared with VT, but HR at Tneg was significantly higher. The correlations between the TT and VT ranged from 0.37 to 0.60. Intensity at the different TT stages ranged from 58-77% of . All TT stages were within intensity guidelines of 40-80% of . CONCLUSION Although no significant differences were found in and workload for TTeq and TTneg when compared with VT, LoA demonstrated wide ranges, suggesting poor individual correspondence. The different stages of the TT can be used as a practical method to guide exercise intensity in patients with cardiac disease.
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Tirosh O, Orland G, Eliakim A, Nemet D, Steinberg N. Attenuation of Lower Body Acceleration in Overweight and Healthy-Weight Children During Running. J Appl Biomech 2020; 36:33-38. [PMID: 31914421 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2019-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify differences in ground impact shock attenuation between overweight and healthy-weight children during running. Twenty overweight children aged 8.4 (1.1) years and 12 healthy-weight children aged 10.7 (1.3) years ran on a treadmill (120% of baseline speed) while wearing 2 inertial sensors located on their distal tibia and lower back (L3). Peak acceleration attenuation coefficient at foot contact and transfer function of the acceleration were calculated. Peak positive acceleration values were not significantly different between the overweight children and healthy-weight children (3.98 [1.17] g and 3.71 [0.84] g, respectively, P = .49). Children with healthy weight demonstrated significant greater attenuation as evident by greater peak acceleration attenuation coefficient (35.4 [19.3] and 11.9 [27.3], respectively, P < .05) and lower transfer function of the acceleration values (-3.8 [1.9] and -1.2 [1.5], respectively, P < .05). Despite the nonsignificant differences between groups in tibia acceleration at foot-ground impact that was found in the current study, the shock absorption of overweight children was reduced compared with their healthy-weight counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy Orland
- Wingate Academic College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
| | | | | | - Nili Steinberg
- Wingate Academic College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
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Singla D, Shareef M, Hussain M. Blood lactate responses to plyometric training in cricket players of different maturity level: a randomised controlled trial. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3920/cep180054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies commonly examined the acute effect of plyometric exercise on blood lactate. To the best of our knowledge, no study has examined the effect of short-term plyometric training on blood lactate levels of cricket players. To investigate the effect of an 8 week plyometric training program on blood lactate concentration in cricket players of different maturity level. 55 healthy male cricket players (aged 14-35 years) were categorised into 14-17, 18-25 and 26-35 groups. Blood lactate concentration (BLAC) was assessed before and after 8 weeks of the intervention period. Regardless of the maturity level, a significant reduction in BLAC was observed in the experimental cricketers (P<0.05) in response to 8 weeks of training. Blood lactate responses did not vary significantly in 14-17, 18-25 and 26-35 groups of cricket players following plyometric training. Plyometric training significantly reduced BLAC in cricket players despite non-significant differences amongst 14-17, 18-25 and 26-35 groups. Plyometric training could be recommended for adolescent (14-17) and adult cricketers (18-25 and 26-35) for improving their physiological capacities so as to develop optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Singla
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - M.Y. Shareef
- Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, New Delhi, India
| | - M.E. Hussain
- Centre for Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
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Home-based aerobic exercise in patients with lacunar stroke: Design of the HITPALS randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 14:100332. [PMID: 30815618 PMCID: PMC6378897 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of physical exercise in patients with lacunar stroke, seem promising in secondary prevention and only few studies have investigated the effect of high-intensity interval training in patients with lacunar stroke. This study will be investigating whether high-intensity interval training improves cardiovascular fitness as well as cognitive- and endothelial function and potentially attenuating the risk of recurrent stroke. Methods A randomized controlled trial evaluating 12 weeks of home-based, high-intensity interval training compared with usual care. The intervention group will be exercising 15 min a day, 5 days a week, for 12 weeks. Outcomes will be evaluated at baseline, three, six and twelve months post-stroke with ‘The Graded Cycling Test with Talk Test’ as the primary outcome registered as power output in Watts. Additionally, an annually register-based follow-up will be performed for 5 years from date of inclusion with a composite endpoint of cardiovascular disease or death. Secondary outcomes will be: physical activity, endothelial response, mental well-being, cognition, mood, fatigue, stress, and MRI scan. Discussion This study is going to show if early initiated home-based high-intensity interval training is feasible and effective in patients with lacunar stroke. A self-chosen aerobic exercise modality allows a realistic implementation of practice, together with greater chance of long-term adherence. A limitation of the study is that recruitment bias cannot be ruled out, as there may be a preferential enrolment of patients who are self-motivated to engage in exercise.
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9
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Tirosh O, Steinberg N, Nemet D, Eliakim A, Orland G. Visual feedback gait re-training in overweight children can reduce excessive tibial acceleration during walking and running: An experimental intervention study. Gait Posture 2019; 68:101-105. [PMID: 30469103 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being overweight may increase the risk for developing stress fracture, as overweight adults and children were reported to have greater pressure peaks and rates under the heel during walking when compared with their normal-weight counterparts. Biofeedback gait retraining was shown to reduce ground impact magnitude in adults but not yet in children. RESEARCH QUESTION The study examined whether overweight children have greater tibia peak positive acceleration (PPA) at ground impact during fast walking and running compared to healthy weight children, and whether visual feedback gait retraining program can be used to reduce PPA in overweight children. METHODS Twenty five overweight and 12 healthy weight children participated in the study. Overweight children were randomly assigned into either feedback group or control no-feedback group of 8 sessions training program over 2-weeks. Tibia PPA at ground impact output from a wearable inertial sensor attached to the tibia was the feedback displayed on a monitor placed in front of the treadmill during walking and running. RESULTS Compared to healthy weight children, overweight participants showed significant greater PPA values in running (p < 0.05), but not in fast walking. Feedback group significantly reduced PPA by 16% (p < 0.01), and these changes persisted at the 1-month follow-up. SIGNIFICANCE Tibia PPA may be used in evaluating overweight children as a risk assessment to potential injuries due to high ground impact during running. Gait retraining using real-time feedback of tibia PPA may be useful in rehabilitation programs to reduce ground impact in overweight children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Tirosh
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Nili Steinberg
- The Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute, Israel
| | - Dan Nemet
- Child Health and Sport Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Alon Eliakim
- Child Health and Sport Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Guy Orland
- The Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute, Israel
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Saini M, Kulandaivelan S, Devi P, Saini V. The talk test-A costless tool for exercise prescription in Indian cardiac rehabilitation. Indian Heart J 2018; 70 Suppl 3:S466-S470. [PMID: 30595308 PMCID: PMC6309710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) plays a vital role in improving function and preventing mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients. Outpatient (Phase II and III) CR is almost nonexistent in India because of several reasons such as time, cost, distance, education level, scarcity of resources and so forth. Cardiologists or cardiac surgeons can directly advise patients and their family members to do an optimal dose of exercise in low-resource settings, that is, rural, low-income, or low-educated patients. Talk test is a no-cost, subjective tool for exercise prescription which is gaining popularity in CR because of its simplicity. This brief descriptive review covers history, administration, physiological mechanisms, reliability and validity, and safety among cardiac patients along with limitations of the ‘talk test’. This review also theoretically discusses how the talk test could be used in primary and secondary prevention of CVD. Finally, it advocates Indian CR team to use this simple validated tool as a self-monitoring tool of exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minaxi Saini
- Mother Teresa Saket College of Physiotherapy, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | | | - Poovishnu Devi
- Krishna College of Physiotherapy, KIMDU, Karad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikram Saini
- Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Agroha, Haryana, India
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Mahmod SR, Narayanan LT, Supriyanto E. Effects of incremental cardiorespiratory exercise on the speech rate and the estimated exercise intensity using the counting talk test. J Phys Ther Sci 2018; 30:933-937. [PMID: 30034101 PMCID: PMC6047967 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.30.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] This study examined how incremental cardiorespiratory exercise may affect the
speech rate and Counting Talk Test (CTT)-estimated exercise intensity. [Participants and
Methods] Twenty-four healthy adults performed the CTT while exercising on a treadmill at 6
stages of incremental exercise ranging from 40% to 85% of heart rate reserve (HRR). Each
participant started walking on the treadmill at 3 to 4 km/h and 0% elevation to warm up.
The increments of treadmill grades were adjusted until targeted heart rates corresponding
to the percentages of HRR were reached. Then, the participants were asked to rate their
perceived exertion while the treadmill grades were maintained for 2-minutes bouts of each
exercise stage. At the last minute of the exercise stage, the CTT was performed within a
single breath. [Results] The speech rates in the CTT appeared to vary significantly during
exercise. Moreover, the CTT-estimated exercise intensity showed significant reductions at
several exercise stages. [Conclusion] The CTT estimates exercise intensity
semi-quantitatively throughout incremental exercise. However, moderate and vigorous
intensities could not be significantly delineated by the current CTT method. This could be
due to the variability in speech rates that were indicated as the exercise progressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Ruzita Mahmod
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Leela T Narayanan
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, Faculty of Biosciences and Medical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
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Tirosh O, Orland G, Eliakim A, Nemet D, Steinberg N. Repeatability of tibial acceleration measurements made on children during walking and running. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 22:91-95. [PMID: 29907516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the between-visit reliability of an accelerometer as a measure of lower-extremity impact acceleration at a variety of gait speeds in children. DESIGN Absolute reliability assessment. METHODS Ten children with no known gait pathology attended two testing sessions, three weeks apart. A tri-axial accelerometer was fixed to the child's distal tibia to measure peak positive acceleration responses while walking and running on the treadmill at three different speeds (comfortable walking, threshold walking, and jogging). Reliability of the average and standard deviation Peak Positive Acceleration (avgPPA and sdPPA, respectively) was calculated by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and Minimum Detectable Change (MDC). RESULTS Excellent reliability was indicated with ICC values for avgPPA of 0.90, 0.95, and 0.81 for comfortable walking, threshold walking, and jogging, respectively. Moderate reliability was found for the sdPPA measures. MDC values were calculated to be 18%, 26%, and 23% for comfortable walking, threshold walking, and jogging, respectively, indicating the amount by which an avgPPA value would need to change to ensure that the change is greater than a measurement error. CONCLUSIONS An accelerometer attached to the distal tibia is practical for use in a clinical environment to collect lower extremity acceleration data in children. Clinicians can utilise this technique for assessing a change following an intervention, such as biofeedback gait retraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Tirosh
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Guy Orland
- The Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute, Israel
| | - Alon Eliakim
- Child Health and Sport Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dan Nemet
- Child Health and Sport Center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nili Steinberg
- The Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute, Israel
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13
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Tirosh O, Orland G, Eliakim A, Nemet D, Steinberg N. Tibial impact accelerations in gait of primary school children: The effect of age and speed. Gait Posture 2017; 57:265-269. [PMID: 28683418 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.06.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Tibial stress fractures are associated with increased lower extremity loading at initial foot-ground contact, reflected in high peak positive acceleration (>8g) of the tibia in adults. There is no reported data on peak positive acceleration of the tibia in children during walking and running. The aim of this study was to establish tibial peak positive acceleration responses in children across a range of age and gait speeds. Twenty-four children aged 8.5±1.4years with no known gait pathology comprised two age groups; Young (7-9year, n=12) and Older (10-12 years, n=12). Wireless Inertial Measurement Unit comprising a tri-axial accelerometer was securely taped to the anteromedial aspect of the distal tibia to measure peak positive acceleration responses while walking and running on the treadmill at 3 different speeds (20% below baseline, baseline, and 20% above baseline). Results showed significant increase in peak positive acceleration with increased gait speed and greater variability in young children compared to older children. The study suggests that ground impact in walking, but not running, is mature by age 7 years. Future studies should explore strategies using peak positive acceleration responses to monitor ground impact during sport activities and its application in gait retraining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Tirosh
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 6 Luton Lane, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
| | - Guy Orland
- The Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute, Israel
| | - Alon Eliakim
- Child Health and Sport center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Dan Nemet
- Child Health and Sport center, Pediatric Department, Meir Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Nili Steinberg
- The Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the Wingate Institute, Israel
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Steen Krawcyk R, Vinther A, Caesar Petersen N, Kruuse C. "Graded Cycling Test with Talk Test" Is a Reliable Test to Monitor Cardiovascular Fitness in Patients with Minor Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:494-499. [PMID: 28041898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise is generally recommended as part of life style changes post stroke. Monitoring cardiovascular effects may help motivate patients for further exercise, and can be an instrument to assess intervention effects in clinical trials. In 1 of 4 stroke patients, the heart rate variability may challenge currently used cardiovascular monitoring. The Graded Cycling Test with Talk Test is a submaximal exercise test independent of heart rate variability, shown reliable for patients with cardiac disease. METHODS Patients diagnosed with lacunar stroke according to TOAST (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) criteria performed an incremental exercise test on a stationary bicycle with a 15 W (watt) increase in workload every minute. Toward the end of each incremental step, the patients recited a standardized text passage and subsequently were asked: "Are you still able to speak comfortably?" The test was stopped when the patients were no longer able to speak comfortably. Two consecutive tests were performed separated by 1 hour rest. RESULTS Sixty patients completed the study. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1) was as follows: .97 [95% CI: .95-.98] with only a minor measurement error: 12.9 W for groups of patients (standard error of measurement, SEM95) and 18.3 W for individual patients (smallest real difference). CONCLUSION The "Graded Cycling Test with Talk Test" is feasible and reliable for monitoring exercise effects in patients with lacunar stroke. The high ICC2.1 and small measurement error suggest it to be a valuable outcome measurement in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Steen Krawcyk
- Department of Rehabilitation, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Vinther
- Department of Rehabilitation, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Kruuse
- Department of Neurology, Neurovascular Research Unit, Herlev Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark.
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Graded Cycling Test Combined With the Talk Test Is Responsive in Cardiac Rehabilitation. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2016; 36:368-74. [DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Reed JL, Pipe AL. Practical Approaches to Prescribing Physical Activity and Monitoring Exercise Intensity. Can J Cardiol 2016; 32:514-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Costa-Tutusaus L, Guerra-Balic M. Development and psychometric validation of a scoring questionnaire to assess healthy lifestyles among adolescents in Catalonia. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:89. [PMID: 26821644 PMCID: PMC4731967 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2778-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifestyle is intimately related to health. A questionnaire that specifically scores the healthiness of lifestyle of Catalan adolescents is needed. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a scoring questionnaire called VISA-TEEN to assess the healthy lifestyle of young Catalans that can be answered quickly and user-friendly. Methods A lifestyle questionnaire was developed based on the analysis of contributions from two focus groups, one with adolescents and the other with people who work with them (teachers and doctors). A panel of experts validated the content of items that were ultimately selected for the VISA-TEEN questionnaire. Three hundred ninety-six adolescents (215 boys and 181 girls, age = 13–19 years) completed the VISA-TEEN. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α) reliability coefficient. Test-retest reliability, using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), was calculated based on scores attained two weeks apart. Construct validity was assessed by the extraction of components with an exploratory factor analysis. The relationship between the scores was measured using the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) KIDSCREEN-10 Index (the relationship was assessed by calculating Pearson’s r correlation coefficient). The association of scores in the VISA-TEEN for self-rated health (SRH) was also examined by executing an analysis of variance (ANOVA) between the different categories of this variable. We also calculated the index of fit for factor scales (IFFS) for each component, as well as the discriminatory power of the instrument using Ferguson’s δ (delta) coefficient. Results The VISA-TEEN questionnaire showed acceptable reliability (α = 0.66, αest = 0.77) and a very good test-retest agreement (ICC = 0.860). It could be broken down into the following five components, all with an acceptable or very good IFFS (0.7–0.96): diet, substance abuse, physical activity, Rational Use of Technological Leisure (RUTL), and hygiene. Scores on the VISA-TEEN showed significant correlation with the KIDSCREEN index (r = 0.21, p < 0.001) and were associated with SRH (p < 0.001). The discriminatory power was found to be δ = 0.97. Conclusions The VISA-TEEN questionnaire developed to study the lifestyle of Catalan adolescents is a valid instrument to apply in this population as it is shown in the present psychometric tests to understand the role of lifestyle in the health of teenagers or to test the efficacy of health campaigns intended to improve teenagers' lifestyle. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2778-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Costa-Tutusaus
- Research Group Physical Activity, Sport and Health, School of Health Science, University Ramon Llull, FCS Blanquerna, C/ Padilla 326-332, Barcelona, 08025, Spain.
| | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Research Group Physical Activity, Sport and Health, Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, 08022, Spain
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Woltmann ML, Foster C, Porcari JP, Camic CL, Dodge C, Haible S, Mikat RP. Evidence that the talk test can be used to regulate exercise intensity. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:1248-54. [PMID: 25536539 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Talk Test (TT) has been shown to be a surrogate of the ventilatory threshold and to be a viable alternative to standard methods of prescribing exercise training intensity. The TT has also been shown to be responsive to manipulations known to change physiologic function including blood donation and training. Whether the TT can be used independently to regulated training intensity is not known. Physically active volunteers (N = 16) performed an incremental exercise test to identify stages of the TT (Last Positive [LP], Equivocal [EQ], and Negative [NEG]). In subsequent, randomly ordered, 30-minute steady-state runs, the running velocity was regulated solely by "clamping" the TT response desired and then monitoring the response of conventional markers of exercise intensity (heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion). All subjects were able to complete the LP stage, but only 13 of 16 and 2 of 16 subjects were able to complete the EQ and NEG stages, respectively. Physiologic responses were broadly within those predicted from the incremental exercise test and within the appropriate range of physiologic responses for exercise training. Thus, in addition to correlating with convenient physiological markers, the TT can be used proactively to guide exercise training intensity. The LP stage produced training intensities compatible with appropriate training intensity in healthy adults and with recovery sessions or long duration training sessions in athletes. The EQ and NEG stages produced intensities compatible with higher intensity training in athletes. The results demonstrate that the TT can be used as a primary method to control exercise training intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela L Woltmann
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, Wisconsin
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Riddell MC, Zaharieva DP, Yavelberg L, Cinar A, Jamnik VK. Exercise and the Development of the Artificial Pancreas: One of the More Difficult Series of Hurdles. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2015; 9:1217-26. [PMID: 26428933 PMCID: PMC4667314 DOI: 10.1177/1932296815609370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) promotes numerous health benefits for people living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, PA also complicates blood glucose control. Factors affecting blood glucose fluctuations during PA include activity type, intensity and duration as well as the amount of insulin and food in the body at the time of the activity. To maintain equilibrium with blood glucose concentrations during PA, the rate of glucose appearance (Ra) to disappearance (Rd) in the bloodstream must be balanced. In nondiabetics, there is a rise in glucagon and a reduction in insulin release at the onset of mild to moderate aerobic PA. During intense aerobic -anaerobic work, insulin release first decreases and then rises rapidly in early recovery to offset a more dramatic increase in counterregulatory hormones and metabolites. An "exercise smart" artificial pancreas (AP) must be capable of sensing glucose and perhaps other physiological responses to various types and intensities of PA. The emergence of this new technology may benefit active persons with T1D who are prone to hypo and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dessi P Zaharieva
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Loren Yavelberg
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali Cinar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Veronica K Jamnik
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, Physical Activity and Chronic Disease Unit, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Gillespie BD, McCormick JJ, Mermier CM, Gibson AL. Talk Test as a Practical Method to Estimate Exercise Intensity in Highly Trained Competitive Male Cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:894-8. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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The Graded Cycling Test Combined With the Talk Test Is Reliable for Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2014; 34:276-80. [DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Bushman BA. Determining the I (Intensity) for a FITT-VP Aerobic Exercise Prescription. ACSMS HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/fit.0000000000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rodríguez-Marroyo JA, Villa JG, García-López J, Foster C. Relationship Between the Talk Test and Ventilatory Thresholds in Well-Trained Cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27:1942-9. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182736af3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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