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Erskine NR, Hendricks S, Jones B, Salie F. Innovation in sport medicine and science: a global social network analysis of stakeholder collaboration in rugby union. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001559. [PMID: 38495958 PMCID: PMC10941163 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the network of stakeholders involved in rugby union research across the globe. Methods Using author affiliations listed on scientific publications, we identified the organisations that contributed to rugby union research from 1977 to 2022 and examine collaboration through coauthorship indicators. We determined the locations and sectors of identified organisations and constructed a collaboration network. Network metrics, including degree centrality and betweenness centrality, are computed to identify influential organisations and measure intersector collaboration. Results There is an increase in scientific knowledge creation and collaboration between organisations for rugby union research over time. Among the sectors, the university, professional sports team and sports governing body sectors exhibit the highest intersectoral and intrasectoral density. Predominantly, influential actors are located in England, Australia, France, New Zealand, Ireland and South Africa. Australian Catholic University, Leeds Beckett University, Stellenbosch University, Swansea University, University College London and the University of Cape Town emerge as influential actors between 2016 and 2022. Conclusions Our study underscores the ongoing growth of scientific knowledge generation in rugby union, primarily led by organisations in tier 1 rugby-playing nations within the university sector. Intersectoral collaboration with sports governing bodies plays a crucial role, acting as a broker between sectors. However, the overall collaboration landscape between and within sectors is low. These results highlight an opportunity for improved collaboration opportunities, as the organisations driving knowledge creation have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Erskine
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University School of Sport, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University School of Sport, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
- Premiership Rugby, London, UK
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Faatiema Salie
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
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2
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Dalamitros AA, Nikolopoulos A, Varsamidou K, Gourgoulis V, Zafeiroudi A, Loukovitis A, Clemente-Suárez VJ, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Powell C. Swimming coaches' professional development and training practices: an international survey. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1229066. [PMID: 37533584 PMCID: PMC10390787 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1229066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated swim coaches' perceptions of professional development issues and current training practices according to their coaching experience, education level, and gender. An online survey (January-April 2022) was completed by 123 swim coaches (96 male/27 female) of competitive swimmers based in 41 countries. The survey consisted of 36 questions divided into six sections: (1) background information, (2) developing swim coaching through learning, (3) self-evaluation, (4) interpersonal-intrapersonal interactions, (5) life skills, and (6) analyzing swimming performance. Pearson chi-square assessed the relationship between the frequency of responses and professional background and gender. The survey results indicated that swim coaches' educational level is potentially one of the most influential parameters affecting the coaches' perceptions about their own professional development. The data presented may be used for the future design of coach education programmes as they advance current knowledge on understanding psycho-social issues related to professional development and training perceptions involved in the competitive swimming environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios A. Dalamitros
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Nikolopoulos
- School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Katerina Varsamidou
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Gourgoulis
- School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini, Greece
| | - Aglaia Zafeiroudi
- Applied Leisure Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Andreas Loukovitis
- Laboratory of Human Studies and Sport Psychology, School of Physical Education & Sport Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | | | - Cormac Powell
- High-Performance Unit, Sport Ireland, Sport Ireland Campus, Dublin, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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3
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Hawke JJ, Bredin SSD. Examining the Preferences and Priorities of Dance Educators for Dance Science Information: A Pilot Study. J Dance Med Sci 2023:1089313X231178079. [PMID: 37300242 DOI: 10.1177/1089313x231178079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The growing field of dance medicine and science provides dance educators the opportunity to incorporate evidence-based approaches into teaching practices. Incorporating knowledge produced by dance science research into evidence-based practice can improve learning and health outcomes for dance students. Assessing the preferences and priorities of knowledge users can benefit the uptake of research into practice and ensure that research aligns with the priorities of knowledge users. Guided by the Knowledge to Action (KTA) Framework, the purpose of this study was to examine the preferences and research priorities of dance educators for receiving, accessing, and implementing dance science knowledge. A convenience sample of 97 dance educators representing a range of styles, experience, and educational settings completed an online survey. Responses indicated that dance science was important to participants' teaching practices although there was variability in which dance science topics were seen as "Absolutely Essential." Participants reported a preference for receiving dance science information through in-person methods and observations. Variability was also shown in participant responses to statements about the accessibility, format, and applicability of dance science information to teaching practices. Dance educators indicated that the easiest dance science topics to find information about were anatomy, flexibility, biomechanics, and injury prevention; dance educators also identified that more research was needed in mental health and psychology. The findings of this survey provide key considerations for factors such as accessibility, specificity, and resources that are user-friendly to inform future knowledge translation efforts tailored to dance educators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie J Hawke
- Laboratory for Knowledge Mobilization, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon S D Bredin
- Laboratory for Knowledge Mobilization, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
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4
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Andersen LW, Francis JW, Bateman M. Danish association football coaches’ perception of performance analysis. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.2012040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Winther Andersen
- AGF Fodbold, Aarhus, Denmark
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | | | - Michael Bateman
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
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5
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Practitioner, Coach, and Athlete Perceptions of Evidence-Based Practice in Professional Sport in Australia. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1728-1735. [PMID: 34000715 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine practitioners', coaches', and athletes' perceptions of evidence-based practice (EBP) in professional sport in Australia. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight participants (practitioners n = 67, coaches n = 39, and athletes n = 32) in various professional sports in Australia each completed a group-specific online questionnaire. Questions focused on perceptions of research, the contribution of participants' own experience in implementing knowledge to practice, sources, and barriers for accessing and implementing EBP, preferred methods of feedback, and the required qualities of practitioners. RESULTS All practitioners reported using EBP, while most coaches and athletes believed that EBP contributes to individual performance and preparation (>85%). Practitioners' preferred EBP information sources were "peer-reviewed journals" and "other practitioners within their sport," while athlete sources were "practitioners within their sport" and "other athletes within their sport." As primary barriers to accessing and implementing research, practitioners highlighted "time constraints," "poor research translation," and "nonapplicable research." Practitioners ranked "informal conversation" as their most valued method of providing feedback; however, coaches prefer feedback from "scheduled meetings," "online reports," or "shared database." Both athletes and coaches value "excellent knowledge of the sport," "experience," and "communication skills" in practitioners disseminating EBP. CONCLUSION Practitioners, coaches, and athletes believe in the importance of EBP to their profession, although practitioners reported several barriers to accessing and implementing research as part of EBP. Athletes place a high value on experienced practitioners who have excellent knowledge of the sport and communication skills. Collectively, these findings can be used to further stakeholder understanding regarding EBP and the role of research to positively influence athlete health.
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Alfano H, Collins D. Good practice in sport science and medicine support: practitioners’ perspectives on quality, pressure and support. MANAGING SPORT AND LEISURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23750472.2021.1918019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Alfano
- Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D. Collins
- Moray House School of Education, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Bartlett JD, Drust B. A framework for effective knowledge translation and performance delivery of Sport Scientists in professional sport. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1579-1587. [PMID: 33096969 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1842511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sport Science is considered the study and application of scientific principles and techniques to improve sporting performance. Thus, a key role of the Sport Scientist is to translate complex information into usable and contextual performance solutions for a range of different stakeholders. These stakeholders consist of athletes, coaches, recruiting, performance support, medical, administration and operations staff and have varying interests and priorities meaning the information required can be vastly different. In addition to these different needs, sport is fast-moving, diverse and complex meaning there are a number of potential translational barriers. Sport Science training programmes entail the development of technical knowledge and practical skills; however, little is considered in view of interpersonal craft skill development and knowledge translation (KT). Given the reported barriers and challenges to effective KT in sport, this lack of specific training may render KT as ineffective and suboptimal. Accordingly, in this article, we propose a framework and work-based training model with the aim of developing the KT process and performance delivery of Sport Scientists operating in professional sport. Firstly, we define the current perspectives and challenges for Sport Scientists in the context of KT, before proposing a framework that focusses on Evidence-Based-Practice, Philosophy, Recipients and Facilitation, in which Sport Scientists can use to develop their interpersonal craft and subsequent KT approach. We finish by presenting a model of sport science practitioner training; the professional sport-doctoral training programme, that combined with the framework, can be effective in developing Sport Scientists.Highlights Knowledge translation is a key component of the sport scientist's role, however, there is a lack of defined training processes on how to develop and improve knowledge translation in the context and environment of professional sport.We propose a framework that focuses on the development of sport scientist's knowledge translation capacity by emphasizing and concentrating efforts towards the main constituents of Evidence-Based Practice, Philosophy, Recipients and Facilitation.Sport science research-practitioner professional sport training models are effective in developing knowledge translation strategies through simultaneously acquiring new technical knowledge, developing practical coaching skills and evolving interpersonal craft skills that collectively work together to improve knowledge translation and organizational decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Bartlett
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Bond Institute of Health and Sport Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Barry Drust
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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8
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Cochrum RG, Conners RT, Caputo JL, Coons JM, Fuller DK, Frame MC, Morgan DW. Visual classification of running economy by distance running coaches. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:1111-1118. [PMID: 32930647 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1824020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectives: This study assessed the ability of coaches to rank-order distance runners on running economy (RE) through visual assessment. Methods: Running economy was measured in five trained recreational distance runners at a speed of 3.57 m·s-1, with a minimum VO2 difference of 2-mL.kg-1.min-1 between adjacent runners. Following measurement of RE, participants were filmed from the front, side, and rear while running on a treadmill. Endurance coaches from high school to international level (N = 121) viewed each video and ranked the runners on a scale from 1 (most economical) to 5 (least economical). Coaches also completed a demographic questionnaire and listed running style biomechanical observations they used in determining each ranking. A cumulative odds ordinal logistic regression with proportional odds was run to determine the effect of coaching level, years of coaching experience, years of training experience, competition level, certification status, and education level, on the ability of distance running coaching to accurately rank RE among a group of runners. Results: No coaching characteristic was a significant predictor of ranking accuracy, χ2 = 3.566, p = .735. Conclusions: Visual assessment of effort, based on RE, is a difficult task, even for the trained eye and could be related to difficulty in understanding the interaction effect of various RE factors or the translation of scientific-based knowledge to the field of play. Practically, coaches should be cautious when recommending biomechanical adjustments without considering the interconnected factors related to such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie G Cochrum
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Exercise Science Laboratory, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.,Department of Human Performance and Sport Science, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan T Conners
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Exercise Science Laboratory, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Caputo
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Exercise Science Laboratory, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - John M Coons
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Exercise Science Laboratory, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Dana K Fuller
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Mark C Frame
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Don W Morgan
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Exercise Science Laboratory, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
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9
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Loo JK, Francis JW, Bateman M. Athletes’ and coaches’ perspectives of performance analysis in women’s sports in Singapore. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1820174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Kyra Loo
- National Youth Sports Institute, Singapore
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | | | - Michael Bateman
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
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10
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Brackley V, Barris S, Tor E, Farrow D. Coaches' perspective towards skill acquisition in swimming: What practice approaches are typically applied in training? J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2532-2542. [PMID: 32643546 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1792703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the experiential knowledge and preferred training approaches of elite swimming coaches in regards to general skill development and then looking specifically at the freestyle stroke. A qualitative thematic analysis approach was employed to identify, analyse and report themes within the content of the collected data. Twenty elite swimming coaches participated in semi-structured interviews. Several themes revealed that the most common training practices employed to improve skill learning included the use of task decomposition (part-task) techniques. The findings also indicated that swimming coaches believe practice should be specific/representative to the intended performance outcomes. It is believed that such viewpoints may have been influenced by coaches' interaction with skill acquisition consultants and may have also shaped some coaches use of variants of constraints manipulation in their practice design. While swimming coaches seem to mix both traditional and contemporary skill acquisition theories in their training prescriptions, the traditional approach is dominant as evidenced by coaches seeking to reinforce "perfect" swimming technique and mechanical consistency. Considering coaches' experiential knowledge and training prescriptions may benefit future research protocols and better facilitate the transfer of empirical findings to coaching practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Brackley
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, Australia.,Victorian Institute of Sport , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sian Barris
- South Australian Sports Institute , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elaine Tor
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, Australia.,Victorian Institute of Sport , Melbourne, Australia
| | - Damian Farrow
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, Australia.,Australian Institute of Sport , Canberra, Australia
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Sperlich B, Wicker P. Knowledge transfer into sport practice: An empirical user analysis of a sport science website. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:753-761. [PMID: 32564669 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1775896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTransferring scientific knowledge to applied practitioners presents a challenge in sport science. Knowledge transfer, conceptualized as knowledge reuse and knowledge contribution, has mainly been studied in the context of specific topics, projects, or organizations. The purposes of this study were to investigate the determinants of knowledge transfer from a publicly available website to its users and to cluster users into different groups based on their level of knowledge transfer. The website www.sportsandscience.de is dedicated to translating evidence-based knowledge that is regularly generated in scientific studies into short and digestible information through e.g. videos and blogs, and provides opportunities for knowledge reuse and contribution. A theoretical model of knowledge transfer in organizations which was adapted to this context guided the study. Data from an online survey of registered website users were employed for the empirical analysis. The regression analyses showed that knowledge reuse is positively affected by ease of knowledge access and negatively by age. Knowledge reuse, job experience, and male gender have a significant positive effect on knowledge contribution. The findings suggest that the theoretical model is generally applicable to this context, but also highlight differences to the original organizational setting. Cluster analysis yielded three clusters: Frequent users, occasional users, and frequent contributors. Analyses of variances revealed significant differences among clusters regarding computer self-efficacy, job experience, gender, age, employment, interested sports, and conditional skills, but not concerning education and formal qualifications. Implications for improving knowledge transfer of such a website are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billy Sperlich
- Department of Sport Science, Integrative and Experimental Exercise Science, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pamela Wicker
- Department of Sports Science, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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12
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Richardson H, Collins R, Williams J. Sport science relevance and integration in horseracing: perceptions of UK racehorse trainers. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/cep190003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Whilst equestrian sport science research has expanded over recent years, and technologies to positively impact training and performance have been developed, long-standing traditions and experiential learning in the racing industry still appear to impede the integration of sport science knowledge. This study used semi-structured interviews to investigate the perceptions of eleven national hunt and flat-based racehorse trainers to determine the current status of sport science integration within the racing industry, the perceived barriers to its uptake, and areas where trainers sought further knowledge. Three key higher order themes emerged from the interviews: the current training and monitoring principles for health and fitness of racehorses, trainers’ attitudes toward sport science research, and areas for potential future research and integration of sports science in training. Subjective methods grounded in personal experience were found to form the basis of racehorse training principles, with the application of sport science minimal, namely due to poor integration strategies. Negative connotations arising from a general lack of understanding of the application of knowledge and a scepticism toward adapting already successful principles, as well as pressure from industry stakeholders, appear to create barriers to sport science uptake. Trainers felt a stronger evidence base emphasising performance benefits is needed to overcome these. Where trainers identified areas of research potential, many studies had already been undertaken, highlighting the necessity for effective dissemination strategies to demonstrate how research could apply to industry practice. Increased educational initiatives to showcase technology and improve trainer understanding and application of currently available sport science knowledge is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Richardson
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - R. Collins
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
| | - J.M. Williams
- Hartpury University, Hartpury House, GL19 3BE Gloucester, United Kingdom
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Kennedy MD, Knight CJ, Falk Neto JH, Uzzell KS, Szabo SW. Futureproofing triathlon: expert suggestions to improve health and performance in triathletes. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:1. [PMID: 31938548 PMCID: PMC6953181 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-019-0153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Given the multi-modal nature of triathlon (swimming, cycling, running), training for a triathlon event has numerous potential health benefits including physical fitness. However, triathletes also have a high prevalence of health issues including overuse injury, illness, fatigue, and burnout. To address the ongoing prevalence of health issues, roundtable discussions were organized at the International Triathlon Union Science of Triathlon 2017 conference to develop strategic objectives deemed necessary to “futureproof triathlon”. Futureproofing as a concept serves to design new approaches and ways of thinking to reduce consequences in the future. In this case, the futureproof process aimed to develop key recommendations for triathlon. Methods This qualitative study had 22 participants including athletes, coaches, practitioners, academics, and policy makers who participated in roundtable discussions at the Science of Triathlon conference. Seven of these participants completed follow-up semi-structured interviews on the same topics. The data collected from the roundtable discussions and the semi-structured interviews was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Five main themes were produced: “Critical appraisal and application of knowledge”; “Integrated approaches to developing, disseminating, and using research and expertise”; “Appropriate development and use of measures for monitoring training and recovery”; “Knowing your athletes and adopting holistic approaches to athlete/person-development”, and; “Challenging accepted cultural and sporting norms”. Participants indicated the need to reduce the knowledge gap between research and practice as well as a more collaborative approach to triathlon research development amongst coaches/practitioners and academics. It was stated that current monitoring tools require more research to determine which are most useful to informed decision making for coaches/practitioners. It was cautioned that data driven assessments should be used judiciously and be athlete centered. Triathlon as a sport should also have a greater focus on healthy participation and development of youth athletes. Conclusions A series of applied implications were developed based on these five themes as guiding principles for how to futureproof triathlon. Additionally, roundtable and interview participants who held varying positions and opinions within the sport of triathlon agreed that the unique challenge of training for and competing in a triathlon should not be forgotten in the futureproofing of the sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Kennedy
- 1Athlete Health Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, & Recreation, University of Alberta, 4-230 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Camilla J Knight
- 2School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Joao Henrique Falk Neto
- 1Athlete Health Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, & Recreation, University of Alberta, 4-230 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Katie S Uzzell
- 2School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Sara W Szabo
- 1Athlete Health Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, & Recreation, University of Alberta, 4-230 Van Vliet Complex, Edmonton, AB Canada
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14
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Fullagar HH, Harper LD, Govus A, McCunn R, Eisenmann J, McCall A. Practitioner Perceptions of Evidence-Based Practice in Elite Sport in the United States of America. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:2897-2904. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Martin SA, Hadmaș RM. Individual Adaptation in Cross-Country Skiing Based on Tracking during Training Conditions. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7090211. [PMID: 31547420 PMCID: PMC6784154 DOI: 10.3390/sports7090211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and blood pressure (BP) during specific training stages is less common in endurance athletes, whereas resting BP and HR are less studied in relationship to HRmax. In the current study, the objective was to conduct a medium-term HR, BP and MAP analysis while tracking individual training outcomes. The study was conducted during the 2017–2018 season, over 43 days and 1033 km of training volume, on 12 competitive male cross-country ski athletes. One VO2max test was performed 10 days before the start of the training program. After the test, training volume and intensity was preset for each subject, according to the general training methodology. Early morning HR, MAP and BP measurements were taken as part of the basic functional analysis. Training volume was correlated to both distance (p = 0.01, r = 0.85, CI95% = 0.80 to 0.88) and training HR%, namely the percentage of HRmax (p = 0.01, r = −0.47, CI95% = −0.58 to −0.34). Both the supine (sHR) and orthostatic HR (oHR) values were significantly correlated with the training intensity. We obtained a significant correlation between sHR and oHR values and the training objective (p = 0.01). An increased oHR was correlated to high intensity training activity (HIT) during the second training session (p = 0.01). Heart rate and blood pressure measurements represent predictive functional adaptation parameters over different training phases. We highlight a link between sHR, oHR, MAP data, and the athletes’ ability to perform in lower effort zones during physical exertion. However, we failed to validate MAP as a cardiovascular stress indicator following high intensity training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Adrian Martin
- Physiology Department, University of Medicine Pharmacy Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540139, Romania.
| | - Roxana Maria Hadmaș
- Community Nutrition and Food Hygiene Department, University of Medicine Pharmacy Science and Technology Târgu Mureș, Târgu Mureș 540139, Romania
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16
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Malone JJ, Harper LD, Jones B, Perry J, Barnes C, Towlson C. Perspectives of applied collaborative sport science research within professional team sports. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:147-155. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1492632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Malone
- School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Liam D. Harper
- Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
- Yorkshire Carnegie Rugby Union Club, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - John Perry
- Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Chris Towlson
- Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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17
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Cumming SP, Brown DJ, Mitchell S, Bunce J, Hunt D, Hedges C, Crane G, Gross A, Scott S, Franklin E, Breakspear D, Dennison L, White P, Cain A, Eisenmann JC, Malina RM. Premier League academy soccer players' experiences of competing in a tournament bio-banded for biological maturation. J Sports Sci 2017. [PMID: 28628369 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1340656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Individual differences in the growth and maturation have been shown to impact player performance and development in youth soccer. This study investigated Premier League academy players' experiences of participating in a tournament bio-banded for biological maturation. Players (N = 66) from four professional soccer clubs aged 11 and 14 years and between 85-90% of adult stature participated in a tournament. Players competed in three 11 vs 11 games on a full size pitch with 25-min halves. Sixteen players participated in four 15-min focus groups and were asked to describe their experiences of participating in the bio-banded tournament in comparison to age group competition. All players described their experience as positive and recommended the Premier League integrate bio-banding into the existing games programme. In comparison to age-group competitions, early maturing players described the bio-banded games more physically challenging, and found that they had to adapt their style of play placing a greater emphasis on technique and tactics. Late maturing players considered the games to be less physically challenging, yet appreciated the having more opportunity to use, develop and demonstrate their technical, physical, and psychological competencies. Bio-banding strategies appear to contribute positively towards the holistic development of young soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Cumming
- a Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
| | - Daniel J Brown
- a Department for Health , University of Bath , Bath , UK
| | | | | | - Dan Hunt
- c British Ski and Snowboard , London , UK
| | | | | | - Aleks Gross
- e Southampton Football Club , Southampton , UK
| | - Sam Scott
- e Southampton Football Club , Southampton , UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joey C Eisenmann
- i Department of Radiology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Robert M Malina
- j Department of Kinesiology and Health Education , University of Texas at Austin , Austin , TX , USA.,k Department of Kinesiology , Tarleton State University , Stephenville , TX , USA
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18
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Commentary on "Towards a Grand Unified Theory of sports performance". Hum Mov Sci 2017; 56:160-162. [PMID: 28483216 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Mooney R, Corley G, Godfrey A, Osborough C, Newell J, Quinlan LR, ÓLaighin G. Analysis of swimming performance: perceptions and practices of US-based swimming coaches. J Sports Sci 2015; 34:997-1005. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1085074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Abstract
The application of sport and exercise research findings to practice requires careful interpretation and integration of evidence. This paper reviews principles of evidence-based practice and the application of research in sports and exercise, in order to provide recommendations on developing appropriate application sections in research reports for sport and exercise journals. The strength of recommendations for application fall into one of four levels, with potential applications qualified as strong, limited, preliminary, or hypothesized. Specific limitations that should be discussed in framing recommendations for practice are also noted for each of these levels that should be useful for authors, and for practitioners and clinicians in interpreting these recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane Knudson
- a Department of Health and Human Performance , Texas State University , San Marcos , USA
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