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Hendricks S, Amino N, van Wyk JP, Gouttenbarge V, Mellalieu S, Schlebusch R. Inside edge - prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of anxiety/depression in professional cricketers. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:524-536. [PMID: 36284499 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2139619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to i) determine the prevalence of anxiety/depression symptoms in professional cricketers and ii) identify factors associated with symptoms of anxiety/depression. One-hundred and seventy-seven (n = 177, response rate of 76%) professional cricketers completed the General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ-12). Odd ratios (OR) for anxiety/depression symptoms were related to players' career, family and education. Prevalence of symptoms of anxiety/depression was 59% (n = 104/177). Anxiety/depression symptoms increased when players were contracted for more than 2 years (OR: 5.0; 95% CI: 1.2-21.3; p = 0.028) and if they played their last offseason overseas (OR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.3-9.6; p = 0.013). Anxiety/depression symptoms decreased by 70% when players made "productive use" of their time in the offseason (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.9; p = 0.036) and contracted for 2 years (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-1.0; p = 0.049). These findings can be incorporated into cricket mental health literacy programmes to improve awareness and understanding, and to encourage early help-seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Nur Amino
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J P van Wyk
- South African Cricketers' Association, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vincent Gouttenbarge
- Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stephen Mellalieu
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ruan Schlebusch
- South African Cricketers' Association, Cape Town, South Africa
- Sportsthink 360, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa
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Hendricks S, Tucker R, Paul L, Owen C, Badenhorst M, Brown JC, Emery CA, Stokes KA, Jones B. Applying diffusion innovation theory to evaluate the attributes of the new tackle law in rugby football codes. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2024-108376. [PMID: 38580398 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Ross Tucker
- World Rugby Limited, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lara Paul
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Marelise Badenhorst
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - James Craig Brown
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- England Rugby Football Union, London, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Premiership Rugby, London, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
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Hendricks S, Rotunno A, Gordon L, Ganda J, Zondi PC, Derman W, Holtzhausen L, Falvey ÉC, Janse van Rensburg DCC. Mass-gatherings in sport: medicine, leadership and mentorship. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2024-108377. [PMID: 38580399 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharief Hendricks
- University of Cape Town, Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Adrian Rotunno
- University of Cape Town, Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Sports Medicine Sport Science Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh Gordon
- University of Cape Town, Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Sports Medicine, Sport Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, Cape Sports Medicine Sport Science Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janesh Ganda
- WITS Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Phathokuhle Cele Zondi
- High Performance Commission, Medical Advisory Committee, South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee, Houghton, South Africa
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- International Olympic Committee (IOC) Research Centre, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Louis Holtzhausen
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Zondi PC, Patricios JS, Hendricks S. South African sport and exercise medicine: shaping health, fostering responsibility. Br J Sports Med 2024:bjsports-2024-108374. [PMID: 38569848 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon S Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Division of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
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Erskine NR, Hendricks S, Jones B, Salie F. Innovation in sport medicine and science: a global social network analysis of stakeholder collaboration in rugby union. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2024; 10:e001559. [PMID: 38495958 PMCID: PMC10941163 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the network of stakeholders involved in rugby union research across the globe. Methods Using author affiliations listed on scientific publications, we identified the organisations that contributed to rugby union research from 1977 to 2022 and examine collaboration through coauthorship indicators. We determined the locations and sectors of identified organisations and constructed a collaboration network. Network metrics, including degree centrality and betweenness centrality, are computed to identify influential organisations and measure intersector collaboration. Results There is an increase in scientific knowledge creation and collaboration between organisations for rugby union research over time. Among the sectors, the university, professional sports team and sports governing body sectors exhibit the highest intersectoral and intrasectoral density. Predominantly, influential actors are located in England, Australia, France, New Zealand, Ireland and South Africa. Australian Catholic University, Leeds Beckett University, Stellenbosch University, Swansea University, University College London and the University of Cape Town emerge as influential actors between 2016 and 2022. Conclusions Our study underscores the ongoing growth of scientific knowledge generation in rugby union, primarily led by organisations in tier 1 rugby-playing nations within the university sector. Intersectoral collaboration with sports governing bodies plays a crucial role, acting as a broker between sectors. However, the overall collaboration landscape between and within sectors is low. These results highlight an opportunity for improved collaboration opportunities, as the organisations driving knowledge creation have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie R Erskine
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University School of Sport, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University School of Sport, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
- Premiership Rugby, London, UK
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Faatiema Salie
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
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van Tonder R, Hendricks S, Starling L, Surmon S, Viviers P, Kraak W, Stokes KA, Derman W, Brown JC. Tackling the tackle 2: Evaluation of referee and player behavioural change as measures of implementation of a law variation in community-level male amateur rugby union. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:63-70. [PMID: 38030441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate player and referee behaviour during a lower tackle height law variation trial in community rugby union ('rugby'). DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS In a law variation trial in male amateur community rugby, coded match video surveillance data were analysed. Referee (sanctioning rate) and player (tackler body position) behaviour changes over one season (under the lowered, armpit-level maximum legal tackle height condition) were analysed in three approximately equal periods of the season. Secondarily, an independent professional referee reviewed illegal high tackle sanctioning data. RESULTS Overall, 108 matches with 14,780 tackles were filmed and coded. Sanctioned illegal high tackle propensity was significantly higher in the mid-season (41 sanctioned high tackles/1000 tackle events; 95 % CI: 35-47), compared with first and last periods. Upright tacklers in tackles decreased significantly in the final vs. middle period of the season (rate ratio: 0.69; 95 % CI: 0.54-0.88; p < 0.01). Of all the coder-determined high tackles also assessed as high under the new law by the independent referee, 51 % were sanctioned by the on-field referee. CONCLUSIONS Positive player and referee behavioural changes were observed during a lowered legal tackle height law variation in this community rugby setting. Increased mid-phase high tackle sanctioning by referees was followed by fewer tackles with upright tacklers in the subsequent (last) phase of the season. Encouraging positive behaviour changes of this nature, particularly if sustained (beyond trial study periods), may contribute to overall injury risk reduction, and hold considerable importance to inform future injury prevention strategies in rugby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaan van Tonder
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; IOC Research Centre, South Africa.
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, UK. https://twitter.com/sharief_h
| | - Lindsay Starling
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; World Rugby House, UK. https://twitter.com/starling_linds
| | - Sean Surmon
- Stellenbosch University, Maties Sport, South Africa. https://twitter.com/seansurmon
| | - Pierre Viviers
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Stellenbosch University Campus Health Service, South Africa; IOC Research Centre, South Africa. https://twitter.com/thematiesdoc
| | - Wilbur Kraak
- Division of Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, South Africa; Department of Sport, Recreation, and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, South Africa. https://twitter.com/Coachwilbur
| | - Keith A Stokes
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; Medical Services, Rugby Football Union, UK. https://twitter.com/drkeithstokes
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; IOC Research Centre, South Africa. https://twitter.com/wderman
| | - James Craig Brown
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, UK; IOC Research Centre, South Africa. https://twitter.com/jamesbrown06
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van Tonder R, Hendricks S, Starling L, Surmon S, Viviers P, Kraak W, Stokes KA, Derman W, Brown JC. Tackling the tackle 1: A descriptive analysis of 14,679 tackles and risk factors for high tackles in a community-level male amateur rugby union competition during a lowered tackle height law variation trial. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:57-62. [PMID: 37932203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In rugby union (rugby), the tackle is the most frequent cause of concussion and thus a target for intervention to reduce concussion incidence. The aim of this study is to describe tackle characteristics and factors associated with illegal high tackles in amateur community-level rugby during a lowered (armpit level) tackle height law variation trial. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS Video surveillance of a single season, four-league competition with coding of video data according to a predefined coding framework. Descriptive statistics of tackle detail and logistic regression was performed to analyse factors associated with high tackles. RESULTS One hundred and eight matches with 14,679 tackles and a mean of 137 (±30) tackles per match were analysed. High tackles (above armpit level) had significantly greater odds of occurring in the lower (2nd-4th) leagues (OR: 1.95; 95 % CI: 1.6-2.4; p < 0.001), front-on tackles (OR: 1.61; 95 % CI: 1.3-2.0; p < 0.001), arm tackles (OR: 1.65; 95 % CI: 1.3-2.1; p < 0.001), bent-at-waist ball carrier (OR: 1.93; 95 % CI: 1.6-2.4; p < 0.001), falling/diving ball carrier (OR: 2.21; 95 % CI: 1.6-3.1; p < 0.001), and an upright tackler (OR: 3.38; 95 % CI: 2.7-4.2; p < 0.001). A falling/diving tackler had significantly lower odds of being associated with a high tackle (OR: 0.44; 95 % CI: 0.3-0.6; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall mean tackles per match were similar to those of senior amateur and elite rugby. League, tackle type, tackle aspect, and player body positions were associated with high tackles. These findings reiterate the need for ongoing efforts to identify and implement mitigating strategies to reduce tackle-related injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaan van Tonder
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; IOC Research Centre, South Africa.
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, UK. https://twitter.com/sharief_h
| | - Lindsay Starling
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; World Rugby House, UK. https://twitter.com/starling_linds
| | - Sean Surmon
- Maties Sport, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. https://twitter.com/seansurmon
| | - Pierre Viviers
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Campus Health Service, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; IOC Research Centre, South Africa. https://twitter.com/thematiesdoc
| | - Wilbur Kraak
- Division of Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Department of Sport, Recreation, and Exercise Science, University of the Western Cape, South Africa. https://twitter.com/Coachwilbur
| | - Keith A Stokes
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, UK; Medical Services, Rugby Football Union, UK. https://twitter.com/drkeithstokes
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; IOC Research Centre, South Africa. https://twitter.com/wderman
| | - James Craig Brown
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, UK; IOC Research Centre, South Africa. https://twitter.com/jamesbrown06
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Tadmor D, Till K, Phillips G, Brown J, Fairbank L, Hendricks S, Johnston RD, Longworth T, Stokes K, Jones B. I won't let you down; why 20% of Men's and Women's Super League players underreported suspected concussions. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:688-693. [PMID: 37813720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Quantify and identify factors associated with concussion underreporting in Super League rugby league players. DESIGN Cross sectional survey. METHODS During the 2022 season preseason, 422 Men's and Women's Super League players completed an online survey quantifying player demographics, rugby playing history, concussion history, prevalence of, and reasons for underreporting concussion, concussion knowledge and long-term implications and perceptions of concussion. RESULTS Overall, 20% of respondents stated they did not report concussion-related symptoms to medical staff during the 2020 and 2021 seasons. The two most common reasons for underreporting concussion were 'didn't want to be ruled out of a match' (35%) and 'didn't want to let down team' (24%). 65% of players reported an appropriate level of knowledge about concussion and potential long-term implications at the start of their senior rugby career, versus 89% now. In relation to concussion knowledge, symptoms were correctly identified on 74% of occasions. 57% of players surveyed were concerned about the potential long-term implications from concussion, and 11% of players would encourage their/family members' children to not play rugby league. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of Super League players who did not report concussion symptoms was similar to rugby league players in Australia. The main reasons for not reporting concussion appeared to be due to perceptions of what is beneficial for the team, suggesting both performance and medical staff should collectively encourage players to report concussion. A player's attitude towards concussion is potentially an individual modifiable risk factor and should be considered within the concussion management of players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tadmor
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/danieltadmor
| | - Kevin Till
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/ktconditioning
| | - Gemma Phillips
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom; Hull Kingston Rovers, United Kingdom
| | - James Brown
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town, South Africa. https://twitter.com/jamesbrown06
| | - Laura Fairbank
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town, South Africa. https://twitter.com/sharief_h
| | - Rich D Johnston
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Australia. https://twitter.com/richjohnston88
| | - Thomas Longworth
- Sports Medicine, Eastern Suburbs Sports Medicine Centre, Australia; Medical, New South Wales Institute of Sport, Australia
| | - Keith Stokes
- Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, United Kingdom; UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), University of Bath, United Kingdom; Rugby Football Union, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/drkeithstokes
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom; Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Premiership Rugby, United Kingdom.
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Alexander F, Tucker R, Jones B, Hendricks S. X as a proxy for tackle safety culture? Sentiment analysis of social media posts on red-carded and yellow-carded tackles during the 2019 Rugby World Cup. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001756. [PMID: 37901749 PMCID: PMC10603336 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study analysed the overall sentiment of attitudes, opinions, views and emotions expressed in posts on X related to red-carded and yellow-carded tackles during the 2019 Rugby World Cup (RWC). Methods Sentiment analysis was conducted on posts on X about red or yellow cards issued at the 2019 RWC. Posts were classified as 'agree', 'disagree' and 'neutral'. The frequency of posts, red cards, yellow cards, all injuries, tackle injuries and total number of tackles per match were also synced to the 45-match playing schedule. Results Five tackle-related red cards were issued during the 2019 RWC, and 15 tackle-related yellow cards, with 337 and 302 posts identified for each card decision, respectively. For red cards, 42% of posts (n=158/377) agreed with the referee's decision, 19% (n=71/377) disagreed and 40% were neutral. For yellow cards, 24% (n=73/302) agreed with the referee's decision, 33% (n=99/302) disagreed and 43% were neutral. Conclusions For red cards, posts were 2.2 times more likely to agree with the referee's decision than disagree. Posts that agreed with a red card decision were also more likely to be shared (reposted) than posts that disagreed with a red card decision. In contrast, sentiments expressed for yellow card decisions were mixed. This may be related to interpreting the degree of danger and whether mitigation is applied. Within the ecosystem of rugby, sharing sentiments on social media plays a powerful role in creating a positive player welfare narrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdows Alexander
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Ross Tucker
- World Rugby Limited, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Premiership Rugby, London, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Pillay L, Thompson C, Tabane C, Kirby J, Hendricks S, Swart J, van Rensburg DCJ, Zondi P, Rotunno A, Bayever D. South African Institute of Drug-Free Sport Position Statement on CBD (Cannabidiol) and THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol). S Afr J Sports Med 2023; 35:v35i1a16097. [PMID: 38249774 PMCID: PMC10798604 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2023/v35i1a16097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) and Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have become easily available to athletes over the years. Using these substances may inadvertently expose an athlete to the possibility of an adverse analytical finding (a "positive" test) and a sanction. Athletes need to understand the risk of an anti-doping rule violation or adverse analytical finding should these products be used, especially if no therapeutic use exemption exists. This position statement attempts to clarify the use of CBD and THC and their associated risks with Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRV) in the athletic population. The South African Sports Medicine Association supports this position statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pillay
- South African Institute for Drug-free Sport (SAIDS), Sport Science Institute of South Africa, 4th Floor, Newlands, Cape Town,
South Africa
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), 668 Corelli Street, Les Marais Pretoria,
South Africa
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria,
South Africa
- Faculty of Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
South Africa
| | - C Thompson
- South African Institute for Drug-free Sport (SAIDS), Sport Science Institute of South Africa, 4th Floor, Newlands, Cape Town,
South Africa
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), 668 Corelli Street, Les Marais Pretoria,
South Africa
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University,
South Africa
| | - C Tabane
- South African Institute for Drug-free Sport (SAIDS), Sport Science Institute of South Africa, 4th Floor, Newlands, Cape Town,
South Africa
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), 668 Corelli Street, Les Marais Pretoria,
South Africa
| | - J Kirby
- South African Institute for Drug-free Sport (SAIDS), Sport Science Institute of South Africa, 4th Floor, Newlands, Cape Town,
South Africa
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), 668 Corelli Street, Les Marais Pretoria,
South Africa
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University,
South Africa
| | - S Hendricks
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), 668 Corelli Street, Les Marais Pretoria,
South Africa
- HPALS Research Center, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa
| | - J Swart
- South African Institute for Drug-free Sport (SAIDS), Sport Science Institute of South Africa, 4th Floor, Newlands, Cape Town,
South Africa
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), 668 Corelli Street, Les Marais Pretoria,
South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Maison du Sport International, Av. de Rhodanie 54, Lausanne,
Switzerland
- HPALS Research Center, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa
| | - DC Janse van Rensburg
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), 668 Corelli Street, Les Marais Pretoria,
South Africa
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS), Maison du Sport International, Av. de Rhodanie 54, Lausanne,
Switzerland
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria,
South Africa
| | - P Zondi
- South African Institute for Drug-free Sport (SAIDS), Sport Science Institute of South Africa, 4th Floor, Newlands, Cape Town,
South Africa
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), 668 Corelli Street, Les Marais Pretoria,
South Africa
| | - A Rotunno
- South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA), 668 Corelli Street, Les Marais Pretoria,
South Africa
- HPALS Research Center, Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa
| | - D Bayever
- South African Institute for Drug-free Sport (SAIDS), Sport Science Institute of South Africa, 4th Floor, Newlands, Cape Town,
South Africa
- Faculty of Health, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
South Africa
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11
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Eastwood D, Owen C, Phillips G, Williams S, Brown J, Gardner AJ, Hendricks S, Johnston RD, Stokes K, Tadmor D, Till K, Whitehead S, Jones B. Incidence of concussion in men's Super League, Championship, and Academy rugby league matches between 2016 and 2022. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:539-544. [PMID: 37718192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify the incidence of concussion and compare between playing levels in male rugby league. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. METHODS Between 2016 and 2022, medically diagnosed concussions in Super League, Championship, and Academy competitions were reported to the Rugby Football League via club medical staff. Anonymised data were analysed using generalised linear mixed-effects models by season, month, and between competitions. RESULTS Overall, 1403 concussions were identified from 104,209 player-match hours. Concussion incidence for Super League, Championship, and Academy was 15.5, 10.5, and 14.3 per 1000 player-match hours, respectively. Championship concussion incidence was significantly lower than the Super League (p < 0.001) and Academy (p < 0.001). No significant differences were identified between years for Super League (range: 13.3 to 18.8 per 1000 player-match hours) and Championship (range: 8.4 to 12.1 per 1000 player-match hours). In Academy (range: 9.6 to 20.5 per 1000 player-match hours), concussion incidence was significantly greater in 2021 compared to earlier years (2016, p = 0.01 and 2017, p = 0.03). No significant differences were identified between months for any competition. CONCLUSIONS The incidence of concussion is greater in Super League and Academy compared to the Championship. Academy concussion incidence has increased over time. Different factors between and within competitions, such as changes to medical standards and knowledge, could have influenced the identification and diagnosis of concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Eastwood
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, United Kingdom; Wakefield Trinity Rugby League Club, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Phillips
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom; Hull Kingston Rovers, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Williams
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, United Kingdom; UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), University of Bath, United Kingdom
| | - James Brown
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Stellenbosch University, South Africa; Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andrew J Gardner
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rich D Johnston
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Sport Performance Recovery Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | - Keith Stokes
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, United Kingdom; Rugby Football Union, United Kingdom; UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), University of Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Tadmor
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Till
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Whitehead
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom; Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Australia; Premiership Rugby, United Kingdom.
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12
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Shill IJ, West SW, Brown J, Wilson F, Palmer D, Pike I, Hendricks S, Stokes KA, Hagel BE, Emery CA. How to harness and improve on video analysis for youth rugby player safety: a narrative review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001645. [PMID: 37780130 PMCID: PMC10537827 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Video analysis is a useful tool for injury surveillance in rugby union. There are few video analysis studies in the professional female game, with most studies published in the male elite/professional settings. Moreover, there is a sparsity of literature in youth rugby settings. The following narrative review outlines the strengths and limitations of the current video analysis literature for injury surveillance in youth rugby union, highlights the importance of video analysis for youth rugby player safety and welfare, and discusses recommendations for using video analysis to inform player safety in youth rugby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isla J Shill
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen W West
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James Brown
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine (ISEM), Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fiona Wilson
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Debbie Palmer
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Sports Medicine Research Network, Institute for Sport, PE and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian Pike
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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den Hollander S, Lambert M, Davidow D, Jones B, Hendricks S. Relationships of Contact Technique in Training and Matches With Performance and Injury Outcomes in Male Rugby Union. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:982-995. [PMID: 37536673 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were 3-fold: (1) to compare technical proficiency scores between training and matches for tackling, ball-carrying, and rucking outcomes; (2) to determine the relationship between technique in training and technique in matches for tackling, ball carrying, and rucking; and (3) to determine how contact technique (in training and matches) relates to match performance and injury outcomes. Twenty-four male players from an amateur rugby union club participated in the study. At the beginning of the season, players' contact technique proficiency was assessed in a training drill. Contact technique in matches was assessed during 14 competitive matches. The technique proficiency was assessed using standardized criteria, and the outcomes of each tackle, ball carry, and ruck were recorded. In training and matches, positive performance outcomes were associated with higher contact technique proficiency scores. For instance, in both settings, tackle technique was significantly lower in missed tackles when compared to effective and ineffective tackles. Players' contact technique scores in matches also had a positive effect on their tackle performance in matches. Ball-carry technique was associated with tackle breaks in matches (P < .05, r2 = .31). In training and match environments, tackler, ball-carrier, and ruck technique scores were significantly associated with effective tackles, ball carries, and rucks. Despite the relationship between technical proficiency scores and performance, there were small to moderately higher scores in training compared with matches. The current study highlights the importance of contact skill training, in different environments and conditions, to ensure that skills developed in training are transferred to match performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve den Hollander
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
- UXI Sport, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Michael Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Demi Davidow
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds,United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds,United Kingdom
- Premiership Rugby, London,United Kingdom
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,United Kingdom
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14
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Parmley J, Jones B, Whitehead S, Rennie G, Hendricks S, Johnston R, Collins N, Bennett T, Weaving D. The speed and acceleration of the ball carrier and tackler into contact during front-on tackles in rugby league. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1450-1458. [PMID: 37925647 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2273657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to use a combination of video analysis and microtechnology (10 Hz global positioning system [GPS]) to quantify and compare the speed and acceleration of ball-carriers and tacklers during the pre-contact phase (contact - 0.5s) of the tackle event during rugby league match-play. Data were collected from 44 professional male rugby league players from two Super League clubs across two competitive matches. Tackle events were coded and subject to three stages of inclusion criteria to identify front-on tackles. 10 Hz GPS data was synchronised with video to extract the speed and acceleration of the ball-carrier and tackler into each front-on tackle (n = 214). Linear mixed effects models (effect size [ES], confidence intervals, p-values) compared differences. Overall, ball-carriers (4.73 ± 1.12 m∙s-1) had greater speed into front-on tackles than tacklers (2.82 ± 1.07 m∙s-1; ES = 1.69). Ball-carriers accelerated (0.67 ± 1.01 m∙s-2) into contact whilst tacklers decelerated (-1.26 ± 1.36 m∙s-2; ES = 1.74). Positional comparisons showed speed was greater during back vs. back (ES = 0.66) and back vs. forward (ES = 0.40) than forward vs. forward tackle events. Findings can be used to inform strategies to improve performance and player welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Parmley
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
- Premiership Rugby, London, United Kingdom
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah Whitehead
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Gordon Rennie
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Catapult Sports, Leeds, UK
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rich Johnston
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neil Collins
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| | - Thomas Bennett
- Department of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK
- Hull F.C, Hull, UK
| | - Dan Weaving
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Applied Sports Science and Exercise Testing Laboratory, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, Australia
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15
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Davidow D, Smith M, Ross T, Laura James G, Paul L, Lambert M, Jones B, Hendricks S. Mental Fatigue Impairs Tackling Technique in Amateur Rugby Union Players. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2023; 18:960-967. [PMID: 37463669 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the effects of mental fatigue (MF) on tackling technique on the dominant and nondominant shoulders in rugby union. METHODS Twenty male amateur rugby union players and a total of 953 tackles were analyzed. A randomized crossover counterbalanced design was used across a non-MF (control) and an MF condition. During each condition, each player performed 24 tackles, divided into 4 sets of 6 tackles (3 tackles on each shoulder). In the MF condition, players performed the Stroop Task between each set of tackles. A video recording of each tackle was used to evaluate each player's technical proficiency. A score of 1 point was awarded if a specific technique was performed correctly, and 0 point was given if not. The total score, measured in arbitrary units (AU) out of 11, represents the player's overall tackling proficiency. RESULTS Overall, players displayed a significantly lower technical proficiency score in the MF condition compared to control (set 2: control 7.30 [7.04-7.57] AU vs MF 6.91 [6.70-7.12] AU, P = .009, effect size (ES) = 0.30 small and set 3: control 7.34 [7.11-7.57] AU vs MF 6.88 [6.66-7.11] AU, P = .002, ES = 0.37 small). For the nondominant shoulder, players had a significantly lower technical proficiency score during the MF condition at set 2 (control 7.05 [6.68-7.41] AU vs MF 6.69 [6.42-6.96] AU, P = .047, ES = 0.29 small) and set 3 (control 7.14 [6.83-7.45] AU vs MF 6.61 [6.35-6.87] AU, P = .007, ES = 0.49 small). CONCLUSIONS MF can diminish a player's overall tackling proficiency, especially when tackling on the nondominant shoulder. The physiological mechanism for this finding may be impaired executive function and suboptimal functioning of neural signals and pathways, which result in less skillful coordination of movement. To further understand and explain MF-induced physiological changes in tackling, the feasibility of monitoring brain activity (such as electroencephalogram) and neuromuscular function (such as electromyogram) needs to be investigated. The findings from this study may also contribute to the development of more effective tackle training programs for injury prevention and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Davidow
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Mitchell Smith
- Discipline of Exercise and Sports Science, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW,Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Ourimbah, NSW,Australia
| | - Tayla Ross
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Gwyneth Laura James
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Lara Paul
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Michael Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds,United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds,United Kingdom
- Premiership Rugby, London,United Kingdom
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town,South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,United Kingdom
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Hendricks S, van Wyk JP, Player B, Schlebusch R. University and stakeholder partnerships to innovate in sport - the development of the South African Cricketers' Association (SACA) career transition screening tool. S Afr J Sports Med 2023; 35:v35i1a15218. [PMID: 38249770 PMCID: PMC10798606 DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2023/v35i1a15218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In sports, the value and mutual benefit of university-stakeholder partnerships have been well-recognised. It has been argued that cricket has a unique set of challenges compared to other team sports. In 2016, the South African Cricketers' Association (SACA) and the University of Cape Town established a partnership to (i) conduct novel research on professional cricketers and (ii) ensure SACA programmes and initiatives are informed by said research and/or the currently available literature. As the demand on professional cricketers has increased, so has the interest in their career transitioning. That is, how do professional cricketers manage stressors created by changes (or non-changes) throughout their playing careers? To help identify gaps for intervention as a cricketer transitions through their professional career, the purpose of this short report is to describe how a university-stakeholder partnership developed a career transitioning screening tool for professional cricketers in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds,
United Kingdom
| | - JP van Wyk
- South African Cricketers’ Association, Cape Town,
South Africa
| | - B Player
- South African Cricketers’ Association, Cape Town,
South Africa
| | - R Schlebusch
- South African Cricketers’ Association, Cape Town,
South Africa
- Sportsthink 360, Claremont, Cape Town,
South Africa
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17
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Hendricks S, Emery C, Jones B, Brown JC, Dane K, West SW, Stokes KA, Gray R, Tucker R. 'Tackling' rugby safety through a collective approach. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:562-563. [PMID: 37045555 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Carolyn Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Premiership Rugby, London, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Craig Brown
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kathryn Dane
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen W West
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport (UKCCIIS), University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Rugby Football Union, London, UK
| | - Richie Gray
- GSI Performance Scottish Borders, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ross Tucker
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- World Rugby, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Paul L, Isaacs N, Naidoo D, Parker N, Cantwell L, Hendricks S. Women's rugby in the South African context: challenges and opportunities. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:557-558. [PMID: 37028920 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Paul
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifetsyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Natheema Isaacs
- Stormers and Western Province Rugby Union, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifetsyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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19
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Spiegelhalter M, Scantlebury S, Heyward O, Hendricks S, Cummins C, Gardner AJ, Halkier M, McLeod S, Phillips G, Owen C, Jones B. The propensity of non-concussive and concussive head contacts during elite-level women's rugby league matches: a prospective analysis of over 14,000 tackle events. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:195-201. [PMID: 37005119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Identify the frequency, propensity, and factors related to tackle events which result in contact with the head in elite-level women's rugby league. DESIGN Prospective video analysis study. METHODS Video footage from 59 Women's Super League matches were analysed (n = 14,378 tackle events). All tackle events were coded as no head contact or head contact. Other independent variables included: area contacting head, impacted player, concussion outcome, penalty outcome, round of competition, time in match and team standard. RESULTS There were 83.0 ± 20.0 (propensity 304.0/1000 tackle events) head contacts per match. The propensity of head contact was significantly greater for the tackler than ball-carrier (178.5 vs. 125.7/1000 tackle events; incident rate ratio 1.42, 95 % confidence interval 1.34 to 1.50). Head contacts occurring from an arm, shoulder, and head occurred significantly more than any other contact type. The propensity of concussions was 2.7/1000 head contacts. There was no significant influence of team standard or time in match on the propensity of head contacts. CONCLUSIONS The observed head contacts can inform interventions, primarily focusing on the tackler not contacting the ball-carrier's head. The tackler's head should also be appropriately positioned to avoid contact with the ball-carrier's knee (highest propensity for concussion). The findings are consistent with other research in men's rugby. Law modifications and/or enforcement (reducing the number of un-penalised head contacts), concurrent with coaching interventions (optimising head placement or reducing the head being contacted) may help minimise head contact risk factors for women's rugby league.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mily Spiegelhalter
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom.
| | - Sean Scantlebury
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/SeanScants
| | - Omar Heyward
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, United Kingdom; Rugby Football Union, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/Omar_Heyward
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Division of Physiological Sciences, and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Towb, South Africa. https://twitter.com/sharief_h
| | - Cloe Cummins
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia; National Rugby League, Australia. https://twitter.com/CloeCummins
| | - Andrew J Gardner
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Matt Halkier
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/matt_halkier
| | - Shreya McLeod
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Australia; Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Australian Catholic University, Australia. https://twitter.com/SMcleod_PT
| | - Gemma Phillips
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom; Hull Kingston Rovers, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom; British Swimming, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/camowen94
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom; Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, United Kingdom; England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, United Kingdom; Division of Physiological Sciences, and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Towb, South Africa; School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Australia; Premiership Rugby, London, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/23benjones
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20
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Till K, Hendricks S, Scantlebury S, Dalton-Barron N, Gill N, den Hollander S, Kemp S, Kilding AE, Lambert M, Mackreth P, O'Reilly J, Owen C, Spencer K, Stokes K, Tee J, Tucker R, Vaz L, Weaving D, Jones B. A global perspective on collision and non-collision match characteristics in male rugby union: Comparisons by age and playing standard. Eur J Sport Sci 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36803563 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2160938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
This study quantified and compared the collision and non-collision match characteristics across age categories (i.e. U12, U14, U16, U18, Senior) for both amateur and elite playing standards from Tier 1 rugby union nations (i.e. England, South Africa, New Zealand). Two-hundred and one male matches (5911 min ball-in-play) were coded using computerised notational analysis, including 193,708 match characteristics (e.g. 83,688 collisions, 33,052 tackles, 13,299 rucks, 1006 mauls, 2681 scrums, 2923 lineouts, 44,879 passes, 5568 kicks). Generalised linear mixed models with post-hoc comparisons and cluster analysis compared the match characteristics by age category and playing standard. Overall significant differences (p < 0.001) between age category and playing standard were found for the frequency of match characteristics, and tackle and ruck activity. The frequency of characteristics increased with age category and playing standard except for scrums and tries that were the lowest at the senior level. For the tackle, the percentage of successful tackles, frequency of active shoulder, sequential and simultaneous tackles increased with age and playing standard. For ruck activity, the number of attackers and defenders were lower in U18 and senior than younger age categories. Cluster analysis demonstrated clear differences in all and collision match characteristics and activity by age category and playing standard. These findings provide the most comprehensive quantification and comparison of collision and non-collision activity in rugby union demonstrating increased frequency and type of collision activity with increasing age and playing standard. These findings have implications for policy to ensure the safe development of rugby union players throughout the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Till
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sean Scantlebury
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Red Hall, Leeds, UK
| | - Nick Dalton-Barron
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Football Association, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Gill
- Division of Health, Engineering, Computing & Science, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - Steve den Hollander
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Kemp
- Rugby Football Union, London, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew E Kilding
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mike Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Mackreth
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - John O'Reilly
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Red Hall, Leeds, UK.,British Swimming, Loughborough, UK
| | - Kirsten Spencer
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Keith Stokes
- Rugby Football Union, London, UK.,Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jason Tee
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Luis Vaz
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Dan Weaving
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK.,Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Red Hall, Leeds, UK.,Research and Rugby Development, Premier Rugby Ltd, Twickenham, UK
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21
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Anderson N, Belavy DL, Perle SM, Hendricks S, Hespanhol L, Verhagen E, Memon AR. AI did not write this manuscript, or did it? Can we trick the AI text detector into generated texts? The potential future of ChatGPT and AI in Sports & Exercise Medicine manuscript generation. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001568. [PMID: 36816423 PMCID: PMC9936276 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nash Anderson
- Tuggeranong Chiropractic Centre, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Daniel L Belavy
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Hochschule für Gesundheit, Bochum, Gesundheitscampus 6-8, Germany
| | - Stephen M Perle
- Big Data Interrogation Group, AECC University College, Bournemouth, Dorset, UK,College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Discipline of Psychology, Exercise Science, Chiropractic and Counselling, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa,Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds, UK
| | - Luiz Hespanhol
- Masters and Doctoral Programs in Physical Therapy, Universidade Cidade de São Paulo (UNICID), Sao Paulo, Brazil,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aamir R Memon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Mackay L, Jones B, Janse van Rensburg DCC, Hall F, Alexander L, Atkinson K, Baldrey P, Bedford A, Cormack S, Clarke J, Croft H, Denton K, Fox AS, Hadley P, Handyside R, Hendricks S, Kerss J, Leota L, Maddern B, McErlain-Naylor SA, Mooney M, Pyke D, Pistorius D, Ramagole DA, Ryan D, Scott F, Scott T, Snow J, Spencer K, Thirlby J, Viljoen CT, Whitehead S. Consensus on a netball video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions by the netball video analysis consensus group. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:441-449. [PMID: 36754590 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Using an expert consensus-based approach, a netball video analysis consensus (NVAC) group of researchers and practitioners was formed to develop a video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions of physical, technical and contextual aspects for netball research. The framework aims to improve the consistency of language used within netball investigations. It also aims to guide injury mechanism reporting and identification of injury risk factors. The development of the framework involved a systematic review of the literature and a Delphi process. In conjunction with commercially used descriptors and definitions, 19 studies were used to create the initial framework of key descriptors and definitions in netball. In a two round Delphi method consensus, each expert rated their level of agreement with each of the descriptors and associated definition on a 5-point Likert scale (1-strongly disagree; 2-somewhat disagree; 3-neither agree nor disagree; 4-somewhat agree; 5-strongly agree). The median (IQR) rating of agreement was 5.0 (0.0), 5.0 (0.0) and 5.0 (0.0) for physical, technical and contextual aspects, respectively. The NVAC group recommends usage of the framework when conducting video analysis research in netball. The use of descriptors and definitions will be determined by the nature of the work and can be combined to incorporate further movements and actions used in netball. The framework can be linked with additional data, such as injury surveillance and microtechnology data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lois Mackay
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,England Netball, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Divison of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculy of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.,Premiership Rugby, London, New South Wales, UK.,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Red Hall, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - Dina Christina Christa Janse van Rensburg
- Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa.,Medical Board Member, World Netball Foundation, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Karen Atkinson
- Strathclyde Sirens Netball, Glasgow, UK.,Netball Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pippa Baldrey
- England Netball, Loughborough, UK.,English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony Bedford
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia.,New Zealand Silver Ferns, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stuart Cormack
- Sports Performance, Recovery, Injury and New Technologies (SPRINT) Research Centre, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jade Clarke
- England Netball, Loughborough, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Netball, Leeds, UK
| | - Hayden Croft
- New Zealand Silver Ferns, Auckland, New Zealand.,Te Pukenga, Otago Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Katie Denton
- England Netball, Loughborough, UK.,English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Aaron S Fox
- Centre for Sport Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paige Hadley
- New South Wales Swifts Netball, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Netball Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Handyside
- Sport and Exercise, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Divison of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculy of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jim Kerss
- England Netball, Loughborough, UK.,English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Liana Leota
- England Netball, Loughborough, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Netball, Leeds, UK
| | - Bjorn Maddern
- New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Mitchell Mooney
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Pyke
- MMU Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Danielle Pistorius
- Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso A Ramagole
- Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Dan Ryan
- West Coast Fever Netball, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona Scott
- University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.,Saracens Mavericks Netball, Hatfield, UK
| | - Tannath Scott
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Netball Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie Snow
- England Netball, Loughborough, UK.,English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Kirsten Spencer
- School of Sport and Recreation, Sports Performance Research Institute, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Carel Thomas Viljoen
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sarah Whitehead
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK .,Leeds Rhinos Netball, Leeds, UK
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23
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van Tonder R, Starling L, Surmon S, Viviers P, Kraak W, Boer PH, Jordaan E, Hendricks S, Stokes KA, Derman W, Brown JC. Tackling sport-related concussion: effectiveness of lowering the maximum legal height of the tackle in amateur male rugby - a cross-sectional analytical study. Inj Prev 2023; 29:56-61. [PMID: 36600566 PMCID: PMC9887377 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2022-044714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rugby union ('rugby') is popular globally, with most of its participants being amateur. Concern regarding sport-related concussion (SRC) sustained during rugby is increasing. SRC occurs most frequently in the tackle, yet few interventions have aimed to mitigate this risk factor. This study investigated the influence of a lowered legal tackle height on SRC incidence in amateur rugby. DESIGN Cross-sectional analytical study: 2018 (control-standard tackle height) and 2019 (intervention-lowered legal tackle height) seasons. SETTING South African collegiate student rugby competition. PARTICIPANTS Between 800 and 900 male amateur student players (age: 20±1.6 years) in each year. INTERVENTION Maximum legal tackle height lowered from line of the shoulder on the ball carrier to the line of the armpit. OUTCOME MEASURES Number of overall (medical attention) and time-loss (≥1 day lost) injuries, head injuries and SRCs in 2018 and 2019 (dependent variables); events associated with injury incidents (independent variables). RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in incidences of time-loss injuries (IRR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.6 to 1.1; p=0.13), head injuries (IRR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.5 to 1.3; p=0.42) and SRC (IRR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.2; p=0.20). In 2018 and 2019, most time-loss head injuries (57%, n=43) and SRCs (55%, n=26) occurred during the tackle. CONCLUSIONS Despite a trend towards reducing injuries, head injuries and SRC, lowering maximum legal tackle height to armpit level did not change SRC incidence in this amateur male rugby cohort. Most time-loss head injuries and SRCs occurred during the tackle. Further tackle-related interventions to reduce SRC incidence require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaan van Tonder
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa .,IOC Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Sean Surmon
- Maties Sport, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pierre Viviers
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa,Campus Health Service, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wilbur Kraak
- Division of Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Pieter-Henk Boer
- Department of Human Movement Science, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Wellington, South Africa
| | - Esme Jordaan
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa,Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences and Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK,Medical Services, Rugby Football Union, London, UK
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa,IOC Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James Craig Brown
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa,IOC Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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Dane K, Foley G, Hendricks S, Wilson F. "It's always the bare minimum" - A qualitative study of players' experiences of tackle coaching in women's rugby union. J Sci Med Sport 2023; 26:149-155. [PMID: 36669901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tackle coaching forms a cornerstone of training in rugby and is designed to enhance performance and mitigate tackle injury. The athlete voice can help key stakeholders understand the psychosocial determinants that shape skill development in relation to tackle coaching. We aimed to capture player experiences of tackle coaching in women's rugby union. DESIGN Qualitative study using the grounded theory approach. METHODS Current women rugby union players, with at least 1-year senior level experience, were recruited from Europe, Africa and North America between December 2021 and March 2022 to participate in the study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed in line with grounded theory coding procedures. RESULTS The 21 players were aged 20-48 years with a mean 10.6 years of rugby playing experience. Analysis revealed that the experiences of tackle coaching that shaped women's tackle skill development and sense of preparedness ranged from constraining to empowering, and gender was a pivotal influence in creating meaning. Participants expected and accepted the bare minimum in tackle coaching as the price that they had to pay for inclusion in rugby. CONCLUSIONS Participants' experiences of tackle coaching were entangled in inequitable club structures and cultures where men's rugby is the norm. Empowering tackle coaching in women's rugby union must be bespoke to the given context and the needs of women players. The recommendations offered in this paper encourage discussion as to how best to empower women's tackle development in rugby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Dane
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. https://twitter.com/kathryndane2
| | - Geraldine Foley
- Discipline of Occupational Therapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Health, Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa; Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. https://twitter.com/Sharief_H
| | - Fiona Wilson
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. https://twitter.com/fionawilsonf
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25
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Hopkinson M, Nicholson G, Rennie G, Sawczuk T, Owen C, Hendricks S, Fitzpatrick A, Naylor A, Robertson C, Jones B. Are rugby league players involved in more tackles than normal, prior to an injury sustained during a tackle event? J Sports Sci 2023; 40:2517-2523. [PMID: 36717777 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2172418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rugby league has a relatively high injury risk, with the tackle having the greatest injury propensity. The number of tackles players engage in, prior to injurious tackles may influence injury risk, which has yet to be investigated. Therefore, this study investigated if rugby league players are involved in more tackles (as either tackler or ball carrier) (i) in the 10 minutes, or (ii) 1-min periods prior to an injurious tackle-event, (iii) differences for ball carriers vs. tacklers, and (iv) forwards vs. backs. Video analysis was utilised to quantify the number and rate of tackles in the 10-min periods prior to 61 tackle-related injuries. One thousand two hundred and eighty 10-min periods where players were not injured, were used as matched-controls. Generalized mixed linear models were used to analyse mean total and rate for tackles. Injured players were involved in significantly fewer tackles during the 10-min period, yet significantly more tackles during the final minute prior to the injurious tackle-event, compared to non-injured players. There were no differences between ball carriers vs. tacklers during the 10-min period. Both injured position groups were involved in significantly more tackles in the final minute. Additional match data sources are needed to further inform injury preventive strategies of tackle events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Hopkinson
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Gareth Nicholson
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Gordon Rennie
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Catapult Sports, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas Sawczuk
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Red Hall, Leeds, UK
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna Fitzpatrick
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Adam Naylor
- Faculty of Health, The University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
| | | | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Red Hall, Leeds, UK.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, Australia.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League club, Leeds, UK
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26
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Davidow D, Watson M, Lambert M, Jones B, Smith M, Kraak W, Hendricks S. Video-based technical feedback and instruction improves tackling technique of community rugby union players. Eur J Sport Sci 2023:1-10. [PMID: 36533306 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2160937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to test the change and retention of player's overall tackling technique and technical components following a player-specific video-based technical feedback and instruction intervention on both their dominant and non-dominant shoulders. Twenty-four (n = 24) rugby union players participated in a non-randomized control-intervention, which consisted of a video-based technical feedback and instruction group (video-based technical feedback) and a no video-based technical feedback and instruction group (control). During 3 sessions (baseline, intervention, retention) separated by one week, participants in each group performed six tackles (3 tackles on each shoulder) on a tackle simulator. In total, 432 tackles (video-based technical feedback = 216, control = 216) were analysed. Each tackle was analysed using a standardized list of technical criteria (arbitrary units, AU). For the dominant shoulder, tackling technique scores significantly improved from baseline to intervention for both groups. For the non-dominant shoulder, only the video-based technical feedback group improved their tackling technique from baseline to intervention (baseline 6.89 [6.33-7.45] AU vs. intervention 7.72 [7.35-8.10] AU p = .001, ES = 0.60 moderate). For the retention session, the video-based technical feedback group scored significantly higher than the control group, for dominant (video-based technical feedback 8.00 [7.60-8.40] AU vs. control 7.22 [6.83-7.62] AU p = .014, ES = 0.66 moderate) and non-dominant (video-based technical feedback 8.11 [7.81-8.41] AU vs. control 7.22 [6.90-7.55] p = .004, ES = 0.96 moderate) tackles. This study demonstrates the efficacy of video-based technical feedback as a method to optimize tackle training for player safety and performance. HIGHLIGHTSVideo-based technical feedback can improve tackling technique in both dominant and non-dominant shoulders.Video-based technical feedback group continued to improve following a retention interval of one week.The video-based technical feedback group showed a significant (with a moderate effect size) improvement from baseline for two techniques - namely, "body position - upright to low" and "drive through contact with legs and shoulders".Video-based technical feedback can be used as a method to optimize tackle training for injury prevention and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Davidow
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mikeala Watson
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mike Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Public & Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute Health and Care Research, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - Mitchel Smith
- Exercise and Sports Science, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia.,Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wilbur Kraak
- Division of Sport Science, Department of Exercise, Sport and Lifestyle Medicine, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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27
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Anderson N, Robinson DG, Verhagen E, Fagher K, Edouard P, Rojas-Valverde D, Ahmed OH, Jederström M, Usacka L, Benoit-Piau J, Foelix CG, Akinyi Okoth C, Tsiouti N, Moholdt T, Pinheiro L, Hendricks S, Hamilton B, Magnani R, Badenhorst M, Belavy DL. Under-representation of women is alive and well in sport and exercise medicine: what it looks like and what we can do about it. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001606. [PMID: 37200777 PMCID: PMC10186450 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nash Anderson
- Tuggeranong Chiropractic Centre, Fadden, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Diana Gai Robinson
- Sydney Sportsmed Specialists, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine, Notre Dame University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centers – Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Fagher
- Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pascal Edouard
- Department of Clinical and Exercise Physiology, Sports Medicine Unit, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Etienne, France
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Lyon 1, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Biology (EA 7424), Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Daniel Rojas-Valverde
- Sport Injury Clinic (Rehab&Readapt), Human Movement Sciences and Quality of Life School (CIEMHCAVI), National University of Costa Rica, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- Physiotherapy Department, University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Moa Jederström
- Athletics Research Center (ARC), Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences (HMV), Linköping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Laila Usacka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Justine Benoit-Piau
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Medicine and Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Carole Akinyi Okoth
- National Spinal Injury Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
- Ministry of Health, Narobi, Kenya
- Medical Commission, Nairobi, Kenya
- National Olympic Committee of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenya Hockey Union, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nefeli Tsiouti
- Project Breakalign, Nicosia, Cyprus
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Engomi, Cyprus
| | - Trine Moholdt
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norweigan University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Women's Clinic, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Larissa Pinheiro
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Department of Human Biology, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds, UK
| | - Blair Hamilton
- Centre for Stress and Age Related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Rina Magnani
- School of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, State University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Marelise Badenhorst
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel L Belavy
- Hochschule für Gesundheit, Germany; Department of Applied Health Sciences, Gesundheitscampus 6-8, Bochum, Germany
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28
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Geldenhuys AG, Burgess T, Roche S, Hendricks S. Return to rugby following musculoskeletal injuries: A survey of views, practices and barriers among health and sport practitioners. Phys Ther Sport 2023; 59:49-59. [PMID: 36508771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING Returning rugby players to the sport following musculoskeletal injuries is a multi-factorial and challenging process. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among health and sport practitioners involved with injured rugby players in South Africa. OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME MEASURES The views, current practices and barriers encountered by health and sport practitioners during return to rugby were investigated using a self-developed online survey. RESULTS 64 practitioners participated in the survey including physiotherapists, orthopaedic surgeons, biokineticists and sports physicians. Return to sport (RTS) protocols were considered important, however, participants also indicated that they were slightly more likely to use anecdotal protocols compared to published protocols. Time frames, stages of healing, pain and subjective ratings along with functional outcome measures (such as range of motion, muscle function and proprioception) and sport-specific skills were rated as important and commonly utilised in different RTS phases (i.e., return to non-contact, return to contact and return to matches). The most commonly perceived barriers encountered were related to lack of access and time-constraints. CONCLUSION Return to rugby guidelines with consideration of a broad range of criteria and common barriers encountered should be developed to facilitate safe, practical and time-efficient return to rugby following musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grethe Geldenhuys
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Theresa Burgess
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephen Roche
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Institute for Sport Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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29
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McCormack S, Till K, Wenlock J, Whitehead S, Stokes KA, Bitcon M, Brown J, Cross M, Davies P, Falvey ÉC, Flahive S, Gardner A, Hendricks S, Johnston R, Mellalieu SD, Parmley J, Phillips G, Ramirez C, Stein J, Scantlebury S, West SW, Jones B. Contributors to negative biopsychosocial health or performance outcomes in rugby players (CoNBO): a systematic review and Delphi study protocol. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001440. [PMID: 36249486 PMCID: PMC9557262 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of contributors that can result in negative player outcomes in sport and the feasibility and barriers to modifying these to optimise player health and well-being have yet to be established. Within rugby codes (rugby league, rugby union and rugby sevens), within male and female cohorts across playing levels (full-time senior, part-time senior, age grade), this project aims to develop a consensus on contributors to negative biopsychosocial outcomes in rugby players (known as the CoNBO study) and establish stakeholder perceived importance of the identified contributors and barriers to their management. This project will consist of three parts; part 1: a systematic review, part 2: a three-round expert Delphi study and part 3: stakeholder rating of feasibility and barriers to management. Within part 1, systematic searches of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL) will be performed. The systematic review protocol is registered with PROSPERO. Studies will be searched to identify physical, psychological and/or social factors resulting in negative player outcomes in rugby. Part 2 will consist of a three-round expert Delphi consensus study to establish additional physical, psychological and/or social factors that result in negative player outcomes in rugby and their importance. In part 3, stakeholders (eg, coaches, chief executive officers and players) will provide perceptions of the feasibility and barriers to modifying the identified factors within their setting. On completion, several manuscripts will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals. The findings of this project have worldwide relevance for stakeholders in the rugby codes. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022346751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam McCormack
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
| | - Kevin Till
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League club, Leeds, UK
| | - Jessica Wenlock
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League club, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Whitehead
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK,Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | | | - James Brown
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Éanna C Falvey
- World Rugby Limited, Dublin, Ireland,College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew Gardner
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,Sydney School of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Rich Johnston
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australia Catholic University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen D Mellalieu
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University—Cyncoed Campus, Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - James Parmley
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Gemma Phillips
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK,Hull Kingston Rovers Rugby League club, Hull, UK
| | - Carlos Ramirez
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,Scottich Rugby Union, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joshua Stein
- National Rugby League, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sean Scantlebury
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen W West
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League club, Leeds, UK,Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Dykun I, Hendricks S, Babinets O, Al-Rashid F, Totzeck M, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA. Association of lipoprotein(a) levels with all-cause mortality following percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Although lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a causal genetic risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the prognostic value of elevated Lp(a) in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients is inconsistent in previous studies. The precise impact of Lp(a) itself on all-cause mortality in addition to the changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels remains uncertain.
Purpose
We tested the hypothesis that Lp(a) levels in CAD patients is associated with long-term mortality, and such an association can by modified by LDL-C levels.
Methods
The present analysis is based on the longitudinal ECAD registry of consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography with percutaneous revascularization therapy at the West German Heart and Vascular Center between 2004 and 2019. Lp(a) was quantified at hospital admission using a particle-enhanced immunonephelometric method. The incidence of death due to any cause was evaluated during follow-up. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the association between Lp(a) and all-cause mortality, adjusting for age, sex, LDL-C, smoking status, and family history of premature cardiovascular disease.
Results
Among 4941 patients (mean age 66.4±11.5 years, 77.8% male), median Lp(a) was 16 (7; 56) mg/dL and 1817 (36.8%) patients had elevated Lp(a) levels (≥30 mg/dl). During a median follow-up 3.1 years, 604 patients (12.2%) died. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, elevated Lp(a) was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (Hazard ratio (HR): 1.23, [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04; 1.45] p=0.01). When stratified by LDL-C category, only patients with LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL showed a significant association between Lp(a) and higher all-cause mortality (HR: 1.47; [1.16, 1.19], p<0.001), whereas Lp(a) levels were not linked with adverse prognosis, if LDL was better controlled (LDL<100mg/dl: 1.00; [0.79, 1.26], p=0.98).
Conclusions
In a large longitudinal registry cohort of patients with CAD undergoing invasive coronary angiography, elevated Lp(a) was associated with increased long-term mortality. LDL-C control seem to interact with the impact of Lp(a) levels on the patient's prognosis following percutaneous revascularization therapy.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dykun
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - S Hendricks
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - O Babinets
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - F Al-Rashid
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - M Totzeck
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - T Rassaf
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - A A Mahabadi
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
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31
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Dykun I, Hendricks S, Babinets O, Al-Rashid F, Totzeck M, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA. Hemoglobin A1c and long-term mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography: the ECAD registry. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.1168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reflects long-time glycemic control and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. The precise impact of HbA1c itself on the all-cause mortality in addition to the control of other cardiovascular risk factors remains uncertain.
Purpose
We tested the hypothesis that HbA1c levels associate with long-term mortality.
Methods
The present analysis is based on the longitudinal ECAD registry of consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography with percutaneous coronary intervention at the West German Heart and Vascular Center between 2004 and 2019. HbA1c was quantified at hospital admission using standardized enzymatic methods. The incidence of death due to any cause was evaluated during follow-up. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the association of HbA1c with incident mortality, adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking status, and family history of premature cardiovascular disease. In addition to the analysis on HbA1c as continuous variable, the association of HbA1c-groups (≤10th percentile, >10th-<25th percentile, 25th-<50th percentile, 50th-<75th percentile, 75th-<90th percentile, and ≥90thpercentile) with incident mortality was determined using HbA1c >10th-<25th percentile as reference.
Results
Among 4700 patients, mean age was 66.1±11.4 years and 77.1% were men. Mean HbA1c was 6.3±1.2%. During a median follow-up of 3.0 years, 558 patients (8.4%) died. In multivariable analysis, higher HbA1c levels were independently associated with all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.15 [1.06, 1.25] per 1 standard deviation change in HbA1c, p<0.001). Using HbA1c >5.3–5.6% as reference, we observed a U-shaped event rate for different HbA1c groups (≤5.3%: 1.69 [1.20; 2.37], p=0.003; >5.6–5.9%: 0.95 [0.68; 1.63], p=0.8, >5.9–6.6%: 1.19 [0.87; 1.61], p=0.3, >6.6–7.8: 1.66 [1.18; 2.35], p=0.004, >7.8%: 2.04 [1.43; 2.9], p<0.001).
Conclusions
In a large longitudinal registry cohort of patients following percutaneous coronary intervention, we observe a U-shaped association of HbA1c levels with long-term mortality with best prognosis of patients in the range of HbA1c levels between 5.3 and 5.9%.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dykun
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - S Hendricks
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - O Babinets
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - F Al-Rashid
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - M Totzeck
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - T Rassaf
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
| | - A A Mahabadi
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center , Essen , Germany
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32
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Paul L, Davidow D, James G, Ross T, Lambert M, Burger N, Jones B, Rennie G, Hendricks S. Tackle Technique and Changes in Playerload™ During a Simulated Tackle: An Exploratory Study. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:383-393. [PMID: 36157385 PMCID: PMC9459770 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In collision sports, the tackle has the highest injury incidence, and is key to a successful performance. Although the contact load of players has been measured using microtechnology, this has not been related to tackle technique. The aim of this study was to explore how PlayerLoad™ changes between different levels of tackling technique during a simulated tackle. Nineteen rugby union players performed twelve tackles on a tackle contact simulator (n = 228 tackles). Each tackle was recorded with a video-camera and each player wore a Catapult OptimEyeS5. Tackles were analysed using tackler proficiency criteria and split into three categories: Low scoring(≤5 Arbitrary units (AU), medium scoring(6 and 7AU) and high scoring tackles(≥8AU). High scoring tackles recorded a higher PlayerLoad™ at tackle completion. The PlayerLoad™ trace was also less variable in the high scoring tackles. The variability in the PlayerLoad™ trace may be a consequence of players not shortening their steps before contact. This reduced their ability to control their movement during the contact and post-contact phase of the tackle and increased the variability. Using the PlayerLoad™ trace in conjunction with subjective technique assessments offers coaches and practitioners insight into the physical-technical relationship of each tackle to optimise tackle skill training and match preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Paul
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Demi Davidow
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gwyneth James
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tayla Ross
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mike Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Burger
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Gordon Rennie
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
- Catapult Sports, Melbourne
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Jones B, Tooby J, Weaving D, Till K, Owen C, Begonia M, Stokes KA, Rowson S, Phillips G, Hendricks S, Falvey ÉC, Al-Dawoud M, Tierney G. Ready for impact? A validity and feasibility study of instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:bjsports-2022-105523. [PMID: 35879022 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess the validity and feasibility of current instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) and associated systems. METHODS Phase I; four iMG systems (Biocore-Football Research Inc (FRI), HitIQ, ORB, Prevent) were compared against dummy headform laboratory criterion standards (25, 50, 75, 100 g). Phase II; four iMG systems were evaluated for on-field validity of iMG-triggered events against video-verification to determine true-positives, false-positives and false-negatives (20±9 player matches per iMG). Phase III; four iMG systems were evaluated by 18 rugby players, for perceptions of fit, comfort and function. Phase IV; three iMG systems (Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, Prevent) were evaluated for practical feasibility (System Usability Scale (SUS)) by four practitioners. RESULTS Phase I; total concordance correlation coefficients were 0.986, 0.965, 0.525 and 0.984 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Phase II; different on-field kinematics were observed between iMGs. Positive predictive values were 0.98, 0.90, 0.53 and 0.94 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Sensitivity values were 0.51, 0.40, 0.71 and 0.75 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Phase III; player perceptions of fit, comfort and function were 77%, 6/10, 55% for Biocore-FRI, 88%, 8/10, 61% for HitIQ, 65%, 5/10, 43% for ORB and 85%, 8/10, 67% for Prevent. Phase IV; SUS (preparation-management) was 51.3-50.6/100, 71.3-78.8/100 and 83.8-80.0/100 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ and Prevent. CONCLUSION This study shows differences between current iMG systems exist. Sporting organisations can use these findings when evaluating which iMG system is most appropriate to monitor head acceleration events in athletes, supporting player welfare initiatives related to concussion and head acceleration exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
- Leeds Rhinos, Leeds, UK
- Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Division of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Tooby
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Dan Weaving
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Kevin Till
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos, Leeds, UK
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Begonia
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | - Steven Rowson
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Gemma Phillips
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
- Hull Kingston Rovers, Hull, UK
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Division of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Éanna Cian Falvey
- World Rugby, World Rugby, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marwan Al-Dawoud
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Dane K, Simms C, Hendricks S, West SW, Griffin S, Nugent FJ, Farrell G, Mockler D, Wilson F. Physical and Technical Demands and Preparatory Strategies in Female Field Collision Sports: A Scoping Review. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1173-1182. [PMID: 35767989 DOI: 10.1055/a-1839-6040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Women's participation in field collision sports is growing worldwide. Scoping reviews provide an overview of scientific literature in a developing area to support practitioners, policy, and research priorities. Our aim is to explore published research and synthesise information on the physical and technical demands and preparation strategies of female field collision sports. We searched four databases and identified relevant published studies. Data were extracted to form (1) a numerical analysis and (2) thematic summary. Of 2318 records identified, 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Physical demands were the most highly investigated (n+=+24), followed by technical demands (n+= 18), tactical considerations (n+=+8) and preparatory strategies (n=1). The key themes embody a holistic model contributing to both performance and injury prevention outcomes in the context of female field collision sports. Findings suggest a gender data gap across all themes and a low evidence base to inform those preparing female athletes for match demands. Given the physical and technical differences in match-demands the review findings do not support the generalisation of male-derived training data to female athletes. To support key stakeholders working within female field collision sports there is a need to increase the visibility of female athletes in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Dane
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciaran Simms
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin School of Engineering, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Cape Town and the Sports Science Institute of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.,Health, Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory, South Africa.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Leeds Beckett University Institute for Sport Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Stephen W West
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Steffan Griffin
- Centre for Sport and Exercise, University of Edinburgh Institute for Sport Physical Education and Health Sciences, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.,Medical services, Rugby Football Union, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Frank J Nugent
- Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department, University of Limerick Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Limerick, Ireland.,Sport and Human Performance Research Cluster, University of Limerick, Health Research Institute, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Garreth Farrell
- Department of Physiotherapy, Leinster Rugby, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mockler
- John Stearne Library, University of Dublin Trinity College School of Medicine John Stearne Medical Library, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona Wilson
- Trinity College Dublin School of Medicine, Discipline of Physiotherapy, Dublin, Ireland
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Janse van Rensburg DC(C, Hendricks S. Keep moving: overcoming physical, mental and pandemic challenges to stay active. Br J Sports Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Paul L, Naughton M, Jones B, Davidow D, Patel A, Lambert M, Hendricks S. Quantifying Collision Frequency and Intensity in Rugby Union and Rugby Sevens: A Systematic Review. Sports Med Open 2022; 8:12. [PMID: 35050440 PMCID: PMC8776953 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-021-00398-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Collisions in rugby union and sevens have a high injury incidence and burden, and are also associated with player and team performance. Understanding the frequency and intensity of these collisions is therefore important for coaches and practitioners to adequately prepare players for competition. The aim of this review is to synthesise the current literature to provide a summary of the collision frequencies and intensities for rugby union and rugby sevens based on video-based analysis and microtechnology. Methods A systematic search using key words was done on four different databases from 1 January 1990 to 1 September 2021 (PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science). Results Seventy-three studies were included in the final review, with fifty-eight studies focusing on rugby union, while fifteen studies explored rugby sevens. Of the included studies, four focused on training—three in rugby union and one in sevens, two focused on both training and match-play in rugby union and one in rugby sevens, while the remaining sixty-six studies explored collisions from match-play. The studies included, provincial, national, international, professional, experienced, novice and collegiate players. Most of the studies used video-based analysis (n = 37) to quantify collisions. In rugby union, on average a total of 22.0 (19.0–25.0) scrums, 116.2 (62.7–169.7) rucks, and 156.1 (121.2–191.0) tackles occur per match. In sevens, on average 1.8 (1.7–2.0) scrums, 4.8 (0–11.8) rucks and 14.1 (0–32.8) tackles occur per match. Conclusions This review showed more studies quantified collisions in matches compared to training. To ensure athletes are adequately prepared for match collision loads, training should be prescribed to meet the match demands. Per minute, rugby sevens players perform more tackles and ball carries into contact than rugby union players and forwards experienced more impacts and tackles than backs. Forwards also perform more very heavy impacts and severe impacts than backs in rugby union. To improve the relationship between matches and training, integrating both video-based analysis and microtechnology is recommended. The frequency and intensity of collisions in training and matches may lead to adaptations for a “collision-fit” player and lend itself to general training principles such as periodisation for optimum collision adaptation. Trial Registration PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020191112. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-021-00398-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Paul
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. .,Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Mitchell Naughton
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.,Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK.,England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| | - Demi Davidow
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amir Patel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, African Robotics unit, University of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Mike Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Pillay L, Patricios J, Janse van Rensburg DC, Saggers R, Ramagole D, Viviers P, Thompson C, Hendricks S. Recommendations for the return of spectators to sport stadiums: A South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA) position statement – Part 4. SA J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
All sports were discontinued in 2020 with the arrival of COVID-19. Since then most have been reinstated, albeit without spectators. However, several countries have put together a number of different risk-mitigating strategies to allow spectators back into stadiums. This position statement gives an outline of the minimum requirements that should be considered upon the return of spectators at live sporting events.
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38
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Pillay L, Patricios J, Janse van Rensburg DC, Saggers R, Ramagole D, Viviers P, Thompson C, Hendricks S. Recommendations for athletes and COVID-19 vaccinations: A South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA) position statement – Part 3. SA J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic initially led to the shutdown of all sport at a high cost to both the economy and athlete health. As risk-mitigating protocols evolved and were implemented, the playing of sport returned slowly to normal. The introduction of COVID-19 vaccinations enhances the means of protection and risk management for all. This South African Sports Medicine Association position statement provides recommendations for the vaccination of athletes.
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Karout M, Dykun I, Hendricks S, Balcer B, Al-Rashid F, Totzeck M, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA. Positive family history of premature coronary artery disease and long-term mortality in patients undergoing conventional coronary angiography. The ECAD registry. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The clinical value of positive family history of premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in risk prediction of cardiovascular diseases is controversial. While an association with risk factors and disease manifestation has been described in observational studies, it is not implemented in clinically established risk algorithms.
Purpose
We evaluated the association of positive family history of premature CAD with cardiovascular risk factors, presence of obstructive CAD, and long-term mortality.
Methods
The present analysis is based on the ECAD registry of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography at the Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine at the University Clinic Essen between 2004 and 2019. For this analysis, we excluded all patients with missing follow-up information. Self-reported family history of premature CAD was categorized as positive, negative, or unknown. Baseline characteristics and presence of obstructive CAD were compared between patient with and without positive family history. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the association of positive family history with morality.
Results
Overall, data from 33,865 patient admissions (mean age: 65.0±13.1 years, 69% male) were included. Positive family history was present in 4,995 (14.8%) patients, negative family history in 17,806 patients (52.6%), while family history of premature CAD was unknown in 11,064 (32.7%) patients. Patients with positive family history were significantly younger (63.6±12.4 vs. 65.9±13.3 years, p<0.0001), more frequently had diabetes (11.4 vs. 9.3%, p<0.0001), and more frequently were active smokers (23.5 vs. 13.8%, p<0.0001). Obstructive CAD with need for revascularization therapy was more frequently present in patients with positive family history (36.2 vs. 30.2%, p<0.0001), while highest rate of obstructive CAD was observed in patients without known status regarding family history (37.9%, p<0.0001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, known positive family history as compared to no family history of premature CAD was associated with best long-term survival (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.65 [0.59–0.70], p<0.0001), while slightly higher mortality was observed for patients with unknown status (1.14 [1.08–1.21], p<0.0001). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed, that patients with unknown family status regarding premature disease had worst short to intermediate-term survival (figure 1).
Conclusion
Positive family history of premature CAD is associated with younger age, higher rates of smoking and diabetes, and higher frequency of obstructive coronary artery disease, while long-term survival was improved as compared to patients without family history of premature CAD. In contrast, patients with unknown status regarding family history of CAD seem to represent a heterogeneous cohort and may qualify for intensified workup, as they have highest rates of obstructive CAD and poorest short- to intermediate survival.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1. Survival by status of family history
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karout
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - I Dykun
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - S Hendricks
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - B Balcer
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - F Al-Rashid
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - M Totzeck
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - T Rassaf
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - A A Mahabadi
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
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Hinrichs L, Hendricks S, Dykun I, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA, Totzeck M. Increased long-term mortality in patients with type 2 myocardial infarction, data from the ECAD registry. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The characterization of five different clinical types of acute myocardial infarction (MI) was recently updated in 2018. Type 1 MI is caused by plaque rupture leading to an acute atherothrombotic coronary event. Type 2 MI is an entity where a condition other than coronary artery disease leads to a critical imbalance between oxygen supply and demand. There exist controversial data about the prognosis of patients with type 2 MI. While some studies have shown that type 2 MI is associated with higher mortality rates compared to type 1 MI, other trials revealed comparable mortality rates after multivariate adjustment.
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to compare the mortality rates of patients without MI with patients, which presented with type 1 and type 2 MI.
Methods
The present analysis is a longitudinal registry analysis based on the Essen Registry of Coronary Artery Disease (ECAD registry) of patients undergoing coronary angiography at the West German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, at the University Hospital Essen between 2004 and 2019. Type 1 MI was defined as a significant increased troponin level (Siemens Troponin I (Dimension) >0,1 ng/ml and Troponin I Ultra (Centaur) >40 ng/l) and coronary stenosis requiring intervention. Type 2 MI was defined as a significant troponin increase without percutaneous coronary intervention. During follow up, the all-cause mortality of patients without MI and patients with type 1 and 2 MI was investigated. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the association of type 1 and 2 MI with all-cause mortality. Multivariable adjustment was performed for age, sex, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, family history of coronary artery disease and nicotine abuse.
Results
Overall, data from 18,286 coronary angiography exams (mean age 65.3±13.0 years, 71.6% male) were included in our analysis. 14,883 patients (81.3%) had no MI, 1,699 patients (9.3%) presented with type 1 MI and 1,704 patients (9.3%) presented with type 2 MI. During a mean follow-up of 3.4±3.6 years, 3321 deaths occurred (18.2%). Compared to patients without MI (16.1%), patients with type 1 MI (25.2%) and type 2 MI (29.1%) had significant higher mortality rates (p= <0.0001). In Cox unadjusted and multivariable adjusted regression analysis, Type 1 MI (Hazard ratio [standard deviation]: 1.42 [1.14–1.76], p=0.0015) and type 2 MI (2.326 [1.91–2.84], p= <0.0001) were significantly associated with an increased all-cause mortality compared to patients without MI. Kaplan-Meier analysis confirmed the lowest survival rates for patients with type 2 MI (Figure 1).
Conclusion
In this large longitudinal registry cohort of patients undergoing invasive coronary angiography, type 2 MI was associated with impaired long-term survival. Prospective studies are required to determine risk stratification for these high-risk populations.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Figure 1
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hinrichs
- University hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - I Dykun
- University hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - T Rassaf
- University hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - M Totzeck
- University hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Roggel A, Hendricks S, Dykun I, Balcer B, Al-Rashid F, Risse J, Kill C, Totzeck M, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA. Regional wall motion abnormalities predict culprit lesions in patients presenting with acute chest pain. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Current ESC guidelines for non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction suggest the utilization of echocardiography in patients with inconclusive initial electrocardiography and cardiac enzymes. Besides detection of alternative pathologies associated with chest pain, echocardiography can screen for wall motion abnormalities (WMA) as sign of myocardial necrosis.
Purpose
We evaluated the ability of the assessment of regional WMA, detected via transthoracic echocardiography, to predict the presence of culprit lesions in patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department.
Methods
In this prospective single-centre observational cohort study, we included consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department of our University Hospital with acute chest pain, suggestive of an acute coronary syndrome, between December 2018 and August 2020. Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, hemodynamic instability, or known coronary artery disease were excluded. As part of initial workup, patients received bedside echocardiography for the assessment of regional WMA by a dedicated study physician, blinded to all patients' characteristics. The primary endpoint was defined as the presence of culprit lesions as detected in subsequent invasive coronary angiography, requiring coronary revascularization therapy. Logistic regression analysis was performed in different models adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, cardiac biomarkers as well as established risk scores. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated to assess a potential improvement in the prediction of culprit lesions.
Results
Overall, 657 patients (age 58.06±18.04 years, 53% male) were included in our study. WMA were detected in 76 patients (11.6%). Patients with WMA were older (66.92±13.85 vs. 56.90±18.21 years, p<0.001), had significantly higher Troponin-levels (18.5 [6.0; 91.5] vs. 6.0 [6.0; 15.0], p<0.001) and higher blood pressure (139.0±19.29 vs. 135.1±19.21, p=0.04). WMA were significantly more frequent in patients reaching the primary endpoint (26.2% vs. 7.6%, p<0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, the presence of WMA was associated with 3-fold increased odds of the presence of culprit lesions (3.41 [1.99–5.86], p<0.001). Adding WMA to a multivariable model containing the TIMI risk score, cardiac biomarkers and traditional risk factors significantly improved the AUC for prediction of obstructive coronary artery disease (0.777 to 0.804, p=0.009).
Conclusion
WMA strongly and independently predict the presence of culprit lesions in patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department. Our results suggest that routine bedside echocardiography for assessment of WMA in emergency department may improve diagnostic algorithms in suspected acute coronary syndrome.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Roggel
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - S Hendricks
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - I Dykun
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - B Balcer
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - F Al-Rashid
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - J Risse
- University Hospital of Essen (Ruhr), Center of Emergency Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - C Kill
- University Hospital of Essen (Ruhr), Center of Emergency Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - M Totzeck
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - T Rassaf
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
| | - A A Mahabadi
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Essen, Germany
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Hendricks S, Roggel A, Dykun I, Balcer B, Al-Rashid F, Totzeck M, Risse J, Kill C, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA. Epicardial adipose tissue and culprit lesions in acute chest pain. The EPIC-ACS study. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The amount of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with prevalent and incident myocardial infarction. However, clinical studies, specifically designed to determine, how the assessment of EAT can affect patient management, are lacking. Within Epicardial adipose tissue thickness PredIcts obstructive Coronary artery disease in Acute Coronary Syndrome patients (EPIC-ACS) study we tested the hypothesis that EAT quantification improves the prediction of the presence of culprit lesions in patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department.
Methods
In this observational cohort study, we prospectively included consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department with acute chest pain suggestive of acute coronary syndrome between December 2018 and August 2020. Patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction, hemodynamic instability, or known coronary artery disease were excluded. As part of the initial workup, bedside echocardiography for quantification of EAT thickness was performed by a dedicated study physician, blinded to all patients' characteristics. Treating physicians remained unaware of the results of the EAT assessment. The primary endpoint was defined as presence of a culprit lesion, as detected in subsequent invasive coronary angiography within 90 days after initial presentation. Logistic regression analysis was performed in different models adjusted for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, cardiac biomarkers as well as established cardiovascular risk scores.
Results
Overall, 657 patients (mean age 58.06±18.04 years, 53% male) were included in our study. Patients reaching the primary endpoint had significantly more EAT than patients without culprit lesions (7.90±2.56mm vs. 3.96±1.91mm, p<0.0001, figure 1). In unadjusted regression analysis, 1mm increase in EAT thickness was associated with a nearby 2-fold increased odds of the presence of culprit lesions [1.98 (1.77–2.21), p<0.0001]. Effect sizes remained stable and highly significant, when controlling for age, gender, and BMI as well as when ancillary controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac biomarkers [1.87 (1.64–2.12), p<0.0001]. Effect sizes for the association of EAT with presence of culprit lesions were similar in troponin-positive [1.85 (1.5–2.28), p<0.0001] and troponin-negative acute chest pain [1.94 (1.66–2.26), p<0.0001; p-value for interaction: 0.24]. Adding EAT to a multivariable model of GRACE score, cardiac biomarkers and traditional risk factors significantly improved the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (0.759 to 0.901, p<0.0001).
Conclusion
EAT strongly and independently predicts the presence of culprit lesions in patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency department. Our results suggest that the bedside echocardiographic assessment including the quantification of EAT may improve diagnostic algorithms of patients with acute chest pain.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None. Distribution of EAT thickness
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hendricks
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A Roggel
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - I Dykun
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Balcer
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - F Al-Rashid
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Totzeck
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - J Risse
- University Hospital of Essen (Ruhr), Center of Emergency Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - C Kill
- University Hospital of Essen (Ruhr), Center of Emergency Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - T Rassaf
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A A Mahabadi
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
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Hendricks S, Mahabadi AA, Vogel L, Al-Rashid F, Luedike P, Totzeck M, Rassaf T, Dykun I. BNP/ NT-pro BNP thresholds for the assessment of the prognosis in patients without heart failure. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Natriuretic peptides (BNP/NT-proBNP) are predominantly used for risk stratification, diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring in heart failure patients. A potential value of BNP/NT-proBNP serum levels for the prediction of prognosis in the general population and for non-heart failure patient cohorts is suggested in the literature. However, for non-heart failure patients, no thresholds are established. We aimed to determine cut-off levels that allow prediction of long-term survival in patients without known heart failure.
Methods
The present analysis is based on a registry of patients undergoing coronary angiography between 2004 and 2019. Patients with existing diagnosis of heart failure or elevated natriuretic peptides (BNP >100pg/nl, NT-proBNP >400pg/nl), with missing follow-up information or without BNP/NT-proBNP levels at admission were excluded. As either BNP or NT-proBNP was available for singular patients and to adjust for the skewed distribution, BNP/NT-proBNP levels ranked based on gender specific percentile from 0 to 99. The cohort was then divided into a derivation and a validation cohort using random sampling. Incidence of death of any cause during follow-up was recorded. In the derivation cohort, cox regression analysis was used to determine the association of natriuretic peptides with incident mortality per 1 standard deviation increase in BNP/NT-proBNP rank. Multivariable models controlled for age, sex, LDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, smoking status, and family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was performed, with corresponding area under the curve, along with Youden's J index assessment, to establish a threshold for prediction of survival. The association of this threshold with incident mortality was tested in the validation cohort.
Results
Overall, 3,687 patients (age 62.9±12.5 years, 71% male) were included. During a mean follow-up of 2.6±3.4 years, 169 deaths occurred. In the derivation cohort, BNP/NT-proBNP was significantly associated with mortality (Hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.25 [1.01–1.54], p=0.04). Based on Youden's J index, BNP-thresholds of 9.6 and 29pg/ml and NT-proBNP thresholds of 65 and 77pg/ml for men and women, respectively, were determined. In the derivation cohort, BNP/NT-proBNP levels above these thresholds were significantly associated with increased mortality (2.44 [1.32–4.53], p=0.005). The predictive value of the determined thresholds was confirmed in the validation cohort (2.78 [1.26–6.14], p=0.01).
Conclusion
We here describe gender-specific BNP/NT-proBNP thresholds that allow prediction of impaired survival in patients without heart failure. Utilization of these thresholds in clinical routine may qualify for risk prediction in non-heart failure cohorts, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hendricks
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A A Mahabadi
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - L Vogel
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - F Al-Rashid
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Luedike
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Totzeck
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - T Rassaf
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - I Dykun
- University Hospital Essen, West German Heart and Vascular Center Essen, Essen, Germany
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Michel L, Hendricks S, Dykun I, Rassaf T, Mahabadi AA, Totzeck M. Detectable troponin below the 99th percentile predicts survival in patients with cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.1170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with cardiovascular disease and elevated troponin above the 99th percentile of the upper reference limit are at increased risk for major adverse events, and usually require urgent treatment, including coronary angiography. Meanwhile, patients with detectable troponin levels below the 99th percentile represent a more heterogeneous collective at need for further risk stratification.
Purpose
This study aims to determine the prognostic implications of detectable troponin below the 99th percentile of the upper reference limit compared to troponin lower than the detectable range in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Methods
The ECAD registry was screened for patients without detectable troponin and with detectable troponin below the 99th percentile upon admission. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and patients with admission troponin above the 99th percentile were excluded. Troponin was determined by Siemens Dimension Troponin I (detectable limit: 40 ng/L, 99th percentile: 70 ng/L) and contemporary Centaur high-sensitive Troponin I Ultra (detectable limit: 6 ng/L, 99th percentile: 40 ng/L) assays. Overall survival was defined as the primary endpoint. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the association of troponin groups with incident mortality, adjusting for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, smoking status, and family history of premature cardiovascular disease.
Results
14,776 consecutive patients (mean age was 65.35±12.74 years, with 71.3% male) with hospital admissions between 2004 and 2019 were included to the analysis. 11,965 patients had troponin levels below the detectable limits, while 2,811 patients had detectable troponin below the 99th percentile. During a mean follow-up of 4.25±3.76 years, 2379 (16.1%) deaths of any cause occurred. The overall mortality was higher in patients with detectable troponin below the 99th percentile compared to patients without detectable troponin (20.8% vs. 15.0%, p<0.001). In multivariable regression analysis, detectable troponin below the 99th percentile was significantly associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.71; 95% CI 1.46–2.01; p<0.001). At 30 months, there was a significant stepwise relationship with increasing overall mortality between the tertiles of troponin levels (tertile 1, HR 1.62 (1.39–1.90); tertile 2, HR 1.88 (1.63–2.16); tertile 3, HR 2.02 (1.74–2.35)).
Conclusions
Detectable troponin below the 99th percentile is an independent predictor of overall mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease, and shows a gradually higher risk with increasing troponin levels. Every finding of detectable troponin in patients with cardiovascular disease should therefore prompt further diagnostic work-up.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): UMEA Young Clinical Scientist Grant, Medical faculty, University Duisburg-Essen (Hendricks)
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Affiliation(s)
- L Michel
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - S Hendricks
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - I Dykun
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - T Rassaf
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - A A Mahabadi
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - M Totzeck
- University of Duisburg-Essen - West-German Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Essen, Germany
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Tierney G, Weaving D, Tooby J, Al-Dawoud M, Hendricks S, Phillips G, Stokes KA, Till K, Jones B. Quantifying head acceleration exposure via instrumented mouthguards (iMG): a validity and feasibility study protocol to inform iMG suitability for the TaCKLE project. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001125. [PMID: 34603742 PMCID: PMC8438841 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) have the potential to quantify head acceleration exposures in sport. The Rugby Football League is looking to deploy iMGs to quantify head acceleration exposures as part of the Tackle and Contact Kinematics, Loads and Exposure (TaCKLE) project. iMGs and associated software platforms are novel, thus limited validation studies exist. The aim of this paper is to describe the methods that will determine the validity (ie, laboratory validation of kinematic measures and on-field validity) and feasibility (ie, player comfort and wearability and practitioner considerations) of available iMGs for quantifying head acceleration events in rugby league. Phase 1 will determine the reliability and validity of iMG kinematic measures (peak linear acceleration, peak rotational velocity, peak rotational acceleration), based on laboratory criterion standards. Players will have three-dimensional dental scans and be provided with available iMGs for phase 2 and phase 3. Phase 2 will determine the on-field validity of iMGs (ie, identifying true positive head acceleration events during a match). Phase 3 will evaluate player perceptions of fit (too loose, too tight, bulky, small/thin, held mouth open, held teeth apart, pain in jaw muscles, uneven bite), comfort (on lips, gum, tongue, teeth) and function (speech, swallowing, dry mouth). Phase 4 will evaluate the practical feasibility of iMGs, as determined by practitioners using the system usability scale (preparing iMG system and managing iMG data). The outcome will provide a systematic and robust assessment of a range of iMGs, which will help inform the suitability of each iMG system for the TaCKLE project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Tierney
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Belfast, UK.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Daniel Weaving
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - James Tooby
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Marwan Al-Dawoud
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Gemma Phillips
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | - Kevin Till
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.,England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK.,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Armino N, Gouttebarge V, Mellalieu S, Schlebusch R, Van Wyk JP, Hendricks S. Anxiety and depression in athletes assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) - a systematic scoping review. S Afr j sports med (Online) 2021. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a10679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Poor mental health of athletes is major concern in sport. Typically, incidence/prevalence of mental health symptoms in athletes is studied using symptom-specific questionnaires. For symptoms of depression/anxiety, one such self-reporting questionnaire is the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).
Objective: The aim of this review was to synthesise and compare studies using the GHQ-12 in athletes to inform future research by identifying trends and gaps in the literature.
Methods: A systematic search of five electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, PsychINFO, Scopus and Web of Science) was conducted on all published studies up to 1 January 2019. 1) participants were able-bodied athletes; 2) studies measured anxiety/depression using the GHQ-12; 3) studies were full original articles from peer-reviewed journals; 4) studies were published in English.
Results: 32 studies were included in the review. Prevalence and incidence of symptoms of anxiety/depression ranged from 21-48% and 17-57% respectively. The majority of studies screening anxiety/depression using the GHQ-12 were cross-sectional. Almost 70% of studies used the traditional scoring method. The majority of study populations sampled all-male cohorts comprising football (soccer) players.
Conclusion: The traditional scoring of 0-0-1-1 should be used with the cut-off set at ≥3. Also, the mean GHQ-12 score should be reported. Potential risk factors for symptoms of anxiety/depression (i.e. recent adverse life events, injury and illness, social support, pressure to perform and career transitioning) and a lack of prospective studies were identified. Future research should also broaden the spectrum of athlete populations used and try to improve response rates.
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Hopkinson M, Bissas A, Nicholson G, Beggs C, Scantlebury S, Hendricks S, Jones B. A video analysis framework for the rugby league tackle. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:15-28. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1898667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Hopkinson
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds UK
| | | | - Gareth Nicholson
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds UK
| | - Clive Beggs
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds UK
| | - Sean Scantlebury
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds UK
- England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds UK
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds UK
- England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
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Geldenhuys AG, Burgess T, Roche S, Hendricks S. Return to play protocols for musculoskeletal upper and lower limb injuries in tackle-collision team sports: A systematic review. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:1743-1756. [PMID: 34328056 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1960623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Athletes in tackle-collision teams are at high risk of musculoskeletal injuries resulting in absence from play due to the high impact nature of the sport. There is a paucity of research to guide the management and assessment methods needed to facilitate the return to play (RTP) process. This review aimed to describe, synthesise and evaluate RTP protocols implemented for musculoskeletal injuries in tackle-collision teams. A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Ebsco Host was conducted for RTP management protocols and assessment modalities following upper and lower limb musculoskeletal injuries in tackle-collision team athletes. Prospective and retrospective quantitative controlled trials, cohort, case-control, case-series and cross-sectional observation studies published between January 2000 and March 2020 were considered. The main outcome measures were the proportion of athletes to RTP, associated time-loss and reinjury risk. 5265 articles were screened. 34 studies met the eligibility criteria of which 23 involved management and 11 assessment modalities. Management involved surgical or conservative strategies along with exercise-based rehabilitation. Assessment modalities included radiographic assessment, clinical evaluation and subjective ratings. Promising RTP management included progressive weight-bearing and exercised-based rehabilitation for ankle sprains as well as surgery, the use of a sling and exercise-based rehabilitation for shoulder instability. MRI scans showed promise in predicting time-loss following hamstring and calf strains in tackle-collision athletes. There are currently no clear guidelines for RTP after musculoskeletal injuries in tackle-collision sports. Future research should investigate efficient management strategies evaluated through valid and reliable assessment methods to better guide clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grethe Geldenhuys
- Division of Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa
| | - Theresa Burgess
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Centre for Medical Ethics and Law, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephen Roche
- Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, South Africa.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, England
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49
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Erskine N, Hendricks S. The Use of Twitter by Medical Journals: Systematic Review of the Literature. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e26378. [PMID: 34319238 PMCID: PMC8367184 DOI: 10.2196/26378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical journals use Twitter to engage and disseminate their research articles and implement a range of strategies to maximize reach and impact. OBJECTIVE This study aims to systematically review the literature to synthesize and describe the different Twitter strategies used by medical journals and their effectiveness on journal impact and readership metrics. METHODS A systematic search of the literature before February 2020 in four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) was conducted. Articles were reviewed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. RESULTS The search identified 44 original research studies that evaluated Twitter strategies implemented by medical journals and analyzed the relationship between Twitter metrics and alternative and citation-based metrics. The key findings suggest that promoting publications on Twitter improves citation-based and alternative metrics for academic medical journals. Moreover, implementing different Twitter strategies maximizes the amount of attention that publications and journals receive. The four key Twitter strategies implemented by many medical journals are tweeting the title and link of the article, infographics, podcasts, and hosting monthly internet-based journal clubs. Each strategy was successful in promoting the publications. However, different metrics were used to measure success. CONCLUSIONS Four key Twitter strategies are implemented by medical journals: tweeting the title and link of the article, infographics, podcasts, and hosting monthly internet-based journal clubs. In this review, each strategy was successful in promoting publications but used different metrics to measure success. Thus, it is difficult to conclude which strategy is most effective. In addition, the four strategies have different costs and effects on dissemination and readership. We recommend that journals and researchers incorporate a combination of Twitter strategies to maximize research impact and capture audiences with a variety of learning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Erskine
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sport Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
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50
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Meintjes V, Forshaw P, den Hollander S, Starling L, Lambert MI, Viljoen W, Readhead C, Hendricks S. Tackler and ball-carrier technique during moderate and severe injuries (≥8 days lost) compared with player-matched and team-matched injury-free controls in Elite Rugby Union. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1411-1419. [PMID: 34257066 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse tackler and ball-carrier technical proficiency during moderate and severe contact injuries (≥8 days lost) in professional rugby union, and compare it with injury-free event-matched controls from the same player and from the same team. METHODS Technical proficiency for 74 (n=74) (moderate and severe; ≥8 days lost) tackler and ball-carrier injuries during The Currie Cup (2014-2018) and 623 matched non-injury events (253 own controls, 370 team controls) were examined through video analysis using a standardised list of technical criteria. RESULTS Mean technical proficiency score for injured tacklers during front-on tackles was 6.19/16 (arbitrary units (AU) 95% CI 4.89 to 7.48), which was significantly different to their own controls (8.90/16 AU, 95% CI 8.37 to 9.43, p<0.001, effect size (ES)=1.21, large) and team controls (9.93/16 AU, 95% CI 9.50 to 10.40, p<0.001, ES=1.71, large). Mean technical proficiency score for injured ball-carriers during front-on tackles was 5.60/14 AU (95% CI 4.65 to 6.55), which was significantly different to their own controls (8.08/14 AU, 95% CI 7.56 to 8.60, p<0.001, ES=1.16, moderate) and team controls (8.16/14 AU, 95% CI 7.75 to 8.57, p<0.001, ES=1.25, large). CONCLUSION For the tackler and ball-carrier, for both front-on and side-on/behind tackles, overall technical proficiency scores were significantly lower for the injury-causing event, when compared with the player's own injury-free tackles and the team's injury-free tackles. Through analysing player and team controls, player technique deficiencies for the injured player and player technique deficiencies that expose all players to injury were highlighted, which may inform injury prevention strategies and policies, and assist coaches in optimising training to reduce tackle injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Meintjes
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pip Forshaw
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steve den Hollander
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lindsay Starling
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Ian Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wayne Viljoen
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Medical Department, South African Rugby Union, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clint Readhead
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Health, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Medical Department, South African Rugby Union, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa .,Health, Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sport (HPALS) Research Centre, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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