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Paul L, Davidow D, James G, Ross T, Lambert M, Burger N, Jones B, Rennie G, Hendricks S. Tackle Technique and Changes in Playerload™ During a Simulated Tackle: An Exploratory Study. J Sports Sci Med 2022; 21:383-393. [PMID: 36157385 PMCID: PMC9459770 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2022.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In collision sports, the tackle has the highest injury incidence, and is key to a successful performance. Although the contact load of players has been measured using microtechnology, this has not been related to tackle technique. The aim of this study was to explore how PlayerLoad™ changes between different levels of tackling technique during a simulated tackle. Nineteen rugby union players performed twelve tackles on a tackle contact simulator (n = 228 tackles). Each tackle was recorded with a video-camera and each player wore a Catapult OptimEyeS5. Tackles were analysed using tackler proficiency criteria and split into three categories: Low scoring(≤5 Arbitrary units (AU), medium scoring(6 and 7AU) and high scoring tackles(≥8AU). High scoring tackles recorded a higher PlayerLoad™ at tackle completion. The PlayerLoad™ trace was also less variable in the high scoring tackles. The variability in the PlayerLoad™ trace may be a consequence of players not shortening their steps before contact. This reduced their ability to control their movement during the contact and post-contact phase of the tackle and increased the variability. Using the PlayerLoad™ trace in conjunction with subjective technique assessments offers coaches and practitioners insight into the physical-technical relationship of each tackle to optimise tackle skill training and match preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Paul
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Demi Davidow
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gwyneth James
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tayla Ross
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mike Lambert
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Burger
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ben Jones
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
- England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, United Kingdom
- Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
| | - Gordon Rennie
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
- Catapult Sports, Melbourne
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, United Kingdom
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Gharzai LA, Burger N, Li P, Jaworski EM, Henderson C, Spector M, Rosko A, Chen MM, Prince ME, Bradford CR, Malloy KM, Stucken CL, Swiecicki P, Worden F, Schipper MJ, Schonewolf CA, Shah J, Jagsi R, Chinn S, Shuman A, Casper K, Mierzwa ML. Patient Burden with Current Surveillance Paradigm and Factors Associated with Interest in Altered Surveillance for Early Stage HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer. Oncologist 2021; 26:676-684. [PMID: 33823077 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimal surveillance paradigms for survivors of early stage human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer are not well defined. This study aimed to characterize patient interest in and factors associated with an altered surveillance paradigm. MATERIALS AND METHODS We surveyed patients with Stage I or II HPV-related oropharyngeal cancer treated at a tertiary care institution from 2016 to 2019. Primary outcomes were descriptive assessment of patient knowledge, interest in altered surveillance, burdens of in-person appointments, and priorities for surveillance visits. Ordinal regression was used to identify correlates of interest in altered surveillance. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients completed surveys from February to April 2020 at a median of 21 months since completing definitive treatment. A majority (61%) of patients were interested in a surveillance approach that decreased in-person clinic visits. Patients who self-identified as medical maximizers, had higher worry of cancer recurrence, or were in long-term relationships were less likely to be interested. Patients reported significant burdens associated with surveillance visits, including driving distance, time off work, and nonmedical costs. Patients were most concerned with discussing cancer recurrence (76%), physical quality of life (70%), mortality (61%), and mental quality of life (52%) with their providers at follow-up visits. CONCLUSION Patients with early stage HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers are interested in altered surveillance approaches, experience significant burdens related to surveillance visits, and have concerns that are not well addressed with current surveillance approaches, including physical and mental quality of life. Optimized surveillance approaches should incorporate patient priorities and minimize associated burdens. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The number of patients with HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers is increasing, and numerous clinical trials are investigating novel approaches to treating these good-prognosis patients. There has been limited work assessing optimal surveillance paradigms in these patients. Patients experience significant appointment-related burdens and have concerns such as physical and mental quality of life. Additionally, patients with early stage HPV-related oropharyngeal cancers express interest in altered surveillance approaches that decrease in-person clinic visits. Optimization of surveillance paradigms to promote broader survivorship care in clinical practice is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila A Gharzai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicholas Burger
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaworski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Caitlin Henderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew Spector
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andy Rosko
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michelle M Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mark E Prince
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carol R Bradford
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly M Malloy
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Chaz L Stucken
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul Swiecicki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Francis Worden
- Department of Medical Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthew J Schipper
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Caitlin A Schonewolf
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer Shah
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Reshma Jagsi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Steve Chinn
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew Shuman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Keith Casper
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michelle L Mierzwa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Abstract
Background In rugby league (RL), the ability to repeatedly engage in the tackle, whether as a ball carrier or tackler, is essential for team success and player performance. It is also the leading cause of injury, with over 90% of total injuries occurring during the tackle in professional and amateur cohorts. To effectively reduce the risk of injury and optimise performance, establishing the extent of the 'problem', through injury surveillance or descriptive performance studies is required. Objective The purpose of this narrative synthesis was to systematically search and synthesise tackle injury epidemiology and tackle performance frequency in RL. To achieve this objective, a systematic review was conducted. Methods The search was limited to English-only articles published between January 1995 and October 2018. Based on the search criteria, a total of 53 studies were found: 32 focused on tackle injury epidemiology (nine cases studies) and 21 focused on tackle frequency. Results In general, over 600 tackles may occur during an RL match. Tackle injury frequencies (both overall and time-loss injuries) ranged between 47%-94% at the professional level, and between 38%-96% for the lower levels of play. A greater proportion of injuries occurring in professional RL are severe time-loss injuries when compared to lower levels of play. Most time-loss and overall injuries occur to players who are tackled, i.e., ball carriers, across all levels of play. Conclusion This narrative synthesis will facilitate tackle injury prevention and performance research in RL, and act as a reference document for coaches and practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Burger
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - B Jones
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK,Leeds Rhinos Rugby League Club, Leeds, UK,England Performance Unit, The Rugby Football League, Leeds, UK,School of Science and Technology, University of New England, NSW, Australia
| | - S Hendricks
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa,Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Davidow D, Redman M, Lambert M, Burger N, Smith M, Jones B, Hendricks S. The effect of physical fatigue on tackling technique in Rugby Union. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:1105-1110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Burger N, Lambert M, Hendricks S. Lay of the land: narrative synthesis of tackle research in rugby union and rugby sevens. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000645. [PMID: 32518671 PMCID: PMC7254146 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this review was to synthesise both injury prevention and performance tackle-related research to provide rugby stakeholders with information on tackle injury epidemiology, including tackle injury risk factors and performance determinants, and to discuss potential preventative measures. Design Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Data sources PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria Limited to peer-reviewed English-only publications between January 1995 and October 2018. Results A total of 317 studies were identified, with 177 in rugby union and 13 were in rugby sevens. The tackle accounted for more than 50% of all injuries in rugby union and rugby sevens, both at the professional level and at the lower levels, with the rate of tackle injuries higher at the professional level (mean 32/1000 player-hours) compared with the lower levels (mean 17/1000 player-hours). A player’s tackle actions and technical ability were identified as major risk factors for injury and a key determinant of performance. Summary/conclusion Evidence-based education, progressive tackle technique training with a high potential to transfer and law changes have been proposed as key modifiers of player tackle actions and technical ability. Conceivably, all three modifiers working in unison (as opposed to separately) will have a higher potential at reducing tackle injury risk while enhancing performance. With the guidance of tackle injury and performance studies, as well as stakeholder engagement, experiential and explorative tackle research has the potential to inspire innovative injury prevention and performance strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Burger
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Mike Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.,Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.,Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sport Performance, School of Sport, Fairfax Hall, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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Gharzai L, Li P, Jaworski E, Schipper M, Burger N, Wilkie J, Chapman C, Schonewolf C, Casper K, Mierzwa M. Can patient reported quality of life predict locoregional recurrence in oropharyngeal cancer? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hendricks S, Till K, den Hollander S, Savage TN, Roberts SP, Tierney G, Burger N, Kerr H, Kemp S, Cross M, Patricios J, McKune AJ, Bennet M, Rock A, Stokes KA, Ross A, Readhead C, Quarrie KL, Tucker R, Jones B. Consensus on a video analysis framework of descriptors and definitions by the Rugby Union Video Analysis Consensus group. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:566-572. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Using an expert consensus-based approach, a rugby union Video Analysis Consensus (RUVAC) group was formed to develop a framework for video analysis research in rugby union. The aim of the framework is to improve the consistency of video analysis work in rugby union and help enhance the overall quality of future research in the sport. To reach consensus, a systematic review and Delphi method study design was used. After a systematic search of the literature, 17 articles were used to develop the final framework that described and defined key actions and events in rugby union (rugby). Thereafter, a group of researchers and practitioners with experience and expertise in rugby video analysis formed the RUVAC group. Each member of the group examined the framework of descriptors and definitions and rated their level of agreement on a 5-point agreement Likert scale (1:strongly disagree; 2:disagree; 3:neither agree or disagree; 4:agree; 5: strongly agree). The mean rating of agreement on the five-point scale (1:strongly disagree; 5:strongly agree) was 4.6 (4.3–4.9), 4.6 (4.4–4.9), 4.7 (4.5–4.9), 4.8 (4.6–5.0) and 4.8 (4.6–5.0) for the tackle, ruck, scrum, line-out and maul, respectively. The RUVAC group recommends using this consensus as the starting framework when conducting rugby video analysis research. Which variables to use (if not all) depends on the objectives of the study. Furthermore, the intention of this consensus is to help integrate video data with other data (eg, injury surveillance).
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Kohlhauer M, Pell VR, Burger N, Spiroski AM, Gruszczyk A, Mulvey JF, Mottahedin A, Costa ASH, Frezza C, Ghaleh B, Murphy MP, Tissier R, Krieg T. Correction to: Protection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury by hypothermia and by inhibition of succinate accumulation and oxidation is additive. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:24. [PMID: 30968226 PMCID: PMC6828246 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kohlhauer
- U955, IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Créteil, France
| | - V R Pell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - N Burger
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - A M Spiroski
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - A Gruszczyk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - J F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A S H Costa
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - C Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - B Ghaleh
- U955, IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Créteil, France
| | - M P Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - R Tissier
- U955, IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Créteil, France.
| | - T Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Kohlhauer M, Pell VR, Burger N, Spiroski AM, Gruszczyk A, Mulvey JF, Mottahedin A, Costa ASH, Frezza C, Ghaleh B, Murphy MP, Tissier R, Krieg T. Protection against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury by hypothermia and by inhibition of succinate accumulation and oxidation is additive. Basic Res Cardiol 2019; 114:18. [PMID: 30877396 PMCID: PMC6420484 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Hypothermia induced at the onset of ischemia is a potent experimental cardioprotective strategy for myocardial infarction. The aim of our study was to determine whether the beneficial effects of hypothermia may be due to decreasing mitochondria-mediated mechanisms of damage that contribute to the pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury. New Zealand male rabbits were submitted to 30 min of myocardial ischemia with hypothermia (32 °C) induced by total liquid ventilation (TLV). Hypothermia was applied during ischemia alone (TLV group), during ischemia and reperfusion (TLV-IR group) and normothermia (Control group). In all the cases, ischemia was performed by surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and was followed by 3 h of reperfusion before assessment of infarct size. In a parallel study, male C57BL6/J mice underwent 30 min myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion under either normothermia (37 °C) or conventionally induced hypothermia (32 °C). In both the models, the levels of the citric acid cycle intermediate succinate, mitochondrial complex I activity were assessed at various times. The benefit of hypothermia during ischemia on infarct size was compared to inhibition of succinate accumulation and oxidation by the complex II inhibitor malonate, applied as the pro-drug dimethyl malonate under either normothermic or hypothermic conditions. Hypothermia during ischemia was cardioprotective, even when followed by normothermic reperfusion. Hypothermia during ischemia only, or during both, ischemia and reperfusion, significantly reduced infarct size (2.8 ± 0.6%, 24.2 ± 3.0% and 49.6 ± 2.6% of the area at risk, for TLV-IR, TLV and Control groups, respectively). The significant reduction of infarct size by hypothermia was neither associated with a decrease in ischemic myocardial succinate accumulation, nor with a change in its rate of oxidation at reperfusion. Similarly, dimethyl malonate infusion and hypothermia during ischemia additively reduced infarct size (4.8 ± 2.2% of risk zone) as compared to either strategy alone. Hypothermic cardioprotection is neither dependent on the inhibition of succinate accumulation during ischemia, nor of its rapid oxidation at reperfusion. The additive effect of hypothermia and dimethyl malonate on infarct size shows that they are protective by distinct mechanisms and also suggests that combining these different therapeutic approaches could further protect against ischemia/reperfusion injury during acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kohlhauer
- U955, IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Créteil, France
| | - V R Pell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - N Burger
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - A M Spiroski
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - A Gruszczyk
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - J F Mulvey
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A S H Costa
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - C Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - B Ghaleh
- U955, IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Créteil, France
| | - M P Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - R Tissier
- U955, IMRB, Inserm, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Créteil, France.
| | - T Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Beeler W, Mierzwa M, Bellile E, Burger N, Worden F, Dragovic A, Chapman C, Owen D, Prince M, Spector M, Stucken C, Shuman A, Mclean S, Chinn S, Malloy K, Casper K, Swiecicki P. Financial Toxicity in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Undergoing Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Davidow D, Quarrie K, Viljoen W, Burger N, Readhead C, Lambert M, Jones B, Hendricks S. Tackle technique of rugby union players during head impact tackles compared to injury free tackles. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:1025-1031. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Burger N, Lambert MI, Hall H, Hendricks S. Assessing tackle performance using a novel collision sport simulator in comparison to a "live" one-on-one tackling drill. J Sports Sci 2018; 37:74-81. [PMID: 29889607 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1482590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
It is necessary to study the rugby tackle as it is associated with successful performance outcomes and is responsible for the majority of contact injuries. A novel collision sport simulator was developed to study tackle performance. The main aim of this validation study was to assess tackle technique performance between two different conditions: simulator versus a standardised one-on-one tackle drill previously used to assess technique. Tackling proficiency was assessed using a list of technical criteria. Mean scores, standard deviations and Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated. Mean overall score for dynamic i.e. running simulator tackles was 7.78 (95%CI 7.58-7.99) (out of 9) or 87% (standard deviation or SD±8.94), and mean overall score for dynamic "live" tackles was 7.85 (95%CI 7.57-8.13) (out of 9) or 87% (SD±9.60) (effect size = 0.08; trivial; p > 0.05). Mean overall score for static i.e. standing simulator tackles was 7.45 (95%CI 7.20-7.69) (out of 9) or 83% (SD±10.71), and mean overall score for static "live" tackles was 8.05 (95%CI 7.83-8.27) (out of 9) or 89% (SD±7.53) (effect size = 0.72; moderate; p < 0.001). The simulator replicates dynamic tackle technique comparable to real-life tackle drills. It may be used for research analysing various aspects of the tackle in rugby and other contact sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Burger
- a Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Michael Ian Lambert
- a Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.,b Department of Public & Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research , VU University Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Harry Hall
- a Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- a Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa.,c Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sport Performance, School of Sport, Fairfax Hall, Headingley Campus , Leeds Beckett University , Leeds , United Kingdom
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Quarrie KL, Brooks JHM, Burger N, Hume PA, Jackson S. Facts and values: on the acceptability of risks in children's sport using the example of rugby - a narrative review. Br J Sports Med 2017; 51:1134-1139. [PMID: 28724697 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A clash of values has been identified between those who assert that:1. all childhood injuries, regardless of origin, are inherently undesirable and should be prevented and;2. those who believe that some measure of injury to children is an acceptable compromise for the physical benefits associated with physical activity and the development of abilities to appraise and deal with risks.A debate regarding whether the tackles and collisions permitted in schools' rugby represent acceptable risks, and what steps should be taken if they do not, exemplifies the issue.Questions regarding the magnitude of injury risks in sport are issues of fact and can be quantified via the results of injury surveillance studies. Risks are neither high nor low in isolation; they are relatively high or low with reference to other activities or across groups participating in an activity. Issues of the acceptability of a given degree of risk are value dependent. Research regarding perceptions of risk reveals wide variations in the degree of risk people view as acceptable. Factors impacting on risk perception include whether the risks are well known and understood, whether they are 'dread' risks and the degree to which people undertake the risks voluntarily and feel they have control over them.Based on the evidence currently available, the risks to children playing rugby do not appear to be inordinately high compared with those in a range of other childhood sports and activities, but better comparative information is urgently needed. Further evidence, however, should not necessarily be expected to result in the resolution of acceptable risk debates-pre-existing values shape our perspectives on whether new evidence is relevant, valid and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lincoln Quarrie
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington, New Zealand.,Sports Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John H M Brooks
- The Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Burger
- Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Patria A Hume
- Sports Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steve Jackson
- School of Physical Education, Sport & Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Hendricks S, Davidow D, Viljoen W, Burger N, Lambert M, Readhead C, Brown J, Jones B, Quarrie K. VIDEO ANALYSIS OF CONTACT TECHNIQUE DURING HEAD COLLISIONS IN RUGBY UNION. Br J Sports Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-097372.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Burger N, Lambert MI, Viljoen W, Brown JC, Readhead C, den Hollander S, Hendricks S. Mechanisms and Factors Associated With Tackle-Related Injuries in South African Youth Rugby Union Players. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:278-285. [PMID: 28125898 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516677548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of injuries in rugby union occur during tackle events. The mechanisms and causes of these injuries are well established in senior rugby union. PURPOSE To use information from an injury database and assess video footage of tackle-related injuries in youth rugby union matches to identify environmental factors and mechanisms that are potentially confounding to these injuries. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiological study. METHODS Injury surveillance was conducted at the under-18 Craven Week rugby tournament. Tackle-related injury information was used to identify injury events in match video footage (role-matched noninjury tackle events were identified for the cohort of injured players). Events were coded using match situational variables (precontact, contact, and postcontact). Relative risk ratio (RRR; ratio of probability of an injury or noninjury outcome occurring when a characteristic was observed) was reported by use of logistic regression. RESULTS In comparison with the first quarter, injury risk was greater in the third (RRR = 9.75 [95% CI, 1.71-55.64]; P = .010) and fourth quarters (RRR = 6.97 [95% CI, 1.09-44.57]; P = .040) for ball carriers and in the fourth quarter (RRR = 9.63 [95% CI, 1.94-47.79]; P = .006) for tacklers. Ball carriers were less likely to be injured when they were aware of impending contact (RRR = 0.14 [95% CI, 0.03-0.66]; P = .012) or when they executed a moderate fend (hand-off) (RRR = 0.22 [95% CI, 0.06-0.84]; P = .026). Tacklers were less likely to be injured when performing shoulder tackles (same side as leading leg) in comparison to an arm-only tackle (RRR = 0.02 [95% CI, 0.001-0.79]; P = .037). Ball carriers (RRR = 0.09 [95% CI, 0.01-0.89]; P = .040) and tacklers (RRR = 0.02 [95% CI, 0.001-0.32]; P =.006) were less likely to be injured when initial contact was made with the tackler's shoulder/arm instead of his head/neck. CONCLUSION The relative risk of tackle-related injury was higher toward the end of matches. Incorrect technique may contribute to increased injury risk. Implementing recovery strategies between matches, training safe and effective techniques, and improving levels of conditioning may counter the negative effects of fatigue. These findings may assist stakeholders in youth rugby to formulate injury prevention strategies and may improve the preparation of field-side medical staff for managing tackle-related injuries at these or similar tournaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Burger
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mike Ian Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Public & Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wayne Viljoen
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Rugby Union (SA Rugby), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James Craig Brown
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Public & Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Clint Readhead
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Rugby Union (SA Rugby), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steve den Hollander
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sport Performance, School of Sport, Fairfax Hall, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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Burger N, Laachachi A, Ferriol M, Lutz M, Toniazzo V, Ruch D. Review of thermal conductivity in composites: Mechanisms, parameters and theory. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hendricks S, O'Connor S, Lambert M, Brown JC, Burger N, Mc Fie S, Readhead C, Viljoen W. Video analysis of concussion injury mechanism in under-18 rugby. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 2:e000053. [PMID: 27900149 PMCID: PMC5125416 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanism of injury is necessary for the development of effective injury prevention strategies. Video analysis of injuries provides valuable information on the playing situation and athlete-movement patterns, which can be used to formulate these strategies. Therefore, we conducted a video analysis of the mechanism of concussion injury in junior-level rugby union and compared it with a representative and matched non-injury sample. METHODS Injury reports for 18 concussion events were collected from the 2011 to 2013 under-18 Craven Week tournaments. Also, video footage was recorded for all 3 years. On the basis of the injury events, a representative 'control' sample of matched non-injury events in the same players was identified. The video footage, which had been recorded at each tournament, was then retrospectively analysed and coded. 10 injury events (5 tackle, 4 ruck, 1 aerial collision) and 83 non-injury events were analysed. RESULTS All concussions were a result of contact with an opponent and 60% of players were unaware of the impending contact. For the measurement of head position on contact, 43% had a 'down' position, 29% the 'up and forward' and 29% the 'away' position (n=7). The speed of the injured tackler was observed as 'slow' in 60% of injurious tackles (n=5). In 3 of the 4 rucks in which injury occurred (75%), the concussed player was acting defensively either in the capacity of 'support' (n=2) or as the 'jackal' (n=1). CONCLUSIONS Training interventions aimed at improving peripheral vision, strengthening of the cervical muscles, targeted conditioning programmes to reduce the effects of fatigue, and emphasising safe and effective playing techniques have the potential to reduce the risk of sustaining a concussion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sam O'Connor
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James C Brown
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Burger
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah Mc Fie
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clint Readhead
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Rugby Union (SARU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wayne Viljoen
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Rugby Union (SARU), Cape Town, South Africa
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Burger N, Lambert MI, Viljoen W, Brown JC, Readhead C, Hendricks S. Tackle technique and tackle-related injuries in high-level South African Rugby Union under-18 players: real-match video analysis. Br J Sports Med 2016; 50:932-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hendricks S, O’connor S, Lambert M, Brown J, Burger N, Mc Fie S, Readhead C, Viljoen W. Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola Craven Week Rugby tournament. Eur J Sport Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Burger N, Lambert MI, Viljoen W, Brown JC, Readhead C, Hendricks S. Tackle-related injury rates and nature of injuries in South African Youth Week tournament rugby union players (under-13 to under-18): an observational cohort study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005556. [PMID: 25116454 PMCID: PMC4139639 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The tackle situation is most often associated with the high injury rates in rugby union. Tackle injury epidemiology in rugby union has previously been focused on senior cohorts but less is known about younger cohorts. The aim of this study was to report on the nature and rates of tackle-related injuries in South African youth rugby union players representing their provinces at national tournaments. DESIGN Observational cohort study. SETTING Four South African Youth Week tournaments (under-13 Craven Week, under-16 Grant Khomo Week, under-18 Academy Week, under-18 Craven Week). PARTICIPANTS Injury data were collected from 3652 youth rugby union players (population at risk) in 2011 and 2012. OUTCOME MEASURES Tackle-related injury severity ('time-loss' and 'medical attention'), type and location, injury rate per 1000 h (including 95% CIs). Injury rate ratios (IRR) were calculated and modelled using a Poisson regression. A χ(2) analysis was used to detect linear trends between injuries and increasing match quarters. RESULTS The 2012 under-13 Craven Week had a significantly greater 'time-loss' injury rate when compared with the 2012 under-18 Academy Week (IRR=4.43; 95% CI 2.13 to 9.21, p<0.05) and under-18 Craven Week (IRR=3.52; 95% CI 1.54 to 8.00, p<0.05). The Poisson regression also revealed a higher probability of 'overall' ('time-loss' and 'medical attention' combined) and 'time-loss' tackle-related injuries occurring at the under-13 Craven Week. The proportion of 'overall' and 'time-loss' injuries increased significantly with each quarter of the match when all four tournaments were combined (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There was a difference in the tackle-related injury rate between the under-13 tournament and the two under-18 tournaments, and the tackle-related injury rate was higher in the final quarter of matches. Ongoing injury surveillance is required to better interpret these findings. Injury prevention strategies targeting the tackle may only be effective once the rate and nature of injuries have been accurately determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Burger
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mike I Lambert
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wayne Viljoen
- South African Rugby Union (SARU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - James C Brown
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clint Readhead
- South African Rugby Union (SARU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Brown JC, Lambert MI, Hendricks S, Readhead C, Verhagen E, Burger N, Viljoen W. Are we currently underestimating the risk of scrum-related neck injuries in rugby union front-row players? Br J Sports Med 2014; 48:1127-9. [PMID: 24723637 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James C Brown
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mike I Lambert
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Clint Readhead
- South African Rugby Union (SARU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Burger
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wayne Viljoen
- South African Rugby Union (SARU), Cape Town, South Africa
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Brown J, Lambert M, Hendricks S, Readhead C, Verhagen E, Burger N, Viljoen W. ARE WE CURRENTLY UNDERESTIMATING THE RISK OF SCRUM-RELATED NECK INJURIES IN RUGBY UNION FRONT-ROW PLAYERS? Br J Sports Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wodon Q, Burger N, Grant A, Joseph G, Liverani A, Tkacheva O. Climate Change, Extreme Weather Events, and Migration: Review of the Literature for Five Arab Countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6985-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Silverberg K, Minter T, Silverberg K, Burger N, Hansard L, Vaughn T. Both AMH and day 3 FSH levels predict IVF stimulation outcome regardless of patient age; day 3 estradiol levels are not predictive. Fertil Steril 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.07.994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Sood N, Burger N, Yoong J, Kopf D, Spreng C. Firm-level perspectives on public sector engagement with private healthcare providers: survey evidence from Ghana and Kenya. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27194. [PMID: 22132092 PMCID: PMC3223165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Health systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are in urgent need of improvement. The private health sector is a major provider of care in the region and it will remain a significant actor in the future. Any efforts by SSA governments to improve health systems performance therefore has to account for the private health sector. Regional and international actors increasingly recognize importance of effectively engaging with the private health sector, and initiatives to improve engagement are underway in several countries. However, there is little systematic analysis of private health providers' view and experience with engagement. Methodology/Principal Findings In this study we surveyed private health facilities in Kenya and Ghana to understand the extent to which and how governments interact and engage with these facilities. The results suggest that government engagement with private health facilities is quite limited. The primary focus of this engagement is “command-and-control” type regulations to improve the quality of care. There is little attention paid to building the capacity of health care businesses through either technical or financial assistance. The vast majority of these facilities also receive no government assistance in meeting public health and social goals. Finally, government engagement with private pharmacies is often neglected and clinics receive a disproportionate share of government assistance. Conclusions/Significance Overall, our findings suggest that there may be considerable untapped potential for greater engagement with private health facilities—particularly pharmacies. Improving engagement will likely help governments with limited resources to better take advantage of the private sector capacity to meet access and equity objectives and to accelerate the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sood
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America.
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Abstract
Background The role of the private health sector in developing countries remains a much-debated and contentious issue. Critics argue that the high prices charged in the private sector limits the use of health care among the poorest, consequently reducing access and equity in the use of health care. Supporters argue that increased private sector participation might improve access and equity by bringing in much needed resources for health care and by allowing governments to increase focus on underserved populations. However, little empirical exists for or against either side of this debate. Methodology/Principal Findings We examine the association between private sector participation and self-reported measures of utilization and equity in deliveries and treatment of childhood respiratory disease using regression analysis, across a sample of nationally-representative Demographic and Health Surveys from 34 SSA economies. We also examine the correlation between private sector participation and key background factors (socioeconomic development, business environment and governance) and use multivariate regression to control for potential confounders. Private sector participation is positively associated with greater overall access and reduced disparities between rich and poor as well as urban and rural populations. The positive association between private sector participation and improved health system performance is robust to controlling for confounders including per capita income and maternal education. Private sector participation is positively correlated with measures of socio-economic development and favorable business environment. Conclusions/Significance Greater participation is associated with favorable intermediate outcomes in terms of access and equity. While these results do not establish a causal link between private sector participation and health system performance, they suggest that there is no deleterious link between private sector participation and health system performance in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Yoong
- RAND Corporation, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Burger
- RAND Corporation, Arlington, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Connor Spreng
- Investment Climate Department, World Bank, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Neeraj Sood
- University of Southern California and RAND Corporation, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Kirson ED, Weinberg U, Betticher D, Von Moos R, Fischer N, Studt J, Buess M, Burger N, Palti Y, Pless M. A phase I study of tumor treating fields (TTFields) in combination with pemetrexed for pretreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e18500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e18500 Background: TTFields (tumor treating fields) are low intensity, intermediate frequency, alternating electric fields which slow the growth of solid tumors in-vivo, and have shown promise in pilot clinical trials in patients with advanced solid tumors. TTFields are a regional treatment which acts both by interfering with microtubules polymerization and by physical disruption of the cell structure during cytokinesis. It has been shown previously that TTFields sensitize non-small cell lung cultures to Pemetrexed. In-Vivo, TTFields did not increase pemetrexed related toxicity. Methods: A prospective trial was performed in 14, pretreated, stage IIIb-IV, NSCLC patients. Patients with brain metastases were excluded, as were patients with abnormal marrow, kidney, liver or cardiac functions. Patients with history of clinically significant arrhythmias or those having pacemakers were excluded as well. Patients received Pemetrexed 500mg/m2 IV q3w together with daily TTFields (12 h/day) using a portable medical device (NovoTTF-100L). The device generated 2 direction (AP and Lat), 150 kHz TTFields. Patients were followed every three weeks and had a lung CT every 9 weeks. The primary endpoint was the safety and tolerability of the NovoTTF-100L device in combination with pemetrexed. Results: The 14 patients received an average of 4 courses of pemetrexed (Range 1–9) and a cumulative TTFields treatment time of 182 weeks. The device was well tolerated as indicated in the device log files which showed an average daily use of 11±1 hours. There were no device-related, nor pemetrexed-related SAEs. In addition, no unexpected abnormalities were evident in the lab tests or EKGs, done every 3 weeks for all patients. There were no reports of arrhythmias. The only device related AE seen in all patients was dermatitis under the electrodes. This improved with meticulous skin care, topical steroid use and in extreme cases oral steroids. One patient (7.6%) had a CR, 1 a PR (7.6%), 9 SD (69.2%) and 3 PD (23%). 77% of patients were progression free at 12 weeks and the 6 month survival was 89%. Conclusions: TTFields are well tolerated when given together with pemetrexed. The excellent safety profile and initial efficacy results reported here justify further clinical testing. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- E. D. Kirson
- NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel; NovoCure, Haifa, Israel; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Site de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Graubunden, Chur, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - U. Weinberg
- NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel; NovoCure, Haifa, Israel; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Site de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Graubunden, Chur, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - D. Betticher
- NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel; NovoCure, Haifa, Israel; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Site de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Graubunden, Chur, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - R. Von Moos
- NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel; NovoCure, Haifa, Israel; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Site de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Graubunden, Chur, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - N. Fischer
- NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel; NovoCure, Haifa, Israel; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Site de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Graubunden, Chur, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - J. Studt
- NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel; NovoCure, Haifa, Israel; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Site de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Graubunden, Chur, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - M. Buess
- NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel; NovoCure, Haifa, Israel; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Site de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Graubunden, Chur, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - N. Burger
- NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel; NovoCure, Haifa, Israel; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Site de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Graubunden, Chur, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Y. Palti
- NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel; NovoCure, Haifa, Israel; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Site de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Graubunden, Chur, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - M. Pless
- NovoCure Ltd., Haifa, Israel; NovoCure, Haifa, Israel; Hôpital Fribourgeois - Site de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Graubunden, Chur, Switzerland; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Claraspital, Basel, Switzerland; Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
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Amin M, Buster J, Callas P, Burger N, Pisarska M, Casson P. The Cognitive/Psychological Effect of Dose Titrated DHEA Supplementation in Post-Menopausal Women. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Casola A, Burger N, Liu T, Jamaluddin M, Brasier AR, Garofalo RP. Oxidant tone regulates RANTES gene expression in airway epithelial cells infected with respiratory syncytial virus. Role in viral-induced interferon regulatory factor activation. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:19715-22. [PMID: 11259439 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101526200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) produces intense pulmonary inflammation, in part, through its ability to induce chemokine synthesis in infected airway epithelial cells. RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cells expressed and secreted) is a CC chemokine which recruits and activates monocytes, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, all cell types present in the lung inflammatory infiltrate induced by RSV infection. In this study we investigated the role of reactive oxygen species in the induction of RANTES gene expression in human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A549), following RSV infection. Our results indicate that RSV infection of airway epithelial cells rapidly induces reactive oxygen species production, prior to RANTES expression, as measured by oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein. Pretreatment of airway epithelial cells with the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), as well a panel of chemically unrelated antioxidants, blocks RSV-induced RANTES gene expression and protein secretion. This effect is mediated through the ability of BHA to inhibit RSV-induced interferon regulatory factor binding to the RANTES promoter interferon-stimulated responsive element, that is absolutely required for inducible RANTES promoter activation. BHA inhibits de novo interferon regulator factor (IRF)-1 and -7 gene expression and protein synthesis, and IRF-3 nuclear translocation. Together, these data indicates that a redox-sensitive pathway is involved in RSV-induced IRF activation, an event necessary for RANTES gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Casola
- Departments of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Sealy Center for Molecular Sciences, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0366, USA
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Irion E, Burger N, Thonke K, Sauer R. The defect luminescence spectrum at 0.9351 eV in carbon-doped heat-treated or irradiated silicon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1088/0022-3719/18/26/018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Skrinjarić-Spoljar M, Burger N, Lovrić J. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by three new pyridinium compounds and their effect on phosphonylation of the enzyme. J Enzyme Inhib 1999; 14:331-41. [PMID: 10488245 DOI: 10.3109/14756369909030327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Three new mono-pyridinium compounds were prepared: 1-phenacyl-2-methylpyridinium chloride (1), 1-benzoylethylpyridinium chloride (2) and 1-benzoylethylpyridinium-4-aldoxime chloride (3) and assayed in vitro for their inhibitory effect on human blood acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7, AChE). All the three compounds inhibited AChE reversibly; their binding affinity for the enzyme was compared with their protective effect (PI) on AChE phosphonylation by soman and VX. Compound 1 was found to bind to both the catalytic and the allosteric (substrate inhibition) sites of the enzyme with estimated dissociation constants of 6.9 microM (Kcat) and 27 microM (Kall), respectively. Compound 2 bound to the catalytic site with Kcat = 59 microM and compound 3 only to the allosteric site with Kall = 328 microM. PI was evaluated from phosphonylation measured in the absence and in presence of the compounds applied in a concentration corresponding to their Kcat or Kall value, and was also calculated from theoretical equations deduced from the reversible inhibition of the enzyme. Compounds 1 and 3 protected the enzyme from phosphonylation by soman and VX, whereas no protection was observed in the presence of compound 2 under the same conditions. Irrespective of the binding sites to AChE, PI for compounds 1 and 3 evaluated from phosphonylation agreed with PI calculated from reversible inhibition. Compound 3 was found to be a weak reactivator of methylphosphonylated AChE with Kr = 1.1 x 10(2) L mol-1 min-1.
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Best CL, Pudney J, Welch WR, Burger N, Hill JA. Localization and characterization of white blood cell populations within the human ovary throughout the menstrual cycle and menopause. Hum Reprod 1996; 11:790-7. [PMID: 8671330 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to localize and characterize white blood cell populations in the human ovary through its physiological life cycle. Ovaries from 30 women of reproductive age and from three post-menopausal women were embedded in paraffin or frozen. Clinical information and pathology review were used to obtain accurate menstrual cycle information and to ensure the absence of ovarian disease. Tissue sections were stained for leukocyte phenotypes and the numbers of white blood cells in the ovary were semiquantitatively assessed by two separate examiners using a 0-3 plus (+) scoring system. Our results demonstrated that macrophages and T lymphocytes were the primary immune cells of the ovary, the concentrations of which were dependent on the location and stage of development of the structures containing leukocytes. Developing follicles contained few (+) macrophages located in the theca, while atretic follicles possessed moderate (+2) numbers in the granulosa and few (+) to moderate (+2) numbers in the theca. Newly formed corpora lutea contained few (+) macrophages, while regressing corpora lutea contained abundant (+3) numbers. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR positive cells were located predominantly at sites where macrophages were present. T lymphocytes were generally not present in the developing follicle but focal, small (+) numbers were observed in blood vessels of the theca. Atretic follicles contained few (+) T lymphocytes in the granulosa and few (+) to moderate (+2) numbers in the theca. Few (+) T lymphocytes were present in new corpora lutea, while moderate (+2) to abundant (+3) numbers were present in regressing corpora lutea. T lymphocytes at all sites were UCHL1 positive. The CD4 (T helper) to CD8 (T suppressor) ration in the corpus luteum was 1:1. B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells were generally absent in the pre-menopausal ovary. The post-menopausal ovary, in contrast, only contained few (+) macrophages, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in the stroma. In conclusion, our results indicate that the human ovary is an immunologically dynamic tissue containing activated macrophages and T lymphocytes which provide an anatomical basis for immunoendocrine interactions within the ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Best
- Fearing Research Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Foretić B, Burger N. Thetris(2-nitroso-1-naphtholato)ferrate(II) ion. Monatsh Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00813787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Foretić B, Burger N, Hankonyi V. Reactions of the aquapentacyanoferrate(II) ion with 2-nitroso-1-naphthol and 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulphonic acid. Polyhedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0277-5387(94)00280-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Burger N. Spectrophotometric determination of nitroprusside by complex formation with obidoxime. Monatsh Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00817306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Burger N, Hankonyi V, Smerié Z. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Substitution Reactions of the Aquopentacyanoferrate(II) Ions with two Oximes. Z PHYS CHEM 1990. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1990-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Burger N, Smerić Z, Hankonyi V. [Spectrophotometric determination of Toxogonin in the urine and blood]. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 1984; 35:11-5. [PMID: 6391422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Burger N, Karas-Gasparec V. [Reaction of various pralidoximes with ammine pentacyanoferrate (II) ions]. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 1981; 32:41-6. [PMID: 7259529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Burger N. The reactions of pentacyanoferrate(II) ions—iv spectrophotometric study, detection and determination of Toxogonine. Talanta 1977; 24:704-7. [DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(77)80076-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/1977] [Accepted: 06/09/1977] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Burger N, Fuess Η. Die Kristallstruktur von Zinkformiat-Dihydrat. Z KRIST-CRYST MATER 1977. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.1977.145.16.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hankonyi V, Burger N, Karas-Gašparec V. The Reactions of Pentacyanoferrate (II) Ions. Z PHYS CHEM 1975. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-1975-25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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