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Chiddarwar V, de Zoete RMJ, Dickson C, Lathlean T. Effectiveness of combined surgical and exercise-based interventions following primary traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:1498-1508. [PMID: 37451706 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effectiveness, risk of recurrence and return to activity (RTA) of surgery combined with exercise-based interventions (EBI) versus EBI alone after traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation (ASD). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Systematic literature search (MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar). ELIGIBILITY Studies focused on EBI or EBI as a part of postoperative care for adults with an ASD, written in English, and published after 1990. We excluded diagnostic, assessment-based studies on individuals experiencing recurrent shoulder dislocations, concomitant shoulder injury, animal or cadaveric studies. Primary outcomes were dislocation RTA. Secondary outcomes were self-reported outcome measures, strength and range of motion. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate the effect of EBI (SMD; Hedges' g, RR). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence. RESULTS Sixty studies were included (n=3598); seven were meta-analysed (n=345). The mean age of participants in the included studies was 26.71±9.19 and 56% of those included were male. Of the 60 studies included in the systematic review, 29 were fair quality (48.3%), 15 studies were good quality (25%) and 16 studies were poor quality (26.7%), (k=0.66). Individuals who underwent EBI alone were 2.03 times more likely to experience recurrent instability than individuals who underwent EBI in conjunction with surgery (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.97). Individuals who underwent EBI with surgery appeared 1.81 times more likely to RTA than those who underwent EBI alone, although results were not statistically significant (RR 1.81, 95% CI 0.96 to 3.43). CONCLUSIONS Surgery combined with EBI is more effective in reducing the risk of recurrence and possibly increasing RTA than EBI alone after traumatic ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rutger M J de Zoete
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cameron Dickson
- School of Allied Health Science and Practice, The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy Lathlean
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Limited, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Shill IJ, West SW, Sick S, Schneider KJ, Wiley JP, Hagel BE, Black AM, Emery CA. Differences in injury and concussion rates in a cohort of Canadian female and male youth Rugby Union: a step towards targeted prevention strategies. Br J Sports Med 2023:bjsports-2023-106929. [PMID: 37985003 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in match and training musculoskeletal injury and concussion rates and describe mechanisms of concussion while considering previous playing experience in female and male Canadian high school Rugby Union ('rugby') players. METHODS A 2-year prospective cohort study was completed in a high school league (n=361 females, 421 player-seasons; n=429 males, 481 player-seasons) in Calgary, Canada over the 2018 and 2019 rugby playing seasons. Baseline testing was completed at the start of each season and injury surveillance and individual player participation through session attendance was documented to quantify individual-level player exposure hours. Injury incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated using Poisson regression, offset by player exposure hours and clustered by team. RESULTS Overall match IR for females was 62% higher than males (overall IRR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.18) and the overall training IR was twice as high for females (overall IRR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.40 to 3.32). The female match concussion IR was 70% higher than the males (concussion IRR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.08 to 2.69). Females had a 75% greater tackle-related IR compared with males (IRR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.20 to 2.56). Additionally, female tacklers had a twofold greater rate of injury compared with male tacklers (IRR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.14 to 4.14). Previous playing experience was not associated with tackle-related injury or concussion IRs. CONCLUSION The rate of injury and concussion was significantly higher in females within this Canadian high school cohort. These results emphasise the need for development, implementation and evaluation of female-specific injury and concussion prevention strategies to reduce injury and concussion in female youth rugby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isla J Shill
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stephen W West
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Centre for Health, and Injury & Illness Prevention in Sport, Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- UK Collaborating Centre on Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Stacy Sick
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J Preston Wiley
- Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Amanda M Black
- Centre for Healthy Youth Development through Sport, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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3
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Rosso C, Arnold RF, Daci A, Grezda K. Incidence rate of injury and injury sites in European and Swiss karate competitions: a prospective epidemiological study of 2404 fights. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001719. [PMID: 37780128 PMCID: PMC10537823 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To compare the rates and injury sites among competitors in European and Swiss karate tournaments and to identify differences in these incidence rates by sex and age. Methods This prospective cohort study collected data from two European and four national tournaments in Switzerland between 2011 and 2019. The on-site medical staff completed an anonymised report sheet with demographic data and injury characteristics in all injuries requiring medical treatment. The incidence rates per 1000 exposed athletes (AoE) and 1000 min of exposition (MoE) were analysed. Furthermore, the relative risk of injury related to sex and age was calculated and compared. Results In total, 228 injuries were observed in 2404 fights, for an incidence rate of 47.4 per 1000 AoE (95% CI 41.5 to 54.0) or 22.5 injuries per 1000 MoE (95% CI 19.7 to 25.6), respectively. The oldest age group (senior) of both sexes had a 3.6-fold (95% CI 2.7 to 4.8) significantly higher relative risk of injury than younger participants. Furthermore, there was a 2.9-fold (95% CI 1.6 to 5.6) statistically higher risk of injury for males in the senior age group compared with senior females. The most injured body part was the head, followed by the lower extremity, trunk and upper extremity. Conclusion Senior athletes, especially senior males, had significantly more injuries compared with younger and female senior competitors. Medical staff should be aware of the increased propensity for injury among this age and sex group to facilitate injury prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Rosso
- ARTHRO Medics, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland F Arnold
- ARTHRO Medics, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armond Daci
- University of Prishtina 'Hasan Prishtina', Prishtina, Albania
| | - Kushtrim Grezda
- ARTHRO Medics, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Klukowska-Rötzler J, Buerzle A, Exadaktylos AK, Niemann S, Bürgi F, Jakob DA. Sex differences in sledging injuries: a retrospective 10-season study from a Swiss level 1 trauma centre. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2023; 9:e001615. [PMID: 37397265 PMCID: PMC10314622 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Sledging is a popular and traditional winter sport in Switzerland. This study examines injury patterns of patients who presented to a tertiary trauma centre in Switzerland following sledging trauma, focusing on sex differences. Methods Retrospective single-centre study over 10 winters (2012-2022), including all patients experiencing sledging-related trauma. Injury history was collected and analysed from the patient data and demographic information. The Abbreviated Injury Scale and the Injury Severity Score (ISS) were used to classify injury types and severity. Results 193 patients were identified with sledging injuries. The median age was 46 (IQR 28-65), and 56% were female. The most frequent mechanism of injury was a fall (70%), followed by collision (27%) and other fall on slopes (6%). Lower extremities (36%), trunk (20%) and head/neck (15%) were the most frequently injured body areas. Fourteen per cent of patients were admitted with head injuries, whereas females were significantly more likely to present with head injuries than males (p=0.047). Males were significantly more often admitted with fractures to the upper extremities than females (p=0.049). The median ISS was 4 (IQR 1-5), without significant differences between males and females (p=0.290). The hospital admission rate was 28.5% for sledging-related injuries. The median length of stay for patients admitted to the hospital was 5 (IQR 4-8) days. The total cost for all patients was CHF1 292 501, with a median of CHF1009 per patient (IQR CHF458-CHF5923). Conclusion Sledging injuries are common and may result in serious injuries. The lower extremities, trunk and head/neck are frequently injured and could be specifically protected with safety devices. Multiple injuries were statistically more frequent in women compared with men. Males were significantly more often admitted with fractures to the upper extremities, and females were more likely to sustain head injuries. The findings can help to develop data-driven measures to prevent sledging accidents in Switzerland.
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Weiler R, Ahmed OH, Mechelen WV, Verhagen E, Bolling C. Concussion through my eyes: a qualitative study exploring concussion experiences and perceptions of male English blind footballers. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:578-589. [PMID: 36792363 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Athletes with impairments play sports with a risk of sustaining head injuries and concussions. However, the scientific knowledge needed to improve care is lacking. This qualitative study explores English blind 5-a-side footballers' perceptions of concussion, concussion risks and prevention to improve para concussion care. METHODS Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with male English blind footballers (six current and three retired). Data were analysed by thematic analysis using a six-stage approach. RESULTS Blind footballers were not sure about the number of concussions they had sustained. They lacked an understanding of what to experience when concussed, and they perceived the diagnosis and experience of a concussion to be different for a person without vision. Perceived concussion severity and previous concussion experiences were key concepts affecting their concussion reporting behaviours. Participants mentioned spatial orientation and sleep are important to function in daily life and were affected by concussions. However, these factors are not adequately included in current assessment tools or clinical guidance for sports-related concussions. CONCLUSION Blind footballers suggested the quality and accuracy of reported concussions were impacted by lack of concussion experience, knowledge and concomitant impairment. A better understanding of concussion symptoms and injury mechanisms will improve concussion reporting for athletes with visual impairments. These athlete insights should guide future studies and para sports governing body initiatives to improve concussion reporting, diagnosis and management in para athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Weiler
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Para Football Foundation, Arnhem, The Netherlands.,Fortius Clinic, London, UK
| | - Osman Hassan Ahmed
- University Hospitals Dorset NHS Foundation Trust, Poole, UK.,School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.,The Football Association, Burton-upon-Trent, UK
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Purcell C, Duignan C, Fullen BM, Ryan S, Ward T, Caulfield B. Comprehensive assessment and classification of upper and lower limb pain in athletes: a scoping review. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:535-542. [PMID: 36759138 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Upper and lower limb (peripheral) pain is prevalent in athletes. Contemporary research prioritises multidimensional pain assessment and classification. This study aims to review comprehensive athlete pain assessment practices against the reference standard (International Olympic Committee, IOC Athlete Pain framework), identifying trends and highlighting gaps. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Six databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute standardised methodology for scoping reviews and is reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Title and abstract, full-text screening and data charting were completed by two independent reviewers. INCLUSION CRITERIA Original research, systematic reviews and clinical practice guidelines reporting assessment or classification of pain in athletes of any age with chronic or acute peripheral pain in English on human participants from database inception. RESULTS 470 studies with 175 different pain assessment tools were mapped against the IOC Athlete Pain Framework. Papers included tools from neurophysiological (470/100%), biomechanical (425/90%), affective (103/22%), cognitive (59/13%) and socioenvironmental (182/39%) domains. Pain classification was included in 108 studies (23%). 4 studies (0.85%) defined pain. Athletes with physical disability were included in 13 (3%) studies and no studies included athletes with intellectual disabilities. Socioeconomic factors were addressed in 29 (6%) studies. DISCUSSION Neurophysiological and biomechanical domains are frequently addressed. Affective, socioenvironmental and cognitive tools are under-represented. Potential tools for use by researchers and clinicians are highlighted. Defining and classifying pain and determining predominant pain mechanisms is needed in both research and clinical practice. More work on underrepresented populations is needed. CONCLUSION This review informs researchers and clinicians working with athletes in pain how pain assessment and classification is currently conducted and highlights future priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciarán Purcell
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara Duignan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brona M Fullen
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shiofra Ryan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tomas Ward
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, School of Computing, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian Caulfield
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Insight SFI Research Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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von Gerhardt AL, Reurink G, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Verhagen E, Krabben K, Mooren J, Gal JSI, Brons A, Joorse R, van den Broek B, Kemler E, Tol JL. Effectiveness of a judo-specific injury prevention programme: a randomised controlled trial in recreational judo athletes. Br J Sports Med 2023; 57:450-456. [PMID: 36717214 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of a trainer-supervised judo-specific injury prevention warm-up programme on overall injury prevalence. METHODS We conducted a two-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial; the Injury Prevention and Performance Optimization Netherlands (IPPON) study. Judo athletes aged≥12 years were randomised by judo school to IPPON intervention or control group who performed their usual warm-up. Primary outcome was overall injury prevalence (%) over the follow-up period (16-26 weeks) measured fortnightly with the Oslo Sports and Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire. A modified intention-to-treat analysis was performed due to COVID-19, with estimates for the primary outcome obtained using generalised linear mixed models. Secondary outcomes included: prevalence of severe injuries, overall incidence, time-loss injuries, exposure, adherence and experiences of trainers and athletes. RESULTS 269 judo athletes (IPPON: 117, Control: 152) were included. Mean injury prevalence over 16-26 weeks was 23% (95% CI 20% to 26%) in the IPPON and 28% (95% CI 25% to 30%) in the control group. We observed no significant difference of all reported injuries (OR 0.72 in favour of the IPPON group; 95% CI 0.37 to 1.39). Secondary outcomes also demonstrated no significant differences between groups. Specifically, no significant difference of severe injuries was reported (OR 0.80 in favour of the IPPON group; 95% CI 0.36 to 1.78). All trainers and 70% of athletes perceived the IPPON intervention as successful. CONCLUSION The IPPON intervention did not significantly reduce the overall and severe injury prevalence. Despite this, we suggest the IPPON intervention be considered as an useful alternative to regular judo warm-up, given the high adherence and the positive clinical experiences of trainers and athletes. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NTR7698.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber L von Gerhardt
- Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC-Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands .,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guus Reurink
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC-Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Public and Occupational Health, EMGO, Amsterdam UMC Locatie VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Krabben
- Judo Bond Nederland (JBN), Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Mooren
- Sports Medicine, CWZ, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arnold Brons
- International Judo Federation (IJF) Medical Committee, Boedapest, Hungary
| | - Ronald Joorse
- Amsterdam Football Club (AFC) Ajax, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ellen Kemler
- Dutch Consumer Safety Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Amsterdam UMC-Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Flore Z, Hambly K, De Coninck K, Welsch G. Time-loss and recurrence of lateral ligament ankle sprains in male elite football: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1690-1709. [PMID: 35904448 PMCID: PMC9804772 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A literature search was conducted to systematically review and meta-analyze time-loss and recurrence rate of lateral ankle sprains (LAS) in male professional football players. Six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PEDRO, CINAHL, and Cochrane) were searched independently, separately both for time-loss and recurrence from inception until April 30, 2021. In addition, reference lists were screened manually to find additional literature. Cohort studies, case reports, case-control studies and RCT in English language of male professional football players (aged more than 16 years) for which data on time-loss or recurrence rates of LAS were available were included. A total of 13 (recurrence) and 12 (time-loss) studies met the inclusion criteria. The total sample size of the recurrence studies was 36,201 participants (44,404 overall initial injuries; 7944 initial ankle sprain [AS] injuries, 1193 recurrent AS injuries). 16,442 professional football players (4893 initial AS injuries; 748 recurrent AS injuries) were meta-analyzed. A recurrence rate of 17.11% (95% CI: 13.31-20.92%; df = 12; Q = 19.53; I2 = 38.57%) based on the random-effects model was determined. A total of 7736 participants were part of the time-loss studies (35,888 total injuries; 4848 total ankle injuries; 3370 AS injuries). Out of the 7736 participants, 7337 participants met the inclusion criteria with a total of 3346 AS injuries. The average time-loss was 15 days (weighted mean: 15.92; median: 14.95; min: 9.55; max: 52.9). We determined a priori considerable heterogeneity (CI: 18.15-22.08; df = 11; Q = 158; I2 = 93%), so that the data on time-loss are only presented descriptively. There is an average time-loss of 15 days per LAS and a recurrence rate of 17%. LAS is one of the most common types of injury with higher recurrence rates than ACL injuries (9%-12%) in professional football players. Nevertheless, the focus of research in recent years has been mostly on ACL injuries. However, the high recurrence rates and long-term consequences show the necessity for research in the field of LAS in elite football. Yet, heterogeneous data lead to difficulties concerning the aspect of comparability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Flore
- University of Kent, School of Sport and Exercise SciencesCanterburyUK,Hamburger SV, Fußball AGHamburgGermany,University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfUKE‐AthleticumHamburgGermany
| | - Karen Hambly
- University of Kent, School of Sport and Exercise SciencesCanterburyUK
| | - Kyra De Coninck
- University of Kent, School of Sport and Exercise SciencesCanterburyUK
| | - Götz Welsch
- University Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfUKE‐AthleticumHamburgGermany,Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
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9
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Horan D, Büttner F, Blake C, Hägglund M, Kelly S, Delahunt E. Injury incidence rates in women's football: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective injury surveillance studies. Br J Sports Med 2022; 57:471-480. [PMID: 36229168 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature to establish overall, match and training injury incidence rates (IIRs) in senior (≥18 years of age) women's football (amateur club, elite club and international). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of overall, match and training IIRs in senior women's football, stratified by injury location, type and severity. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE via PubMed; EMBASE via Ovid; CINAHL via EBSCO and Web of Science were searched from earliest record to July 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES (1) football players participating in a senior women's football league (amateur club or elite club) or a senior women's international football tournament; (2) the study had to report IIRs or provide sufficient data from which this outcome metric could be calculated through standardised equations; (3) a full-text article published in a peer-reviewed journal before July 2021; (4) a prospective injury surveillance study and (5) case reports on single teams were ineligible. RESULTS 17 articles met the inclusion criteria; amateur club (n=2), elite club (n=10), international (n=5). Overall, match and training 'time-loss' IIRs are similar between senior women's elite club football and international football. 'Time-loss' training IIRs in senior women's elite club football and international football are approximately 6-7 times lower than their equivalent match IIRs. Overall 'time-loss' IIRs stratified by injury type in women's elite club football were 2.70/1000 hours (95% CI 1.12 to 6.50) for muscle and tendon, 2.62/1000 hours (95% CI 1.26 to 5.46) for joint and ligaments, and 0.76/1000 hours (95% CI 0.55 to 1.03) for contusions. Due to the differences in injury definitions, it was not possible to aggregate IIRs for amateur club football. CONCLUSION Lower limb injuries incurred during matches are a substantial problem in senior women's football. The prevention of lower limb joint, ligament, muscle and tendon injuries should be a central focus of injury prevention interventions in senior women's amateur club, elite club and international football. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020162895.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Horan
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland .,High Performance Department, Football Association of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionn Büttner
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Football Research Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Seamus Kelly
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Ahmed I, Amarnani R, Fisher C. The metabolic crossroad of the adolescent athlete: achieving peak bone mass during athletic development. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:1330-1331. [PMID: 35902209 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmed
- Sports Medicine Department, Homerton University Hospital, London, UK
| | - Raj Amarnani
- Sports Medicine Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Corinne Fisher
- Adolescent Rheumatology Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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11
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Jones B, Tooby J, Weaving D, Till K, Owen C, Begonia M, Stokes KA, Rowson S, Phillips G, Hendricks S, Falvey ÉC, Al-Dawoud M, Tierney G. Ready for impact? A validity and feasibility study of instrumented mouthguards (iMGs). Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:bjsports-2022-105523. [PMID: 35879022 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2022-105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess the validity and feasibility of current instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) and associated systems. METHODS Phase I; four iMG systems (Biocore-Football Research Inc (FRI), HitIQ, ORB, Prevent) were compared against dummy headform laboratory criterion standards (25, 50, 75, 100 g). Phase II; four iMG systems were evaluated for on-field validity of iMG-triggered events against video-verification to determine true-positives, false-positives and false-negatives (20±9 player matches per iMG). Phase III; four iMG systems were evaluated by 18 rugby players, for perceptions of fit, comfort and function. Phase IV; three iMG systems (Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, Prevent) were evaluated for practical feasibility (System Usability Scale (SUS)) by four practitioners. RESULTS Phase I; total concordance correlation coefficients were 0.986, 0.965, 0.525 and 0.984 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Phase II; different on-field kinematics were observed between iMGs. Positive predictive values were 0.98, 0.90, 0.53 and 0.94 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Sensitivity values were 0.51, 0.40, 0.71 and 0.75 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ, ORB and Prevent. Phase III; player perceptions of fit, comfort and function were 77%, 6/10, 55% for Biocore-FRI, 88%, 8/10, 61% for HitIQ, 65%, 5/10, 43% for ORB and 85%, 8/10, 67% for Prevent. Phase IV; SUS (preparation-management) was 51.3-50.6/100, 71.3-78.8/100 and 83.8-80.0/100 for Biocore-FRI, HitIQ and Prevent. CONCLUSION This study shows differences between current iMG systems exist. Sporting organisations can use these findings when evaluating which iMG system is most appropriate to monitor head acceleration events in athletes, supporting player welfare initiatives related to concussion and head acceleration exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Jones
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
- Leeds Rhinos, Leeds, UK
- Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Division of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Tooby
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Dan Weaving
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Kevin Till
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Rhinos, Leeds, UK
| | - Cameron Owen
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Begonia
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | - Steven Rowson
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Gemma Phillips
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- England Performance Unit, Rugby Football League, Manchester, UK
- Hull Kingston Rovers, Hull, UK
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
- Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Division of Exercise and Sports Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Éanna Cian Falvey
- World Rugby, World Rugby, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marwan Al-Dawoud
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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12
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Dalen-Lorentsen T. Training load and health problems in football: more complex than we first thought? (PhD Academy Award). Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:592-593. [PMID: 35193855 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-105403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torstein Dalen-Lorentsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway .,Department of Smart Senors and Microsystems, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Cloosterman KLA, Fokkema T, de Vos RJ, Visser E, Krastman P, IJzerman J, Koes BW, Verhaar JAN, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, van Middelkoop M. Educational online prevention programme (the SPRINT study) has no effect on the number of running-related injuries in recreational runners: a randomised-controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:676-682. [PMID: 35197248 PMCID: PMC9163714 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an enhanced online injury prevention programme on the number of running-related injuries (RRIs) in recreational runners. METHODS We conducted a randomised-controlled trial in runners who registered for running events (distances: 10-42.195 km) in the Netherlands. Adult runners who provided informed consent were randomised into the intervention or control group. Participants in the intervention group received access to the online prevention programme, which included items to prevent RRIs. Participants in the control group followed their regular preparation for the running event. The primary outcome measure was the number of new RRIs from baseline to 1 month after the running event. To determine differences between injury proportions, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS This study included 4050 recreational runners (63.5% males; mean (SD) age: 42.3 (12.1) years) for analyses. During follow-up, 35.5% (95% CI: 33.5 to 37.6) of the participants in the intervention group sustained a new RRI compared with 35.4% (95% CI: 33.3 to 37.5) of the participants in the control group, with no between-group difference (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.90 to 1.17). There was a positive association between the number of items followed in the injury prevention programme and the number of RRIs (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.11). CONCLUSION The enhanced online injury prevention programme had no effect on the number of RRIs in recreational runners, and being compliant with the programme paradoxically was associated with a slightly higher injury rate. Future studies should focus on individual targeted prevention with emphasis on the timing and application of preventive measures. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NL7694.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyra L A Cloosterman
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tryntsje Fokkema
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan de Vos
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Visser
- Department of Physical Therapy, Sportgeneeskunde Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Krastman
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Rotterdam Marathon Study Group, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart W Koes
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Center for Muscle and Joint Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan A N Verhaar
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sita M A Bierma-Zeinstra
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marienke van Middelkoop
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Eliason P, Hagel BE, Palacios-Derflingher L, Warriyar K V V, Bonfield S, Black AM, Babul S, Mrazik M, Lebrun C, Emery C. No association found between body checking experience and injury or concussion rates in adolescent ice hockey players. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:1337-1344. [PMID: 35168958 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare rates of injury and concussion among U-15 (ages 13-14 years) ice hockey players playing in leagues allowing body checking, but who have a varying number of years of body checking experience. METHODS This 5-year longitudinal cohort included U-15 ice hockey players playing in leagues where policy allowed body checking. Years of body checking experience were classified based on national/local body checking policy. All ice hockey game-related injuries were identified using a validated injury surveillance methodology. Players with a suspected concussion were referred to a study sport medicine physician. Multiple multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed, adjusting for important covariates and a random effect at a team level (offset by game exposure hours), to estimate injury and concussion incidence rate ratios (IRRs). RESULTS In total, 1647 players participated, contributing 1842 player-seasons (195 players participating in two seasons). Relative to no body checking experience, no significant differences were found in the adjusted IRRs for game-related injury for players with 1 year (IRR=1.06; 95% CI: 0.77 to 1.45) or 2+ years (IRR=1.16; 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.84) body checking experience. Similarly, no differences were found in the rates of concussion for players with 1 year (IRR=0.92; 95% CI: 0.59 to 1.42) or 2+ years (IRR=0.69; 95% CI: 0.38 to 1.25) body checking experience. CONCLUSIONS Among ice hockey players aged 13-14 years participating in leagues permitting body checking, the adjusted rates of all injury and concussion were not significantly different between those that had body checking experience and those that did not. Based on these findings, no association was found between body checking experience and rates of injury or concussion specifically in adolescent ice hockey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eliason
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Albert, Canada .,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Albert, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luz Palacios-Derflingher
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Albert, Canada.,Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Australian Health Services Research Institute (AHSRI), Faculty of Business and Law, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Vineetha Warriyar K V
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Albert, Canada
| | - Stephan Bonfield
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Albert, Canada
| | - Amanda Marie Black
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Albert, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- British Columbia Injury Research and Prevention Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Mrazik
- Faculty of Education, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Constance Lebrun
- Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry and Glen Sather Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Albert, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Heiestad H, Myklebust G, Funnemark K, Holm Moseid C. Closing the gap on injury prevention: the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre four-platform model for translating research into practice. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:482-483. [PMID: 35131749 PMCID: PMC9016234 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hege Heiestad
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe Myklebust
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaja Funnemark
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Minasian B, Hope N. Surfing on the world stage: a narrative review of acute and overuse injuries and preventative measures for the competitive and recreational surfer. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:51-60. [PMID: 34862173 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Surfing has rapidly grown in popularity as the sport made its debut at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Surfing injuries are becoming more relevant with the globalisation and increasing risks of the sport, but despite this, little is known about surfing injuries or prevention strategies in either the competitive or recreational surfer. Prior research demonstrates that surfers are injured at a frequency of 0.74-1.79 injuries per 1000 hours of surfing. We reviewed the literature for the incidence, anatomical distribution, type and underlying mechanism of acute and overuse injuries, and discuss current preventative measures. This review finds that skin injuries represent the highest proportion of total injuries. Acute injuries most frequently affect the head, neck and face, followed by the lower limbs. Being struck by one's own board is the most common mechanism of injury. Non-contact acute ligament injuries have increased as surfing manoeuvres have become more acrobatic and overuse musculoskeletal injuries are highly correlated with paddling. However, there is a paucity of research for surfing injuries, and studies on overuse musculoskeletal injuries and prevention are disproportionally under-represented. Most of the prior studies are limited by small sample sizes, poor data collection methodology and geographical constraints. Further research is needed to establish preventative measures for both acute and overuse surfing injuries and to ensure the increasing popularity of surfing is met with an improved understanding of sport risks and safety. Specifically, we recommend research be prioritised regarding the efficacy of training programmes to prevent surfing-related overuse musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Minasian
- Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia .,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Hope
- University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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17
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Skrubbeltrang LS, Rossing NN, Rathleff MS, Côté J, Agergaard S. Can we do better? Towards a child-centred approach in the rehabilitation of paediatric sport injuries. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:242-243. [PMID: 34697027 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Skovdal Rathleff
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jean Côté
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sine Agergaard
- Health Science and Technology, Aalborg Universitet, Aalborg East, Denmark
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18
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Hoegh M, Stanton T, George S, Lyng KD, Vistrup S, Rathleff MS. Infographic. Pain or injury? Why differentiation matters in exercise and sports medicine. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:299-300. [PMID: 34531187 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hoegh
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tasha Stanton
- IIMPACT in Health, Allied Health & Human Performance Academic Unit, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Steven George
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kristian Damgaard Lyng
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Sabina Vistrup
- Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Michael Skovdal Rathleff
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Center for General Practice at Aalborg University, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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19
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Rees H, Matthews J, McCarthy Persson U, Delahunt E, Boreham C, Blake C. Coaches' attitudes to injury and injury prevention: a qualitative study of Irish field hockey coaches. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001074. [PMID: 34345440 PMCID: PMC8320248 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Translating injury prevention research into practice has been challenging, which may be due to a poor understanding of the contextual factors influencing the occurrence of injury. Coaches are key figure in sporting environments and hold pivotal roles in preventing injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of field hockey coaches to injury and injury prevention. Thirteen field hockey coaches from the amateur Irish Hockey League were interviewed. Reflexive thematic analysis led to three general dimensions comprised five higher-order themes, categorised from 16 lower-order themes. Coaches had positive beliefs regarding the benefits of injury prevention over injury management. However, they lacked the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully implement injury prevention strategies with players. Coaches recognised the importance of empowering players to self-manage training loads to promote injury prevention but acknowledged the need to protect younger players from increased loads. Many barriers to injury prevention were not controllable by coaches including fixture congestion and poor structuring of the sport's domestic calendar. While coaches can play a key role in the implementation of injury prevention strategies, there is also a requirement to examine how system level barriers to injury prevention can be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw Rees
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Matthews
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ulrik McCarthy Persson
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eamonn Delahunt
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Boreham
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute for Sport and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Dijkstra HP, Ardern CL, Serner A, Mosler AB, Weir A, Roberts NW, Mc Auliffe S, Oke JL, Khan KM, Clarke M, Glyn-Jones S. Primary cam morphology; bump, burden or bog-standard? A concept analysis. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1212-1221. [PMID: 34281962 PMCID: PMC8551977 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cam morphology, a distinct bony morphology of the hip, is prevalent in many athletes, and a risk factor for hip-related pain and osteoarthritis. Secondary cam morphology, due to existing or previous hip disease (eg, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease), is well-described. Cam morphology not clearly associated with a disease is a challenging concept for clinicians, scientists and patients. We propose this morphology, which likely develops during skeletal maturation as a physiological response to load, should be referred to as primary cam morphology. The aim of this study was to introduce and clarify the concept of primary cam morphology. DESIGN We conducted a concept analysis of primary cam morphology using articles that reported risk factors associated with primary cam morphology; we excluded articles on secondary cam morphology. The concept analysis method is a rigorous eight-step process designed to clarify complex 'concepts'; the end product is a precise definition that supports the theoretical basis of the chosen concept. RESULTS We propose five defining attributes of primary cam morphology-tissue type, size, site, shape and ownership-in a new conceptual and operational definition. Primary cam morphology is a cartilage or bony prominence (bump) of varying size at the femoral head-neck junction, which changes the shape of the femoral head from spherical to aspherical. It often occurs in asymptomatic male athletes in both hips. The cartilage or bone alpha angle (calculated from radiographs, CT or MRI) is the most common method to measure cam morphology. We found inconsistent reporting of primary cam morphology taxonomy, terminology, and how the morphology is operationalised. CONCLUSION We introduce and clarify primary cam morphology, and propose a new conceptual and operational definition. Several elements of the concept of primary cam morphology remain unclear and contested. Experts need to agree on the new taxonomy, terminology and definition that better reflect the primary cam morphology landscape-a bog-standard bump in most athletic hips, and a possible hip disease burden in a selected few.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Paul Dijkstra
- Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK .,Department of Medical Education, Aspetar Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Clare L Ardern
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University College of Science Health and Engineering, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Musculoskeletal and Sports Injury Epidemiology Center, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Serner
- Research & Scientific Support, Aspetar Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Andrea Britt Mosler
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University College of Science Health and Engineering, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Weir
- Aspetar Sports Groin Pain Centre, Aspetar Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nia Wyn Roberts
- Bodleain Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford Bodleian Libraries, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean Mc Auliffe
- Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jason L Oke
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Karim M Khan
- Family Practice & Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mike Clarke
- Northern Ireland Methodology Hub, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Siôn Glyn-Jones
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Lemes IR, Souza TR, De Oliveira Silva D, Lage VN, Roch BAB, Verhagen E, Bolling C, Aquino CF, Fonseca ST, Pinto RZ. Infographic. Exercise-based prevention programmes for non-contact musculoskeletal injuries in football (soccer). Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:61-62. [PMID: 34167941 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Italo Ribeiro Lemes
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thales R Souza
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danilo De Oliveira Silva
- La Trobe Sport and Medicine Research Centre (LASEM), La Trobe University, Bundoora / Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vitor N Lage
- Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bárbara A B Roch
- Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Ferreira Aquino
- Physical Therapy, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Divinópolis, Brazil.,Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Sérgio T Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Zambelli Pinto
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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22
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Emery CA, Eliason P, Warriyar V, Palacios-Derflingher L, Black AM, Krolikowski M, Spencer N, Sick S, Kozak S, Schneider KJ, Babul S, Mrazik M, Lebrun C, Goulet C, Macpherson A, Hagel BE. Body checking in non-elite adolescent ice hockey leagues: it is never too late for policy change aiming to protect the health of adolescents. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:12-17. [PMID: 34016603 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of policy change disallowing body checking in adolescent ice hockey leagues (ages 15-17) on reducing rates of injury and concussion. METHODS This is a prospective cohort study. Players 15-17 years-old were recruited from teams in non-elite divisions of play (lower 40%-70% by division of play depending on year and city of play in leagues where policy permits or prohibit body checking in Alberta and British Columbia, Canada (2015-18). A validated injury surveillance methodology supported baseline, exposure-hours and injury data collection. Any player with a suspected concussion was referred to a study physician. Primary outcomes include game-related injuries, game-related injuries (>7 days time loss), game-related concussions and game-related concussions (>10 days time loss). RESULTS 44 teams (453 player-seasons) from non-body checking and 52 teams (674 player-seasons) from body checking leagues participated. In body checking leagues there were 213 injuries (69 concussions) and in non-body checking leagues 40 injuries (18 concussions) during games. Based on multiple multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression analyses, policy prohibiting body checking was associated with a lower rate of injury (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.38 (95% CI 0.24 to 0.6)) and concussion (IRR: 0.49; 95% CI 0.26 to 0.89). This translates to an absolute rate reduction of 7.82 injuries/1000 game-hours (95% CI 2.74 to 12.9) and the prevention of 7326 injuries (95% CI 2570 to 12083) in Canada annually. CONCLUSIONS The rate of injury was 62% lower (concussion 51% lower) in leagues not permitting body checking in non-elite 15-17 years old leagues highlighting the potential public health impact of policy prohibiting body checking in older adolescent ice hockey players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada .,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Eliason
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vineetha Warriyar
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Luz Palacios-Derflingher
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amanda Marie Black
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maciek Krolikowski
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicole Spencer
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stacy Sick
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stacy Kozak
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Injury Research & Prevention Unit, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Mrazik
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Constance Lebrun
- Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Claude Goulet
- Department of Physical Education, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alison Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology & Health SCience, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brent E Hagel
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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23
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Patel AD, Bullock GS, Wrigley J, Paterno MV, Sell TC, Losciale JM. Does sex affect second ACL injury risk? A systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:873-882. [PMID: 34001504 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine sex-based differences in risk of a second ACL injury (overall and by laterality) following primary ACL reconstruction in athletes who are attempting to return to sport. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Systematic search of five databases conducted in August 2019. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies reporting sex-based differences in the incidence of second ACL injury in athletes attempting to return-to-sports and who were followed for at least 1 year following primary ACL reconstruction. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included in this review, with seven studies excluded from the primary meta-analysis due to high risk of bias. The remaining 12 studies (n=1431 females, n=1513 males) underwent meta-analysis, with all 19 studies included in a sensitivity analysis. Total second ACL injury risk was 21.9% (females: 22.8%, males: 20.3%). Females were found to have 10.7% risk of an ipsilateral ACL injury and 11.8% risk of a contralateral ACL injury. Males were found to have 12.0% risk of an ipsilateral ACL injury and 8.7% risk of a contralateral ACL injury. No statistically significant differences were observed for total second ACL injury risk (risk difference=-0.6%, 95% CI -4.9 to 3.7, p=0.783, I2=41%) or contralateral ACL injury risk (risk difference=1.9%, 95% CI -0.5% to 4.4%, p=0.113, I2=15%) between sexes. Females were found to have a 3.4% absolute risk reduction in subsequent ipsilateral ACL injury risk compared with males (risk difference=-3.4%, 95% CI -6.7% to -0.02%, p=0.037, I2=35%). CONCLUSION Both sexes have >20% increased risk of experiencing a second ACL injury. Any difference in the absolute risk of either a subsequent ipsilateral or contralateral ACL injury between sexes appears to be small. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42020148369).
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash D Patel
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Garrett S Bullock
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Jordan Wrigley
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark V Paterno
- Division of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Timothy C Sell
- Atrium Health Musculoskeletal Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Justin M Losciale
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .,Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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24
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Lemes IR, Pinto RZ, Lage VN, Roch BAB, Verhagen E, Bolling C, Aquino CF, Fonseca ST, Souza TR. Do exercise-based prevention programmes reduce non-contact musculoskeletal injuries in football (soccer)? A systematic review and meta-analysis with 13 355 athletes and more than 1 million exposure hours. Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:1170-1178. [PMID: 34001503 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of exercise-based programmes in the prevention of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries among football players in comparison to a control group. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PEDro and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from the earliest record to January 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Studies were eligible if they (1) included football players aged 13 years or older, (2) used exercise-based programmes as intervention, (3) presented the number of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries (ie, defined as any acute sudden onset musculoskeletal injury that occurred without physical contact) and exposure hours for each group, and (4) had a control group (eg, usual training, minimal intervention, education). All types of exercise-based prevention programmes were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias for each included study and overall quality of evidence for the meta-analysis were assessed. RESULTS Ten original randomised controlled trials with 13 355 football players and 1 062 711 hours of exposure were selected. Pooled injury risk ratio showed very low-quality evidence that exercise-based prevention programmes reduced the risk of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries by 23% (0.77 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.97)) compared with a control group. CONCLUSION Exercise-based prevention programmes may reduce the risk of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries by 23% among football players. Future high-quality trials are still needed to clarify the role of exercise-based programmes in preventing non-contact musculoskeletal injuries among football players. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020173017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Italo Ribeiro Lemes
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Zambelli Pinto
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vitor N Lage
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara A B Roch
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports & Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports & Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Ferreira Aquino
- Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais (UEMG), Divinópolis, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio T Fonseca
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thales R Souza
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil .,Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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25
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Gabbett T, Sancho I, Dingenen B, Willy RW. When progressing training loads, what are the considerations for healthy and injured athletes? Br J Sports Med 2021; 55:947-948. [PMID: 33837004 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia .,Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia
| | - Igor Sancho
- Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,Physiotherapy Department, University of Deusto, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Bart Dingenen
- Reval Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Richard W Willy
- Physical Therapy and Movement Science, University of Montana Missoula, Missoula, Montana, USA
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26
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Suzuki K, Nagai S, Iwai K, Furukawa T, Takemura M. How does the situation before a tackle influence a tackler's head placement in rugby union?: application of the decision tree analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e000949. [PMID: 33791104 PMCID: PMC7978105 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tacklers need to decide where to place their head based on the evasive manoeuvres of the ball-carrier and positional relationship with the ball-carrier before tackle. Therefore, it is difficult for tacklers to improve incorrect head placement at the moment of contact. Moreover, the characteristics prior to tackle have a relationship with the tackler's head placement. However, how situations lead to incorrect head placement remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify pre-contact situations that lead to incorrect head placement by using decision tree analysis. Methods Tackles leading to concussions were used to identify events that provoked injury using the video recordings of matches. Injury-free tackle was used as a control. All tackles were classified according to head placements and coded from seven pre-contact factors configured aspect of both tacklers and ball-carriers. Results Three situations that led to incorrect head placement were identified. Evasive manoeuvres implemented by the ball-carrier significantly contributed to the head placement at the time of contact. Conclusion Our findings suggest that tacklers should keep their heads up to identify the movements of the ball-carrier, which might lead to tackling the head on the correct side at the moment of tackling and decrease the risk of tackler-related concussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Suzuki
- Sports Research and Development Core, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagai
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba International University, Tsuchiura, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwai
- Center of Humanities and Sciences, Ibaraki Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takuo Furukawa
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takemura
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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27
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Heneghan NR, Collacott E, Martin P, Spencer S, Rushton A. Lumbosacral injuries in elite Paralympic athletes with limb deficiency: a retrospective analysis of patient records. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001001. [PMID: 33500786 PMCID: PMC7813422 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to injury data in able-bodied athletes, relatively little literature exists for Paralympic athletes. Injury data underpins the design and evaluation of injury prevention strategies in elite sport. The aim of this study was to investigate frequency, characteristics and management of lumbosacral injuries in elite athletes with limb deficiency. Methods A retrospective analysis of injuries in elite athletes with limb deficiency (2008 to 2017) was conducted using available data extracted from The English Institute of Sport (EIS) clinical records. Eligibility criteria: funded athletes, eligible for EIS physiotherapy support with full or partial limb deficiency. Data were analysed descriptively using frequencies. Results A total of 107 injuries from 32 athletes were included. Participants comprised 18 men (59%), from 9 sports, with mean age for index injuries of 27 years (range 18 to 38 years) and 15 with congenital limb deficiency (47%). Average number of index injuries for congenital and traumatic limb deficient groups were 13 and 19, respectively. Where injury onset was recorded (n=79), half of injuries occurred during training (40%, n=43). Arthrogenic structures accounted for 32.7% of injuries, myogenic 26.2%, with neurogenic, discogenic and osteogenic each <5%. The number of treatments delivered in each injury episode ranged from 1 to 43, with symptom resolution taking 2 to 439 days. Conclusion Elite athletes with limb deficiency experience lumbosacral injuries predominantly involving muscles and joints. While consistency and accuracy of data recording limits definitive conclusions, findings highlight the importance of precision in recording injury data as part of surveillance to enable implementation of effective injury prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola R Heneghan
- Centre for Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Esther Collacott
- Centre for Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Physiotherapy, Birmingham Royal Ballet, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Martin
- Physiotherapy, The English Institute of Sport, London, UK
| | - Simon Spencer
- Physiotherapy, The English Institute of Sport, Newport, UK
| | - Alison Rushton
- Centre for Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Lowenstein NA, Ostergaard PJ, Haber DB, Garvey KD, Matzkin EG. Sex differences in outcomes after arthroscopic bankart repair. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000965. [PMID: 33437497 PMCID: PMC7780536 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2020-000965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Risk factors for anterior shoulder dislocation include young age, contact activities and male sex. The influence of sex on patient-reported outcomes of arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) is unclear, with few studies reporting potential differences. This study’s purpose was to compare patient-reported outcomes of males and females following ABR. Methods Prospectively collected data was analysed for 281 patients (males: 206, females: 75) after ABR with preoperative, 1-year and 2-year follow-up responses. The Wilcoxon signed-rank and χ2 tests, preoperative, 1 year and 2 year follow-up results were examined to determine differences of scores in males versus females. Results No statistically significant sex differences were observed in Simple Shoulder Test (SST), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) or Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE) Scores at 1-year or 2-year follow-up. Females had lower Veterans RAND 12-item health survey (VR-12) mental health subscores at 2-year follow-up (females: 52.3±9.0, males: 55.8±7.6, p=0.0016). Females were more likely to report that treatment had ‘exceeded expectations’ at 2-year follow-up regarding motion, strength, function and normal sports activities. Conclusion Results of study demonstrate that ABR has similar outcomes for both males and females. There were no statistically significant sex-related differences in SST, ASES, VAS or SANE scores following ABR. VR-12 mental health subscores showed a minimal difference at 2-year follow-up, with lower scores in females. Level of evidence Retrospective cohort study; level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A Lowenstein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter J Ostergaard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel B Haber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kirsten D Garvey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Matzkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Lystad RP, Alevras A, Rudy I, Soligard T, Engebretsen L. Injury incidence, severity and profile in Olympic combat sports: a comparative analysis of 7712 athlete exposures from three consecutive Olympic Games. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:1077-1083. [PMID: 33219113 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe and compare the epidemiology of competition injuries in unarmed combat sports (ie, boxing, judo, taekwondo and wrestling) in three consecutive Olympic Games. METHODS Prospective cohort study using injury data from the IOC injury surveillance system and exposure data from official tournament records at three consecutive Olympic Games (ie, Beijing 2008, London 2012 and Rio de Janeiro 2016). Competition injury incidence rates per 1000 min of exposure (IIRME) were calculated with 95% CIs using standard formulae for Poisson rates. RESULTS The overall IIRME was 7.8 (95% CI 7.0 to 8.7). The IIRME in judo (9.6 (95% CI 7.8 to 11.7)), boxing (9.2 (95% CI 7.6 to 10.9)) and taekwondo (7.7 (95% CI 5.6 to 10.5)) were significantly higher than in wrestling (4.8 (95% CI 3.6 to 6.2)). The proportion of injuries resulting in >7 days absence from competition or training was higher in wrestling (39.6%), judo (35.9%) and taekwondo (32.5%) than in boxing (21.0%). There was no difference in injury risk by sex, weight category or tournament round, but athletes that lost had significantly higher IIRME compared with their winning opponents (rate ratio 3.59 (95% CI 2.68 to 4.79)). CONCLUSION Olympic combat sport athletes sustained, on average, one injury every 2.1 hours of competition. The risk of injury was significantly higher in boxing, judo and taekwondo than in wrestling. About 30% of injuries sustained during competition resulted in >7 days absence from competition or training. There is a need for identifying modifiable risk factors for injury in Olympic combat sports, which in turn can be targeted by injury prevention initiatives to reduce the burden of injury among combat sport athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reidar P Lystad
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Alevras
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iris Rudy
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Truong LK, Bekker S, Whittaker JL. Removing the training wheels: embracing the social, contextual and psychological in sports medicine. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:466-467. [PMID: 33184111 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Truong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .,Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Jackie L Whittaker
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Arthritis Research Centre of Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada
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31
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van Ierssel J, Osmond M, Hamid J, Sampson M, Zemek R. What is the risk of recurrent concussion in children and adolescents aged 5-18 years? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:663-669. [PMID: 33077482 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the risk of concussion in children with a previous history of concussion. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. The primary outcome was number of children with and without a previous lifetime history of concussion who sustained a diagnosed concussion within each study period. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random effects model was used to estimate a pooled risk ratio (RR) with corresponding 95% CIs; results were summarised in forest plots. DATA SOURCES Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus) and selected reference lists were searched (PROSPERO registration No CRD42019135462). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Original English language peer-reviewed publications that compared concussion risk in children aged 5-18 years with and without a previous concussion history in which risk estimates were reported or able to be calculated. RESULTS Of 732 identified studies, 7 studies representing 23 411 children (risk of bias range, 7-9; maximum possible score=9) were included for meta-analysis. Pooled risk of sustaining a concussion was more than three times greater in children with a previous concussion compared with those with no previous concussion (RR=3.64; 95% CI: 2.68 to 4.96; p<0.0001; I 2=90.55%). Unreported sex-stratified data precluded direct comparison of concussion risk in male versus female athletes. CONCLUSION Previously concussed children have four times the risk of sustaining a concussion compared with those with no previous concussion history. This should be a consideration for clinicians in return to sport decision-making. Future studies examining subsequent recurrent concussion in youth sports must consider sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Osmond
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Emergency Department, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jemila Hamid
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret Sampson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Emergency Department, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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32
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Pedersen M, Johnson JL, Grindem H, Magnusson K, Snyder-Mackler L, Risberg MA. Meniscus or Cartilage Injury at the Time of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear Is Associated With Worse Prognosis for Patient-Reported Outcome 2 to 10 Years After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: A Systematic Review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020; 50:490-502. [PMID: 32741324 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2020.9451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To assess prognostic factors for patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and physical activity 2 to 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and (2) to assess differences in prognostic factors between patients treated with ACLR and with rehabilitation alone. DESIGN Prognosis systematic review. LITERATURE SEARCH Systematic searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA We selected prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials that included adults or adolescents undergoing either ACLR or rehabilitation alone after ACL rupture. Studies had to assess the statistical association between potential prognostic factors (factors related to patient characteristics, injury, or knee symptoms/function measured at baseline or within 1 year) and outcomes (PROMs and physical activity). DATA SYNTHESIS Our search yielded 997 references. Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies with low or moderate risk of bias remained for data synthesis. RESULTS Moderate-certainty evidence indicated that concomitant meniscus and cartilage injuries were prognostic factors for worse PROMs 2 to 10 years after ACLR. Very low-certainty evidence suggested that body mass index, smoking, and baseline PROMs were prognostic factors for worse outcome. Very low-certainty evidence suggested that female sex and a worse baseline Marx Activity Rating Scale score were prognostic factors for a worse Marx Activity Rating Scale score 2 to 10 years after ACLR. There was a lack of studies on prognostic factors after rehabilitation alone. CONCLUSION Concomitant meniscus and cartilage injuries were prognostic factors for worse long-term PROMs after ACLR. The certainty was very low for other prognostic factors. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2020;50(9):490-502. Epub 1 Aug 2020. doi:10.2519/jospt.2020.9451.
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Crossley KM, Patterson BE, Culvenor AG, Bruder AM, Mosler AB, Mentiplay BF. Making football safer for women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of injury prevention programmes in 11 773 female football (soccer) players. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1089-1098. [PMID: 32253193 PMCID: PMC7497572 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of injury prevention programmes on injury incidence in any women’s football code; explore relationships between training components and injury risk; and report injury incidence for women’s football. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Nine databases searched in August 2019. Eligibility criteria Randomised controlled trials evaluating any injury prevention programme (eg, exercise, education, braces) were included. Study inclusion criteria were: ≥20 female football players in each study arm (any age, football code or participation level) and injury incidence reporting. Results Twelve studies, all in soccer, met inclusion criteria, with nine involving adolescent teams (aged <18 years). All studies (except one) had a high risk of bias. Eleven studies examined exercise-based programmes, with most (9/11) including multiple (≥2) training components (eg, strength, plyometric, balance exercises). Multicomponent exercise programmes reduced overall (any reported) injuries (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.91) and ACL injuries (IRR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.92). For exercise-based strategies (single-component and multicomponent), hamstring injuries were also reduced (IRR 0.40, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.95). While exercise-based strategies resulted in less knee, ankle and hip/groin injuries, and the use of multiple training components was associated with greater reductions in overall and knee injuries, further studies would be required to increase the precision of these results. The incidence of overall injuries in women’s football was 3.4 per 1000 exposure hours; with ankle injuries most common. Conclusion In women’s football, there is low-level evidence that multicomponent, exercise-based programmes reduce overall and ACL injuries by 27% and 45%, respectively. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018093527.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay M Crossley
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brooke E Patterson
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam G Culvenor
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea M Bruder
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea B Mosler
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin F Mentiplay
- La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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O'Connor S, Lacey P. Can we improve coaches' injury prevention views and implementation practices in the community female Gaelic sport of camogie? BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000732. [PMID: 32509323 PMCID: PMC7254110 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the effect of a nationwide coach education workshop on the attitudes towards, willingness and perceived ability of camogie coaches to implement a Camogie Injury Prevention Programme (CIPP) and their implementation of this programme 4 weeks after the workshop. Methods Coaches (n=98) from all four provinces in Ireland were recruited and completed a questionnaire prior to and immediately following a developed workshop on the CIPP. Four weeks later 40 of the 98 coaches completed a follow-up questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were completed and a mixed between-within analysis of variance was conducted to examine the differences in willingness and perceived ability to conduct the CIPP over time and between genders. Non-parametric tests examined the differences in attitude scores. The implementation rate of the programme 4 weeks following the workshop was also assessed. Results Just 13.4% of coaches had previously heard of the CIPP. Significant improvements in attitudes towards, willingness and perceived ability to conduct the CIPP was noted (p<0.001) post-workshop. Ninety-one per cent of coaches reported that implementing the CIPP in a phased approach with their teams would be beneficial. The camogie coaches primarily viewed the CIPP content favourably, finding the exercises important, relevant and mostly enjoyable. However, some coaches reported that the Nordic hamstring curl is too challenging for players to complete (immediately following workshop: 28.7%; 4 weeks later: 53.3%). Four weeks after the workshop, 72.5% of coaches who responded were implementing the CIPP with their teams in the community. Conclusions Due to the success of the education workshop, the Camogie Association should incorporate this injury prevention workshop into all mandatory camogie coaching education courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán O'Connor
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Lacey
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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Nordstrøm A, Bahr R, Talsnes O, Clarsen B. Prevalence and Burden of Health Problems in Male Elite Ice Hockey Players: A Prospective Study in the Norwegian Professional League. Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120902407. [PMID: 32128316 PMCID: PMC7031791 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120902407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As previous epidemiological studies in elite ice hockey have focused on acute time-loss injuries, little is known about the burden of overuse injuries and illnesses in ice hockey. Purpose To report the prevalence and burden of all health problems in male professional ice hockey players in Norway during a single competitive season. Study Design Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods A total of 225 male ice hockey players in the GET League (the premier professional league) in Norway reported all health problems (acute injuries, overuse injuries, and illnesses) during the 2017-2018 competitive season. Players reported all injuries and illnesses for 31 weeks using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems. Results At any given time, 40% (95% CI, 37%-43%) of players reported symptoms from an injury or illness, and 20% (95% CI, 19%-22%) experienced health problems with a substantial negative impact on training and performance. Acute injuries represented the greatest incidence, prevalence, and burden (defined as the cross-product of severity and incidence). The most burdensome acute injuries were to the head/face, shoulder/clavicle, knee, and ankle. The most burdensome overuse injuries were to the knee, lumbar spine, and hip/groin. Conclusion This registration captured a greater burden from overuse injuries than traditional injury registration, but acute injuries did represent a major problem. These data provide guidance in the development of prevention programs for both acute and overuse injuries, which should focus on the lumbar spine, hip/groin, and knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anine Nordstrøm
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Innlandet Hospital Trust, Elverum, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ben Clarsen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Truong LK, Mosewich AD, Holt CJ, Le CY, Miciak M, Whittaker JL. Psychological, social and contextual factors across recovery stages following a sport-related knee injury: a scoping review. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:1149-1156. [PMID: 32060141 PMCID: PMC7513260 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the role of psychological, social and contextual factors across the recovery stages (ie, acute, rehabilitation or return to sport (RTS)) following a traumatic time-loss sport-related knee injury. Material and methods This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews and Arksey and O’Malley framework. Six databases were searched using predetermined search terms. Included studies consisted of original data written in English that identified or described a psychological, social or contextual factor related to recovery after a traumatic time-loss sport-related knee injury. Two authors independently conducted title–abstract and full-text reviews. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis was undertaken. Results Of 7289 records, 77 studies representing 5540 participants (37% women, 84% anterior cruciate ligament tears, aged 14–60 years) were included. Psychological factors were investigated across all studies, while social and contextual factors were assessed in 39% and 21% of included studies, respectively. A cross-cutting concept of individualisation was present across four psychological (barriers to progress, active coping, independence and recovery expectations), two social (social support and engagement in care) and two contextual (environmental influences and sport culture) themes. Athletes report multiple barriers to recovery and valued their autonomy, having an active role in their recovery and diverse social support. Conclusion Diverse psychological, social and contextual factors are present and influence all stages of recovery following a traumatic sport-related knee injury. A better understanding of these factors at the time of injury and throughout rehabilitation could assist with optimising injury management, promoting RTS, and long-term health-related quality-of-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda K Truong
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, #223, 212 Friedman Building 2177 Westbrook Mall, V6T 1Z3, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amber D Mosewich
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher J Holt
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christina Y Le
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maxi Miciak
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Innovates, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jackie L Whittaker
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, #223, 212 Friedman Building 2177 Westbrook Mall, V6T 1Z3, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Taberner M, van Dyk N, Allen T, Richter C, Howarth C, Scott S, Cohen DD. Physical preparation and return to sport of the football player with a tibia-fibula fracture: applying the 'control-chaos continuum'. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000639. [PMID: 31749984 PMCID: PMC6830476 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact in elite football can result in severe injury such as traumatic fracture. Limited information exists regarding the rehabilitation and return to sport (RTS) of these injuries especially in elite football. We outline the RTS of an elite English Premier League footballer following a tibia-fibula fracture including gym-based physical preparation and the use of 'control-chaos continuum' as a framework for on-pitch sport-specific conditioning, development of technical skills while returning the player to pre-injury chronic running loads considering the qualitative nature of movement in competition. Strength and power diagnostics were used to back up clinical reasoning and decision-making throughout rehabilitation and the RTS process. The player returned to full team training after 7.5 months, completed 90 min match-play after 9 months and remains injury-free 11 months post-RTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Taberner
- Performance Department, Everton Football Club, Liverpool, UK.,School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicol van Dyk
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tom Allen
- Arsenal Performance and Research Team, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
| | - Chris Richter
- Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.,University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Carl Howarth
- Medical Department, Everton Football Club, Liverpool, UK
| | - Simon Scott
- Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daniel D Cohen
- University of Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Simon Bolivar University, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Bisciotti GN, Volpi P, Alberti G, Aprato A, Artina M, Auci A, Bait C, Belli A, Bellistri G, Bettinsoli P, Bisciotti A, Bisciotti A, Bona S, Bresciani M, Bruzzone A, Buda R, Buffoli M, Callini M, Canata G, Cardinali D, Cassaghi G, Castagnetti L, Clerici S, Corradini B, Corsini A, D'Agostino C, Dellasette E, Di Pietto F, Enrica D, Eirale C, Foglia A, Franceschi F, Frizziero A, Galbiati A, Giammatei C, Landreau P, Mazzola C, Moretti B, Muratore M, Nanni G, Niccolai R, Orizio C, Pantalone A, Parra F, Pasta G, Patroni P, Pelella D, Pulici L, Quaglia A, Respizzi S, Ricciotti L, Rispoli A, Rosa F, Rossato A, Sannicandro I, Sprenger C, Tarantola C, Tenconi FG, Tognini G, Tosi F, Trinchese GF, Vago P, Zappia M, Vuckovich Z, Zini R, Trainini M, Chamari K. Italian consensus statement (2020) on return to play after lower limb muscle injury in football (soccer). BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000505. [PMID: 31673400 PMCID: PMC6797382 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Return to play (RTP) decisions in football are currently based on expert opinion. No consensus guideline has been published to demonstrate an evidence-based decision-making process in football (soccer). Our aim was to provide a framework for evidence-based decision-making in RTP following lower limb muscle injuries sustained in football. A 1-day consensus meeting was held in Milan, on 31 August 2018, involving 66 national and international experts from various academic backgrounds. A narrative review of the current evidence for RTP decision-making in football was provided to delegates. Assembled experts came to a consensus on the best practice for managing RTP following lower limb muscle injuries via the Delphi process. Consensus was reached on (1) the definitions of 'return to training' and 'return to play' in football. We agreed on 'return to training' and RTP in football, the appropriate use of clinical and imaging assessments, and laboratory and field tests for return to training following lower limb muscle injury, and identified objective criteria for RTP based on global positioning system technology. Level of evidence IV, grade of recommendation D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piero Volpi
- Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,FC Internazionale Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giampietro Alberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Alessio Auci
- UOS Angiografia e Radiologia Interventistica, Ospedale delle Apuane, Massa Carrara, Massa Carrara, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Bona
- Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberto Buda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluigi Canata
- Ospedale Koelliker, Torino, Italy.,Istituto di Medicina dello Sport di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristiano Eirale
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Paris St Germain FC, Paris, France
| | - Andrea Foglia
- Physiotherapy, Studio Riabilita, Civitanova Marche, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biagio Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche di Base, Neuroscienze e Organi di Senso, Università di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gianni Nanni
- FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Isokinetic Medical Group, Bologna, Italy.,Bologna FC, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Pantalone
- Universita degli Studi Gabriele d'Annunzio Chieti e Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Ospedale SS Annunziata, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Pasta
- Parma Calcio, Parma, Italy.,Studio Radiologico Pasta, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Pulici
- FC Internazionale Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Quaglia
- Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Milano, Italy.,FC Internazionale Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fabio Tosi
- FC Internazionale Milano, Milano, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Paola Vago
- Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milano, Italy
| | | | | | - Raul Zini
- Villa Maria Cecilia, Cotignola, Italy
| | | | - Karim Chamari
- Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Research Lab, National Center of Science and Sports Medicine Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
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Shanks MJ, McCrory P, Davis GA, Echemendia RJ, Gray AR, Sullivan SJ. Developing common demographic data elements to include in future editions of the SCAT and Child SCAT: a modified international Delphi study. Br J Sports Med 2019; 54:906-912. [PMID: 31604697 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) and Child SCAT are the 'gold standard' assessment tools for a suspected sport-related concussion (SRC). A number of 'modifiers' (eg, previous history of concussion) of a SRC have been identified. These may influence how the SCAT/Child SCAT results should be interpreted. OBJECTIVES To achieve consensus, via an international panel of SRC experts, on which athlete/player and parent/caregiver demographic variables should be considered for inclusion in future editions of the SCAT/Child SCAT respectively. METHODS A two-round modified Delphi technique, overseen by a steering committee, invited 41 panellists to achieve expert consensus (≥80% agreement). The first round utilised open questions to generate demographic variables; the second round used a five-point ordinal item to rank the importance of including each variable in future editions of the SCAT/Child SCAT. RESULTS 15 experts participated in at least one Delphi round. 29 athlete/player and eight parent/caregiver variables reached consensus for inclusion in the SCAT, whereas two parent/caregiver variables reached consensus for exclusion. 28 athlete/player and four parent/caregiver variables reached consensus for the Child SCAT, whereas two parent/caregiver variables reached consensus for exclusion. Key categories of variables included the following: concussion/sport details, personal medical conditions and family medical history. CONCLUSION This study provides a list of athlete/player and parent/caregiver demographic variables that should be considered in future revisions of the SCAT/Child SCAT. By considering (and ultimately likely including) a wider and standard set of additional demographic variables, the Concussion in Sport experts will be able to provide clinicians and researchers with data that may enhance interpretation of the individual's data and the building of larger datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine J Shanks
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Paul McCrory
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gavin A Davis
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurosurgery, Austin and Cambrini Hospitals, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruben J Echemendia
- University Orthopedic Center, Concussion Care Clinic, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - S John Sullivan
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Griffin SA, Panagodage Perera NK, Murray A, Hartley C, Brooks JHM, Kemp SPT, Stokes KA. The relationships between rugby union and health: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000593. [PMID: 31548908 PMCID: PMC6733317 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rugby union is played by over eight million people across the world and is considered a form of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Consequently, playing rugby may confer health benefits; however, to date, the principal focus of research has been on associated injuries and potential detrimental long-term health sequelae. This protocol outlines the methods behind studying any potential associations between rugby union and both physical and mental health. Methods and analysis Best practice methodological frameworks (Arksey and O'Malley, Levac et al and the Joanna Briggs Institute) and previously published scoping review protocols in sport informs the methodology of this protocol. This protocol enables us to map the key concepts and evidence available, summarise and share existing research findings, and identify research gaps in the current literature. A three-step search strategy will identify reviews, original research, and published and grey literature. An initial search will identify suitable search terms, followed by a search using keyword and index terms. Two reviewers will independently screen identified studies for final inclusion. Dissemination When publishing the scoping review, we will map key concepts and evidence both numerically and thematically, as well as identify key research priorities for further studies. The review will subsequently be disseminated to stakeholder groups, practitioners and policymakers through a variety of peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed publications, conferences and via multimedia platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffan Arthur Griffin
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Centre for Sport and Exercise, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nirmala Kanthi Panagodage Perera
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Murray
- Centre for Sport and Exercise, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Scottish Rugby Union, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | | | - Keith A Stokes
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK.,University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Hainline B, Derman W, Vernec A, Budgett R, Deie M, Dvorak J, Harle CA, Herring S, McNamee M, Meeuwisse W, Moseley GL, Omololu B, Orchard J, Pipe A, Pluim BM, Raeder J, Siebert D, Stewart M, Stuart MC, Turner J, Ware M, Zideman D, Engebretsen L. Infographic. International Olympic Committee consensus statement on pain management in athletes: non-pharmacological strategies. Br J Sports Med 2019; 53:785-786. [PMID: 30952826 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-100853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Hainline
- National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Wayne Derman
- Instiute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.,International Olympic Committee Research Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Masataka Deie
- Orthopedic Surgery, Aichi Ika Daigaku, Aichi-gun, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Swiss Concussion Center, Zurich, Switzerland.,Spine Unit, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher A Harle
- Health Policy and Management, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Stanley Herring
- Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Willem Meeuwisse
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Bade Omololu
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Ibadan, Western Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - John Orchard
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipe
- Sports Medicine, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Babette M Pluim
- Sports Medicine, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.,Home, Ede, The Netherlands
| | | | - David Siebert
- Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mike Stewart
- Physical Therapy, East Kent Hospitals University, Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Judith Turner
- Psychology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mark Ware
- Pain Management, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Zideman
- International Olympic Committee Medical and Scientific Games Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Rejeb A, Fourchet F, Materne O, Johnson A, Horobeanu C, Farooq A, Witvrouw E, Whiteley R. Beighton scoring of joint laxity and injury incidence in Middle Eastern male youth athletes: a cohort study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000482. [PMID: 30899548 PMCID: PMC6407572 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine the association between generalised joint laxity (GJL) and injury rates in Middle Eastern male youth athletes. Design Prospective observational study consisting of GJL screen and injury audit (season 2009/2010). Setting Aspire Sports Academy Doha, Qatar. Participants A total of 226 adolescent male athletes (mean age: 14.2 years; SD: 1.7; range: 10–18) involved in 15 sporting activities were grouped into contact and non-contact sports. All available athletes were included in this study. Outcome measures A seasonal injury audit, athletes’ anthropometric characteristics, for example, weight, height and body mass index and screen for GJL to determine Beighton Score (BS). Results The 226 athletes sustained 596 injuries and 75% reported at least one injury over a seasonal injury audit. Players in contact sports were injured more often than players in non-contact sports (more frequent injuries than injury-free time in contact sports; 127 days (95% CI 93 to 160) vs 176 days in non-contact sports (95% CI 118 to 234) (p<0.001). Survival analysis showed that gradient BS was not associated with injury HR=1.004 (95% CI 0.95 to 1.06) in the overall cohort. However, BS was associated with a greater injury risk in contact sports (HR: 1.29; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.59; p=0.015). Conclusion Greater GJL, defined by gradient BS, plus involvement in contact sports together influence injury risk in youth athletes. Preseason documentation of GJL scoring should be considered specifically for contact sports as injury pre-emptive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Rejeb
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier Materne
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amanda Johnson
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Erik Witvrouw
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rodney Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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43
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Dallinga J, Van Rijn R, Stubbe J, Deutekom M. Injury incidence and risk factors: a cohort study of 706 8-km or 16-km recreational runners. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000489. [PMID: 30899549 PMCID: PMC6407553 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To report (1) the injury incidence in recreational runners in preparation for a 8-km or 16-km running event and (2) which factors were associated with an increased injury risk. Methods Prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants (n=5327) received a baseline survey to determine event distance (8 km or 16 km), main sport, running experience, previous injuries, recent overuse injuries and personal characteristics. Three days after the race, they received a follow-up survey to determine duration of training period, running distance per week, training hours, injuries during preparation and use of technology. Univariate and multivariate regression models were applied to examine potential risk factors for injuries. Results 1304 (24.5%) participants completed both surveys. After excluding participants with current health problems, no signed informed consent, missing or incorrect data, we included 706 (13.3%) participants. In total, 142 participants (20.1%) reported an injury during preparation for the event. Univariate analyses (OR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.4) and multivariate analyses (OR: 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.5) showed that injury history was a significant risk factor for running injuries (Nagelkerke R-square=0.06). Conclusion An injury incidence for recreational runners in preparation for a running event was 20%. A previous injury was the only significant risk factor for running-related injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Dallinga
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied Sciences, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Van Rijn
- University of the Arts, Codarts Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Performing Artist and Athlete Research Lab (PEARL), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine Stubbe
- University of the Arts, Codarts Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Performing Artist and Athlete Research Lab (PEARL), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Deutekom
- Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Health, Sports and Social Work, Inholland University of Applied sciences, Haarlem, The Netherlands
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44
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Mistry DA, Rainer TH. Concussion assessment in the emergency department: a preliminary study for a quality improvement project. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000445. [PMID: 30687512 PMCID: PMC6326330 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In sport, concussion is assessed using the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) 5 and managed with return to play guidelines. Similar, user-friendly tools are rarely, if ever, used in the emergency department (ED). Objectives To evaluate a modified concussion assessment tool designed for the ED (ED-CAT) in patients presenting with a head injury and to identify variables that predict 30-day reattendance. Methods A preliminary, prospective, evaluation in a quality improvement project was conducted in one hospital in South Wales. Patients were recruited if they were over 13 years, and either did not have an ED-CT head scan or had a scan with no acute changes. The primary outcome was 30-day reattendance. Results 40 patients were recruited, 18 of whom had a CT scan. 37 were discharged on the same day with advice, two discharged the next day and one was admitted. Three (7.5%) patients reattended the department. Predictors of reattendance were headache score (median 3.0 vs 5.0; p<0.05), pressure in head score (2.0 vs 5.0; p<0.05), nausea/vomiting score (1.0 vs 3.0; p<0.05), dizziness score (1.0 vs 4.0; p<0.05), blurred vision score (0 vs 4.0; p<0.01), balance problems score (0 vs 4.0; p<0.05), sensitivity to light and confusion score (0 vs 4.0; p<0.01), orientation score (1. 0 vs 0; p<0.05) and immediate memory score (5.0 vs 4.0; p<0.05). Conclusions Key symptoms and signs predicted 30-day reattendance. The ED-CAT requires validation and refinement in a larger population to produce a short, practical, user-friendly, relevant tool for ED head injury assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy H Rainer
- Division of Population Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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45
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Hulme A, Mclean S, Salmon PM, Thompson J, Lane BR, Nielsen RO. Computational methods to model complex systems in sports injury research: agent-based modelling (ABM) and systems dynamics (SD) modelling. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:1507-1510. [PMID: 30448782 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hulme
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott Mclean
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Thompson
- Transport, Health and Urban Design (THUD) Research Hub, Melbourne School of Design, Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ben R Lane
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, Faculty of Arts, Business and Law, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen
- Department of Public Health, Section for Sports Science, RunSafe Research Group, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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46
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Gabbett TJ. Debunking the myths about training load, injury and performance: empirical evidence, hot topics and recommendations for practitioners. Br J Sports Med 2018; 54:58-66. [PMID: 30366966 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Gabbett
- Gabbett Performance Solutions, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,University of Southern Queensland, Institute for Resilient Regions, Ipswich, QLD, Australia
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47
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Chermann JF, Romeas T, Marty F, Faubert J. Perceptual-cognitive three-dimensional multiple-object tracking task can help the monitoring of sport-related concussion. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000384. [PMID: 30305922 PMCID: PMC6173252 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives While the rate of sport-related concussion is increasing, more effective tools are needed to help monitor the diagnosis and return to play of athletes. The three-dimensional multiple-object tracking (3D-MOT) exercise is a perceptual-cognitive task that has shown predictive power towards the dynamic requirements of real-world activities such as sport. This study introduced the use of the 3D-MOT task, along with the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) and Modified Balance Error Scoring System (M-BESS) tests, for diagnosis and return to play in professional sports. Methods Fifty-nine professional athletes were tested with the 3D-MOT, SAC and M-BESS tests at 48 hours following the injury. The same measures were employed to evaluate the return to play following the standard concussion management protocol. The SAC and M-BESS tests were also performed in pre-season (baseline) in 32 out of the 59 athletes. Results The injured athletes exhibited poor performance on 3D-MOT at 48 hours post injury compared with return to play (p<0.001) as well as compared with healthy professionals' performance scores (p<0.001). Importantly, learning rate, which participants are thought to have an expert advantage on this perceptual-cognitive task, was totally disrupted at 48 hours post injury compared with healthy professionals (p<0.001). The 3D-MOT performance was also correlated to the total number of symptoms (p=0.020), SAC (p=0.031) and M-BESS (p=0.004) scores at 48 hours. Not surprisingly, SAC and M-BESS tests' usefulness for monitoring concussion was found to be weak, particularly when test performance following the injury was compared to baseline (p=0.056 and 0.349 for SAC and M-BESS, respectively). Conclusion 3D-MOT could help monitor sport-related concussion in professional athletes. The discussion also covers the critical importance of perceptual-cognitive assessment following concussion in the athletic population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Romeas
- Sport sciences, Institut National du Sport du Québec, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Flore Marty
- Consultation commotion et sport, 2, rue de la convention, Paris, France
| | - Jocelyn Faubert
- School of optometry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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48
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de Jonge J, van Iperen L, Gevers J, Vos S. 'Take a Mental Break!' study: Role of mental aspects in running-related injuries using a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000427. [PMID: 30233809 PMCID: PMC6135407 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Running-related injuries (RRIs) can be considered the primary enemy of runners. Most literature on injury prediction and prevention overlooks the mental aspects of overtraining and under-recovery, despite their potential role in injury prediction and prevention. Consequently, knowledge on the role of mental aspects in RRIs is lacking. Objective To investigate mental aspects of overtraining and under-recovery by means of an online injury prevention programme. Methods and analysis The ‘Take a Mental Break!’ study is a randomised controlled trial with a 12 month follow-up. After completing a web-based baseline survey, half and full marathon runners were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group. Participants of the intervention group obtained access to an online injury prevention programme, consisting of a running-related smartphone application. This app provided the participants of the intervention group with information on how to prevent overtraining and RRIs with special attention to mental aspects. The primary outcome measure is any self-reported RRI over the past 12 months. Secondary outcome measures include vigour, fatigue, sleep and perceived running performance. Regression analysis will be conducted to investigate whether the injury prevention programme has led to a lower prevalence of RRIs, better health and improved perceived running performance. Ethics and dissemination The Medical Ethics Committee of the University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands, has exempted the current study from ethical approval (reference number: NL64342.041.17). Results of the study will be communicated through scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals, scientific reports and presentations on scientific conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Jonge
- Human Performance Management Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,School of Psychology, Asia Pacific Centre for Work Health and Safety, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Luuk van Iperen
- Human Performance Management Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Josette Gevers
- Human Performance Management Group, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Vos
- School of Sports Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Industrial Design, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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49
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Timpka T, Janson S, Jacobsson J, Dahlström Ö, Spreco A, Kowalski J, Bargoria V, Mountjoy M, Svedin CG. Lifetime history of sexual and physical abuse among competitive athletics (track and field) athletes: cross sectional study of associations with sports and non-sports injury. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:1412-1417. [PMID: 30190298 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between lifetime sexual and physical abuse, and the likelihood of injury within and outside sport in athletes involved in competitive athletics. METHODS A cross sectional study was performed among the top 10 Swedish athletics athletes using 1 year prevalence of sports and non-sports injuries as the primary outcome measure. Associations with sociodemographic characteristics, lifetime abuse history and training load were investigated. Data were analysed using simple and multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS 11% of 197 participating athletes reported lifetime sexual abuse; there was a higher proportion of women (16.2%) than men (4.3%) (P=0.005). 18% reported lifetime physical abuse; there was a higher proportion of men (22.8%) than women (14.3%) (P=0.050). For women, lifetime sexual abuse was associated with an increased likelihood of a non-sports injury (OR 8.78, CI 2.76 to 27.93; P<0.001). Among men, increased likelihood of a non-sports injury was associated with more frequent use of alcoholic beverages (OR 6.47, CI 1.49 to 28.07; P=0.013), while commencing athletics training at >13 years of age was associated with a lower likelihood of non-sports injury (OR 0.09, CI 0.01 to 0.81; P=0.032). Lifetime physical abuse was associated with a higher likelihood of sports injury in women (OR 12.37, CI 1.52 to 100.37; P=0.019). Among men, athletes with each parents with ≤12 years formal education had a lower likelihood of sustaining an injury during their sports practice (OR 0.37, CI 0.14 to 0.96; P=0.040). CONCLUSIONS Lifetime sexual and physical abuse were associated with an increased likelihood of injury among female athletes. Emotional factors should be included in the comprehension of injuries sustained by athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Unit for Health Analysis, Centre for Healthcare Development, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Staffan Janson
- Department of Women ́s and Children ́s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Armin Spreco
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Unit for Health Analysis, Centre for Healthcare Development, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Kowalski
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Victor Bargoria
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,International Olympic Committee Medical Commission, Games Group, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carl Göran Svedin
- Athletics Research Centre, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Barnafrid, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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50
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Leppänen M, Pasanen K, Clarsen B, Kannus P, Bahr R, Parkkari J, Haapasalo H, Vasankari T. Overuse injuries are prevalent in children's competitive football: a prospective study using the OSTRC Overuse Injury Questionnaire. Br J Sports Med 2018; 53:165-171. [PMID: 30108062 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence and burden of overuse injuries in children's football as well as player characteristics and their association with overuse injury risk. METHODS This investigation is based on the control arm (10 clubs) of a randomised controlled trial investigating prevention of injuries in youth football. We conducted a prospective 20-week follow-up study on overuse injuries among Finnish football players (n=733, aged 9-14 years). Each week, we sent a text message to players' parents to ask if the player had sustained any injury during the past week. Players with overuse problem were interviewed over the phone using an overuse injury questionnaire. The main outcome measures were prevalence of all overuse injuries and substantial overuse injuries (those leading to moderate or severe reductions in participation or performance) and injury severity. RESULTS The average response rate was 95%. In total, 343 players (46.8%) reported an overuse problem while in the study. The average weekly prevalence of all overuse problems and substantial overuse problems was 12.8% and 6.0%, respectively. Injuries affecting the knee had the highest weekly prevalence (5.7% and 2.4% for all and substantial knee problems, respectively). Girls had a higher likelihood of knee problems (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.69 to 4.17), whereas boys had a higher likelihood of heel problems (OR 2.82; 95% CI 1.07 to 7.44). The likelihood of reporting an overuse problem increased with age (OR 1.21; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.47). CONCLUSION Overuse injuries are prevalent in children's competitive football. Knee overuse injuries represent the greatest burden on participation and performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN14046021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Leppänen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Pasanen
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland.,Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pekka Kannus
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jari Parkkari
- Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heidi Haapasalo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
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