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Zhao H, Cheng R, Teng J, Song G, Huang C, Yuan S, Lu Y, Shen S, Liu J, Liu C. A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Different Training Modalities on the Inflammatory Response in Adolescents with Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13224. [PMID: 36293806 PMCID: PMC9603579 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different training modalities on improving the inflammatory response in adolescents with obesity. For the study methodology, the databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Pubmed, Web of Science, and EBSCO were selected for searching. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) tool, and statistical analysis was performed by applying RevMan 5.4.1 analysis software. A total of 14 studies with 682 subjects were included. The results of this meta-analysis showed that aerobic training (AT) and aerobic plus resistance training (AT + RT) reduced the levels of IL-6 and CRP in adolescents with obesity. Among them, AT + RT was more effective than other training modalities in reducing IL-6 and CRP in adolescents with obesity. Different training modalities have no effect on the TNF-α level in adolescents with obesity. However, regarding the increase in IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α in adolescents with obesity, resistance training (RT) did not lead to significant differences. In conclusion, long-term regular AT, AT + RT, and HIIT are all helpful in improving the inflammatory state of adolescents with obesity, with AT + RT being the best training modality to combat inflammation in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruihong Cheng
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Teng
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ge Song
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chenjian Huang
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuxuan Lu
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Jingqi Liu
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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Hejazi K, Ferrari F. Effects of Physical Exercise on Cardiometabolic Biomarkers and Inflammatory Markers in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Res Nurs 2022; 24:519-529. [PMID: 35506158 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221099573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity among children as well as the beneficial effects of physical exercise (PE) on weight loss has been determined by modulating the secretory factors of adipose tissue. PE has also been shown to have beneficial effects on obesity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of physical exercise (PE) on adiponectin and other important health markers in children. DATA SOURCES We searched 6 electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Cinahl, Scopus, and Web of Science) and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials from inception to December 15, 2021. We used random-effects models to estimate weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). STUDY SELECTION Fourteen studies were included (N = 468 participants; mean age: 14 years). RESULTS In general, PE increased adiponectin (WMD: 0.91 µg/mL; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.55, p = 0.005), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (WMD: 1.01 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.33 to 1.69, p = 0.004), and VO2max (WMD: 2.52 mL.kg.min; 95% CI, 1.41 to 3.62, p = 0.00,001). The levels of c-reactive protein (WMD: -0.37 mg/L; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.17, p = 0.0003), insulin (WMD: -4.61 μIU/ml; 95% CI, -5.46 to -3.76, p = 0.00,001), fasting glucose (WMD: -5.11 mg/dL; 95% CI, -7.88 to -2.34, p = 0.0003), and insulin resistance index (WMD: -1.44; 95% CI, -1.92 to -0.96, p = 0.00,001), decreased significantly. CONCLUSION Our study showed that PE may increase the level of adiponectin, HDL-C, and VO2max in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Hejazi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 185150Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Filipe Ferrari
- Graduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Yadav R, Yadav RK, Pandey RM, Upadhyay AD. Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Indians with Metabolic Syndrome Undergoing Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga-Based Lifestyle Intervention vs Dietary Intervention. Behav Med 2021; 47:151-160. [PMID: 31743071 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2019.1683711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores the efficacy of 12-week yoga + diet-based lifestyle intervention (YBLI) vs dietary intervention (DI) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and identifies the predictors of change in HRQoL in Indians with metabolic syndrome (Met S). Data from the historical randomized controlled trial was used including adults (n = 260, 20-45 years) with Met S. Four domains of HRQoL were measured at baseline, 2 and 12 weeks using WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Generalized estimating equation and chi-square test was used to compare 12-week changes in HRQoL domains and proportion of subjects, respectively. Changes in HRQoL were predicted using regression models concerning changes in body mass index (BMI), physical activity, total calorie intake, adiponectin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Exploratory mediation analysis was carried out using Baron & Kenny approach. YBLI resulted in a significantly greater increase in the physical domain score of HRQoL than DI. A significantly greater proportion of subjects in YBLI group (71%) showed an increase in physical domain scores compared to DI (51%). A unit change in BMI negatively predicted a unit change in physical, psychological and environmental health. Whereas, a unit change in adiponectin and SOD levels positively predicted a unit change in physical and environmental health. Partial mediation between YBLI intervention and physical HRQoL domain was observed via adiponectin. In conclusion, a 12-week YBLI has a positive and greater effect on HRQoL physical domain score than following DI alone. Changes in BMI, adiponectin, and SOD levels may predict changes in HRQoL domains after lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences
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Yao K, Lv X, Zheng G, Chen Z, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Wang Z, Cai Z. Effects of Carbon Quantum Dots on Aquatic Environments: Comparison of Toxicity to Organisms at Different Trophic Levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:14445-14451. [PMID: 30486644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have high hydrophilicity, high cell permeability, and are frequently used in water-based and biorelated applications, yet studies concerning the ecological risks of CQDs in aquatic environments are largely insufficient. In the present study, the toxicity of CQDs to zebrafish ( Danio rerio), zooplankton ( Daphnia magna), and phytoplankton ( Scenedesmus obliquus) were assessed for the first time. The results indicated that CQDs (up to 200 mg/L) could be depurated by D. rerio with negligible toxicity. In comparison, CQDs induced mortality and immobility in D. magna with a 48-h EC50 value and LC50 value of 97.5 and 160.3 mg/L, respectively. In S. obliquus, CQDs inhibited photosynthesis and nutrition absorption in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the growth of algae was also inhibited with a 96-h EC50 value of 74.8 mg/L, suggesting that S. obliquus, the lowest trophic level in this study, was most sensitive to CQDs exposure. Further investigations revealed that CQDs induced an increase in oxidative stress in algae cells and a decrease in pH value of an algae medium, indicating that oxidative stress and water acidification may be the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of CQDs to S. obliquus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510000 , P.R. China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Guangqiang Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510000 , P.R. China
- Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Zuohong Chen
- Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Yuelu Jiang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering and Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266100 , China
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control and the School of Environmental and Civil Engineering , Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122 , China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Graduate School at Shenzhen , Tsinghua University , Shenzhen 518055 , P.R. China
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Lv X, Huang B, Zhu X, Jiang Y, Chen B, Tao Y, Zhou J, Cai Z. Mechanisms underlying the acute toxicity of fullerene to Daphnia magna: Energy acquisition restriction and oxidative stress. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:696-703. [PMID: 28715779 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of fullerene (C60) to Daphnia magna has been a subject with increasing concerns. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated various aspects of the toxicological impacts of C60 on daphnia. After a 72-h exposure, the 50% effective concentration of C60 was 14.9 mg/L for immobilization, and 16.3 mg/L for mortality. Daphnia exhibited a quick uptake of C60 with a body burden value of 413 μg/g in wet weight in the 1 mg/L C60 treatment group. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that C60 had mainly accumulated in the guts of organisms. The feeding rate, gut ultra-structural alterations, and digestive enzyme activities of daphnia in response to C60 treatment were evaluated. The results revealed a significant reduction in the digestion and filtration rates, as well as gut impairment and inhibition of digestive enzymes (cellulose, amylase, trypsin, and β-galactosidase) activity of C60 exposed daphnia. In addition, the changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in daphnia under C60 exposures were also discovered. These results, for the first time, provide systematic evidence that C60 caused a restriction in energy acquisition and increased oxidative damage in daphnia, which might be related to the bioaccumulation of C60 and finally led to the immobility and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Lv
- Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Boming Huang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhu
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Yuelu Jiang
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yi Tao
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Cai
- Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
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Lewis KA, Brown SA. Searching for Evidence of an Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Children: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials for Pediatric Obesity Interventions With a Focus on Leptin, Ghrelin, and Adiponectin. Biol Res Nurs 2017; 19:511-530. [PMID: 28743192 DOI: 10.1177/1099800417715734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM To address the complex phenomenon of pediatric obesity, one must understand the physiological mechanisms regulating energy intake and inflammation. The peptide hormones leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin are involved in both, but their functions are dysregulated in obesity. The purpose of this systematic review is (1) to characterize studies of nutrition interventions for weight management in children who measure these peptides as outcomes, (2) to assess risk of bias in the studies, and (3) to determine the relationships between these peptides and body mass index (BMI). Eligibility Criteria: Peer-reviewed articles written in English, published in 2001-2016, and describing randomized controlled trials of pediatric interventions involving a nutrition component with the outcome measures leptin, ghrelin, and/or adiponectin were included. Articles were excluded if the intervention involved pharmaceuticals, supplements, infant formula, breastfeeding, or surgery. SAMPLE The 25 international studies represented 2,153 obese children. RESULTS Ten diets were identified. Successful interventions included both structured exercise and hypocaloric dietary components, with or without counseling, resistance training, or medical components. Direct measures of adiposity were used in 69% of studies. Comparison group designs were disparate. Leptin levels decreased as BMI decreased. Evidence regarding the relationships of ghrelin and adiponectin with BMI was inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Despite known effects of maturation on hormones, studies did not consistently differentiate findings by maturational stage. Common anti-inflammatory and disease risk modification diets were missing or underrepresented. Studies that include children with comorbidities are needed. BMI and leptin levels have a positive relationship, but evidence on ghrelin and adiponectin was inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Lewis
- 1 School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,2 Pediatric Clinical Research Enterprise, Dell Children's Medical Center, Seton Family of Hospitals, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sharon A Brown
- 1 School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Al‐Khudairy L, Loveman E, Colquitt JL, Mead E, Johnson RE, Fraser H, Olajide J, Murphy M, Velho RM, O'Malley C, Azevedo LB, Ells LJ, Metzendorf M, Rees K. Diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017; 6:CD012691. [PMID: 28639320 PMCID: PMC6481371 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent overweight and obesity has increased globally, and can be associated with short- and long-term health consequences. Modifying known dietary and behavioural risk factors through behaviour changing interventions (BCI) may help to reduce childhood overweight and obesity. This is an update of a review published in 2009. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for the treatment of overweight or obese adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. SEARCH METHODS We performed a systematic literature search in: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, and the trial registers ClinicalTrials.gov and ICTRP Search Portal. We checked references of identified studies and systematic reviews. There were no language restrictions. The date of the last search was July 2016 for all databases. SELECTION CRITERIA We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of diet, physical activity and behavioural interventions for treating overweight or obesity in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed risk of bias, evaluated the overall quality of the evidence using the GRADE instrument and extracted data following the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We contacted trial authors for additional information. MAIN RESULTS We included 44 completed RCTs (4781 participants) and 50 ongoing studies. The number of participants in each trial varied (10 to 521) as did the length of follow-up (6 to 24 months). Participants ages ranged from 12 to 17.5 years in all trials that reported mean age at baseline. Most of the trials used a multidisciplinary intervention with a combination of diet, physical activity and behavioural components. The content and duration of the intervention, its delivery and the comparators varied across trials. The studies contributing most information to outcomes of weight and body mass index (BMI) were from studies at a low risk of bias, but studies with a high risk of bias provided data on adverse events and quality of life.The mean difference (MD) of the change in BMI at the longest follow-up period in favour of BCI was -1.18 kg/m2 (95% confidence interval (CI) -1.67 to -0.69); 2774 participants; 28 trials; low quality evidence. BCI lowered the change in BMI z score by -0.13 units (95% CI -0.21 to -0.05); 2399 participants; 20 trials; low quality evidence. BCI lowered body weight by -3.67 kg (95% CI -5.21 to -2.13); 1993 participants; 20 trials; moderate quality evidence. The effect on weight measures persisted in trials with 18 to 24 months' follow-up for both BMI (MD -1.49 kg/m2 (95% CI -2.56 to -0.41); 760 participants; 6 trials and BMI z score MD -0.34 (95% CI -0.66 to -0.02); 602 participants; 5 trials).There were subgroup differences showing larger effects for both BMI and BMI z score in studies comparing interventions with no intervention/wait list control or usual care, compared with those testing concomitant interventions delivered to both the intervention and control group. There were no subgroup differences between interventions with and without parental involvement or by intervention type or setting (health care, community, school) or mode of delivery (individual versus group).The rate of adverse events in intervention and control groups was unclear with only five trials reporting harms, and of these, details were provided in only one (low quality evidence). None of the included studies reported on all-cause mortality, morbidity or socioeconomic effects.BCIs at the longest follow-up moderately improved adolescent's health-related quality of life (standardised mean difference 0.44 ((95% CI 0.09 to 0.79); P = 0.01; 972 participants; 7 trials; 8 comparisons; low quality of evidence) but not self-esteem.Trials were inconsistent in how they measured dietary intake, dietary behaviours, physical activity and behaviour. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS We found low quality evidence that multidisciplinary interventions involving a combination of diet, physical activity and behavioural components reduce measures of BMI and moderate quality evidence that they reduce weight in overweight or obese adolescents, mainly when compared with no treatment or waiting list controls. Inconsistent results, risk of bias or indirectness of outcome measures used mean that the evidence should be interpreted with caution. We have identified a large number of ongoing trials (50) which we will include in future updates of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Al‐Khudairy
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Health SciencesCoventryUKCV4 7AL
| | - Emma Loveman
- Effective Evidence LLP26 The CurveWaterloovilleHampshireUKPO8 9SE
| | - Jill L Colquitt
- Effective Evidence LLP26 The CurveWaterloovilleHampshireUKPO8 9SE
| | - Emma Mead
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
| | - Rebecca E Johnson
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Health SciencesCoventryUKCV4 7AL
| | - Hannah Fraser
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Health SciencesCoventryUKCV4 7AL
| | - Joan Olajide
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
| | - Marie Murphy
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Health SciencesCoventryUKCV4 7AL
| | - Rochelle Marian Velho
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Health SciencesCoventryUKCV4 7AL
| | - Claire O'Malley
- Durham University Queen's CampusSchool of Medicine, Pharmacy and HealthDurhamUKTS17 6BH
| | - Liane B Azevedo
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
| | - Louisa J Ells
- Teesside UniversityHealth and Social Care InstituteMiddlesbroughUKTS1 3BA
| | - Maria‐Inti Metzendorf
- Institute of General Practice, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich‐Heine‐University DüsseldorfCochrane Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders GroupMoorenstr. 5DüsseldorfGermany40225
| | - Karen Rees
- Warwick Medical School, University of WarwickDivision of Health SciencesCoventryUKCV4 7AL
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García-Hermoso A, Ceballos-Ceballos RJM, Poblete-Aro CE, Hackney AC, Mota J, Ramírez-Vélez R. Exercise, adipokines and pediatric obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:475-482. [PMID: 28017965 PMCID: PMC5382285 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Adipokines are involved in the etiology of diabetes, insulin resistance, and the development of atherosclerosis and other latent-onset complications. The objective of this meta-analysis was to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions on adipokines in pediatric obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS A computerized search was made using three databases. The analysis was restricted to studies that examined the effect of exercise interventions on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin) in pediatric obesity (6-18 years old). Fourteen randomized controlled trials (347 youths) were included. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS Exercise was associated with a significant increase in adiponectin (WMD=0.882 μg ml-1, 95% CI, 0.271-1.493) but did not alter leptin and resistin level. Likewise, exercise intensity and change in body fat; as well as total exercise program duration, duration of the sessions, and change in body fat all significantly influenced the effect of exercise on adiponectin and leptin, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Exercise seems to increase adiponectin levels in childhood obesity. Our results also suggested that exercise on its own, without the concomitant presence of changes in body composition levels, does not affect leptin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - R J M Ceballos-Ceballos
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - C E Poblete-Aro
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - A C Hackney
- Endocrine Section-Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J Mota
- CIAFEL–Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R Ramírez-Vélez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física «CEMA», Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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