1
|
Ross LK, Lalka A, Keeter C, Hamati MC, Robell K, Howell DR, Zona NE, Hunt KJ. Playing surface and sport contact status modulate time to lower extremity musculoskeletal injury at a greater level than concussion history among collegiate student-athletes. J ISAKOS 2024; 9:628-634. [PMID: 38925353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jisako.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES While previous investigations have demonstrated a positive correlation between previous concussion and risk of subsequent lower extremity musculoskeletal injury (LEMSKI), the effect of sport- and patient-specific factors on time to injury has not been thoroughly described. This study's main objective was to evaluate the relationship between prior concussion and time to LEMSKI among a population of collegiate student-athletes. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the relationship between playing surface, sport contact status, and biologic sex on time to LEMSKI. We hypothesized that those with previous concussions, those competing on synthetic surfaces, and those competing in collision sports would experience decreased latency to LEMSKI overall. METHODS A retrospective observational analysis of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I student-athletes was conducted utilizing a mixed linear model analysis with contrasts. Inclusion criteria included participation in the Pac-12 Health Analytics Program with a documented LEMSKI between 2017 and 2020. Exclusion criteria included concurrent concussion and LEMSKI, injury resulting in serious morbidity or mortality, and incomplete medical record. Participants were classified by whether they sustained a concussion prior to LEMSKI in each athletic season. RESULTS Of 1179 athletes included, 1140 had no previous concussion and 37 had a previous concussion. There was no observed effect of previous concussion (F = 0.038; p = 0.846) on time to LEMSKI overall. Student-athletes competing on constructed surfaces sustained a subsequent LEMSKI 14.5 days sooner (SE = 5.255; p = 0.045), and those competing on organic surfaces sustained a subsequent LEMSKI 23.5 days sooner (SE = 4.018; p < 0.001) in the season than those competing on synthetic surfaces. Contact sport student-athletes sustained a subsequent LEMSKI 52.1 days sooner than collision sport student-athletes (SE = 5.248; p < 0.001), and limited contact sport student-athletes sustained a subsequent LEMSKI 42.29 days sooner than collision sport student-athletes (SE = 4.463; p < 0.001). There was no observed effect of biologic sex (F = 0.602; p = 0.438) on time to LEMSKI overall. CONCLUSION There was no observed impact of concussion on time on LEMSKI overall in this collegiate athletic population. Contact sports were associated with decreased time to LEMSK, while synthetic surfaces were associated with increased time to LEMSKI in this population. There was no observed impact of biologic sex on time to LEMSKI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Case-control, level of evidence III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lexie K Ross
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Andy Lalka
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Carson Keeter
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Mary C Hamati
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Kevin Robell
- Pac-12 Health Analytics Program, 12457 Alcosta Blvd, San Ramon, CA, 94583, USA.
| | - David R Howell
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Nathaniel E Zona
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth J Hunt
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13001 E. 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Heinzelmann MM, Stokes M, Miller SM, Bunt SC, Hynan LS, Didehbani N, Cullum CM. Impact of Playing Surface on Concussion Symptoms in Young American Football Players. Clin J Sport Med 2024; 34:357-361. [PMID: 38133559 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been suggested that sport-related concussion (SRC) occurs more commonly on natural grass compared with artificial turf in contact sports. As playing surface is a potentially modifiable risk factor, this study sought to identify differences in symptoms following SRC on these 2 surfaces in a sample of young American football players. DESIGN Prospective. SETTING Part of the multi-institutional North Texas Concussion Registry (ConTex) research project. PARTICIPANTS Ten-year-old to 24-year-old male American football players (n = 62) who had sustained a helmet-to-ground SRC and presented to a specialty concussion clinic within 14 days of injury. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Helmeted impact with grass (n = 33) or artificial turf (n = 29). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Severity and number of symptoms endorsed on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5th Edition (SCAT5) Symptom Evaluation at the time of initial clinical evaluation. RESULTS Both groups were similar in mean time since injury, concussion history, and history of headache, but the artificial turf group was slightly older, with a mean age of 14.6 versus 13.6 years ( P = 0.039). Athletes who sustained a SRC on grass reported significantly higher mean total symptom severity scores (26.6 vs 11.6, P = 0.005) and total number of symptoms (10.3 vs 5.9, P = 0.006) compared with those who were injured on artificial turf. CONCLUSIONS This may be the first study to examine postconcussive symptoms after SRC as they relate to playing surface. This small sample of young American football players reported higher symptom severity scores and higher total number of symptoms after SRC on natural grass compared with artificial turf.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shane M Miller
- Pediatrics
- Orthopedic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Scottish Rite for Children Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Frisco, Texas
| | - Stephen C Bunt
- Departments of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Linda S Hynan
- Departments of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- O'Donnell School of Public Health, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nyaz Didehbani
- Departments of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; and
| | - C Munro Cullum
- Departments of Neurology
- Departments of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Neurological Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdoo O, Martinez C, Forshey T, Myers H, Hendren S, Pietrosimone LS. Do Climate and Environmental Characteristics Influence Concussion Incidence in Outdoor Contact Sports? A Systematic Review. J Athl Train 2023; 58:987-997. [PMID: 37115014 PMCID: PMC10784884 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0655.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain a comprehensive understanding of the implications of environmental and climate factors on sport-related concussion incidence in outdoor contact sports. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase (via Elsevier), CINAHL Complete (via EBSCOhost), SPORTDiscus (via EBSCOhost), and Scopus (via Elsevier). STUDY SELECTION Studies that report incidence of sport-related concussion, assess data from athletes participating in outdoor contact sports, report on 1 or more climate or environmental factors, and report a diagnosis of concussion performed by a licensed medical professional were included. Reasons for exclusion included no report on extrinsic or environmental factors, no data on sport-related concussion incidence, and self-report of concussion diagnosis. DATA EXTRACTION This systematic review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines using 2 reviewers at each phase and a third reviewer for conflict resolution. DATA SYNTHESIS A total of 7558 articles were reviewed, and 20 met the inclusion criteria. There was moderate to strong strength of evidence concluding no difference between surface type (grass versus artificial) on sport-related concussion risk. Moderate to strong strength of evidence was found supporting no difference in sport-related concussion incidence based on game location (home versus away). There was no consensus on the effects of altitude or temperature on sport-related concussion incidence. One high-quality study found a decreased risk of sport-related concussion when playing in wet versus dry conditions. Heterogenous populations and data collection methods prevented extraction and meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Although a consensus on specific environmental and climate factors that influence sport-related concussion incidence was limited, the majority of studies were of high quality and gave insight into opportunities for future investigation. Administrators of large injury surveillance databases should consider including specific environmental and climate factors to provide investigators with robust data sets to better understand potential associations with sport-related concussion.
Collapse
|
4
|
Robertson CM, Williams S, West SW, Starling L, Kemp S, Cross M, Stokes KA. Influence of playing surface on match injury risk in men's professional rugby union in England (2013-2019). Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1615-1624. [PMID: 36004455 PMCID: PMC9825862 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of artificial playing surfaces in professional rugby union is growing, but their effect on the injury risk profile remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of playing surface on match injury risk in men's professional rugby in England. Six seasons of injury data (2013/14-2018/19) were collected from 15 professional English, men's rugby teams participating in domestic and European competition. The incidence, severity, and burden of match injuries were compared across playing surfaces. The dataset included 3351 injuries from a combined European and domestic data set (separated in to 2 categories; artificial and natural/hybrid surfaces) and 2675 injuries from a domestic only dataset (separated into 3 categories; artificial, hybrid, and natural surfaces). There were no differences in incidence rates between surface types on combined European and domestic match data, but injury burden was significantly greater on artificial (3082 days/1000 h, 95% CI 2847-3337) in comparison with natural/hybrid surfaces (2364 days/1000 h, 95% CI 2277-2454, p < 0.001). These differences were primarily driven by a significantly greater mean severity of hip/groin, and foot/toe injuries on artificial surfaces. This is the largest study to date to examine the relationship between surface type and injury risk in rugby union. The average severity and burden of injuries sustained on artificial surfaces was significantly greater compared with those sustained on hybrid/natural grass surfaces. This study can inform those involved in selection of surface for elite sport, weighing up the positive and negative elements of the varying surface types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. Robertson
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Sean Williams
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Stephen W. West
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada,O'Brien Institute for Public HealthUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Lindsay Starling
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK
| | - Simon Kemp
- Rugby Football UnionTwickenhamUK,London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK
| | - Matt Cross
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK,Premiership RugbyTwickenhamUK
| | - Keith A. Stokes
- Centre for Health and Injury and Illness Prevention in Sport, Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK,Rugby Football UnionTwickenhamUK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elvidge T, Brown S, Valenzuela K, Sorochan J, Weinhandl JT, Zhang S. Knee and ankle biomechanics in 90° side cutting on synthetic turf with shock pad. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2077842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Elvidge
- Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Sean Brown
- Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Kevin Valenzuela
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA
| | - John Sorochan
- Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua T. Weinhandl
- Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Songning Zhang
- Biomechanics/Sports Medicine Lab, Department of Kinesiology, Recreation and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thomson A, Bleakley C, Holmes W, Hodge E, Paul D, Wannop JW. Rotational traction of soccer football shoes on a hybrid reinforced turf system and natural grass. FOOTWEAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/19424280.2022.2038690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athol Thomson
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
- Discipline of Podiatry, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris Bleakley
- University of Ulster, School of Health & Life Sciences, Jordanstown, UK
| | - Wayne Holmes
- Aspire Logistics, Aspire Zone Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ewen Hodge
- Aspire Sports Turf, Aspire Zone Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Darren Paul
- Aspetar, Orthopaedic & Sports Medicine Hospital, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Doha, Qatar
| | - John William Wannop
- Human Performance Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Injury risk among athletes on artificial turf: a review of current literature. CURRENT ORTHOPAEDIC PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/bco.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Cousins BEW, Morris JG, Sunderland C, Bennett AM, Shahtahmassebi G, Cooper SB. Synthetic playing surfaces increase the incidence of match injuries in an elite Rugby Union team. J Sci Med Sport 2021; 25:134-138. [PMID: 34538756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine differences in match injury incidence between three playing surfaces in elite Rugby Union. DESIGN Prospective cohort. METHODS Match injury incidence was assessed in 89 elite Rugby Union players over two-seasons of professional competition (44 matches, 1014 h player exposure). Match injury incidence was assessed on three different playing surfaces; natural grass, hybrid (natural grass combined with approximately 3% synthetic fibres) and fully synthetic (sand and rubber infill). Overall injury incidence, contact and non-contact injury incidence, and the incidence of minor (≤7 d lost) and major (≥8 d lost) injuries were considered using mixed effect models. RESULTS Overall match injury incidence doubled on hybrid and synthetic surfaces compared to natural grass (hybrid: OR = 2.58 [95% CI 1.65-4.03], p < 0.001; synthetic: OR = 2.16 [95% CI 1.07-4.37], p = 0.033). Furthermore, the odds of sustaining a contact injury on a pitch containing any synthetic content also increased compared to natural grass (hybrid: OR = 2.31 [95% CI 1.41-3.78], p = 0.001; synthetic: OR = 2.19 [95% CI 1.00-4.77], p = 0.049). The hybrid surface elicited a four times greater likelihood of non-contact injury incidence compared to natural grass (OR = 4.18 [95% CI 1.16-15.04], p = 0.028). However, the playing surface did not affect the severity of match injuries (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that even a small percentage (3%) of synthetic content in the playing surface significantly increases match injury incidence, with an effect seen on both contact and non-contact injury incidence. These findings are important to enable practitioners to be aware of the injury implications of playing matches on hybrid and synthetic pitches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ben E W Cousins
- Sport Performance Research Group, Sport Science Department, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - John G Morris
- Sport Performance Research Group, Sport Science Department, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Caroline Sunderland
- Sport Performance Research Group, Sport Science Department, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Anthony M Bennett
- Applied Sport Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), College of Engineering, Swansea University, UK
| | | | - Simon B Cooper
- Sport Performance Research Group, Sport Science Department, Nottingham Trent University, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
ABSTRACT Advancements in technology and the economic desires to maximize use of athletic playing surfaces have led to the development of various playing surfaces across the spectrum of sports. Each of these surfaces possesses specific safety profiles which are sport and population specific. Despite the growing medical literature on outdoor playing surfaces, inconsistent data exist on both orthopedic injuries and general medical concerns, such as surface component exposure toxicity and infection risk. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of data regarding various indoor playing surfaces and their effects on injury risk; this is an area ripe for further medical investigation. Understanding the differences in various play surfaces and their associated injury and health concerns is crucial for all medical staff providing care to athletes across the spectrum of skill and competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - T Jason Meredith
- University of Nebraska Medical Center Family Medicine Residency, Omaha, NE
| | - Peter Mitchell Martin
- University of Nebraska Medical Center & Offutt Air Force Base Family Medicine Residency, Omaha, NE
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ankle Stability and Movement Coordination Impairments: Lateral Ankle Ligament Sprains Revision 2021. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021; 51:CPG1-CPG80. [PMID: 33789434 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2021.0302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This revised clinical practice guideline (CPG) addresses the distinct but related lower extremity impairments of those with a first-time lateral ankle sprain (LAS) and those with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Depending on many factors, impairments may continue following injury. While most individuals experience resolution of symptoms, complaints of instability may continue and are defined as CAI. The aims of the revision were to provide a concise summary of the contemporary evidence since publication of the original guideline and to develop new recommendations or revise previously published recommendations to support evidence-based practice. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2021;51(4):CPG1-CPG80. doi:10.2519/jospt.2021.0302.
Collapse
|
11
|
Winson DMG, Miller DLH, Winson IG. Foot injuries, playing surface and shoe design: Should we be thinking more about injury prevention. Foot Ankle Surg 2020; 26:597-600. [PMID: 31447244 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of artificial pitches has occurred in a multitude of sports at both professional and amateur levels. Artificial turf has become an extremely attractive option as it is felt to encourage a faster, safer and more entertaining play. However these pitches are not without controversy among sporting professionals and in the media. Foot and ankle injury in sport remains incredibly common and a significant burden on health professionals, but what impact do the new artificial surfaces have on these injuries. This review article aims to establish whether artificial turf has an impact on injury rates in the foot and ankle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M G Winson
- University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XW, UK.
| | | | - Ian G Winson
- Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
O' Leary F, Acampora N, Hand F, O' Donovan J. Association of artificial turf and concussion in competitive contact sports: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000695. [PMID: 32518672 PMCID: PMC7254119 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the incidence of head injuries and concussion in contact sports, comparing natural grass with artificial turf surfaces. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis via the RevMan V.5.3 software. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies All studies describing competitive contact sports played on both natural grass and artificial turf. The primary outcome measured was occurrence of head injury and concussion. Data sources The databases include PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Medline and Sport Discus. The last search took place on 23 May 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale evaluated the methodological quality of the selected studies with a funnel plot designed to determine publication bias. Study screening and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Results Initial screening generated 42 publications, with 12 meeting criteria for inclusion. Eight studies described concussion only. The rate ratio (RR) of head injury and concussion was less on artificial turf compared with natural grass (RR=0.89, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.04) as was the rate ratio of concussion only (RR=0.72, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.89). Conclusion Analysis of published data demonstrates a decreased incidence of head injury and concussion when contact sports are played on artificial turf. This difference was most marked for sports such as rugby and American football. However, artificial turf has no association with the incidence of head injury or concussion while playing soccer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank O' Leary
- Department of Performance Medicine, Sport Ireland Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nic Acampora
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, Rhondda Cynon Taff, UK
| | - Fiona Hand
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James O' Donovan
- Department of Performance Medicine, Sport Ireland Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Burger N, Lambert M, Hendricks S. Lay of the land: narrative synthesis of tackle research in rugby union and rugby sevens. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000645. [PMID: 32518671 PMCID: PMC7254146 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of this review was to synthesise both injury prevention and performance tackle-related research to provide rugby stakeholders with information on tackle injury epidemiology, including tackle injury risk factors and performance determinants, and to discuss potential preventative measures. Design Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Data sources PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria Limited to peer-reviewed English-only publications between January 1995 and October 2018. Results A total of 317 studies were identified, with 177 in rugby union and 13 were in rugby sevens. The tackle accounted for more than 50% of all injuries in rugby union and rugby sevens, both at the professional level and at the lower levels, with the rate of tackle injuries higher at the professional level (mean 32/1000 player-hours) compared with the lower levels (mean 17/1000 player-hours). A player’s tackle actions and technical ability were identified as major risk factors for injury and a key determinant of performance. Summary/conclusion Evidence-based education, progressive tackle technique training with a high potential to transfer and law changes have been proposed as key modifiers of player tackle actions and technical ability. Conceivably, all three modifiers working in unison (as opposed to separately) will have a higher potential at reducing tackle injury risk while enhancing performance. With the guidance of tackle injury and performance studies, as well as stakeholder engagement, experiential and explorative tackle research has the potential to inspire innovative injury prevention and performance strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Burger
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Mike Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.,Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sharief Hendricks
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.,Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Centre for Sport Performance, School of Sport, Fairfax Hall, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yeomans C, Comyns TM, Cahalan R, Hayes K, Costello V, Warrington GD, Harrison AJ, Lyons M, Campbell MJ, Glynn LG, Kenny IC. The relationship between physical and wellness measures and injury in amateur rugby union players. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 40:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
15
|
Sánchez-Sánchez J, Gallardo-Guerrero AM, García-Gallart A, Sánchez-Sáez JA, Felipe JL, Encarnación-Martínez A. Influence of the structural components of artificial turf systems on impact attenuation in amateur football players. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7774. [PMID: 31123289 PMCID: PMC6533268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44270-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of the structural components of different 3rd generation artificial turf football field systems on the biomechanical response of impact attenuation in amateur football players. A total of 12 amateur football players (24.3 ± 3.7 years, 73.5 ± 5.5 kg, 178.3 ± 4.1 cm and 13.7 ± 4.3 years of sport experience) were evaluated on three third generation artificial turf systems (ATS) with different structural components. ATS were composed of asphalt sub-base and 45 mm of fibre height with (ATS1) and without (ATS2) elastic layer or compacted granular sub-base, 60 mm of fibre height without elastic layer (ATS3). Two triaxial accelerometers were firmly taped to the forehead and the distal end of the right tibia of each individual. The results reveal a higher force reduction on ATS3 in comparison to ATS1 (+6.24%, CI95%: 1.67 to 10.92, ES: 1.07; p < 0.05) and ATS2 (+21.08%, CI95%: 16.51 to 25.66, ES: 2.98; p < 0.05) elastic layer. Tibia acceleration rate was lower on ATS3 than ATS1 (-0.32, CI95%: -0.60 to -0.03, ES: 4.23; p < 0.05) and ATS2 (-0.35, CI95%: -0.64 to -0.06; ES: 4.69; p < 0.05) at 3.3 m/s. A very large correlation (r = 0.7 to 0.9; p < 0.05) was found between energy restitution and fibre height in both head and tibial peak acceleration and stride time. In conclusion, structural components (fibre height, infill, sub-base and elastic layer) determine the mechanical properties of artificial turf fields. A higher force reduction and lower energy restitution diminished the impact received by the player which could protect against injuries associated with impacts compared to harder artificial turf surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Sánchez
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, School of Sport Sciences, Villaviciosa de Odón-Madrid, 28670, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - José L Felipe
- Universidad Europea de Madrid, School of Sport Sciences, Villaviciosa de Odón-Madrid, 28670, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rafferty J, Ranson C, Oatley G, Mostafa M, Mathema P, Crick T, Moore IS. On average, a professional rugby union player is more likely than not to sustain a concussion after 25 matches. Br J Sports Med 2018. [PMID: 29530941 PMCID: PMC6662947 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate concussion injury rates, the likelihood of sustaining concussion relative to the number of rugby union matches and the risk of subsequent injury following concussion. Methods A four-season (2012/2013–2015/2016) prospective cohort study of injuries in professional level (club and international) rugby union. Incidence (injuries/1000 player-match-hours), severity (days lost per injury) and number of professional matches conferring a large risk of concussion were determined. The risk of injury following concussion was assessed using a survival model. Results Concussion incidence increased from 7.9 (95% CI 5.1 to 11.7) to 21.5 injuries/1000 player-match-hours (95% CI 16.4 to 27.6) over the four seasons for combined club and international rugby union. Concussion severity was unchanged over time (median: 9 days). Players were at a greater risk of sustaining a concussion than not after an exposure of 25 matches (95% CI 19 to 32). Injury risk (any injury) was 38% greater (HR 1.38; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.56) following concussion than after a non-concussive injury. Injuries to the head and neck (HR 1.34; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.70), upper limb (HR 1.59; 95% CI 1.19 to 2.12), pelvic region (HR 2.07; 95% CI 1.18 to 3.65) and the lower limb (HR 1.60; 95% CI 1.21 to 2.10) were more likely following concussion than after a non-concussive injury. Conclusion Concussion incidence increased, while severity remained unchanged, during the 4 years of this study. Playing more than 25 matches in the 2015/2016 season meant that sustaining concussion was more likely than not sustaining concussion. The 38% greater injury risk after concussive injury (compared with non-concussive injury) suggests return to play protocols warrant investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giles Oatley
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mohamed Mostafa
- Social Data Science Lab, School of Computer Science and Informatics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Tom Crick
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Isabel S Moore
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|