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López-Santiago J, García García AI, Villarino AG, Som AM, Gómez-Villarino MT. Assessing wineries' performance in managing critical control points for arsenic, lead, and cadmium contamination risk in the wine-making industry: A survey-based analysis utilizing performance indicators as a results tool. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22962. [PMID: 38163151 PMCID: PMC10756963 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Human health hazards appear in wine production. Wineries have implemented food safety management systems to control food hazards through Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). Wine-making industry applies HACCP by evaluating Critical Control Points (CCPs). One of the CCPs that exhibits inadequate control is the potential contamination risk of arsenic, cadmium, and lead throughout the winemaking procedure. Wineries performance level about controlling CCPs related to contamination risk by arsenic, cadmium and lead in the winemaking were analyzed. A sixteen-question questionnaire was made to achieve this research. Three indicators were calculated for training, legislation, and analysis performance components in CCPs control. Results revealed that wineries fault in analysis and legislation components. Identification and updating of legislation about As, Cd and Pb contamination risk is in starting performance level for wineries that produce less than 250,000 L/year wineries. Analysis performance level is even lower than legislation. Only one out of every three wineries possess information regarding the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the soils of vineyards where grapes are cultivated. Furthermore, the availability of data on their available concentrations in the soil solution is even more limited. Those wineries that controlled As, Cd and Pb concentrations make it according to official recommendations using techniques based on atomic absorption spectrometry. However, there is a lack of this spectrometry equipment in the wineries own laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús López-Santiago
- Agroforestry Engineering Department, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel García García
- Agroforestry Engineering Department, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Amelia Md Som
- Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET), Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - María Teresa Gómez-Villarino
- Agroforestry Engineering Department, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain
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Kim H, Jeon Y, Lee W, Jang G, Yoon Y. Shifting the Specificity of E. coli Biosensor from Inorganic Arsenic to Phenylarsine Oxide through Genetic Engineering. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3093. [PMID: 32486164 PMCID: PMC7309064 DOI: 10.3390/s20113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been discovered that organic and inorganic arsenics could be detrimental to human health. Although organic arsenic is less toxic than inorganic arsenic, it could form inorganic arsenic through chemical and biological processes in environmental systems. In this regard, the availability of tools for detecting organic arsenic species would be beneficial. Because As-sensing biosensors employing arsenic responsive genetic systems are regulated by ArsR which detects arsenics, the target selectivity of biosensors could be obtained by modulating the selectivity of ArsR. In this study, we demonstrated a shift in the specificity of E. coli cell-based biosensors from the detection of inorganic arsenic to that of organic arsenic, specifically phenylarsine oxide (PAO), through the genetic engineering of ArsR. By modulating the number and location of cysteines forming coordinate covalent bonds with arsenic species, an E. coli cell-based biosensor that was specific to PAO was obtained. Despite its restriction to PAO at the moment, it offers invaluable evidence of the potential to generate new biosensors for sensing organic arsenic species through the genetic engineering of ArsR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.J.); (W.L.)
| | - Yangwon Jeon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.J.); (W.L.)
| | - Woonwoo Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.J.); (W.L.)
| | - Geupil Jang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Youngdae Yoon
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.K.); (Y.J.); (W.L.)
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Tanabe CK, Nelson J, Ebeler SE. Current Perspective on Arsenic in Wines: Analysis, Speciation, and Changes in Composition during Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4154-4159. [PMID: 30896158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, a naturally occurring metalloid found in certain foods, exists in various redox states and as inorganic and organic species, each with varying levels of toxicity. International regulatory bodies have imposed allowable maximums for total arsenic in wine ranging between 100 and 200 μg/L. Typical commercial wine levels are within these limits. However, a better understanding of viticultural and enological practices impacting total arsenic and arsenic species in grapes and wines is needed to ensure levels remain low. This perspective discusses current information on factors impacting the arsenic content of grapes and wines and the analytical approaches for monitoring inorganic and organic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Tanabe
- Department of Viticulture and Technology , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
- Food Safety and Measurement Facility , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Viticulture and Technology , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
- Food Safety and Measurement Facility , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
- Agilent Technologies, Inc. , Santa Clara , California 95051 , United States
| | - Susan E Ebeler
- Department of Viticulture and Technology , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
- Food Safety and Measurement Facility , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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Jones MR, Tellez-Plaza M, Vaidya D, Grau-Perez M, Post WS, Kaufman JD, Guallar E, Francesconi KA, Goessler W, Nachman KE, Sanchez TR, Navas-Acien A. Ethnic, geographic and dietary differences in arsenic exposure in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2019; 29:310-322. [PMID: 29795237 PMCID: PMC6252166 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Differences in residential location as well as race/ethnicity and dietary habits may result in differences in inorganic arsenic (iAs) exposure. We investigated the association of exposure to iAs with race/ethnicity, geography, and dietary intake in a random sample of 310 White, Black, Hispanic, and Chinese adults in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis from 6 US cities with inorganic and methylated arsenic (ΣAs) measured in urine. Dietary intake was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire. Chinese and Hispanic race/ethnicity was associated with 82% (95% CI: 46%, 126%) and 37% (95% CI: 10%, 70%) higher urine arsenic concentrations, respectively, compared to White participants. No differences were observed for Black participants compared to Whites. Urine arsenic concentrations were higher for participants in Los Angeles, Chicago, and New York compared to other sites. Participants that ate rice ≥2 times/week had 31% higher urine arsenic compared to those that rarely/never consumed rice. Participants that drank wine ≥2 times/week had 23% higher urine arsenic compared to rare/never wine drinkers. Intake of poultry or non-rice grains was not associated with urinary arsenic concentrations. At the low-moderate levels typical of the US population, exposure to iAs differed by race/ethnicity, geographic location, and frequency of rice and wine intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Maria Tellez-Plaza
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Research Hospital Clinico de Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dhananjay Vaidya
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maria Grau-Perez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy S Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel D Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences,School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Keeve E Nachman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tiffany R Sanchez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Vacchina V, Epova EN, Bérail S, Médina B, Donard OFX, Séby F. Total As and As speciation from worldwide collected red wine samples. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2018; 11:286-292. [DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2018.1504823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvain Bérail
- IPREM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Pau, France
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Hassan FI, Niaz K, Khan F, Maqbool F, Abdollahi M. The relation between rice consumption, arsenic contamination, and prevalence of diabetes in South Asia. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:1132-1143. [PMID: 29285009 PMCID: PMC5735331 DOI: 10.17179/excli2017-222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rice is the major staple food for about two billion people living in Asia. It has been reported to contain considerable amount of inorganic arsenic which is toxic to pancreatic beta cells and disrupt glucose homeostasis. Articles and conference papers published between 1992 and 2017, indexed in Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, Google, and Google scholar were used. Arsenic exposure has been associated with increased blood glucose and insulin levels, or decreased sensitization of insulin cells to glucose uptake. Several studies have shown the association between inorganic arsenic exposure and incidence of diabetes mellitus. Considerable amounts of arsenic have been reported in different types of rice which may be affected by cultivation methods, processing, and country of production. Use of certain microbes, fertilizers, and enzymes may reduce arsenic uptake or accumulation in rice, which may reduce its risk of toxicity. Combined exposure to contaminated rice, other foods and drinking water may increase the risk of diabetes in these countries. Maximum tolerated daily intake of arsenic contaminated rice (2.1 µg/day kg body weight) has been set by WHO, which may be exceeded depending on its content in rice and amount consumed. Hence, increased prevalence of diabetes in South Asia may be related to the consumption of arsenic contaminated rice depending on its content in the rice and daily amount consumed. In this review, we have focused on the possible relation between rice consumption, arsenic contamination, and prevalence of diabetes in South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ismail Hassan
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Group, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamal Niaz
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Group, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Group, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faheem Maqbool
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Group, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Group, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tanabe CK, Hopfer H, Ebeler SE, Nelson J, Conklin SD, Kubachka KM, Wilson RA. Matrix Extension and Multilaboratory Validation of Arsenic Speciation Method EAM §4.10 to Include Wine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4193-4199. [PMID: 28457128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A multilaboratory validation (MLV) was performed to extend the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) analytical method Elemental Analysis Manual (EAM) §4.10, High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometric Determination of Four Arsenic Species in Fruit Juice, to include wine. Several method modifications were examined to optimize the method for the analysis of dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, arsenate (AsV), and arsenite (AsIII) in various wine matrices with a range of ethanol concentrations by liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The optimized method was used for the analysis of five wines of different classifications (red, white, sparkling, rosé, and fortified) by three laboratories. Additionally, the samples were fortified in duplicate at levels of approximately 5, 10, and 30 μg kg-1 and analyzed by each participating laboratory. The combined average fortification recoveries of dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylarsonic acid, and inorganic arsenic (iAs the sum of AsV and AsIII) in these samples were 101, 100, and 100%, respectively. To further demonstrate the method, 46 additional wine samples were analyzed. The total As levels of all the wines analyzed in this study were between 1.0 and 38.2 μg kg-1. The overall average mass balance based on the sum of the species recovered from the chromatographic separation compared to the total As measured was 89% with a range of 51-135%. In the 51 analyzed samples, iAs accounted for an average of 91% of the sum of the species with a range of 37-100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Tanabe
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
- Food Safety & Measurement Facility, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Helene Hopfer
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Susan E Ebeler
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
- Food Safety & Measurement Facility, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department of Viticulture & Enology, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
- Food Safety & Measurement Facility, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
- Agilent Technologies, Inc. , 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Sean D Conklin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. FDA , College Park, Maryland 20866, United States
| | - Kevin M Kubachka
- Forensic Chemistry Center, U.S. FDA , Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, United States
| | - Robert A Wilson
- Forensic Chemistry Center, U.S. FDA , Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, United States
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Monnot AD, Tvermoes BE, Gerads R, Gürleyük H, Paustenbach DJ. Risks associated with arsenic exposure resulting from the consumption of California wines sold in the United States. Food Chem 2016; 211:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Santos S, Lapa N, Alves A, Morais J, Mendes B. Analytical methods and validation for determining trace elements in red wines. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2013; 48:364-375. [PMID: 23431974 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2013.742374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this work is to quantify As, Hg, Cd, Ni and Pb in Portuguese red wines. First, the methods for the quantification of trace elements in red wines were validated. Several pre-treatments were compared, namely a pre-digestion process with HNO(3), a pre-oxidation step with H(2)O(2), and a spiking step of wine samples with a known concentration of the trace elements analyzed. Except for As, it was determined that the quantification of the trace elements does not require a pre-digestion process with HNO(3). For all of the trace elements analyzed, a pre-oxidation step with H(2)O(2) may enable an accurate quantification. The techniques chosen for the quantification of trace elements were hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) for As and Hg, electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) for Cd, and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) for Ni and Pb. In the second stage of this work, 25 Portuguese red wines spanning all of the red wine-producing regions were analyzed for all of the five trace elements referred to above. Only Cd and Pb have shown concentrations above the limit values defined by the "Organization Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin." The Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) equation was used to determine in which wine-producing regions that wine consumption can be a problem for public health in terms of the concentrations of the five trace elements analyzed. THQ values have indicated that for the universe of the 25 red wines analyzed no region produces wines that can pose problems for public health, when the Portuguese red wine standard consumption is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Santos
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Ed. Departamental, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.
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Conklin SD, Chen PE. Quantification of four arsenic species in fruit juices by ion-chromatography–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:1272-9. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2012.687775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Huang JH, Hu KN, Ilgen J, Ilgen G. Occurrence and stability of inorganic and organic arsenic species in wines, rice wines and beers from Central European market. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2012; 29:85-93. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2011.615029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Rodrigues SM, Otero M, Alves AA, Coimbra J, Coimbra MA, Pereira E, Duarte AC. Elemental analysis for categorization of wines and authentication of their certified brand of origin. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Grindlay G, Mora J, Gras L, de Loos-Vollebregt MT. Atomic spectrometry methods for wine analysis: A critical evaluation and discussion of recent applications. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 691:18-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Metals in wine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1201/9780203634523.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Abstract
Data for the arsenic content in various foods were collated. The number of collected values was about 2500 columns, which enables an estimation of the range of arsenic contents in each food group. Data were categorized into six groups (crops, milk/meat/egg, fish, algae, seafood, others) and expressed as a percentile graph. In addition, the inorganic arsenic ratio of each food group was estimated. This approach enabled the authors to understand the arsenic contents of some food groups at a glance. The intake of inorganic arsenic seems to be mostly from seafood. The contribution from other categories of food is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Uneyama
- Division of Safety Information on Drug, National Institute of Health Sciences, Food and Chemicals, Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
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Lopez-Abente G, Aragones N, Ramis R, Hernandez-Barrera V, Perez-Gomez B, Escolar-Pujolar A, Pollan M. Municipal distribution of bladder cancer mortality in Spain: possible role of mining and industry. BMC Public Health 2006; 6:17. [PMID: 16438735 PMCID: PMC1409784 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 01/27/2006] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spain shows the highest bladder cancer incidence rates in men among European countries. The most important risk factors are tobacco smoking and occupational exposure to a range of different chemical substances, such as aromatic amines. Methods This paper describes the municipal distribution of bladder cancer mortality and attempts to "adjust" this spatial pattern for the prevalence of smokers, using the autoregressive spatial model proposed by Besag, York and Molliè, with relative risk of lung cancer mortality as a surrogate. Results It has been possible to compile and ascertain the posterior distribution of relative risk for bladder cancer adjusted for lung cancer mortality, on the basis of a single Bayesian spatial model covering all of Spain's 8077 towns. Maps were plotted depicting smoothed relative risk (RR) estimates, and the distribution of the posterior probability of RR>1 by sex. Towns that registered the highest relative risks for both sexes were mostly located in the Provinces of Cadiz, Seville, Huelva, Barcelona and Almería. The highest-risk area in Barcelona Province corresponded to very specific municipal areas in the Bages district, e.g., Suría, Sallent, Balsareny, Manresa and Cardona. Conclusion Mining/industrial pollution and the risk entailed in certain occupational exposures could in part be dictating the pattern of municipal bladder cancer mortality in Spain. Population exposure to arsenic is a matter that calls for attention. It would be of great interest if the relationship between the chemical quality of drinking water and the frequency of bladder cancer could be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Lopez-Abente
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Aragones
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentin Hernandez-Barrera
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Perez-Gomez
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marina Pollan
- Environmental and Cancer Epidemiology Unit, National Centre for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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Francesconi KA, Kuehnelt D. Determination of arsenic species: A critical review of methods and applications, 2000–2003. Analyst 2004; 129:373-95. [PMID: 15116227 DOI: 10.1039/b401321m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We review recent research in the field of arsenic speciation analysis with the emphasis on significant advances, novel applications and current uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Francesconi
- Institute of Chemistry - Analytical Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University, Universitaetsplatz 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
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