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Tietel Z, Hammann S, Meckelmann SW, Ziv C, Pauling JK, Wölk M, Würf V, Alves E, Neves B, Domingues MR. An overview of food lipids toward food lipidomics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4302-4354. [PMID: 37616018 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence regarding lipids' beneficial effects on human health has changed the common perception of consumers and dietary officials about the role(s) of food lipids in a healthy diet. However, lipids are a wide group of molecules with specific nutritional and bioactive properties. To understand their true nutritional and functional value, robust methods are needed for accurate identification and quantification. Specific analytical strategies are crucial to target specific classes, especially the ones present in trace amounts. Finding a unique and comprehensive methodology to cover the full lipidome of each foodstuff is still a challenge. This review presents an overview of the lipids nutritionally relevant in foods and new trends in food lipid analysis for each type/class of lipids. Food lipid classes are described following the LipidMaps classification, fatty acids, endocannabinoids, waxes, C8 compounds, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids (i.e., glycolipids, betaine lipids, and triglycerides), sphingolipids, sterols, sercosterols (vitamin D), isoprenoids (i.e., carotenoids and retinoids (vitamin A)), quinones (i.e., coenzyme Q, vitamin K, and vitamin E), terpenes, oxidized lipids, and oxylipin are highlighted. The uniqueness of each food group: oil-, protein-, and starch-rich, as well as marine foods, fruits, and vegetables (water-rich) regarding its lipid composition, is included. The effect of cooking, food processing, and storage, in addition to the importance of lipidomics in food quality and authenticity, are also discussed. A critical review of challenges and future trends of the analytical approaches and computational methods in global food lipidomics as the basis to increase consumer awareness of the significant role of lipids in food quality and food security worldwide is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Simon Hammann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Michele Wölk
- Lipid Metabolism: Analysis and Integration; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research; Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vivian Würf
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruna Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Borel P, Troadec R, Damiani M, Halimi C, Nowicki M, Guichard P, Margier M, Astier J, Grino M, Reboul E, Landrier JF. β-Carotene Bioavailability and Conversion Efficiency Are Significantly Affected by Sex in Rats: First Observation Suggesting a Possible Hormetic Regulation of Vitamin A Metabolism in Female Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100650. [PMID: 34633772 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To study the effect of variation in dietary vitamin A (VA) content on its hepatic and intestinal metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult female and male rats are fed with diets containing 400, 2300, or 9858 IU kg-1 VA for 31-33 weeks. VA concentrations are measured in plasma and liver. Bioavailability and intestinal conversion efficiency of β-carotene to VA are assessed by measuring postprandial plasma β-carotene and retinyl palmitate concentrations after force-feeding rats with β-carotene. Expression of genes involved in VA metabolism, together with concentrations of RBP4, BCO1, and SR-BI proteins, are measured in the intestine and liver of female rats. Plasma retinol concentrations are lower and hepatic free retinol concentrations are higher in females than in males. There is no effect of dietary VA content on β-carotene bioavailability and its conversion efficiency, but bioavailability is higher and conversion efficiency is lower in females than in males. The expression of most genes exhibited a U-shaped dose response curve depending on VA intake. CONCLUSIONS β-Carotene bioavailability and conversion efficiency to VA are affected by the sex of rats. Results of gene expression suggest a hormetic regulation of VA metabolism in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Romane Troadec
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Marion Nowicki
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Julien Astier
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Grino
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix-Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
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Diao SM, Poppenga RH, Gonzales Alarcio G, Foley JE, Bandivadekar RR, Aston LS, Tell LA. Concentrations of Retinol and α-Tocopherol in Tissue Samples From Anna's Hummingbirds ( Calypte anna). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:637. [PMID: 33134339 PMCID: PMC7553074 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinol (vitamin A) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) concentrations were measured in tissue samples (liver, heart, pectoral muscle, and brain) from Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna). Hummingbirds were after-hatch year birds that were sourced from various rehabilitation centers throughout California. Tissues samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation (SD), and median ppm concentrations were calculated for each vitamin and tissue sample type. A novel analytical method was developed to analyze small mass tissue samples, with the smallest sample mass being 0.05 g for which analysis can be performed. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) concentrations of retinol in hummingbird livers, hearts, and pectoral muscle samples were 269.0 ± 216.9 ppm, 1.8 ± 2.2 ppm, and 0.3 ± 0.1 ppm, respectively. Mean ± SD α-tocopherol concentrations were 6.9 ± 4.6 ppm, 5.5 ± 4.0 ppm, 3.7 ± 2.2 ppm, and 9.1 ± 3.2 ppm for liver, heart, pectoral muscle, and brain samples, respectively. Vitamin concentrations from varying tissue types were compared to determine which were best associated with liver concentrations, the most commonly analyzed tissue for these vitamins. For both retinol and α-tocopherol, heart samples were most strongly associated with the liver samples. The results of this study provide baseline retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations in different tissue types from Anna's hummingbirds. These baseline values may be utilized in conservation efforts to avoid hypervitaminosis and hypovitaminosis of rehabilitated and/or captive hummingbirds by providing guidelines for nutritional targets which could be assessed on post-mortem examinations. Post-mortem examination of birds and measurement of vitamin concentrations in tissues may allow for dietary changes that aid captive hummingbirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Diao
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Robert H Poppenga
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Gwendolyne Gonzales Alarcio
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Janet E Foley
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Ruta R Bandivadekar
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Linda S Aston
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Darwish WS, Ikenaka Y, Morshdy AE, Eldesoky KI, Nakayama S, Mizukawa H, Ishizuka M. β-carotene and retinol contents in the meat of herbivorous ungulates with a special reference to their public health importance. J Vet Med Sci 2015; 78:351-4. [PMID: 26498400 PMCID: PMC4785134 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate total carotenoids, β-carotene and retinol concentrations in the livers
and muscles of some ungulates (cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and horses) in comparison with the Wistar rats as
a control. Cattle and horses had the highest contents of total carotenoids and β-carotene. Unexpectedly, sheep
was the highest accumulator of retinol with a mean concentration of 203 ± 23.34 µg/g, while
the least accumulator was buffalo, having a mean value of 58.28 ± 13.77 µg/g. Livers had
higher contents of the examined phytochemicals than muscles. Consumption of these tissues may provide human
with some needs from these important phytochemicals, though ingestion of livers, especially that of the sheep,
is not advisable for the pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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Kandasamy S, Chattha KS, Vlasova AN, Saif LJ. Prenatal vitamin A deficiency impairs adaptive immune responses to pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq®) in a neonatal gnotobiotic pig model. Vaccine 2013; 32:816-24. [PMID: 24380684 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is associated with increased childhood mortality and morbidity in impoverished Asian and African countries, but the impact of VAD on rotavirus (RV) vaccine or infection is poorly understood. We assessed effects of gestational and dietary induced pre- and post-natal VAD and vitamin A supplementation on immune responses to a pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, RotaTeq(®) in a neonatal gnotobiotic pig model. Vaccine efficacy was assessed against virulent G1P[8] human rotavirus (HRV) challenge. VAD and vitamin A sufficient (VAS) piglets were derived from dietary VAD and VAS sows, respectively. VAD piglets had significantly lower levels of hepatic vitamin A compared to that of VAS piglets. RotaTeq(®)-vaccinated VAD piglets had 350-fold higher fecal virus shedding titers compared to vaccinated VAS piglets post-challenge. Only 25% of vaccinated non-vitamin A supplemented VAD piglets were protected against diarrhea compared with 100% protection rate in vaccinated non-supplemented VAS piglets post-challenge. Intestinal HRV specific immune responses were compromised in VAD piglets. Vaccinated VAD piglets had significantly lower ileal HRV IgG antibody secreting cell (ASC) responses (pre-challenge) and duodenal HRV IgA ASC responses (post-challenge) compared to vaccinated VAS piglets. Also, intestinal HRV IgA antibody titers were 11-fold lower in vaccinated VAD compared to vaccinated VAS piglets post-challenge. Persistently elevated levels of IL-8, a pro-inflammatory mediator, and lower IL-10 responses (anti-inflammatory) in vaccinated VAD compared to VAS piglets suggest more severe inflammatory responses in VAD piglets post-challenge. Moreover higher IFN-γ responses pre-challenge were observed in VAD compared to VAS piglets. The impaired vaccine-specific intestinal antibody responses and decreased immunoregulatory cytokine responses coincided with reduced protective efficacy of the RV vaccine against virulent HRV challenge in VAD piglets. In conclusion, VAD impaired antibody responses to RotaTeq(®) and vaccine efficacy. Oral supplementation of 100,000 IU vitamin A concurrent with RV vaccine failed to increase the vaccine efficacy in VAD piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Kandasamy
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
| | - Kuldeep S Chattha
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
| | - Anastasia N Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
| | - Linda J Saif
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
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Senoo H, Imai K, Mezaki Y, Miura M, Morii M, Fujiwara M, Blomhoff R. Accumulation of Vitamin A in the Hepatic Stellate Cell of Arctic Top Predators. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:1660-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.22555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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O’Callaghan Y, O’Brien N. Bioaccessibility, cellular uptake and transepithelial transport of α-tocopherol and retinol from a range of supplemented foodstuffs assessed using the caco-2 cell model. Int J Food Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2010.02285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Santos VVAD, Costa APMD, Soares NKM, Pires JF, Ramalho HMM, Dimenstein R. Effect of storage on retinol concentration of Cobb and Ross strain chicken livers. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60 Suppl 1:220-31. [DOI: 10.1080/09637480902992862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Praxedes de Aquino RC, Pereira de Melo IL, da Silva Lourenço RM, Dimenstein R. Analysis of retinol concentrations in bovine liver and its habitual consumption by pregnant women. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2006; 50:325-9. [PMID: 16809900 DOI: 10.1159/000094295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The objectives of this study were to analyze retinol concentrations in two groups of bovine liver, to estimate the habitual consumption of bovine liver among pregnant women, and, based on these data, to evaluate the women's ingestion of vitamin A. METHOD 60 samples of bovine liver, 30 of the Nelore breed and 30 of undefined breed (UB), were analyzed using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for retinol dosage. 100 women under care at the University Maternity Hospital Januário Cicco, UFRN, in Natal, RN, Brazil, completed the Frequency of Nourishment Questionnaire. RESULTS The mean +/- SD values for the retinol concentrations in the liver samples of the Nelore breed and the UB groups were 16,947.8 +/- 6,866.9 and 5,213.1 +/- 2,517.2 microg of retinol/100 g, respectively. A high number of women consumed liver (73%) and in 71% of the cases the advice for the consumption of this food was provided by qualified professionals. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the daily consumption of the bovine liver is not recommended for pregnant women, regardless of the genetic origin of the animal. The study alert health professionals of the danger of recommending the ingestion of bovine liver during pregnancy.
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Surles RL, Li J, Tanumihardjo SA. The modified-relative-dose-response values in serum and milk are positively correlated over time in lactating sows with adequate vitamin A status. J Nutr 2006; 136:939-45. [PMID: 16549454 DOI: 10.1093/jn/136.4.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The modified-relative-dose-response (MRDR) test, which requires a blood sample after dosing with 3,4-didehydroretinyl acetate (DRA), has been used to determine vitamin A (VA) status of individuals and groups worldwide. Less invasive methods using milk are in development in a swine model. Swine are a good choice for studying VA metabolism because their gastrointestinal anatomy, morphology, physiology, and VA requirements are similar to those of humans. In this study, DRA was used as a VA tracer in lactating sows to follow the metabolism of newly ingested VA. Lactating sows (n = 6) were administered 35 micromol DRA after overnight food deprivation. Blood and milk were collected at 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 7, 9, 24, and 48 h; livers were obtained at the time of killing. Samples were analyzed for didehydroretinol (DR), retinol (R), and didehydroretinyl esters (DRE). Serum DR:R was compared with that in milk and other VA indicators. DRE rapidly increased in serum, corresponding to chylomicra, whereas DR increased at a slower rate corresponding to the holo-DR:retinol-binding protein complex released from the liver. An estimated 10-20% of the dose was irreversibly lost in milk over 48 h. The mean MRDR value was 0.018 +/- 0.013 at 5 h and the mean liver VA was 0.73 +/- 0.21 micromol/g, both signifying sufficient stores. Milk and serum DR:R values were directly correlated (r = 0.64, P < 0.0001). Thus, DR:R values in milk may be a potential alternative to serum in determining VA status in lactating women. Future work is required in VA-deficient sows and women of varying VA status to determine DR trafficking and to compare DR:R values in milk with those in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Surles
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Penniston KL, Tanumihardjo SA. Elevated serum concentrations of beta-glucuronide metabolites and 4-oxoretinol in lactating sows after treatment with vitamin A: a model for evaluating supplementation in lactating women. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81:851-8. [PMID: 15817863 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/81.4.851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of large doses of preformed vitamin A, such as those provided in supplementation programs for the prevention of deficiency, on total serum vitamin A have been inadequately investigated. OBJECTIVE This study characterized the time course of serum vitamin A metabolites in lactating sows after single high doses of retinyl ester. DESIGN Lactating sows were fitted with jugular catheters and subsequently fed either 1.05 or 2.1 mmol retinyl ester (n = 6/group) or a corn oil vehicle (n = 3). Blood was collected at baseline and at intervals to 48 h and analyzed by gradient HPLC for retinol, retinyl esters, and metabolites. RESULTS The mean (+/-SD) total serum vitamin A concentration peaked at 1 h (3.69 +/- 4.0 mumol/L) and 2 h (7.70 +/- 6.8 mumol/L) in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Retinyl esters accounted for most of the serum vitamin A in both groups at peak time points. Mean serum retinol concentrations changed little and accounted for most of the serum vitamin A at baseline (94% and 97% for the low- and high-dose groups, respectively) but for only 22% and 14% at peak times for the low- and high-dose groups, respectively. Postdosage increases were observed for total vitamin A and retinyl esters, 4-oxoretinol, retinoyl beta-glucuronide, and retinyl beta-glucuronide but not for retinoic acid. CONCLUSIONS Serum retinol concentration remains relatively static after a large dose of preformed vitamin A and therefore is not an appropriate measure of intervention efficacy. The increases in beta-glucuronide metabolites and 4-oxoretinol suggest a preventive role against a rise in retinoic acid and retinol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina L Penniston
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Penniston KL, Valentine AR, Tanumihardjo SA. A theoretical increase in infants' hepatic vitamin a is realized using a supplemented lactating sow model. J Nutr 2003; 133:1139-42. [PMID: 12672932 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.4.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health problem affecting millions in developing nations. Supplementation for lactating women, whose needs are high, involves large oral doses of the preformed vitamin. The safety and efficacy of these doses has been inadequately studied. Lactating women typically receive 210 micro mol of retinyl ester during early lactation, but 420 micro mol has also been administered. If larger doses of vitamin A are not significantly more effective in preventing VAD in mothers and infants, then smaller doses would be recommended. We therefore examined the vitamin A concentration of milk from lactating sows (n = 15) that were provided two different doses of vitamin A (i.e., 1050 or 2100 micro mol, n = 6/group) or corn oil (n = 3), corresponding to doses given women on the basis of body weight. Compared with controls, an overall significant treatment effect was found (P = 0.0019), but there was no difference in milk concentration between treatment groups. Theoretically, applying the mean milk vitamin A concentrations of the groups through 12 h and values to 48 h from 4 sows, we estimate that an infant of a supplemented mother could realize an increase of +0.08 or 0.16 micro mol/g liver from the low or high dose, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina L Penniston
- Integrated Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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van Vliet T, Boelsma E, de Vries AJ, van den Berg H. Retinoic acid metabolites in plasma are higher after intake of liver paste compared with a vitamin A supplement in women. J Nutr 2001; 131:3197-203. [PMID: 11739865 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.12.3197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the present study were to compare the bioavailability of vitamin A from liver paste and from a vitamin A supplement at three nutritionally relevant levels of intake, and to estimate levels of "safe" intake based on concentrations of retinoic acid and its metabolites in plasma after a single dose of vitamin A from liver paste. Women (n = 35; 19-47 y of age) consumed 3.0, 7.5 or 15 mg vitamin A as liver paste or as a vitamin A supplement with a test meal in a randomized design, with a combined crossover (two sources) and parallel approach (three dosages). Retinyl esters and retinoic acid (RA) metabolites were quantified in blood samples at 2-24 h after dosing. The areas under the time-response curves (AUC) were calculated to evaluate responses in plasma vitamin A after intake of liver paste and the vitamin A supplements. For retinyl esters, the AUC was significantly affected by the dosage, but not by the source. The formation of 13-cis-RA, 13-cis-4-oxo-RA, and to a lesser extent all-trans-RA was significantly higher after consumption of liver paste compared with the supplement, especially at higher dosages. Long-term baseline concentrations of retinol were not affected by a single intake of vitamin A. In conclusion, the bioavailability of vitamin A from single doses of liver paste and a vitamin A supplement does not differ, but the plasma concentrations of RA metabolites are higher after intake of liver paste. Thus, pregnant women should indeed limit the intake of vitamin A from liver products.
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Affiliation(s)
- T van Vliet
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, TNO Nutrition and Food Research, Zeist, The Netherlands.
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