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Fischer J, Thümmler K, Zlotnikov I, Mikhailova D, Fischer S. Synthesis of Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Microspheres as Precursor for Hard Carbon-Based Electrodes in Symmetric Supercapacitors. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2176. [PMID: 39125201 PMCID: PMC11314155 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose microspheres have a wide range of applications due to their unique properties and versatility. Various preparation methods have been explored to tailor these microspheres for specific applications. Among these methods, the acetate method using cellulose acetate is well known. However, replacement of the acetate group through the butyrate group significantly extends the variety of morphological properties. In the present work, microspheres based on cellulose acetate butyrate are being developed with modified characteristics in terms of particle size, porosity, surface morphology and the inner structure of the microspheres. While the inner structure of cellulose acetate microspheres is predominantly porous, microspheres prepared from cellulose acetate butyrate are mainly filled or contain several smaller microspheres. Carbon materials from cellulose acetate butyrate microspheres exhibit a high specific surface area of 567 m2 g-1, even without further activation. Activation processes can further increase the specific surface area, accompanied by an adaptation of the pore structure. The prepared carbons show promising results in symmetrical supercapacitors with aqueous 6 M KOH electrolytes. Activated carbons derived from cellulose acetate butyrate microspheres demonstrate an energy density of 12 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 0.9 kW kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Fischer
- Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Str. 19, 01737 Tharandt, Germany;
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Material Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Institute for Materials Chemistry (IMC), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Katrin Thümmler
- Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Str. 19, 01737 Tharandt, Germany;
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- B CUBE—Center for Molecular Bioengineering, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tatzberg 41, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Daria Mikhailova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Material Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Institute for Materials Chemistry (IMC), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Steffen Fischer
- Institute of Plant and Wood Chemistry, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Str. 19, 01737 Tharandt, Germany;
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Jafar M, Salahuddin M, Khan MSA, Alshehry Y, Alrwaili NR, Alzahrani YA, Imam SS, Alshehri S. Preparation and In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation of Luteolin Loaded Gastroretentive Microsponge for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infections. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2094. [PMID: 34959375 PMCID: PMC8705744 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to develop a luteolin gastric floating microsponge for targeting Helicobacter pylori. The microsponge formulations were prepared by a quasi-emulsion method, and then evaluated for various physicochemical variables. The best microsponge was further assessed for drug-polymer interactions, surface morphology, in vivo floating, and in vitro anti H. pylori activity. The formulation which exhibited comparatively good production yield (64.45% ± 0.83), high entrapment efficiency (67.33% ± 3.79), prolonged in vitro floating time (>8 h), and sustained in-vitro drug release was selected as the best microsponge. The SEM study revealed that the best microsponge was spherical in shape and has a porous surface with interconnecting channels. DSC and XRD studies demonstrated the dispersion of luteolin in the polymeric matrix of the microsponge. Ultrasonography confirmed that the best microsponge could in the rat stomach for 4 h. The in vitro MIC results indicate that the anti H. pylori activity of the best microsponge was almost doubled and more sustained compared to pure luteolin. To conclude, it can be said that the developed luteolin gastric floating microsponge could be a better option to effectively eradicate H. pylori infections and the histopathological and pharmacodynamic assessments of our best microsponge can be expected to provide a rewarding outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (N.R.A.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasir Alshehry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (N.R.A.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Nazar Radwan Alrwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (N.R.A.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yazeed Ali Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (N.R.A.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
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Ammar HO, Ghorab M, Kamel R, Salama AH. Design and optimization of gastro-retentive microballoons for enhanced bioavailability of cinnarizine. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2016; 6:210-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-016-0280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kharb V, Saharan VA, Dev K, Jadhav H, Purohit S. Formulation, evaluation and 32full factorial design-based optimization of ondansetron hydrochloride incorporated taste masked microspheres. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:839-52. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.836220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lee JH, Choi G, Oh YJ, Park JW, Choy YB, Park MC, Yoon YJ, Lee HJ, Chang HC, Choy JH. A nanohybrid system for taste masking of sildenafil. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:1635-49. [PMID: 22619517 PMCID: PMC3356190 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s28264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A nanohybrid was prepared with an inorganic clay material, montmorillonite (MMT), for taste masking of sildenafil (SDN). To further improve the taste-masking efficiency and enhance the drug-release rate, we coated the nanohybrid of SDN-MMT with a basic polymer, polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA). Powder X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared experiments showed that SDN was successfully intercalated into the interlayer space of MMT. The AEA-coated SDN-MMT nanohybrid showed drug release was much suppressed at neutral pH (release rate, 4.70 ± 0.53%), suggesting a potential for drug taste masking at the buccal cavity. We also performed in vitro drug release experiments in a simulated gastric fluid (pH = 1.2) and compared the drug-release profiles of AEA-coated SDN-MMT and Viagra(®), an approved dosage form of SDN. As a result, about 90% of SDN was released from the AEA-coated SDN-MMT during the first 2 hours while almost 100% of drug was released from Viagra(®). However, an in vivo experiment showed that the AEA-coated SDN-MMT exhibited higher drug exposure than Viagra(®). For the AEA-coated SDN-MMT, the area under the plasma concentration- time curve from 0 hours to infinity (AUC(0-∞)) and maximum concentration (C(max)) were 78.8 ± 2.32 μg · hour/mL and 12.4 ± 0.673 μg/mL, respectively, both of which were larger than those obtained with Viagra(®) (AUC(0-∞) = 69.2 ± 3.19 μg · hour/mL; C(max) = 10.5 ± 0.641 μg/mL). Therefore, we concluded that the MMT-based nanohybrid is a promising delivery system for taste masking of SDN with possibly improved drug exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Lee
- Center for Intelligent Nano-Bio Materials (CINBM), Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Alhnan MA, Cosi D, Murdan S, Basit AW. Inhibiting the Gastric Burst Release of Drugs from Enteric Microparticles: The Influence of Drug Molecular Mass and Solubility. J Pharm Sci 2010; 99:4576-83. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kendall RA, Alhnan MA, Nilkumhang S, Murdan S, Basit AW. Fabrication and in vivo evaluation of highly pH-responsive acrylic microparticles for targeted gastrointestinal delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2009; 37:284-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Revised: 01/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Obeidat WM, Obeidat SM, Alzoubi NM. Investigations on the physical structure and the mechanism of drug release from an enteric matrix microspheres with a near-zero-order release kinetics using SEM and quantitative FTIR. AAPS PharmSciTech 2009; 10:615-23. [PMID: 19444619 PMCID: PMC2690803 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-009-9240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physical structure and the release mechanisms of theophylline microspheres made of Eudragit S 100 polymer as an enteric polymer, combined with a nonerodible polymer, Eudragit RL 100. In the preparation process, polymer combinations (1:1) were dissolved in an organic solvent mixture composed of acetone and methanol at a specific ratio containing a theoretical drug loading of approximately 15%. Two microsphere formulations (LS1 and LS2) were prepared at two different total polymer concentrations (10% in LS1 and 12.7% in LS2). Dissolution studies were carried out using US Pharmacopeia Dissolution Apparatus II in an acidic medium for 8 h and in an acidic medium (2 h) followed by a slightly basic-buffered medium for 10 h. Both LS1 and LS2 microsphere formulations produced particles that were spherical in shape and had very narrow size distributions with one size fraction comprising 70-80% of the yield. Scanning electron microscopy and quantitative Fourier transform infrared were used for microsphere physical structure evaluation. Except for the absence of drug crystals, photomicrographs of both LS microspheres after dissolution in pH 1.2 and 7.2 buffer solutions were similar to those before dissolution. Dissolution results indicated the ability of LS microspheres to minimize drug release during the acid stage. However, in the slightly basic medium that followed the acidic stage, the drug release was sustained and controlled in its kinetics and data fitted to Peppas equation indicated a case II transport suggesting that the drug release is mainly through swelling/erosion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasfy M. Obeidat
- />College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- />Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110 Jordan
| | - Safwan M. Obeidat
- />College of Science, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman, 11392 Jordan
| | - Nizar M. Alzoubi
- />College of Pharmacy, Applied Science University, P.O. Box 926296, Amman, 11931 Jordan
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Choudhury PK, Kar M. Controlled release metformin hydrochloride microspheres of ethyl cellulose prepared by different methods and study on the polymer affected parameters. J Microencapsul 2008; 26:46-53. [DOI: 10.1080/02652040802130503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Barakat NS, Ahmad AAE. Diclofenac sodium loaded-cellulose acetate butyrate: Effect of processing variables on microparticles properties, drug release kinetics and ulcerogenic activity. J Microencapsul 2008; 25:31-45. [DOI: 10.1080/02652040701747928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Raffin RP, Colomé LM, Guterres SS, Pohlmann AR. Enteric Controlled-Release Pantoprazole-Loaded Microparticles Prepared by Using Eudragit S100 and Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blend. Pharm Dev Technol 2008; 12:463-71. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450701556933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Salaün F, Devaux E, Bourbigot S, Rumeau P. Development of a precipitation method intended for the entrapment of hydrated salt. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Obeidat WM, Obaidat IM. Effect of the dispersion of Eudragit S100 powder on the properties of cellulose acetate butyrate microspheres containing theophylline made by the emulsion-solvent evaporation method. J Microencapsul 2008; 24:263-73. [PMID: 17454437 DOI: 10.1080/02652040701233648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The dispersion/incorporation of Eudragit S100 powder as a filler in cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB-551-0.01) microsphere containing theophylline was investigated as a means of controlling drug release. Microspheres of CAB-551-0.01 of different polymer solution concentrations/viscosities were prepared (preparations Z(0), Z(A), Z(B) and Z(C)) and evaluated and compared to microspheres of a constant concentration of CAB-551-0.01 containing different amounts of Eudragit S100 powder as a filler (preparations X(A), X(B) and X(C)). The organic solvent acetonitrile used was capable of dissolving the matrix former CAB-551-0.01 only but not Eudragit S100 powder in the emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The CAB-551-0.01 concentration in Z(A), Z(B) and Z(C) was equal to the total polymer concentration (CAB-551-0.01 and Eudragit S100 powder) in X(A), X(B) and X(C), respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify microspheres shape and morphology. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out on the microspheres at 37 degrees C (+/-0.5 degrees C) at two successive different pH media (1.2 +/- 0.2 for 2 h and 6.5 +/- 0.2 for 10 h). Z preparations exhibited low rates of drug release in the acidic and the slightly neutral media. On the other hand, X preparations showed an initial rapid release in the acidic medium followed by a decrease in the release rate at the early stage of dissolution in the slightly neutral pH which could be due to some relaxation and gelation of Eudragit S100 powder to form a gel network before it dissolves completely allowing the remained drug to be released.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasfy M Obeidat
- Jordan University of Science and Technology, PO Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Scarfato P, Avallone E, Iannelli P, Aquino RP, Lauro MR, Rossi A, Acierno D. Quercetin microspheres by solvent evaporation: Preparation, characterization and release behavior. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rokhade AP, Patil SA, Belhekar AA, Halligudi SB, Aminabhavi TM. Preparation and evaluation of cellulose acetate butyrate and poly(ethylene oxide) blend microspheres for gastroretentive floating delivery of repaglinide. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yoo HS. Preparation of biodegradable polymeric hollow microspheres using O/O/W emulsion stabilized by Labrafil. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2006; 52:47-51. [PMID: 16930956 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable hollow microspheres were prepared by double oil and water emulsion using a lipophilic surfactant, Labrafil M 1944 CS. Olive oil was emulsified in biodegradable polymer-dissolved dichloromethane mixed with Labrafil by vigorous sonication. This oil-in-oil emulsion was directly re-emulsified in 0.1% poly(vinyl alcohol) solution, subsequently solidified by evaporating dichloromethane. Olive oil and Labrafil were extracted from the microspheres by using hexane. After vigorous washing with n-hexane, the hollow microsphere was freeze-dried and examined under scanning electron microscopy, confirming the morphology of hollow microspheres with thin walls and huge blank cores inside. The concentration of poly(l-lactide) in dichloromethane affected the size of hollow microspheres while the volume of olive oil or dichloromethane did not. This hollow microsphere is expected to be employed as an imaging contrast agent and a novel drug delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk Sang Yoo
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Hyoja2-dong, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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