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Berntson L, Elfving A, Samuelsson AG, Öman A, Mobarrez F. Blood brain barrier permeability and astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cross-sectional study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024; 22:47. [PMID: 38671467 PMCID: PMC11046815 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-024-00984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent rheumatic disease in children, and the inflammatory process is widely studied, primarily characterized by its impact on joint health. Emerging evidence suggests that JIA may also affect the central nervous system (CNS). This study investigates the potential CNS involvement in JIA by analyzing the presence of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the S100B protein in plasma, both of which are indicative of astrocyte activity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. METHODS EDTA plasma from 90 children diagnosed with JIA and 10 healthy controls, matched by age and gender, was analyzed for extracellular vesicles by flow cytometric measurement. Astrocyte-derived EVs were identified using flow cytometry with markers for aquaporin 4 (AQP-4) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Levels of the S100B protein were measured using a commercial ELISA. Disease activity was assessed using the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS27, 0-57), and pain levels were measured using a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0-10 cm). RESULTS Our analyses revealed a significantly higher concentration of astrocyte-derived EVs in the plasma of children with JIA compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, children with JADAS27 scores of 1 or higher exhibited notably higher levels of these EVs. The S100B protein was detectable exclusively in the JIA group. CONCLUSION The elevated levels of astrocyte-derived EVs and the presence of S100B in children with JIA provide evidence of BBB disruption and CNS involvement, particularly in those with higher disease activity. These findings underscore the importance of considering CNS health in the comprehensive management of JIA. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms behind CNS engagement in JIA and to develop treatments that address both joint and CNS manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillemor Berntson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Elfving
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Öman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Zapata-Acevedo JF, Mantilla-Galindo A, Vargas-Sánchez K, González-Reyes RE. Blood-brain barrier biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:1-88. [PMID: 38797540 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic interface that regulates the exchange of molecules and cells between the brain parenchyma and the peripheral blood. The BBB is mainly composed of endothelial cells, astrocytes and pericytes. The integrity of this structure is essential for maintaining brain and spinal cord homeostasis and protection from injury or disease. However, in various neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, the BBB can become compromised thus allowing passage of molecules and cells in and out of the central nervous system parenchyma. These agents, however, can serve as biomarkers of BBB permeability and neuronal damage, and provide valuable information for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Herein, we provide an overview of the BBB and changes due to aging, and summarize current knowledge on biomarkers of BBB disruption and neurodegeneration, including permeability, cellular, molecular and imaging biomarkers. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities for developing a biomarker toolkit that can reliably assess the BBB in physiologic and pathophysiologic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Zapata-Acevedo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandra Mantilla-Galindo
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Karina Vargas-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Celular, Grupo de Neurociencia Traslacional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo E González-Reyes
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias, Centro de Neurociencia Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
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3
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Li F, Li L, Peng R, Liu C, Liu X, Liu Y, Wang C, Xu J, Zhang Q, Yang G, Li Y, Chen F, Li S, Cui W, Liu L, Xu X, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Zhang J. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles mediate systemic coagulopathy and inflammation after traumatic brain injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111674. [PMID: 38387190 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can induce systemic coagulopathy and inflammation, thereby increasing the risk of mortality and disability. However, the mechanism causing systemic coagulopathy and inflammation following TBI remains unclear. In prior research, we discovered that brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs), originating from the injured brain, can activate the coagulation cascade and inflammatory cells. In this study, we primarily investigated how BDEVs affect systemic coagulopathy and inflammation in peripheral circulation. The results of cytokines and coagulation function indicated that BDEVs can lead to systemic coagulopathy and inflammation by influencing inflammatory factors and chemokines within 24 h. Furthermore, according to flow cytometry and blood cell counter results, we found that BDEVs induced changes in the blood count such as a reduced number of platelets and leukocytes and an increased percentage of neutrophils, macrophages, activated platelets, circulating platelet-EVs, and leukocyte-derived EVs. We also discovered that eliminating circulating BDEVs with lactadherin helped improve coagulopathy and inflammation, relieved blood cell dysfunction, and decreased the circulating platelet-EVs and leukocyte-derived EVs. Our research provides a novel viewpoint and potential mechanism of TBI-associated secondary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianye Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Guili Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - FangLian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Weiyun Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
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4
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Filannino FM, Panaro MA, Benameur T, Pizzolorusso I, Porro C. Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System: A Novel Mechanism of Neuronal Cell Communication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1629. [PMID: 38338906 PMCID: PMC10855168 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication is essential for the appropriate development and maintenance of homeostatic conditions in the central nervous system. Extracellular vesicles have recently come to the forefront of neuroscience as novel vehicles for the transfer of complex signals between neuronal cells. Extracellular vesicles are membrane-bound carriers packed with proteins, metabolites, and nucleic acids (including DNA, mRNA, and microRNAs) that contain the elements present in the cell they originate from. Since their discovery, extracellular vesicles have been studied extensively and have opened up new understanding of cell-cell communication; they may cross the blood-brain barrier in a bidirectional way from the bloodstream to the brain parenchyma and vice versa, and play a key role in brain-periphery communication in physiology as well as pathology. Neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system release extracellular vesicles to the interstitial fluid of the brain and spinal cord parenchyma. Extracellular vesicles contain proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and primary and secondary metabolites. that can be taken up by and modulate the behaviour of neighbouring recipient cells. The functions of extracellular vesicles have been extensively studied in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyse the role extracellular vesicles extracellular vesicles in central nervous system cell communication, with particular emphasis on the contribution of extracellular vesicles from different central nervous system cell types in maintaining or altering central nervous system homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Tarek Benameur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ilaria Pizzolorusso
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Mental Health, ASL Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71121 Foggia, Italy;
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5
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Luarte A, Nardocci G, Chakraborty A, Batiz LF, Pino-Lagos K, Wyneken Ú. Astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in stress-associated mood disorders. Does the immune system get astrocytic? Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106833. [PMID: 37348692 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Life stressors can wreak havoc on our health, contributing to mood disorders like major depressive disorder (MDD), a widespread and debilitating condition. Unfortunately, current treatments and diagnostic strategies fall short of addressing these disorders, highlighting the need for new approaches. In this regard, the relationship between MDD, brain inflammation (neuroinflammation), and systemic inflammation in the body may offer novel insights. Recent research has uncovered the crucial role of astrocytes in coordinating the inflammatory response through the release of extracellular vesicles (ADEVs) during different neuroinflammatory conditions. While the contribution of ADEVs to stress and MDD remains largely unexplored, their potential to modulate immune cells and contribute to MDD pathogenesis is significant. In this article, we delve into the immunomodulatory role of ADEVs, their potential impact on peripheral immune cells, and how their microRNA (miRNA) landscape may hold the key to controlling immune cell activity. Together, these mechanisms may constitute an opportunity to develop novel therapeutic pharmacological approaches to tackle mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Luarte
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; Program in Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile.
| | - Gino Nardocci
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Program in Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Ankush Chakraborty
- Program in Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Luis Federico Batiz
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; Program in Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Karina Pino-Lagos
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; Program in Immunology, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Úrsula Wyneken
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; Program in Neuroscience, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago 7620001, Chile.
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6
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Li L, Li F, Bai X, Jia H, Wang C, Li P, Zhang Q, Guan S, Peng R, Zhang S, Dong JF, Zhang J, Xu X. Circulating extracellular vesicles from patients with traumatic brain injury induce cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106791. [PMID: 37156450 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key proponent of pathophysiological process of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We previously demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from injured brains led to endothelial barrier disruption and vascular leakage. However, the molecular mechanisms of this EV-induced endothelial dysfunction (endotheliopathy) remain unclear. Here, we enriched plasma EVs from TBI patients (TEVs), and detected high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) exposure to 50.33 ± 10.17% of TEVs and the number of HMGB1+TEVs correlated with injury severity. We then investigated for the first time the impact of TEVs on endothelial function using adoptive transfer models. We found that TEVs induced dysfunction of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and mediated endothelial dysfunction in both normal and TBI mice, which were propagated through the HMGB1-activated receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/Cathepsin B signaling, and the resultant NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and canonical caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD)-dependent pyroptosis. Finally, von Willebrand factor (VWF) was detected on the surface of 77.01 ± 7.51% of HMGB1+TEVs. The TEV-mediated endotheliopathy was reversed by a polyclonal VWF antibody, indicating that VWF might serve a coupling factor that tethered TEVs to ECs, thus facilitating HMGB1-induced endotheliopathy. These results suggest that circulating EVs isolated from patients with TBI alone are sufficient to induce endothelial dysfunction and contribute to secondary brain injury that are dependent on immunologically active HMGB1 exposed on their surface. This finding provided new insight for the development of potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanjian Li
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuesong Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai You'anmen Hospital, 199 You'anmen Outer Street, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Guan
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilong Peng
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-Fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute and Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute; Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, China.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, China.
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Li F, Liu Y, Li L, Peng R, Wang C, Liu C, Shi M, Cao Y, Gao Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Li T, Jia H, Li X, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Zhang J. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles mediate traumatic brain injury associated multi-organ damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 665:141-151. [PMID: 37163934 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can negatively impact systemic organs, which can lead to more death and disability. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of TBI on systemic organs remains unclear. In previous work, we found that brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) released from the injured brain can induce systemic coagulation with a widespread fibrin deposition in the microvasculature of the lungs, kidney, and heart in a mouse model of TBI. In this study, we investigated whether BDEVs can induce heart, lung, liver, and kidney injury in TBI mice. The results of pathological staining and related biomarkers indicated that BDEVs can induce histological damage and systematic dysfunction. In vivo imaging system demonstrated that BDEVs can gather in systemic organs. We also found that BDEVs could induce cell apoptosis in the lung, liver, heart, and kidney. Furthermore, we discovered that BDEVs could cause multi-organ endothelial cell damage. Finally, this secondary multi-organ damage could be relieved by removing circulating BDEVs. Our research provides a novel perspective and potential mechanism of TBI-associated multi-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Yalong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Hejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xilei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Tuo Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhang
- Graduate School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
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8
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Khan NA, Asim M, El-Menyar A, Biswas KH, Rizoli S, Al-Thani H. The evolving role of extracellular vesicles (exosomes) as biomarkers in traumatic brain injury: Clinical perspectives and therapeutic implications. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:933434. [PMID: 36275010 PMCID: PMC9584168 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.933434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing effective disease-modifying therapies for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) requires reliable diagnostic, disease activity, and progression indicators. While desirable, identifying biomarkers for NDs can be difficult because of the complex cytoarchitecture of the brain and the distinct cell subsets seen in different parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous, cell-derived, membrane-bound vesicles involved in the intercellular communication and transport of cell-specific cargos, such as proteins, Ribonucleic acid (RNA), and lipids. The types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies based on their size and origin of biogenesis. A growing body of evidence suggests that intercellular communication mediated through EVs is responsible for disseminating important proteins implicated in the progression of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and other NDs. Some studies showed that TBI is a risk factor for different NDs. In terms of therapeutic potential, EVs outperform the alternative synthetic drug delivery methods because they can transverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB) without inducing immunogenicity, impacting neuroinflammation, immunological responses, and prolonged bio-distribution. Furthermore, EV production varies across different cell types and represents intracellular processes. Moreover, proteomic markers, which can represent a variety of pathological processes, such as cellular damage or neuroinflammation, have been frequently studied in neurotrauma research. However, proteomic blood-based biomarkers have short half-lives as they are easily susceptible to degradation. EV-based biomarkers for TBI may represent the complex genetic and neurometabolic abnormalities that occur post-TBI. These biomarkers are not caught by proteomics, less susceptible to degradation and hence more reflective of these modifications (cellular damage and neuroinflammation). In the current narrative and comprehensive review, we sought to discuss the contemporary knowledge and better understanding the EV-based research in TBI, and thus its applications in modern medicine. These applications include the utilization of circulating EVs as biomarkers for diagnosis, developments of EV-based therapies, and managing their associated challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Clinical Research, Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Ayman El-Menyar
| | - Kabir H. Biswas
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sandro Rizoli
- Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Trauma Surgery Section, Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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9
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Vlachos N, Lampros MG, Lianos GD, Voulgaris S, Alexiou GA. Blood biomarkers for predicting coagulopathy occurrence in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Biomark Med 2022; 16:935-945. [PMID: 35833883 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The occurrence of coagulopathy in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is related to severe complications. The authors performed the first systematic review to investigate whether biomarkers can predict the occurrence of hypocoagulopathy or progressive hemorrhagic injury in patients with TBI. Methods: The authors included studies that performed a receiver operating characteristics analysis for the biomarker and provided a clear value along with the respective sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, they attempted to classify each biomarker, taking into account its physiological role. Results: Twelve studies were included. All biomarkers were protein molecules, except in one study that examined the prognostic role of glucose. Copeptin had the highest sensitivity, and S100A12 had the highest specificity in predicting coagulopathy, while IL-33 had the highest sensitivity and GALECTIN-3 had the highest specificity in predicting progressive hemorrhagic injury. Conclusion: The study of the role of biomarkers in predicting the occurrence of coagulopathy in patients with TBI remains in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Vlachos
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45500, Greece
| | - Marios G Lampros
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45500, Greece
| | - Georgios D Lianos
- Department of Surgery, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45500, Greece
| | - Spyridon Voulgaris
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45500, Greece
| | - George A Alexiou
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45500, Greece
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10
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Weber B, Franz N, Marzi I, Henrich D, Leppik L. Extracellular vesicles as mediators and markers of acute organ injury: current concepts. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:1525-1544. [PMID: 33533957 PMCID: PMC7856451 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the continued high incidence and mortality rate worldwide, there is a need to develop new strategies for the quick, precise, and valuable recognition of presenting injury pattern in traumatized and poly-traumatized patients. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to facilitate intercellular communication processes between cells in close proximity as well as distant cells in healthy and disease organisms. miRNAs and proteins transferred by EVs play biological roles in maintaining normal organ structure and function under physiological conditions. In pathological conditions, EVs change the miRNAs and protein cargo composition, mediating or suppressing the injury consequences. Therefore, incorporating EVs with their unique protein and miRNAs signature into the list of promising new biomarkers is a logical next step. In this review, we discuss the general characteristics and technical aspects of EVs isolation and characterization. We discuss results of recent in vitro, in vivo, and patients study describing the role of EVs in different inflammatory diseases and traumatic organ injuries. miRNAs and protein signature of EVs found in patients with acute organ injury are also debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Weber
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Niklas Franz
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dirk Henrich
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Liudmila Leppik
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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11
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Abstract
Research into TBI biomarkers has accelerated rapidly in the past decade owing to the heterogeneous nature of TBI pathologies and management, which pose challenges to TBI evaluation, management, and prognosis. TBI biomarker proteins resulting from axonal, neuronal, or glial cell injuries are widely used and have been extensively studied. However, they might not pass the blood-brain barrier with sufficient amounts to be detected in peripheral blood specimens, and further might not be detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid owing to flow limitations triggered by the injury itself. Despite the advances in TBI research, there is an unmet clinical need to develop and identify novel TBI biomarkers that entirely correlate with TBI pathologies on the molecular level, including mild TBI, and further enable physicians to predict patient outcomes and allow researchers to test neuroprotective agents to limit the extents of injury. Although the extracellular vesicles have been identified and studied long ago, they have recently been revisited and repurposed as potential TBI biomarkers that overcome the many limitations of the traditional blood and CSF assays. Animal and human experiments demonstrated the accuracy of several types of exosomes and miRNAs in detecting mild, moderate, and severe TBI. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the traditional TBI biomarkers that are helpful in clinical practice. Also, we highlight the emerging roles of exosomes and miRNA being the promising candidates under investigation of current research.
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12
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Clarke-Bland CE, Bill RM, Devitt A. Emerging roles for AQP in mammalian extracellular vesicles. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183826. [PMID: 34843700 PMCID: PMC8755917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent research in the aquaporin (AQP) field has identified a role for diverse AQPs in extracellular vesicles (EV). Though still in its infancy, there is a growing body of knowledge in the area; AQPs in EV have been suggested as biomarkers for disease, as drug targets and show potential as therapeutics. To advance further in this field, AQPs in EV must be better understood. Here we summarize current knowledge of the presence and function of AQPs in EV and hypothesise their roles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roslyn M Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Andrew Devitt
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
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13
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Vaughn MN, Winston CN, Levin N, Rissman RA, Risbrough VB. Developing Biomarkers of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Promise and Progress of CNS-Derived Exosomes. Front Neurol 2022; 12:698206. [PMID: 35222223 PMCID: PMC8866179 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.698206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI) are common injuries across civilian and military populations. Although most individuals recover after mTBI, some individuals continue to show long-term symptoms as well as increased risk for neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Currently, diagnosing TBI severity relies primarily on self-report and subjective symptoms, with limited tools for diagnosis or prognosis. Brain-derived exosomes, a form of extracellular vesicle, may offer a solution for interpreting injury states by aiding in diagnosis as well as outcome prediction with relatively low patient burden. Exosomes, which are released into circulation, contain both protein and RNA cargo that can be isolated and quantified, providing a molecular window into molecular status of the exosome source. Here we examined the current literature studying the utility of exosomes, in particular neuronal- and astrocyte-derived exosomes, to identify protein and miRNA biomarkers of injury severity, trajectory, and functional outcome. Current evidence supports the potential for these emerging new tools to capture an accessible molecular window into the brain as it responds to a traumatic injury, however a number of limitations must be addressed in future studies. Most current studies are relatively small and cross sectional; prospective, longitudinal studies across injury severity, and populations are needed to track exosome cargo changes after injury. Standardized exosome isolation as well as advancement in identifying/isolating exosomes from CNS-specific tissue sources will improve mechanistic understanding of cargo changes as well as reliability of findings. Exosomes are also just beginning to be used in model systems to understand functional effects of TBI-associated cargo such as toxicity. Finally linking exosome cargo changes to objective markers of neuronal pathology and cognitive changes will be critical in validating these tools to provide insights into injury and recovery states after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melonie N. Vaughn
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Charisse N. Winston
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Natalie Levin
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Robert A. Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Health System, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Victoria B. Risbrough
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Health System, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- VA Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, CA, United States
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14
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Dadgostar E, Rahimi S, Nikmanzar S, Nazemi S, Naderi Taheri M, Alibolandi Z, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR. Aquaporin 4 in Traumatic Brain Injury: From Molecular Pathways to Therapeutic Target. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:860-871. [PMID: 35088218 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03512-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known as an acute degenerative pathology of the central nervous system, and has been shown to increase brain aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression. Various molecular mechanisms affect AQP4 expression, including neuronal high mobility group box 1, forkhead box O3a, vascular endothelial growth factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1 α) sirtuin 2, NF-κB, Malat1, nerve growth factor and Angiotensin II receptor type 1. In addition, inhibition of AQP4 with FK-506, MK-801 (indirectly by targeting N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor), inactivation of adenosine A2A receptor, levetiracetam, adjudin, progesterone, estrogen, V1aR inhibitor, hypertonic saline, erythropoietin, poloxamer 188, brilliant blue G, HIF-1alpha inhibitor, normobaric oxygen therapy, astaxanthin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, sesamin, thaliporphine, magnesium, prebiotic fiber, resveratrol and omega-3, as well as AQP4 gene silencing lead to reduced edema upon TBI. This review summarizes current knowledge and evidence on the relationship between AQP4 and TBI, and the potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Dadgostar
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shiva Rahimi
- School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Shahin Nikmanzar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Nazemi
- Tracheal Disease Research Center (TDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Naderi Taheri
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Alibolandi
- Anatomical Science Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Kluge A, Bunk J, Schaeffer E, Drobny A, Xiang W, Knacke H, Bub S, Lückstädt W, Arnold P, Lucius R, Berg D, Zunke F. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain 2022; 145:3058-3071. [PMID: 35722765 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, no reliable clinically applicable biomarker has been established for Parkinson's disease. Our results indicate that a long anticipated blood test for Parkinson's disease may be realized. Following the isolation of neuron-derived extracellular vesicles of Parkinson's disease patients and non-Parkinson's disease individuals, immunoblot analyses were performed to detect extracellular vesicle-derived α-synuclein. Pathological α-synuclein forms derived from neuronal extracellular vesicles could be detected under native conditions and were significantly increased in all individuals with Parkinson's disease and clearly distinguished disease from the non-disease state. By performing an α-synuclein seeding assay these soluble conformers could be amplified and seeding of pathological protein folding was demonstrated. Amplified α-synuclein conformers exhibited β-sheet-rich structures and a fibrillary appearance. Our study demonstrates that the detection of pathological α-synuclein conformers from neuron-derived extracellular vesicles from blood plasma samples has the potential to evolve into a blood-biomarker of Parkinson's disease that is still lacking so far. Moreover, the distribution of seeding-competent α-synuclein within blood exosomes sheds a new light of pathological disease mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kluge
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Josina Bunk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eva Schaeffer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alice Drobny
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Henrike Knacke
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Simon Bub
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Lückstädt
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralph Lucius
- Institute of Anatomy, Christian-Albrecht-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Friederike Zunke
- Department of Molecular Neurology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Guedes VA, Mithani S, Williams C, Sass D, Smith EG, Vorn R, Wagner C, Lai C, Gill J, Hinson HE. Extracellular Vesicle Levels of Nervous System Injury Biomarkers in Critically Ill Trauma Patients with and without Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2022; 3:545-553. [PMID: 36636744 PMCID: PMC9811954 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2022.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes injury patterns with heterogeneous pathology producing varying outcomes for recovery. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles containing a myriad of molecules involved in cell signaling. EVs may hold promise as biomarkers in TBI because of their encapsulation, including improved stability/decreased degradation. A subset of subjects with and without TBI from a prospective, observational trial of critically ill trauma patients were analyzed. Total EV levels of glial (glial fibrillary acidic protein; GFAP) and neuronal/axonal (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 [UCH-L1], neurofilament light chain [NfL], and total-tau) proteins were measured using single-molecule array technology. Protein levels were winsorized to address outliers and log transformed for analysis. Patients with multiple injuries (n = 41) and isolated body injury (n = 73) were of similar age and sex. Patients with multiple injuries were, as expected, more severely injured with higher Injury Severity Scores (29 [26-41] vs. 21 [14-26], p < 0.001) and lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores (12 [4-13] vs. 13 [13-13], p < 0.001). Total body EVs of GFAP, UCH-L1, and NfL were higher in those with multiple injuries (1768 [932-4780] vs. 239 [63-589], p < 0.001; 75.4 [47.8-158.3] vs. 41.5 [21.5-67.1], p = 0.03; 7.5 [3.3-12.3] vs. 2.9 [2.1-4.8], p < 0.001, respectively). There was a moderate correlation between the Head Abbreviated Injury Score and GFAP (free circulating rho = 0.62, EV rho = 0.64; both p < 0.001). Brain-derived proteins contained in EV holds promise as an informative approach to biomarker measurement after TBI in hospitalized patients. Future evaluation and longitudinal studies are necessary to draw conclusions regarding the clinical utility of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian A Guedes
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Mithani
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Cydni Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Dilorom Sass
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ethan G Smith
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rany Vorn
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chelsea Wagner
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen Lai
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Holly E Hinson
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Lin H, Chen H, Qi B, Jiang Y, Lian N, Zhuang X, Yu Y. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles mediated coagulopathy, inflammation and apoptosis after sepsis. Thromb Res 2021; 207:85-95. [PMID: 34583153 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The activation of coagulation, inflammation and other pathways is the basic response of the host to infection in sepsis, but this response also causes damage to the host. Brain-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) have been reported to cause a hypercoagulable state that can rapidly develop into consumptive coagulopathy, which is consistent with the pathophysiological process of sepsis-induced coagulopathy. However, the role of BDEVs in sepsis-induced coagulopathy remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for sepsis modeling using cecal ligation puncture (CLP). Flow cytometry was used to measure the levels of circulating BDEVs. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), thrombin-antithrombin (TAT), D-dimer, fibrinogen(Fib), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to identify BDEVs. Western blot (WB) was used to determine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), bax, bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were performed to detect tissue injury. Survival was monitored over the course of 168 h. RESULTS We found that a large number of BDEVs were released into the circulating blood in septic rats. Moreover, we observed that BDEVs injection activated the systemic coagulation reaction and induced lung, liver and kidney inflammation and apoptosis(P < .05). Compared with BDEVs from sham-operated rats, BDEVs from septic rats exacerbated this process(P < .05). CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that inhibiting BDEVs may yield therapeutic benefits in the treatment of sepsis-induced coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Lin
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hongguang Chen
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Naqi Lian
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yonghao Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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18
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Mozaffari K, Dejam D, Duong C, Ding K, French A, Ng E, Preet K, Franks A, Kwan I, Phillips HW, Kim DY, Yang I. Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury. Cureus 2021; 13:e17056. [PMID: 34522534 PMCID: PMC8428323 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is responsible for the majority of trauma-related deaths and is a leading cause of disability. It is characterized by an inflammatory process involved in the progression of secondary brain injury. TBI is measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) with scores ranging from 15-3, demonstrating mild to severe brain injury. Apart from this clinical assessment of TBI, compendiums of literature have been published on TBI-related serum markers.Herein we create a comprehensive appraisal of the most prominent serum biomarkers used in the assessment and care of TBI.The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were queried with the terms “biomarker” and “traumatic brain injury” as search terms with only full-text, English articles within the past 10 years selected. Non-human studies were excluded, and only adult patients fell within the purview of this analysis. A total of 528 articles were analyzed in the initial search with 289 selected for screening. A further 152 were excluded for primary screening. Of the remaining 137, 54 were included in the final analysis. Serum biomarkers were listed into the following broad categories for ease of discussion: immune markers and markers of inflammation, hormones as biomarkers, coagulation and vasculature, genetic polymorphisms, antioxidants and oxidative stress, apoptosis and degradation pathways, and protein markers. Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), S100, and neurons specific enolase (NSE) were the most prominent and frequently cited markers. Amongst these three, no single serum biomarker demonstrated neither superior sensitivity nor specificity compared to the other two, therefore noninvasive panels should incorporate these three serum biomarkers to retain sensitivity and maximize specificity for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Mozaffari
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dillon Dejam
- Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Courtney Duong
- Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kevin Ding
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alexis French
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Edwin Ng
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Komal Preet
- Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alyssa Franks
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Isabelle Kwan
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - H Westley Phillips
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dennis Y Kim
- Biomedical Sciences, Harbor University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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19
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Wallensten J, Mobarrez F, Åsberg M, Borg K, Beser A, Wilczek A, Nager A. Isoforms of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor in stress-related mental disorders: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16693. [PMID: 34404878 PMCID: PMC8370974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of stress-related mental disorders. However, VEGF levels have seldom been compared across mental disorders and never by isoforms. Pathophysiological processes involving leakage of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) across the blood–brain barrier could be associated with VEGF levels in patients with stress-related mental disorders. This cross-sectional study compared plasma levels of VEGF121, VEGF165, and VEGF121 + VEGF165 (VEGFtotal) in patients with stress-induced exhaustion disorder (SED) (n = 31), patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n = 31), and healthy controls (n = 61). It also analyzed the correlation between VEGF and astrocyte-derived EVs in plasma. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure VEGF121 and VEGF165 in citrate plasma, and flow cytometry was used to measure astrocyte-derived EVs in plasma. The mean concentration of soluble VEGF121 (sVEGF121) was significantly higher in patients with SED than healthy controls (P = 0.043). Mean sVEGF165 was significantly lower in patients with MDD than patients with SED (P = 0.004) or healthy controls (P = 0.037). Mean sVEGFtotal was significantly higher in patients with SED than in patients with MDD (P = 0.021) and also higher in patients with SED than healthy controls (P = 0.040). Levels of sVEGF121 were positively correlated with levels of astrocyte-derived EVs only in patients with SED (P = 0.0128). The same was true of levels of sVEGFtotal and astrocyte-derived EVs (P = 0.0046). Differing levels of VEGF isoforms may reflect different pathophysiological mechanisms in SED and MDD. Further research is needed to better understand the potential roles of VEGF isoforms and astrocyte-derived EVs in mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Wallensten
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 1E, Box 45436, 104 31, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Åsberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Borg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aniella Beser
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Wilczek
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd University Hospital, 18288, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nager
- Division of Family Medicine and Primary Health Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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González-Molina LA, Villar-Vesga J, Henao-Restrepo J, Villegas A, Lopera F, Cardona-Gómez GP, Posada-Duque R. Extracellular Vesicles From 3xTg-AD Mouse and Alzheimer's Disease Patient Astrocytes Impair Neuroglial and Vascular Components. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:593927. [PMID: 33679370 PMCID: PMC7933224 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.593927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are specialized glial cells that are essential components of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and are involved in neurodevelopment, brain maintenance and repair, and neurodegeneration. Astrocytes mediate these processes by releasing cellular mediators such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are vehicles of cell-cell communication and have been proposed as mediators of damage in AD. However, the transcellular mechanism by which Alzheimer disease (AD) astrocytes impair the function of NVU components is poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of adult PS1-KI and 3xTg-AD astrocyte conditioned media (CM) and EVs on NVU components (neuroglia and endothelium) in vitro. Additionally, SAD and FAD astrocyte-derived EVs (A-EVs) were characterized, and we evaluated their effects on NVU in cocultured cells in vitro and on intrahippocampal CA1 cells in vivo. Surprisingly, cultured 3xTg-AD astrocytes showed increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) reactivity compared to PS1-KI astrocytes, which denotes astrocytic hyperreactivity. CM from adult mice 3xTg-AD astrocytes increased cell-cell gaps between endothelial cells, filopodia-like dendritic protrusions in neurons and neuronal and endothelial cell death. 3xTg-AD A-EVs induced neurotoxicity and increased astrocyte GFAP reactivity. Cultured human postmortem astrocytes from AD patients also increased GFAP reactivity and EVs release. No differences in the size or number of A-EVs were detected between AD and control samples; however, both SAD and FAD A-EVs showed increased expression of the surface marker aquaporin 4. A-EVs induced cytotoxicity and astrocyte hyperactivation: specifically, FAD A-EVs induced neuroglial cytotoxicity and increased gaps between the endothelium, while SAD A-EVs mainly altered the endothelium. Similarly, both AD A-EVs increased astrocyte GS reactivity and vascular deterioration in vivo. We associated this finding with perivascular reactive astrocytes and vascular deterioration in the human AD brain. In summary, these results suggest that AD A-EVs impair neuroglial and vascular components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alfonso González-Molina
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan Villar-Vesga
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Julián Henao-Restrepo
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Andrés Villegas
- Neurobank, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Neurobank, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, SIU, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gloria Patricia Cardona-Gómez
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Rafael Posada-Duque
- Área de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
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21
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Leakage of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in stress-induced exhaustion disorder: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2009. [PMID: 33479350 PMCID: PMC7820323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with stress-induced exhaustion disorder (SED) demonstrate cognitive dysfunction similar to patients with minor traumatic brain injury (TBI). We have previously detected elevated concentrations of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients with TBI. As such, we hypothesized that astrocyte-derived EVs could be higher in patients with SED than in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls. Patients with SED (n = 31), MDD (n = 31), and healthy matched controls (n = 61) were included. Astrocyte-derived EVs (previously known as microparticles) were measured in plasma with flow cytometry and labeled against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4). In addition, platelet EVs and their CD40 ligand expression were measured. Patients with SED had significantly higher concentrations of AQP4 and GFAP-positive EVs and EVs co-expressing AQP4/GFAP than patients with MDD and healthy controls. Patients with MDD had significantly higher concentrations of GFAP-positive EVs and EVs co-expressing AQP4/GFAP than healthy controls. Platelet EVs did not differ between groups. CD40 ligand expression was significantly higher in patients with SED and MDD than in controls. In conclusion, the present study suggests that patients with SED, and to some extent, patients with MDD, have increased leakage of astrocyte-derived EVs through the blood–brain barrier.
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22
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Villar-Vesga J, Henao-Restrepo J, Voshart DC, Aguillon D, Villegas A, Castaño D, Arias-Londoño JD, Zuhorn IS, Ribovski L, Barazzuol L, Cardona-Gómez GP, Posada-Duque R. Differential Profile of Systemic Extracellular Vesicles From Sporadic and Familial Alzheimer's Disease Leads to Neuroglial and Endothelial Cell Degeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:587989. [PMID: 33281599 PMCID: PMC7705379 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.587989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as mediators and biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases. Two distinct forms of Alzheimer disease (AD) are known: a late-onset sporadic form (SAD) and an early-onset familial form (FAD). Recently, neurovascular dysfunction and altered systemic immunological components have been linked to AD neurodegeneration. Therefore, we characterized systemic-EVs from postmortem SAD and FAD patients and evaluated their effects on neuroglial and endothelial cells. We found increase CLN-5 spots with vesicular morphology in the abluminal portion of vessels from SAD patients. Both forms of AD were associated with larger and more numerous systemic EVs. Specifically, SAD patients showed an increase in endothelial- and leukocyte-derived EVs containing mitochondria; in contrast, FAD patients showed an increase in platelet-derived EVs. We detected a differential protein composition for SAD- and FAD-EVs associated with the coagulation cascade, inflammation, and lipid-carbohydrate metabolism. Using mono- and cocultures (endothelium-astrocytes-neurons) and human cortical organoids, we showed that AD-EVs induced cytotoxicity. Both forms of AD featured decreased neuronal branches area and astrocytic hyperreactivity, but SAD-EVs led to greater endothelial detrimental effects than FAD-EVs. In addition, FAD- and SAD-EVs affected calcium dynamics in a cortical organoid model. Our findings indicate that the phenotype of systemic AD-EVs is differentially defined by the etiopathology of the disease (SAD or FAD), which results in a differential alteration of the NVU cells implied in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Villar-Vesga
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julián Henao-Restrepo
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Daniëlle C Voshart
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - David Aguillon
- Neurobank, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrés Villegas
- Neurobank, Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Diana Castaño
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Inge S Zuhorn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laís Ribovski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Lara Barazzuol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Section of Molecular Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gloria P Cardona-Gómez
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Rafael Posada-Duque
- Neuroscience Group of Antioquia, Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Area, Faculty of Medicine, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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23
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Mondello S, Thelin EP, Shaw G, Salzet M, Visalli C, Cizkova D, Kobeissy F, Buki A. Extracellular vesicles: pathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic value in traumatic brain injury. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:451-461. [PMID: 29671356 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1464914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Accurate classification according to injury-specific and patient-specific characteristics is critical to help informed clinical decision-making and to the pursuit of precision medicine in TBI. Reliable biomarker signatures for improved TBI diagnostics are required but still an unmet need. Areas covered: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a new class of biomarker candidates in TBI. These nano-sized vesicles have key roles in cell signaling profoundly impacting pathogenic pathways, progression and long-term sequelae of TBI. As such EVs might provide novel neurobiological insights, enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TBI pathophysiology and recovery, and serve as biomarker signatures and therapeutic targets and delivery systems. Expert commentary: EVs are fast gaining momentum in TBI research, paving the way for new transformative diagnostic and treatment approaches. Their potential to sort out TBI variability and active involvement in the mechanisms underpinning different clinical phenotypes point out unique opportunities for improved classification, risk-stratification ad intervention, harboring promise of predictive, personalized, and even preemptive therapeutic strategies. Although a great deal of progress has been made, substantial efforts are still required to ensure the needed rigorous validation and reproducibility for clinical implementation of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mondello
- a Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS , Troina , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Eric P Thelin
- c Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery , University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Shaw
- e EnCor Biotechnology Inc ., Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Michel Salzet
- f Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Carmela Visalli
- b Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- g Neuroimmunology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- h Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,i Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Andras Buki
- j Department of Neurosurgery , Pecs University , Pecs , Hungary
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24
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Kawata K, Mitsuhashi M, Aldret R. A Preliminary Report on Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicle as Novel Blood Biomarkers for Sport-Related Concussions. Front Neurol 2018; 9:239. [PMID: 29706930 PMCID: PMC5906531 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to test the utility of unique panel of blood biomarkers as a means to reflect one’s recovery process after sport-related neurotrauma. We established a panel of biomarkers that reacted positive with CD81 (extracellular vesicle marker) and various neuron- and glia-specific antigens [e.g., neurofilament light polypeptide (NF-L), tau, synaptosome-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein]. We first evaluated test–retest reliabilities of brain-derived exosome markers, followed by an application of these markers in eight professional ice hockey players to detect cumulative neuronal burden from a single ice hockey season. During the season, two players were diagnosed with concussions by team physician based on an exhibition of symptoms as well as abnormality in balance and ocular motor testing. One player reached symptom-free status 7 days after the concussion, while the other player required 36 days for symptoms to completely resolve. Blood samples and clinical assessments including balance error scoring system and near point of convergence throughout recovery process were obtained. Biomarkers indicative of axonal damage, neuronal inflammation, and glial activation showed excellent test–retest reliabilities (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.713–0.998, p’s < 0.01). There was a statistically significant increase in the NF-L marker at post-season follow-up compared to pre-season baseline (Z = −2.100, P = 0.036); however the statistical significance did not withstand Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. In concussion cases, neuronal and microglia markers notably increased after concussions, with the unique expression patterns being similar to that of concussion recovery process. These longitudinal data coupled with excellent test–retest reliabilities of novel array of blood biomarkers potentially reflect the damage in neural cell structures and metabolic crisis due to concussion. However, future studies with larger sample size and appropriate control groups to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of these markers are needed. This preliminary case report suggests the potential utility of multimodal blood biomarkers for concussion prognosis and recovery assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kawata
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | | | - Randy Aldret
- School of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, United States
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25
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Removal of destructive brain-borne microdust. Blood 2018; 131:477-478. [PMID: 29437607 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-819003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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26
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Wang KK, Yang Z, Zhu T, Shi Y, Rubenstein R, Tyndall JA, Manley GT. An update on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for traumatic brain injury. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2018; 18:165-180. [PMID: 29338452 PMCID: PMC6359936 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2018.1428089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major worldwide neurological disorder of epidemic proportions. To date, there are still no FDA-approved therapies to treat any forms of TBI. Encouragingly, there are emerging data showing that biofluid-based TBI biomarker tests have the potential to diagnose the presence of TBI of different severities including concussion, and to predict outcome. Areas covered: The authors provide an update on the current knowledge of TBI biomarkers, including protein biomarkers for neuronal cell body injury (UCH-L1, NSE), astroglial injury (GFAP, S100B), neuronal cell death (αII-spectrin breakdown products), axonal injury (NF proteins), white matter injury (MBP), post-injury neurodegeneration (total Tau and phospho-Tau), post-injury autoimmune response (brain antigen-targeting autoantibodies), and other emerging non-protein biomarkers. The authors discuss biomarker evidence in TBI diagnosis, outcome prognosis and possible identification of post-TBI neurodegernative diseases (e.g. chronic traumatic encephalopathy and Alzheimer's disease), and as theranostic tools in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Expert commentary: A spectrum of biomarkers is now at or near the stage of formal clinical validation of their diagnostic and prognostic utilities in the management of TBI of varied severities including concussions. TBI biomarkers could serve as a theranostic tool in facilitating drug development and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Wang
- a Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Zhihui Yang
- a Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Tian Zhu
- a Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Yuan Shi
- b Department Of Pediatrics, Daping Hospital, Chongqing , Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Richard Rubenstein
- c Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases and CNS Biomarker Discovery, Departments of Neurology and Physiology/Pharmacology , SUNY Downstate Medical Center , Brooklyn , NY , USA
| | - J Adrian Tyndall
- d Department of Emergency Medicine , University of Florida , Gainesville , Florida , USA
| | - Geoff T Manley
- e Brain and Spinal Injury Center , San Francisco General Hospital , San Francisco , CA , USA
- f Department of Neurological Surgery , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA
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