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Taheri-Araghi S. Synergistic action of antimicrobial peptides and antibiotics: current understanding and future directions. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1390765. [PMID: 39144233 PMCID: PMC11322369 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1390765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing global problem that requires innovative therapeutic approaches and strategies for administering antibiotics. One promising approach is combination therapy, in which two or more drugs are combined to combat an infection. Along this line, the combination of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with conventional antibiotics has gained attention mainly due to the complementary mechanisms of action of AMPs and conventional antibiotics. In this article, we review both in vitro and in vivo studies that explore the synergy between AMPs and antibiotics. We highlight several mechanisms through which synergy is observed in in vitro experiments, including increasing membrane permeability, disrupting biofilms, directly potentiating antibiotic efficacy, and inhibiting resistance development. Moreover, in vivo studies reveal additional mechanisms such as enhanced/modulated immune responses, reduced inflammation, and improved tissue regeneration. Together, the current literature demonstrates that AMP-antibiotic combinations can substantially enhance efficacy of antibiotic therapies, including therapies against resistant bacteria, which represents a valuable enhancement to current antimicrobial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Taheri-Araghi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, California State University, Northridge, CA, United States
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2
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Loffredo M, Casciaro B, Bellavita R, Troiano C, Brancaccio D, Cappiello F, Merlino F, Galdiero S, Fabrizi G, Grieco P, Stella L, Carotenuto A, Mangoni ML. Strategic Single-Residue Substitution in the Antimicrobial Peptide Esc(1-21) Confers Activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Including Drug-Resistant and Biofilm Phenotype. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2403-2418. [PMID: 38848266 PMCID: PMC11250030 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium resistant to multiple drugs, is a significant cause of illness and death worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide an excellent potential strategy to cope with this threat. Recently, we characterized a derivative of the frog-skin AMP esculentin-1a, Esc(1-21) (1) that is endowed with potent activity against Gram-negative bacteria but poor efficacy against Gram-positive strains. In this study, three analogues of peptide 1 were designed by replacing Gly8 with α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), Pro, and dPro (2-4, respectively). The single substitution Gly8 → Aib8 in peptide 2 makes it active against the planktonic form of Gram-positive bacterial strains, especially Staphylococcus aureus, including multidrug-resistant clinical isolates, with an improved biostability without resulting in cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Moreover, peptide 2 showed a higher antibiofilm activity than peptide 1 against both reference and clinical isolates of S. aureus. Peptide 2 was also able to induce rapid bacterial killing, suggesting a membrane-perturbing mechanism of action. Structural analysis of the most active peptide 2 evidenced that the improved biological activity of peptide 2 is the consequence of a combination of higher biostability, higher α helical content, and ability to reduce membrane fluidity and to adopt a distorted helix, bent in correspondence of Aib8. Overall, this study has shown how a strategic single amino acid substitution is sufficient to enlarge the spectrum of activity of the original peptide 1, and improve its biological properties for therapeutic purposes, thus paving the way to optimize AMPs for the development of new broad-spectrum anti-infective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Rosa Loffredo
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur
Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza
University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Casciaro
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur
Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza
University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Bellavita
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Cassandra Troiano
- Department
of Chemical Science and Technologies, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Floriana Cappiello
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur
Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza
University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Merlino
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Fabrizi
- Department
of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, “Department of Excellence
2018−2022”, Sapienza University
of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department
of Chemical Science and Technologies, University
of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico
II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Department
of Biochemical Sciences, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur
Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza
University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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3
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Bepler T, Barrera MD, Rooney MT, Xiong Y, Kuang H, Goodell E, Goodwin MJ, Harbron E, Fu R, Mihailescu M, Narayanan A, Cotten ML. Antiviral activity of the host defense peptide piscidin 1: investigating a membrane-mediated mode of action. Front Chem 2024; 12:1379192. [PMID: 38988727 PMCID: PMC11233706 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1379192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of viral diseases are on the rise, fueling the search for antiviral therapeutics that act on a broad range of viruses while remaining safe to human host cells. In this research, we leverage the finding that the plasma membranes of host cells and the lipid bilayers surrounding enveloped viruses differ in lipid composition. We feature Piscidin 1 (P1), a cationic host defense peptide (HDP) that has antimicrobial effects and membrane activity associated with its N-terminal region where a cluster of aromatic residues and copper-binding motif reside. While few HDPs have demonstrated antiviral activity, P1 acts in the micromolar range against several enveloped viruses that vary in envelope lipid composition. Notably, it inhibits HIV-1, a virus that has an envelope enriched in cholesterol, a lipid associated with higher membrane order and stability. Here, we first document through plaque assays that P1 boasts strong activity against SARS-CoV-2, which has an envelope low in cholesterol. Second, we extend previous studies done with homogeneous bilayers and devise cholesterol-containing zwitterionic membranes that contain the liquid disordered (Ld; low in cholesterol) and ordered (Lo, rich in cholesterol) phases. Using dye leakage assays and cryo-electron microscopy on vesicles, we show that P1 has dramatic permeabilizing capability on the Lo/Ld, an effect matched by a strong ability to aggregate, fuse, and thin the membranes. Differential scanning calorimetry and NMR experiments demonstrate that P1 mixes the lipid content of vesicles and alters the stability of the Lo. Structural studies by NMR indicate that P1 interacts with the Lo/Ld by folding into an α-helix that lies parallel to the membrane surface. Altogether, these results show that P1 is more disruptive to phase-separated than homogenous cholesterol-containing bilayers, suggesting an ability to target domain boundaries. Overall, this multi-faceted research highlights how a peptide that interacts strongly with membranes through an aromatic-rich N-terminal motif disrupt viral envelope mimics. This represents an important step towards the development of novel peptides with broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Bepler
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael D. Barrera
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Mary T. Rooney
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Yawei Xiong
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Huihui Kuang
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Evan Goodell
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Matthew J. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Harbron
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Mihaela Mihailescu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Myriam L. Cotten
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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Alves PM, Barrias CC, Gomes P, Martins MCL. How can biomaterial-conjugated antimicrobial peptides fight bacteria and be protected from degradation? Acta Biomater 2024; 181:98-116. [PMID: 38697382 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious threat to public health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are a powerful alternative to antibiotics due to their low propensity to induce bacterial resistance. However, cytotoxicity and short half-lives have limited their clinical translation. To overcome these problems, AMP conjugation has gained relevance in the biomaterials field. Nevertheless, few studies describe the influence of conjugation on enzymatic protection, mechanism of action and antimicrobial efficacy. This review addresses this gap by providing a detailed comparison between conjugated and soluble AMP. Additionally, commonly employed chemical reactions and factors to consider when promoting AMP conjugation are reviewed. The overall results suggested that AMP conjugated onto biomaterials are specifically protected from degradation by trypsin and/or pepsin. However, sometimes, their antimicrobial efficacy was reduced. Due to limited conformational freedom in conjugated AMP, compared to their soluble forms, they appear to act initially by creating small protuberances on bacterial membranes that may lead to the alteration of membrane potential and/or formation of holes, triggering cell death. Overall, AMP conjugation onto biomaterials is a promising strategy to fight infection, particularly associated to the use of medical devices. Nonetheless, some details need to be addressed before conjugated AMP reach clinical practice. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Covalent conjugation of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) has been one of the most widely used strategies by bioengineers, in an attempt to not only protect AMP from proteolytic degradation, but also to prolong their residence time at the target tissue. However, an explanation for the mode of action of conjugated AMP is still lacking. This review extensively gathers works on AMP conjugation and puts forward a mechanism of action for AMP when conjugated onto biomaterials. The implications of AMP conjugation on antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and resistance to proteases are all discussed. A thorough review of commonly employed chemical reactions for this conjugation is also provided. Finally, details that need to be addressed for conjugated AMP to reach clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Alves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina C Barrias
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Cristina L Martins
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Li X, Wang M, Feng K, Sun H, Tang F. The Function of Termicin from Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) in the Defense against Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb) Infection. INSECTS 2024; 15:360. [PMID: 38786916 PMCID: PMC11122213 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) is a subterranean termite species known for causing severe damage to trees and structures such as dams. During the synergistic evolution of O. formosanus with pathogenic bacteria, the termite has developed a robust innate immunity. Termicin is a crucial antimicrobial peptide in termites, significantly contributing to the defense against external infections. Building upon the successful construction and expression of the dsRNA-HT115 engineering strains of dsOftermicin1 and dsOftermicin2 in our laboratory, this work employs the ultrasonic breaking method to establish an inactivated dsOftermicins-HT115 technological system capable of producing a substantial quantity of dsRNA. This approach also addresses the limitation of transgenic strains which cannot be directly applied. Treatment of O. formosanus with dsOftermicins produced by this method could enhance the virulence of both Bt and Bb to the termites. This study laid the theoretical groundwork for the development of novel termite immunosuppressants and for the advancement and application of termite biological control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.L.); (M.W.); (K.F.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.L.); (M.W.); (K.F.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.L.); (M.W.); (K.F.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Jiangsu Province Rural Water Conservancy Science and Technology Development Center, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Fang Tang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (X.L.); (M.W.); (K.F.)
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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6
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Kim HJ, Kim YH. Exploring Acne Treatments: From Pathophysiological Mechanisms to Emerging Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5302. [PMID: 38791344 PMCID: PMC11121268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common dermatological condition that can present across different ages but predominantly affects adolescents and young adults. Characterized by various lesion types, the pathogenesis of acne is complex, involving genetic, hormonal, microbial, and inflammatory factors. This review comprehensively addresses current and emerging acne management strategies, emphasizing both topical and systemic treatments, procedural therapies, and dietary modifications. Key topical agents include retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, and other specialized compounds. Systemic options like antibiotics, hormonal therapies, and retinoids offer significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for moderate to severe cases. Procedural treatments such as laser devices, photodynamic therapy, chemical peels, and intralesional injections present viable alternatives for reducing acne symptoms and scarring. Emerging therapies focus on novel biologics, bacteriophages, probiotics, and peptides, providing promising future options. This review underscores the importance of personalized approaches to treatment due to the multifaceted nature of acne, highlighting the potential of innovative therapies for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jee Kim
- Department of Dermatology, International St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yeong Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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7
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Guo XY, Yi L, Yang J, An HW, Yang ZX, Wang H. Self-assembly of peptide nanomaterials at biointerfaces: molecular design and biomedical applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2009-2021. [PMID: 38275083 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05811e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly is an important strategy for constructing ordered structures and complex functions in nature. Based on this, people can imitate nature and artificially construct functional materials with novel structures through the supermolecular self-assembly pathway of biological interfaces. Among the many assembly units, peptide molecular self-assembly has received widespread attention in recent years. In this review, we introduce the interactions (hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bond, and electrostatic interaction) between peptide nanomaterials and biological interfaces, summarizing the latest advancements in multifunctional self-assembling peptide materials. We systematically demonstrate the assembly mechanisms of peptides at biological interfaces, such as proteins and cell membranes, while highlighting their application potential and challenges in fields like drug delivery, antibacterial strategies, and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yuan Guo
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan 1, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Li Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Jia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Hong-Wei An
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Zi-Xin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shizishan 1, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing, 100190, China.
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Kulikova AV, Parker JK, Davies BW, Wilke CO. Semantic search using protein large language models detects class II microcins in bacterial genomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.15.567263. [PMID: 38014091 PMCID: PMC10680697 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.15.567263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Class II microcins are antimicrobial peptides that have shown some potential as novel antibiotics. However, to date only ten class II microcins have been described, and discovery of novel microcins has been hampered by their short length and high sequence divergence. Here, we ask if we can use numerical embeddings generated by protein large language models to detect microcins in bacterial genome assemblies and whether this method can outperform sequence-based methods such as BLAST. We find that embeddings detect known class II microcins much more reliably than does BLAST and that any two microcins tend to have a small distance in embedding space even though they typically are highly diverged at the sequence level. In datasets of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella spp., and Enterobacter spp. genomes, we further find novel putative microcins that were previously missed by sequence-based search methods.
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Ali S, Shah SAUR, Rauf M, Hassan M, Ullah W, Dawar FU. Bactericidal role of epidermal mucus of freshwater fish treated with Aeromonas hydrophila. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:1225-1237. [PMID: 37501533 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the bactericidal role of the epidermal mucus (EM) of five freshwater Cyprinid fish species namely Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, and Cirrhinus mrigala after treatment with Aeromonas hydrophila. Extracts of EM (crude and acidic) of each species showed bactericidal activity against various Gram -ve (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumonia, Serratia marcescens, and Enterobacter cloacae) and Gram +ve (Bacillus wiedmannii and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria compared with standard antibiotics (Fosfomycin). The zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured in millimetres against antibiotics (Fosfomycin). Variations in bactericidal activity of EM were observed against bacteria from the same and different fish species. The acidic extract was more effective than the crude extract and showed significantly higher ZOI values against various bacteria and Fosfomycin antibiotics. This result shows that fish EM may perform an important role in fish defence against bacteria. Therefore, this study may hint towards the substitution of synthetic antibiotics with fish EM that may be used as a novel 'bactericidal' in aquaculture as well as in humans against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandana Ali
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ata Ur Rahman Shah
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rauf
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of System Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Waheed Ullah
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah Dawar
- Laboratory of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Department of Zoology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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10
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Aldarhami A. Identification of novel bacteriocin against Staphylococcus and Bacillus species. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2023; 17:15-22. [PMID: 37692990 PMCID: PMC10484066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Due to the continues emergence of antimicrobial resistance, discovery of novel compounds are urgently required. Thus, this study is focused to identify a novel antimicrobial peptide (bacteriocin) targeting multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Methods About 80 environmental isolates were recovered and screened for anti-bacterial activity using simultaneous antagonism assays. Produced peptide (AB3) was purified using Strata-XL-C and Sep-Pack columns. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis and MIC were conducted on the AB3 peptide to determine its molecular weight and spectrum of activity. Extraction and amplification for the 16S rRNA gene of the producing strain was accomplished using QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and GeneAmp PCR system thermocycler, respectively. Novelty of the compound was assessed based on all obtained genomic and proteomic data using Basic Local Alignment Search Tool search and Unni-Prot and Bactibase, respectively. Results About 5% of screened isolates showed antagonistic activity toward tested indicators. Obtained compound showed narrow spectrum of activity toward certain Gram-positive species including, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Bacillus species. MALDI-TOF analysis revealed the flowing molecular masses: 1288.207 Da, 1304.536 Da, 1326.529 Da, 1403.591 Da, and 1472.792 Da. The extensive genomic and proteomic analysis have indicated the discovery of novel bacteriocin produced by Bacillus malacitensis. Conclusion A novel bacteriocin (AB3) was identified from B. malacitensis, which has showed promising in vitro bactericidal activity toward MSSA, MRSA, and Bacillus subtilis. This compound holds great potential to replace or used in combination with currently used antibiotics to treat serious untreatable bacterial infections. However, further investigations to determine its suitability for therapeutic use in human health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdu Aldarhami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Qunfudah Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Qunfudah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Khedre AM, Ismail TG, Hashem GA, Zakaria IM. In vitro antibacterial activity and synergetic effect of crude extract of the Wohlfahrtia nuba (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) flesh fly larvae. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1373-1385. [PMID: 37338790 PMCID: PMC10484856 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant pathogens have become ubiquitous, and effective treatment alternatives are urgently required. Maggot therapy is a promising agent that is being studied to overcome antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of the larvae extract of the Wohlfahrtia nuba (wiedmann) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) flesh fly on the growth of five pathogenic bacterial species (methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 29213], methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC BAA-1680], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 27853], Escherichia coli [ATCC 25922], and Salmonella typhi [ATCC 19430]) in vitro by using different techniques. Resazurin-based turbidimetric assay demonstrated that the W. nuba maggot exosecretion (ES) was potent against all the bacterial species tested, and according to the determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each bacterium, gram-negative bacteria were more sensitive than gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, colony-forming unit assay showed that maggot ES was able to inhibit bacterial growth rate for all bacterial species tested, where the highest bacterial reduction was observed with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) followed by S. typhi. Moreover, maggot ES was shown to be concentration-dependent, where 100 μL of ES at 200 mg/mL was bactericidal towards methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa compared with 100 μL at the MIC of the ES. Moreover, based on the result of agar disc diffusion assay, maggot extract was more efficient against P. aeruginosa and E. coli than the remaining reference strains tested. Furthermore, the combination between regular antibiotics with maggot ES at different concentrations indicated that ES acts synergistically with the tested antibiotics against the five bacterial models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M. Khedre
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, P.O. Box: 82524, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Tarek G. Ismail
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, P.O. Box: 82524, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Gehad A. Hashem
- Microbiology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Islam M. Zakaria
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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12
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Gong W, He WY, Hou YY, Li YX, Hu JN. Tendon-inspired hybrid hydrogel based on polyvinyl alcohol and gallic acid-lysozyme for promoting wound closure and healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125583. [PMID: 37385317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive wound closure remains a challenge in the field of wound healing. In this study, we report the development of a cross-linked P-GL hydrogel constructed from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and GL (a hydrogel consisting of gallic acid and lysozyme) that effectively promotes wound closure and healing. The P-GL hydrogel exhibited a unique lamellar and tendon-like fibrous network structure, providing good thermo-sensitivity and tissue adhesiveness up to 60 MPa, as well as retaining autonomous self-healing and acid resistance capacities. In addition, the P-GL hydrogel exhibited sustained release characteristics lasting >100 h, excellent biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo, as well as good antibacterial activity and mechanical properties. The in vivo full-thickness skin wounds model revealed the positive wound closure and healing therapeutic effects of the P-GL hydrogels were confirmed, showing a promising potential as a noninvasive wound closure and healing bio-adhesive hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wan-Ying He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yi-Yang Hou
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Hu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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13
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Ladewig L, Gloy L, Langfeldt D, Pinnow N, Weiland-Bräuer N, Schmitz RA. Antimicrobial Peptides Originating from Expression Libraries of Aurelia aurita and Mnemiopsis leidyi Prevent Biofilm Formation of Opportunistic Pathogens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2184. [PMID: 37764028 PMCID: PMC10537229 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for novel antimicrobial compounds is rapidly growing due to the rising appearance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria; accordingly, alternative approaches are urgently needed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising, since they are a naturally occurring part of the innate immune system and display remarkable broad-spectrum activity and high selectivity against various microbes. Marine invertebrates are a primary resource of natural AMPs. Consequently, cDNA expression (EST) libraries from the Cnidarian moon jellyfish Aurelia aurita and the Ctenophore comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi were constructed in Escherichia coli. Cell-free size-fractionated cell extracts (<3 kDa) of the two libraries (each with 29,952 clones) were consecutively screened for peptides preventing the biofilm formation of opportunistic pathogens using the crystal violet assay. The 3 kDa fraction of ten individual clones demonstrated promising biofilm-preventing activities against Klebsiella oxytoca and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sequencing the respective activity-conferring inserts allowed for the identification of small ORFs encoding peptides (10-22 aa), which were subsequently chemically synthesized to validate their inhibitory potential. Although the peptides are likely artificial products from a random translation of EST inserts, the biofilm-preventing effects against K. oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus were verified for five synthetic peptides in a concentration-dependent manner, with peptide BiP_Aa_5 showing the strongest effects. The impact of BiP_Aa_2, BiP_Aa_5, and BiP_Aa_6 on the dynamic biofilm formation of K. oxytoca was further validated in microfluidic flow cells, demonstrating a significant reduction in biofilm thickness and volume by BiP_Aa_2 and BiP_Aa_5. Overall, the structural characteristics of the marine invertebrate-derived AMPs, their physicochemical properties, and their promising antibiofilm effects highlight them as attractive candidates for discovering new antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ladewig
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Leon Gloy
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniela Langfeldt
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology (IKMB), Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicole Pinnow
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nancy Weiland-Bräuer
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- General Microbiology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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14
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Acharya Y, Taneja KK, Haldar J. Dual functional therapeutics: mitigating bacterial infection and associated inflammation. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1410-1428. [PMID: 37593575 PMCID: PMC10429821 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00166k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antimicrobial resistance, coupled with the occurrence of persistent systemic infections, has already complicated clinical therapy efforts. Moreover, infections are also accompanied by strong inflammatory responses, generated by the host's innate and adaptive immune systems. The closely intertwined relationship between bacterial infection and inflammation has multiple implications on the ability of antibacterial therapeutics to tackle infection and inflammation. Particularly, uncontrolled inflammatory responses to infection can lead to sepsis, a life-threatening physiological condition. In this review, we discuss dual-functional antibacterial therapeutics that have potential to be developed for treating inflammation associated with bacterial infections. Immense research is underway that aims to develop new therapeutic agents that, when administered, regulate the excess inflammatory response, i.e. they have immunomodulatory properties along with the desired antibacterial activity. The classes of antibiotics that have immunomodulatory function in addition to antibacterial activity have been reviewed. Host defense peptides and their synthetic mimics are amongst the most sought-after solutions to develop such dual-functional therapeutics. This review also highlights the important classes of peptidomimetics that exhibit both antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Acharya
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Kashish Kumar Taneja
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
| | - Jayanta Haldar
- Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) Jakkur Bengaluru 560064 Karnataka India
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15
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Routsias JG, Marinou D, Mavrouli M, Tsakris A, Pitiriga V. Serum β-Defensin 2, A Novel Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Acute Infections. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111885. [PMID: 37296737 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defensins are natural antimicrobial peptides that the human body secretes to protect itself from an infection. Thus, they are ideal molecules to serve as biomarkers for infection. This study was conducted to evaluate the levels of human β-defensins in patients with inflammation. METHODS CRP, hBD2 and procalcitonin were measured in 423 sera of 114 patients with inflammation and healthy individuals using nephelometry and commercial ELISA assays. RESULTS Levels of hBD2 in the serum of patients with an infection were markedly elevated compared to those of hBD2 in patients with inflammation of non-infectious etiology (p < 0.0001, t = 10.17) and healthy individuals. ROC analysis demonstrated that hBD2 showed the highest detection performance for infection (AUC 0.897; p < 0.001) followed by PCT (AUC 0.576; p = ns) and CRP (AUC 0.517; p = ns). In addition, analysis of hBD2 and CRP in patients' sera collected at different time points showed that hBD2 levels could help differentiate inflammation of infectious and non-infectious etiology during the first 5 days of hospitalization, while CRP levels could not. CONCLUSIONS hBD2 has the potential to serve as a diagnostic biomarker for infection. In addition, the levels of hBD2 may reflect the efficacy of antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Routsias
- Department of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Dionysia Marinou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Maria Mavrouli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Pitiriga
- Department of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Attica, Greece
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16
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Scieuzo C, Giglio F, Rinaldi R, Lekka ME, Cozzolino F, Monaco V, Monti M, Salvia R, Falabella P. In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of the Peptide Fractions Extracted from the Hemolymph of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050464. [PMID: 37233092 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a chemically and structurally heterogeneous family of molecules produced by a large variety of living organisms, whose expression is predominant in the sites most exposed to microbial invasion. One of the richest natural sources of AMPs is insects which, over the course of their very long evolutionary history, have adapted to numerous and different habitats by developing a powerful innate immune system that has allowed them to survive but also to assert themselves in the new environment. Recently, due to the increase in antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, interest in AMPs has risen. In this work, we detected AMPs in the hemolymph of Hermetia illucens (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) larvae, following infection with Escherichia coli (Gram negative) or Micrococcus flavus (Gram positive) and from uninfected larvae. Peptide component, isolated via organic solvent precipitation, was analyzed by microbiological techniques. Subsequent mass spectrometry analysis allowed us to specifically identify peptides expressed in basal condition and peptides differentially expressed after bacterial challenge. We identified 33 AMPs in all the analyzed samples, of which 13 are specifically stimulated by Gram negative and/or Gram positive bacterial challenge. AMPs mostly expressed after bacterial challenge could be responsible for a more specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Scieuzo
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Fabiana Giglio
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Roberta Rinaldi
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Marilena E Lekka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Flora Cozzolino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Vittoria Monaco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosanna Salvia
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Patrizia Falabella
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Spinoff XFlies s.r.l., University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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17
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Fesahat F, Firouzabadi AM, Zare-Zardini H, Imani M. Roles of Different β-Defensins in the Human Reproductive System: A Review Study. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231182673. [PMID: 37381627 PMCID: PMC10334010 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231182673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human β-defensins (hBDs) are cationic peptides with an amphipathic spatial shape and a high cysteine content. The members of this peptide family have been found in the human body with various functions, including the human reproductive system. Of among β-defensins in the human body, β-defensin 1, β-defensin 2, and β-defensin 126 are known in the human reproductive system. Human β-defensin 1 interacts with chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) in the male reproductive system to prevent bacterial infections. This peptide has a positive function in antitumor immunity by recruiting dendritic cells and memory T cells in prostate cancer. It is necessary for fertilization via facilitating capacitation and acrosome reaction in the female reproductive system. Human β-defensin 2 is another peptide with antibacterial action which can minimize infection in different parts of the female reproductive system such as the vagina by interacting with CCR6. Human β-defensin 2 could play a role in preventing cervical cancer via interactions with dendritic cells. Human β-defensin 126 is required for sperm motility and protecting the sperm against immune system factors. This study attempted to review the updated knowledge about the roles of β-defensin 1, β-defensin 2, and β-defensin 126 in both the male and female reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fesahat
- Reproductive Immunology Research
Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Masoud Firouzabadi
- Reproductive Immunology Research
Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Hematology and Oncology Research
Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Imani
- Reproductive Immunology Research
Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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18
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Antimicrobial peptides for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 68:100954. [PMID: 36905712 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The problem of drug resistance due to long-term use of antibiotics has been a concern for years. As this problem grows worse, infections caused by multiple bacteria are expanding rapidly and are extremely detrimental to human health. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a good alternative to current antimicrobials with potent antimicrobial activity and unique antimicrobial mechanisms, which have advantages over traditional antibiotics in fighting against drug-resistant bacterial infections. Currently, researchers have conducted clinical investigations on AMPs for drug-resistant bacterial infections while integrating new technologies in the development of AMPs, such as changing amino acid structure of AMPs and using different delivery methods for AMPs. This article introduces the basic properties of AMPs, deliberates the mechanism of drug resistance in bacteria and the therapeutic mechanism of AMPs. The current disadvantages and advances of AMPs in combating drug-resistant bacterial infections are also discussed. This article provides important insights into the research and clinical application of new AMPs for drug-resistant bacterial infections.
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19
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Ditsawanon T, Phaonakrob N, Roytrakul S. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Peptides from Bagasse against Human Pathogenic Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030448. [PMID: 36978315 PMCID: PMC10044114 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonedible agricultural wastes (agricultural wastes, agro-industrial wastes, and fishery wastes) were chosen as potential sources of antimicrobial peptides and evaluated for antibacterial efficiency against human pathogens. Specifically, protein hydrolysates were first obtained by hydrolysis with pepsin. Filtrated peptides smaller than 3 kDa were then purified by C18 reversed-phase chromatography, cation exchange chromatography, and off-gel fractionation. NanoLC-MS/MS was used to investigate the amino acid sequences of active peptide candidates. Five candidate peptides were finally chosen for chemical synthesis and evaluation of growth inhibition against human pathogenic bacteria. Two synthetic peptides from bagasse, NLWSNEINQDMAEF (Asn-Leu-Trp-Ser-Asn-Glu-Ile-Asn-Gln-Asp-Met-Ala-Glu-Phe) and VSNCL (Val-Ser-Asn-Cys-Leu), showed the most potent antibacterial activity against three pathogens: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Burkholderia cepacia. The antibacterial mechanisms of these peptides were then examined using shotgun proteomics, which revealed their effects to involve both intracellular-active and membrane-active mechanisms. Further investigation and modification of peptides are needed to increase the efficiency of these peptides against human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thitiporn Ditsawanon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrob
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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20
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Ibarra-Vega R, Galván-Hernández AR, Salazar-Monge H, Zataraín-Palacios R, García-Villalvazo PE, Zavalza-Galvez DI, Valdez-Velazquez LL, Jiménez-Vargas JM. Antimicrobial Compounds from Skin Secretions of Species That Belong to the Bufonidae Family. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:145. [PMID: 36828459 PMCID: PMC9968139 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin secretions of toads are a complex mixture of molecules. The substances secreted comprise more than 80 different compounds that show diverse pharmacological activities. The compounds secreted through skin pores and parotid glands are of particular interest because they help toads to endure in habitats full of pathogenic microbes, i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, due to their content of components such as bufadienolides, alkaloids, and antimicrobial peptides. We carried out an extensive literature review of relevant articles published until November 2022 in ACS Publications, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. It was centered on research addressing the biological characterization of the compounds identified in the species of genera Atelopus, Bufo, Duttaphrynus, Melanophryniscus, Peltopryne, Phrynoidis, Rhaebo, and Rhinella, with antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities; as well as studies performed with analogous compounds and skin secretions of toads that also showed these activities. This review shows that the compounds in the secretions of toads could be candidates for new drugs to treat infectious diseases or be used to develop new molecules with better properties from existing ones. Some compounds in this review showed activity against microorganisms of medical interest such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Coronavirus varieties, HIV, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania chagasi, Plasmodium falciparum, and against different kinds of fungi that affect plants of economic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ibarra-Vega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Coquimatlán 28040, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juana María Jiménez-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Coquimatlán 28040, Mexico
- Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Mexico City 03940, Mexico
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21
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A Designed Host Defense Peptide for the Topical Treatment of MRSA-Infected Diabetic Wounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032143. [PMID: 36768463 PMCID: PMC9917076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by metabolic dysregulation which is frequently associated with diabetic foot ulcers that result from a severely compromised innate immune system. The high levels of blood glucose characteristic of diabetes cause an increase in circulating inflammatory mediators, which accelerate cellular senescence and dampen antimicrobial activity within dermal tissue. In diabetic wounds, bacteria and fungi proliferate in a protective biofilm forming a structure that a compromised host defense system cannot easily penetrate, often resulting in chronic infections that require antimicrobial intervention to promote the healing process. The designed host defense peptide (dHDP) RP557 is a synthesized peptide whose sequence has been derived from naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that provide the first line of defense against invading pathogens. AMPs possess an amphipathic α-helix or β-sheet structure and a net positive charge that enables them to incorporate into pathogen membranes and perturb the barrier function of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria along with fungi. The capacity of skin to resist infections is largely dependent upon the activity of endogenous AMPs that provided the basis for the design and testing of RP557 for the resolution of wound infections. In the current study, the topical application of RP557 stopped bacterial growth in the biofilm of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) USA300 infected wounds on the flanks of clinically relevant diabetic TALLYHO mice. Topical application of RP557 reduced bacterial load and accelerated wound closure, while wound size in control diabetic mice continued to expand. These studies demonstrate that RP557 reduces or eliminates an infection in its biofilm and restores wound-healing capacity.
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22
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Combined Use of Antimicrobial Peptides with Antiseptics against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Pros and Cons. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010291. [PMID: 36678918 PMCID: PMC9863607 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are acknowledged as a promising template for designing new antimicrobials. At the same time, existing toxicity issues and limitations in their pharmacokinetics make topical application one of the less complicated routes to put AMPs-based therapeutics into actual medical practice. Antiseptics are one of the common components for topical treatment potent against antibiotic-resistant pathogens but often with toxicity limitations of their own. Thus, the interaction of AMPs and antiseptics is an interesting topic that is also less explored than combined action of AMPs and antibiotics. Herein, we analyzed antibacterial, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activity of combinations of both membranolytic and non-membranolytic AMPs with a number of antiseptic agents. Fractional concentration indices were used as a measure of possible effective concentration reduction achievable due to combined application. Cases of both synergistic and antagonistic interaction with certain antiseptics and surfactants were identified, and trends in the occurrence of these types of interaction were discussed. The data may be of use for AMP-based drug development and suggest that the topic requires further attention for successfully integrating AMPs-based products in the context of complex treatment. AMP/antiseptic combinations show promise for creating topical formulations with improved activity, lowered toxicity, and, presumably, decreased chances of inducing bacterial resistance. However, careful assessment is required to avoid AMP neutralization by certain antiseptic classes in either complex drug design or AMP application alongside other therapeutics/care products.
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23
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Li M, Xin D, Gao J, Yi Q, Yuan J, Bao Y, Gong Y. The protective effect of URP20 on ocular Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli infection in rats. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:517. [PMID: 36585631 PMCID: PMC9801630 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infectious keratitis, a medical emergency with acute and rapid disease progression may lead to severe visual impairment and even blindness. Herein, an antimicrobial polypeptide from Crassostrea hongkongensis, named URP20, was evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy against keratitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection in rats, respectively. METHODS A needle was used to scratch the surface of the eyeballs of rats and infect them with S. aureus and E.coli to construct a keratitis model. The two models were treated by giving 100 μL 100 μM URP20 drops. Positive drugs for S. aureus and E. coli infection were cefazolin eye drops and tobramycin eye drops, respectively. For the curative effect, the formation of blood vessels in the fundus was observed by a slit lamp (the third day). At the end of the experiment, the condition of the injured eye was photographed by cobalt blue light using 5 μL of 1% sodium fluorescein. The pathological damage to corneal tissues was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS URP20 alleviated the symptoms of corneal neovascularization as observed by slit lamp and cobalt blue lamp. The activity of S. aureus and E.coli is inhibited by URP20 to protect corneal epithelial cells and reduce corneal stromal bacterial invasion. It also prevented corneal thickening and inhibited neovascularization by reducing VEGF expression at the cornea. CONCLUSION URP20 can effectively inhibit keratitis caused by E.coli as well as S. aureus in rats, as reflected by the inhibition of corneal neovascularization and the reduction in bacterial damage to the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315042 China ,Department of Ophtalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315042 China
| | - Danli Xin
- Department of Ophtalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315042 China
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Ophtalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315042 China
| | - Quanyong Yi
- Department of Ophtalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315042 China
| | - Jianshu Yuan
- Department of Ophtalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315042 China
| | - Yongbo Bao
- grid.413076.70000 0004 1760 3510College of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - Yan Gong
- Department of Ophtalmology, Ningbo Eye Hospital, Ningbo, 315042 China ,grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Ophtalmology, Medical College of Ningbo University, Ningbo Eye Hospital, No. 599, Beiming Cheng Road, Yinzhou District, Ningbo, 315042 China
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Alternatives Therapeutic Approaches to Conventional Antibiotics: Advantages, Limitations and Potential Application in Medicine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121826. [PMID: 36551487 PMCID: PMC9774722 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobials and particularly multidrug resistance is one of the greatest challenges in the health system nowadays. The continual increase in the rates of antimicrobial resistance worldwide boosted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major public health threat. Different approaches have been employed to minimize the effect of resistance and control this threat, but the question still lingers as to their safety and efficiency. In this context, new anti-infectious approaches against multidrug resistance are being examined. Use of new antibiotics and their combination with new β-lactamase inhibitors, phage therapy, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, and antisense antimicrobial therapeutics are considered as one such promising approach for overcoming bacterial resistance. In this review, we provide insights into these emerging alternative therapies that are currently being evaluated and which may be developed in the future to break the progression of antimicrobial resistance. We focus on their advantages and limitations and potential application in medicine. We further highlight the importance of the combination therapy approach, wherein two or more therapies are used in combination in order to more effectively combat infectious disease and increasing access to quality healthcare. These advances could give an alternate solution to overcome antimicrobial drug resistance. We eventually hope to provide useful information for clinicians who are seeking solutions to the problems caused by antimicrobial resistance.
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Humphries JE, Lanctôt CM, Robert J, McCallum HI, Newell DA, Grogan LF. Do immune system changes at metamorphosis predict vulnerability to chytridiomycosis? An update. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104510. [PMID: 35985564 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are among the vertebrate groups suffering great losses of biodiversity due to a variety of causes including diseases, such as chytridiomycosis (caused by the fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and B. salamandrivorans). The amphibian metamorphic period has been identified as being particularly vulnerable to chytridiomycosis, with dramatic physiological and immunological reorganisation likely contributing to this vulnerability. Here, we overview the processes behind these changes at metamorphosis and then perform a systematic literature review to capture the breadth of empirical research performed over the last two decades on the metamorphic immune response. We found that few studies focused specifically on the immune response during the peri-metamorphic stages of amphibian development and fewer still on the implications of their findings with respect to chytridiomycosis. We recommend future studies consider components of the immune system that are currently under-represented in the literature on amphibian metamorphosis, particularly pathogen recognition pathways. Although logistically challenging, we suggest varying the timing of exposure to Bd across metamorphosis to examine the relative importance of pathogen evasion, suppression or dysregulation of the immune system. We also suggest elucidating the underlying mechanisms of the increased susceptibility to chytridiomycosis at metamorphosis and the associated implications for population persistence. For species that overlap a distribution where Bd/Bsal are now endemic, we recommend a greater focus on management strategies that consider the important peri-metamorphic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine E Humphries
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia.
| | - Chantal M Lanctôt
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 14642, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Hamish I McCallum
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - David A Newell
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, 2480, Australia
| | - Laura F Grogan
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia
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26
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Antimicrobial Activity Developed by Scorpion Venoms and Its Peptide Component. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110740. [PMID: 36355990 PMCID: PMC9693228 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial infections represent a problem of great importance at the public health level, with a high rate of morbidity-mortality worldwide. However, treating the different diseases generated by microorganisms requires a gradual increase in acquired resistance when applying or using them against various antibiotic therapies. Resistance is caused by various molecular mechanisms of microorganisms, thus reducing their effectiveness. Consequently, there is a need to search for new opportunities through natural sources with antimicrobial activity. One alternative is using peptides present in different scorpion venoms, specifically from the Buthidae family. Different peptides with biological activity in microorganisms have been characterized as preventing their growth or inhibiting their replication. Therefore, they represent an alternative to be used in the design and development of new-generation antimicrobial drugs in different types of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. Essential aspects for its disclosure, as shown in this review, are the studies carried out on different types of peptides in scorpion venoms with activity against pathogenic microorganisms, highlighting their high therapeutic potential.
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Bioengineering Approaches to Fight against Orthopedic Biomaterials Related-Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911658. [PMID: 36232956 PMCID: PMC9569980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most serious complications following the implantation of orthopedic biomaterials is the development of infection. Orthopedic implant-related infections do not only entail clinical problems and patient suffering, but also cause a burden on healthcare care systems. Additionally, the ageing of the world population, in particular in developed countries, has led to an increase in the population above 60 years. This is a significantly vulnerable population segment insofar as biomaterials use is concerned. Implanted materials are highly susceptible to bacterial and fungal colonization and the consequent infection. These microorganisms are often opportunistic, taking advantage of the weakening of the body defenses at the implant surface–tissue interface to attach to tissues or implant surfaces, instigating biofilm formation and subsequent development of infection. The establishment of biofilm leads to tissue destruction, systemic dissemination of the pathogen, and dysfunction of the implant/bone joint, leading to implant failure. Moreover, the contaminated implant can be a reservoir for infection of the surrounding tissue where microorganisms are protected. Therefore, the biofilm increases the pathogenesis of infection since that structure offers protection against host defenses and antimicrobial therapies. Additionally, the rapid emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics prompted the development of new alternative approaches to prevent and control implant-related infections. Several concepts and approaches have been developed to obtain biomaterials endowed with anti-infective properties. In this review, several anti-infective strategies based on biomaterial engineering are described and discussed in terms of design and fabrication, mechanisms of action, benefits, and drawbacks for preventing and treating orthopaedic biomaterials-related infections.
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28
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Han J, Dong P, Holman BWB, Yang H, Chen X, Zhu L, Luo X, Mao Y, Zhang Y. Processing interventions for enhanced microbiological safety of beef carcasses and beef products: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2105-2129. [PMID: 36148812 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Chilled beef is inevitably contaminated with microorganisms, starting from the very beginning of the slaughter line. A lot of studies have aimed to improve meat safety and extend the shelf life of chilled beef, of which some have focused on improving the decontamination effects using traditional decontamination interventions, and others have investigated newer technologies and methods, that offer greater energy efficiency, lower environmental impacts, and better assurances for the decontamination of beef carcasses and cuts. To inform industry, there is an urgent need to review these interventions, analyze the merits and demerits of each technology, and provide insight into 'best practice' to preserve microbial safety and beef quality. In this review, the strategies and procedures used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on beef, from slaughter to storage, have been critiqued. Critical aspects, where there is a lack of data, have been highlighted to help guide future research. It is also acknowledge that different intervention programs for microbiological safety have different applications, dependent on the initial microbial load, the type of infrastructures, and different stages of beef processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Han
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Benjamin W B Holman
- Centre for Red Meat and Sheep Development, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Cowra, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Huixuan Yang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xin Luo
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Lab of Beef Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, P. R. China
- National R&D Center for Beef Processing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong, P. R. China
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Acyldepsipeptide Analogues: A Future Generation Antibiotics for Tuberculosis Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091956. [PMID: 36145704 PMCID: PMC9502522 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acyldepsipeptides (ADEPs) are a new class of emerging antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are currently explored for treatment of pathogenic infections, including tuberculosis (TB). These cyclic hydrophobic peptides have a unique bacterial target to the conventional anti-TB drugs, and present a therapeutic window to overcome Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. tb) drug resistance. ADEPs exerts their antibacterial activity on M. tb strains through activation of the protein homeostatic regulatory protease, the caseinolytic protease (ClpP1P2). ClpP1P2 is normally regulated and activated by the ClpP-ATPases to degrade misfolded and toxic peptides and/or short proteins. ADEPs bind and dysregulate all the homeostatic capabilities of ClpP1P2 while inducing non-selective proteolysis. The uncontrolled proteolysis leads to M. tb cell death within the host. ADEPs analogues that have been tested possess cytotoxicity and poor pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. However, these can be improved by drug design techniques. Moreover, the use of nanomaterial in conjunction with ADEPs would yield effective synergistic effect. This new mode of action has potential to combat and eradicate the extensive multi-drug resistance (MDR) problem that is currently faced by the public health pertaining bacterial infections, especially TB.
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Dinesh Kumar S, Park JH, Kim HS, Seo CD, Ajish C, Kim EY, Lim HS, Shin SY. Cationic, amphipathic small molecules based on a triazine-piperazine-triazine scaffold as a new class of antimicrobial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114747. [PMID: 36103802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Poor proteolytic resistance, toxicity and salt/serum sensitivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) limits their practical clinical application. Here, to overcome these drawbacks of AMPs and develop novel antimicrobial agents, a series of small molecules based on a triazine-piperazine-triazine scaffold that mimic the cationic amphipathic structure of AMPs were synthesized and evaluated their potential as a new class of antimicrobial agents. All designed compounds showed strong antimicrobial activity and negligible hemolytic activity. Particularly, five compounds (9, 11, 12, 15, and 16) presented excellent cell selectivity with proteolytic resistance, salt/serum stability and anti-inflammatory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. These five compounds exhibited similar or 2-4 fold higher antimicrobial activity than melittin against six antibiotic-resistant bacteria tested. Similar to the intracellular-targeting AMP, buforin-2, these compounds displayed an intracellular mode of antimicrobial action. These compounds showed potent biofilm inhibitory and eradicating activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRPA). Additionally, these compounds displayed synergistic or additive effects when combined with selected clinically used antibiotics. Furthermore, these compounds have been proven to inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokine release by directly binding to LPS and blocking the interaction between LPS and CD14/TLR4 receptor in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Overall, our results demonstrate the potential of the designed compounds as a novel class of multifunctional antimicrobial agents to combat bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyung Park
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Deok Seo
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chelladurai Ajish
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Division of Advanced Materials Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Song Yub Shin
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Zupin L, dos Santos-Silva CA, Al Mughrbi ARH, Vilela LMB, Benko-Iseppon AM, Crovella S. Bioactive Antimicrobial Peptides: A New Weapon to Counteract Zoonosis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081591. [PMID: 36014009 PMCID: PMC9414035 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonoses have recently become the center of attention of the general population and scientific community. Notably, more than 30 new human pathogens have been identified in the last 30 years, 75% of which can be classified as zoonosis. The complete eradication of such types of infections is far out of reach, considering the limited understanding of animal determinants in zoonoses and their causes of emergence. Therefore, efforts must be doubled in examining the spread, persistence, and pathogenicity of zoonosis and studying possible clinical interventions and antimicrobial drug development. The search for antimicrobial bioactive compounds has assumed great emphasis, considering the emergence of multi-drug-resistant microorganisms. Among the biomolecules of emerging scientific interest are antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), potent biomolecules that can potentially act as important weapons against infectious diseases. Moreover, synthetic AMPs are easily tailored (bioinformatically) to target specific features of the pathogens to hijack, inducing no or very low resistance. Although very promising, previous studies on SAMPs’ efficacy are still at their early stages. Indeed, further studies and better characterization on their mechanism of action with in vitro and in vivo assays are needed so as to proceed to their clinical application on human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Zupin
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health—IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (S.C.)
| | | | | | - Livia Maria Batista Vilela
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
- Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: (L.Z.); (S.C.)
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Mescola A, Ragazzini G, Facci P, Alessandrini A. The potential of AFM in studying the role of the nanoscale amphipathic nature of (lipo)-peptides interacting with lipid bilayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:432001. [PMID: 35830770 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac80c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lipopeptides (LPs) represent very promising molecules to fight resistant bacterial infections due to their broad-spectrum of activity, their first target, i.e. the bacterial membrane, and the rapid bactericidal action. For both types of molecules, the action mechanism starts from the membrane of the pathogen agents, producing a disorganization of their phase structure or the formation of pores of different size altering their permeability. This mechanism of action is based on physical interactions more than on a lock-and-key recognition event and it is difficult for the pathogens to rapidly develop an effective resistance. Very small differences in the sequence of both AMPs and LPs might lead to very different effects on the target membrane. Therefore, a correct understanding of their mechanism of action is required with the aim of developing new synthetic peptides, analogues of the natural ones, with specific and more powerful bactericidal activity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its high resolution and the associated force spectroscopy resource, provides a valuable technique to investigate the reorganization of lipid bilayers exposed to antimicrobial or lipopeptides. Here, we present AFM results obtained by ours and other groups on the action of AMPs and LPs on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of different composition. We also consider data obtained by fluorescence microscopy to compare the AFM data with another technique which can be used on different lipid bilayer model systems such as SLBs and giant unilamellar vesicles. The outcomes here presented highlight the powerful of AFM-based techniques in detecting nanoscale peptide-membrane interactions and strengthen their use as an exceptional complementary tool toin vivoinvestigations. Indeed, the combination of these approaches can help decipher the mechanisms of action of different antimicrobials and lipopeptides at both the micro and nanoscale levels, and to design new and more efficient antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Facci
- CNR-Ibf, Via De Marini 6, I-16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
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33
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Moeinabadi-Bidgoli K, Rezaee M, Rismanchi H, Mohammadi MM, Babajani A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anti-Neoplastic Agents: New Insight into Anticancer Mechanisms of Stem Cells and Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:900418. [PMID: 35874827 PMCID: PMC9298847 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.900418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as adult multipotent cells, possess considerable regenerative and anti-neoplastic effects, from inducing apoptosis in the cancer cells to reducing multidrug resistance that bring them up as an appropriate alternative for cancer treatment. These cells can alter the behavior of cancer cells, the condition of the tumor microenvironment, and the activity of immune cells that result in tumor regression. It has been observed that during inflammatory conditions, a well-known feature of the tumor microenvironment, the MSCs produce and release some molecules called “antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)” with demonstrated anti-neoplastic effects. These peptides have remarkable targeted anticancer effects by attaching to the negatively charged membrane of neoplastic cells, disrupting the membrane, and interfering with intracellular pathways. Therefore, AMPs could be considered as a part of the wide-ranging anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs. This review focuses on the possible anti-neoplastic effects of MSCs-derived AMPs and their mechanisms. It also discusses preconditioning approaches and using exosomes to enhance AMP production and delivery from MSCs to cancer cells. Besides, the clinical administration of MSCs-derived AMPs, along with their challenges in clinical practice, were debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasra Moeinabadi-Bidgoli
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastroenterology Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Rismanchi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhesam Babajani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Parchebafi A, Tamanaee F, Ehteram H, Ahmad E, Nikzad H, Haddad Kashani H. The dual interaction of antimicrobial peptides on bacteria and cancer cells; mechanism of action and therapeutic strategies of nanostructures. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:118. [PMID: 35717207 PMCID: PMC9206340 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial infection and cancer are two leading causes of global mortality. Discovering and developing new therapeutics with better specificity having minimal side-effects and no drug resistance are of an immense need. In this regard, cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMP) with dual antimicrobial and anticancer activities are the ultimate choice. For better efficacy and improved stability, the AMPs available for treatment still required to be modified. There are several strategies in which AMPs can be enhanced through, for instance, nano-carrier application with high selectivity and specificity enables researchers to estimate the rate of drug delivery to a particular tissue. In this review we present the biology and modes of action of AMPs for both anticancer and antimicrobial activities as well as some modification strategies to improve the efficacy and selectivity of these AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Parchebafi
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tamanaee
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ehteram
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hossein Nikzad
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Haddad Kashani
- Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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35
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Nanomaterials-Based Combinatorial Therapy as a Strategy to Combat Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060794. [PMID: 35740200 PMCID: PMC9220075 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of antibiotics, humanity has been able to cope with the battle against bacterial infections. However, the inappropriate use of antibiotics, the lack of innovation in therapeutic agents, and other factors have allowed the emergence of new bacterial strains resistant to multiple antibiotic treatments, causing a crisis in the health sector. Furthermore, the World Health Organization has listed a series of pathogens (ESKAPE group) that have acquired new and varied resistance to different antibiotics families. Therefore, the scientific community has prioritized designing and developing novel treatments to combat these ESKAPE pathogens and other emergent multidrug-resistant bacteria. One of the solutions is the use of combinatorial therapies. Combinatorial therapies seek to enhance the effects of individual treatments at lower doses, bringing the advantage of being, in most cases, much less harmful to patients. Among the new developments in combinatorial therapies, nanomaterials have gained significant interest. Some of the most promising nanotherapeutics include polymers, inorganic nanoparticles, and antimicrobial peptides due to their bactericidal and nanocarrier properties. Therefore, this review focuses on discussing the state-of-the-art of the most significant advances and concludes with a perspective on the future developments of nanotherapeutic combinatorial treatments that target bacterial infections.
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36
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Hashemi S, Niazi A, Baghizadeh A, Taghizadeh MS. Successful use of Nicotiana tabacum hairy roots for the recombinant production of Cecropin A peptide. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2022; 69:876-886. [PMID: 33788287 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cecropin A, as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP), is possible to use in medical and agricultural fields as a new and safe biocontrol agent. Therefore, it is highly necessary to find a cost-effective and scalable approach to generate a large scale of it. In this research, the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834 was used to transfer the Cecropin A gene to the Nicotiana tabacum. After confirmation of transgenic hairy roots, the antibacterial activity of purified Cecropin A peptide was measured using the agar gel diffusion method. Successful transforming of Cecropin A was confirmed at the RNA and protein levels in hairy root cells using RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The highest Cecropin A amount was detected in line 4 of the transgenic lines using ELISA in comparison with the nontransgenic line. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity of Cecropin A extracted from line 4 showed the highest inhibition activity against Aspergillus niger. Besides, this activity was stable against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans pathogens after 7 days. The recombinant production of Cecropin A AMP had a yield of 63.81 μg/g of fresh weight. According to a significant yield, this system can be used to produce the Cecropin A peptide for pharmacological and food science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Hashemi
- Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Environmental Science, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- Institute of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Baghizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Environmental Science, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Host Defence Peptides: A Potent Alternative to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11040475. [PMID: 35453226 PMCID: PMC9032040 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges facing the medical community today is the ever-increasing trajectory of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is being compounded by the decrease in our antimicrobial armamentarium. From their initial discovery to the current day, antibiotics have seen an exponential increase in their usage, from medical to agricultural use. Benefits aside, this has led to an exponential increase in AMR, with the fear that over 10 million lives are predicted to be lost by 2050, according to the World Health Organisation (WHO). As such, medical researchers are turning their focus to discovering novel alternatives to antimicrobials, one being Host Defence Peptides (HDPs). These small cationic peptides have shown great efficacy in being used as an antimicrobial therapy for currently resistant microbial variants. With the sudden emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 variant and the subsequent global pandemic, the great versatility and potential use of HDPs as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in treating as well as preventing the spread of COVID-19 has been reviewed. Thus, to allow the reader to have a full understanding of the multifaceted therapeutic use of HDPs, this literature review shall cover the association between COVID-19 and AMR whilst discussing and evaluating the use of HDPs as an answer to antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
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Prediction of Antibacterial Peptides against Propionibacterium acnes from the Peptidomes of Achatina fulica Mucus Fractions. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072290. [PMID: 35408688 PMCID: PMC9000865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common skin disease mainly caused by the Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium, Propionibacterium acnes. This bacterium stimulates the inflammation process in human sebaceous glands. The giant African snail (Achatina fulica) is an alien species that rapidly reproduces and seriously damages agricultural products in Thailand. There were several research reports on the medical and pharmaceutical benefits of these snail mucus peptides and proteins. This study aimed to in silico predict multifunctional bioactive peptides from A. fulica mucus peptidome using bioinformatic tools for the determination of antimicrobial (iAMPpred), anti-biofilm (dPABBs), cytotoxic (ToxinPred) and cell-membrane-penetrating (CPPpred) peptides. Three candidate peptides with the highest predictive score were selected and re-designed/modified to improve the required activities. Structural and physicochemical properties of six anti-P. acnes (APA) peptide candidates were performed using the PEP-FOLD3 program and the four previous tools. All candidates had a random coiled structure and were named APAP-1 ori, APAP-2 ori, APAP-3 ori, APAP-1 mod, APAP-2 mod, and APAP-3 mod. To validate the APA activity, these peptide candidates were synthesized and tested against six isolates of P. acnes. The modified APA peptides showed high APA activity on three isolates. Therefore, our biomimetic mucus peptides could be useful for preventing acne vulgaris and further examined on other activities important to medical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Jafari A, Babajani A, Sarrami Forooshani R, Yazdani M, Rezaei-Tavirani M. Clinical Applications and Anticancer Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides: From Bench to Bedside. Front Oncol 2022; 12:819563. [PMID: 35280755 PMCID: PMC8904739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted global health issue and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. In recent years, medical science has achieved great advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Despite the numerous advantages of conventional cancer therapies, there are major drawbacks including severe side effects, toxicities, and drug resistance. Therefore, the urgency of developing new drugs with low cytotoxicity and treatment resistance is increasing. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted attention as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of various cancers, targeting tumor cells with less toxicity to normal tissues. In this review, we present the structure, biological function, and underlying mechanisms of AMPs. The recent experimental studies and clinical trials on anticancer peptides in different cancer types as well as the challenges of their clinical application have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhesam Babajani
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Sarrami Forooshani
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Yazdani
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Drug Design, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lebedev AT, Vasileva ID, Samgina TY. FT-MS in the de novo top-down sequencing of natural nontryptic peptides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:284-313. [PMID: 33347655 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present review covers available results on the application of FT-MS for the de novo sequencing of natural peptides of various animals: cones, bees, snakes, amphibians, scorpions, and so forth. As these peptides are usually bioactive, the animals efficiently use them as a weapon against microorganisms or higher animals including predators. These peptides represent definite interest as drugs of future generations since the mechanism of their activity is completely different in comparison with that of the modern antibiotics. Utilization of those peptides as antibiotics can eliminate the problem of the bacterial resistance development. Sequence elucidation of these bioactive peptides becomes even more challenging when the species genome is not available and little is known about the protein origin and other properties of those peptides in the study. De novo sequencing may be the only option to obtain sequence information. The benefits of FT-MS for the top-down peptide sequencing, the general approaches of the de novxxo sequencing, the difficult cases involving sequence coverage, isobaric and isomeric amino acids, cyclization of short peptides, the presence of posttranslational modifications will be discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert T Lebedev
- Organic Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina D Vasileva
- Organic Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Y Samgina
- Organic Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Chen Y, Wang S, Alemi H, Dohlman T, Dana R. Immune regulation of the ocular surface. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:109007. [PMID: 35257715 PMCID: PMC9050918 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite constant exposure to various environmental stimuli, the ocular surface remains intact and uninflamed while maintaining the transparency of the cornea and its visual function. This 'immune privilege' of the ocular surface is not simply a result of the physical barrier function of the mucosal lining but, more importantly, is actively maintained through a variety of immunoregulatory mechanisms that prevent the disruption of immune homeostasis. In this review, we focus on essential molecular and cellular players that promote immune quiescence in steady-state conditions and suppress inflammation in disease-states. Specifically, we examine the interactions between the ocular surface and its local draining lymphoid compartment, by encompassing the corneal epithelium, corneal nerves and cornea-resident myeloid cells, conjunctival goblet cells, and regulatory T cells (Treg) in the context of ocular surface autoimmune inflammation (dry eye disease) and alloimmunity (corneal transplantation). A better understanding of the immunoregulatory mechanisms will facilitate the development of novel, targeted immunomodulatory strategies for a broad range of ocular surface inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Shudan Wang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hamid Alemi
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Thomas Dohlman
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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Yang Y, Wu J, Li Q, Wang J, Mu L, Hui L, Li M, Xu W, Yang H, Wei L. A non-bactericidal cathelicidin provides prophylactic efficacy against bacterial infection by driving phagocyte influx. eLife 2022; 11:72849. [PMID: 35195067 PMCID: PMC8865851 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of bactericidal cathelicidins against bacterial infection have been extensively studied. However, the antibacterial property and mechanism of action of non-bactericidal cathelicidins are rarely known. Herein, a novel naturally occurring cathelicidin (PopuCATH) from tree frog (Polypedates puerensis) did not show any direct anti-bacterial activity in vitro. Intriguingly, intraperitoneal injection of PopuCATH before bacterial inoculation significantly reduced the bacterial load in tree frogs and mice, and reduced the inflammatory response induced by bacterial inoculation in mice. PopuCATH pretreatment also increased the survival rates of septic mice induced by a lethal dose of bacterial inoculation or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Intraperitoneal injection of PopuCATH significantly drove the leukocyte influx in both frogs and mice. In mice, PopuCATH rapidly drove neutrophil, monocyte/macrophage influx in mouse abdominal cavity and peripheral blood with a negligible impact on T and B lymphocytes, and neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, but not T and B lymphocytes, were required for the preventive efficacy of PopuCATH. PopuCATH did not directly act as chemoattractant for phagocytes, but PopuCATH obviously drove phagocyte migration when it was cultured with macrophages. PopuCATH significantly elicited chemokine/cytokine production in macrophages through activating p38/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB p65. PopuCATH markedly enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis via promoting the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Additionally, PopuCATH showed low side effects both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, PopuCATH acts as a host-based immune defense regulator that provides prophylactic efficacy against bacterial infection without direct antimicrobial effects. Our findings reveal a non-bactericidal cathelicidin which possesses unique anti-bacterial action, and highlight the potential of PopuCATH to prevent bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiao Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lixian Mu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Li Hui
- The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hailong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Matthyssen T, Li W, Holden JA, Lenzo JC, Hadjigol S, O’Brien-Simpson NM. The Potential of Modified and Multimeric Antimicrobial Peptide Materials as Superbug Killers. Front Chem 2022; 9:795433. [PMID: 35083194 PMCID: PMC8785218 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.795433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found in nearly all living organisms, show broad spectrum antibacterial activity, and can modulate the immune system. Furthermore, they have a very low level of resistance induction in bacteria, which makes them an ideal target for drug development and for targeting multi-drug resistant bacteria 'Superbugs'. Despite this promise, AMP therapeutic use is hampered as typically they are toxic to mammalian cells, less active under physiological conditions and are susceptible to proteolytic degradation. Research has focused on addressing these limitations by modifying natural AMP sequences by including e.g., d-amino acids and N-terminal and amino acid side chain modifications to alter structure, hydrophobicity, amphipathicity, and charge of the AMP to improve antimicrobial activity and specificity and at the same time reduce mammalian cell toxicity. Recently, multimerisation (dimers, oligomer conjugates, dendrimers, polymers and self-assembly) of natural and modified AMPs has further been used to address these limitations and has created compounds that have improved activity and biocompatibility compared to their linear counterparts. This review investigates how modifying and multimerising AMPs impacts their activity against bacteria in planktonic and biofilm states of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Matthyssen
- ACTV Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, Royal Dental Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wenyi Li
- ACTV Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, Royal Dental Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James A. Holden
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Dental School, Royal Dental Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason C. Lenzo
- Centre for Oral Health Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Dental School, Royal Dental Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Hadjigol
- ACTV Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, Royal Dental Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- ACTV Research Group, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Dental School, Centre for Oral Health Research, Royal Dental Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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44
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A Review of Antimicrobial Peptides: Its Function, Mode of Action and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-021-10325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Zhu Y, Hao W, Wang X, Ouyang J, Deng X, Yu H, Wang Y. Antimicrobial peptides, conventional antibiotics, and their synergistic utility for the treatment of drug-resistant infections. Med Res Rev 2022; 42:1377-1422. [PMID: 34984699 DOI: 10.1002/med.21879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also known as host defense peptides (HDPs), are important effector immune defense molecules in multicellular organisms. AMPs exert their antimicrobial activities through several mechanisms; thus far, induction of drug resistance through AMPs has been regarded as unlikely. Therefore, they have great potential as new generation antimicrobial agents. To date, more than 30 AMP-related drugs are in the clinical trial phase. In recent years, studies show that some AMPs and conventional antibiotics have synergistic effects. The combined use of AMPs and antibiotics can kill drug-resistant pathogens, prevent drug resistance, and significantly improve the therapeutic effects of antibiotics. In this review, we discuss the progress in synergistic studies on AMPs and conventional antibiotics. An overview of the current understanding of the functional scope of AMPs, ongoing clinical trials, and challenges in the development processes are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijing Hao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Ouyang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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46
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Sahoo J, De M. Gram-Selective Antibacterial Activity of Mixed-Charge 2D-MoS2. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4588-4594. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of nanomaterial-based antibiotics can be the most potent alternative due to the increasing resistance against conventional antibiotics. But one of the important parameters in development of antibacterial agent is...
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47
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Kalelkar PP, Riddick M, García AJ. Biomaterial-based delivery of antimicrobial therapies for the treatment of bacterial infections. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:39-54. [PMID: 35330939 PMCID: PMC8938918 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including strains that are resistant to last-resort antibiotics, and the limited ability of antibiotics to eradicate biofilms, have necessitated the development of alternative antibacterial therapeutics. Antibacterial biomaterials, such as polycationic polymers, and biomaterial-assisted delivery of non-antibiotic therapeutics, such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides and antimicrobial enzymes, have improved our ability to treat antibiotic-resistant and recurring infections. Biomaterials not only allow targeted delivery of multiple agents, but also sustained release at the infection site, thereby reducing potential systemic adverse effects. In this Review, we discuss biomaterial-based non-antibiotic antibacterial therapies for the treatment of community- and hospital-acquired infectious diseases, with a focus in in vivo results. We highlight the translational potential of different biomaterial-based strategies, and provide a perspective on the challenges associated with their clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the future scope of biomaterial-assisted antibacterial therapies. WEB SUMMARY The development of antibiotic tolerance and resistance has demanded the search for alternative antibacterial therapies. This Review discusses antibacterial biomaterials and biomaterial-assisted delivery of non-antibiotic therapeutics for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases, with a focus on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav P. Kalelkar
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Milan Riddick
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J. García
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Nicolas M, Beito B, Oliveira M, Tudela Martins M, Gallas B, Salmain M, Boujday S, Humblot V. Strategies for Antimicrobial Peptides Immobilization on Surfaces to Prevent Biofilm Growth on Biomedical Devices. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:13. [PMID: 35052891 PMCID: PMC8772980 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial and medical device-induced biofilm infections affect millions of lives and urgently require innovative preventive approaches. These pathologies have led to the development of numerous antimicrobial strategies, an emergent topic involving both natural and synthetic routes, among which some are currently under testing for clinical approval and use. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are ideal candidates for this fight. Therefore, the strategies involving surface functionalization with AMPs to prevent bacterial attachment/biofilms formation have experienced a tremendous development over the last decade. In this review, we describe the different mechanisms of action by which AMPs prevent bacterial adhesion and/or biofilm formation to better address their potential as anti-infective agents. We additionally analyze AMP immobilization techniques on a variety of materials, with a focus on biomedical applications. Furthermore, we summarize the advances made to date regarding the immobilization strategies of AMPs on various surfaces and their ability to prevent the adhesion of various microorganisms. Progress toward the clinical approval of AMPs in antibiotherapy is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Nicolas
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Sorbonne Université, Institute of Nanosciences Paris (INSP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Bruno Beito
- Sorbonne Université, Master de Chimie, Profil MatNanoBio, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie of Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (B.B.); (M.O.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Marta Oliveira
- Sorbonne Université, Master de Chimie, Profil MatNanoBio, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie of Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (B.B.); (M.O.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Maria Tudela Martins
- Sorbonne Université, Master de Chimie, Profil MatNanoBio, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie of Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France; (B.B.); (M.O.); (M.T.M.)
| | - Bruno Gallas
- Sorbonne Université, Institute of Nanosciences Paris (INSP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Michèle Salmain
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Souhir Boujday
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
| | - Vincent Humblot
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7197, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France;
- Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique Thermique et Optique-Sciences et Technologies (FEMTO-ST) Institute, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 6174, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 15B Avenue des Montboucons, F-25030 Besançon, France
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Tayeferad M, Boddohi S, Bakhshi B. Dual-responsive nisin loaded chondroitin sulfate nanogel for treatment of bacterial infection in soft tissues. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:166-172. [PMID: 34688678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate-Nisin nanogels (CS-N NGs) were prepared by electrostatic interaction for nisin delivery as an antibacterial agent in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by some clinical strains of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The physical properties of CS-N NGs were evaluated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The average diameter of obtained CS-N NGs was about 65 nm and the stability of nanogels was assessed by zeta potential measurement. Enzyme and pH-responsibility of CS-N NGs due to the presence of susceptible bonds in chondroitin sulfate resulted in effective and controlled release of nisin in the simulated infectious medium. Also, the ability of prepared CS-N NGs for eradicating clinical methicillin resistance S. aureus strain was confirmed by Broth Microdilution Method (BMD) and the cytotoxicity analysis was carried out on Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDF) cells by MTT assay method. Based on the results, this versatile drug carrier could efficiently deliver the cationic antimicrobial peptides as a natural antibiotic for growth inhibition of methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains and further destroying the bacteria in the treatment of subcutaneous infections caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Tayeferad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Boddohi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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50
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Velayutham M, Guru A, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Choi KC, Elumalai P, Harikrishnan R, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. GR15 peptide of S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMe) from Arthrospira platensis demonstrated antioxidant mechanism against H 2O 2 induced oxidative stress in in-vitro MDCK cells and in-vivo zebrafish larvae model. J Biotechnol 2021; 342:79-91. [PMID: 34751134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
GR15 is a short molecule or peptide composed of aliphatic amino acids and possesses to have antioxidant properties. The GR15, 1GGGAFSGKDPTKVDR15 was identified from the protein S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMe) expressed during the sulfur departed state of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina or cyanobacteria). The in-silico assessment and the structural features of GR15 showed its antioxidant potency. Real-time PCR analysis found the up-regulation of ApSAMe expression on day 15 against oxidative stress due to 10 mM H2O2 treatment in A. platensis (Ap). The antioxidant activity of GR15 was accessed by the cell-free antioxidant assays such as ABTS, SARS, HRAS and NO; the results showed dose-dependent antioxidant activity. The toxicity assay was performed in both in vitro and in vivo models, in which peptide does not exhibit any toxicity in MDCK cell and zebrafish embryos. The intercellular ROS reduction potential of GR15 peptide was also investigated in both in vitro and in vivo models including LDH assay, antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), and fluorescent staining assay (DCFDA, Hochest and Acridine orange sting) was performed; the results showed that the GR15 peptide was effectively reduced the ROS level. Further, RT-PCR demonstrated that GR15 enhanced the antioxidant property and also up-regulated the antioxidant gene, thus reduced the ROS level in both in vitro and in vivo models. Based on the results obtained from this study, we propose that GR15 has the potential antioxidant ability; hence further research can be directed towards the therapeutic product or drug development against disease caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Velayutham
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- Department of Fish Processing Technology (Biochemistry), School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi 682 506, Kerala, India
| | - Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia; Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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