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Li P, Li Z, Sun Q, Zhang W, Huang X, Si M, Du X, Wang S. Protective effect and mechanism of Lycium ruthenicum Murray anthocyanins against retinal damage induced by blue light exposure. J Food Sci 2024; 89:5113-5129. [PMID: 38992868 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Lycium ruthenicum Murray (LR) is a medicine and edible plant in Northwest China, and L. ruthenicum Murray anthocyanins (LRA) are green antioxidants with various pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the protective effect and mechanism of LRA against retinal damage induced by blue light exposure are poorly understood. This study explored the protective effects and potential mechanisms of LRA on retinal damage induced by blue light exposure in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that LRA could ameliorate oxidative stress injury by activating the antioxidant stress nuclear factor-related factor 2 pathway, promoting the expression of phase II detoxification enzymes (HO-1, NQO1) and endogenous antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase), and reducing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, LRA could inhibit inflammatory response by decreasing the expression of blue light exposure-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway-related proteins (NF-κB and p-IκBα), as well as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β pro-inflammatory factors and pro-inflammatory chemokine VEGF, and increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. Furthermore, LRA could ameliorate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 and downregulating Bax and Caspase-3 protein expression. All these results indicate that LRA can be used as an antioxidant dietary supplement for the treatment or prevention of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qixiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xine Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Mohan Si
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, College of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Duan H, Wang D, Zheng Y, Zhou Y, Yan W. The powerful antioxidant effects of plant fruits, flowers, and leaves help to improve retinal damage and support the relief of visual fatigue. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34299. [PMID: 39113954 PMCID: PMC11305225 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
With the popularization of electronic products, visual fatigue is inevitably frequent. The causes of visual fatigue are varied, but from the perspective of physiological mechanisms, it is mainly closely related to retinal function or structural damage, especially the light source from various mobile devices and office equipments nowadays, which induces oxidative stress damage in the retina and exacerbates the degree of visual fatigue, resulting in the inability to use the eyes for a long period of time, pain in the eyes and periorbital area, blurred vision, dry eyes, tearing, and other discomforts. Food ingredients derived from natural plants have greater application in relieving visual fatigue. Therefore, this paper presents a detailed compilation of six plants that are widely used for their visual fatigue-relieving function, in the hope of providing more raw material choices for the development of products with visual fatigue-relieving functions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Duan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Diandian Wang
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaxi Zhou
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100023, China
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Basyal D, Lee S, Kim HJ. Antioxidants and Mechanistic Insights for Managing Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:568. [PMID: 38790673 PMCID: PMC11117704 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) severely affects central vision due to progressive macular degeneration and its staggering prevalence is rising globally, especially in the elderly population above 55 years. Increased oxidative stress with aging is considered an important contributor to AMD pathogenesis despite multifaceted risk factors including genetic predisposition and environmental agents. Wet AMD can be managed with routine intra-vitreal injection of angiogenesis inhibitors, but no satisfactory medicine has been approved for the successful management of the dry form. The toxic carbonyls due to photo-oxidative degradation of accumulated bisretinoids within lysosomes initiate a series of events including protein adduct formation, impaired autophagy flux, complement activation, and chronic inflammation, which is implicated in dry AMD. Therapy based on antioxidants has been extensively studied for its promising effect in reducing the impact of oxidative stress. This paper reviews the dry AMD pathogenesis, delineates the effectiveness of dietary and nutrition supplements in clinical studies, and explores pre-clinical studies of antioxidant molecules, extracts, and formulations with their mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hye Jin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Dauge 42601, Republic of Korea
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Wang K, Chen Y, Zhu X, Zou W, Zhou F. Ginkgo biloba Extract Attenuates Light-Induced Photoreceptor Degeneration by Modulating CAV-1—Redoxosome Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071268. [PMID: 35883759 PMCID: PMC9311990 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical potential of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) in the prevention and/or treatment of retinal degenerative diseases has been widely explored; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Photoreceptor degeneration is the hallmark of retinal degenerative diseases and leads to vision impairment or loss. In this study, the effect of GBE against white light (WL) illumination-induced photoreceptor degeneration was investigated, as well as its underlying mechanism. To evaluate the in vitro activity of GBE, analysis of cell viability, cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, NOX (NADH oxidase) activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as well as Western blotting and transcriptome sequencing and analysis, were conducted. To evaluate the in vivo activity of GBE, HE staining, electroretinography (ERG), Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunofluorescence analysis were conducted. Our study showed that GBE treatment significantly attenuated WL illumination-induced oxidative damage in photoreceptor 661W cells—a finding that was also verified in C57BL/6J mice. Further molecular study revealed that WL illumination downregulated caveolin-1 (CAV-1) expression, interrupted CAV-1-NOX2 interaction, re-located NOX2 from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm and induced the formation of redoxosomes, which led to cell death. However, these cytotoxic events were significantly alleviated by GBE treatment. Interestingly, CAV-1 overexpression showed a consistent protective effect with GBE, while CAV-1 silencing impacted the protective effect of GBE against WL illumination-induced oxidative damage in in vitro and in vivo models. Thus, GBE was identified to prevent photoreceptor cell death due to CAV-1-dependent redoxosome activation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from WL illumination. Overall, our study reveals the protective effect of GBE on photoreceptors against WL illumination-induced oxidative damage in in vitro and in vivo models, which effect is mediated through the modulation of CAV-1-redoxosome signaling. Our findings contribute to better understanding the therapeutic effect of GBE in preventing photoreceptor degeneration in retinal degenerative diseases, and GBE may become a novel therapeutic agent that is effective in reducing the morbidity of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-8551-4482 (K.W.)
| | - Yuan Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xue Zhu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China; (Y.C.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Correspondence: (K.W.); (W.Z.); Tel.: +86-510-8551-4482 (K.W.)
| | - Fanfan Zhou
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
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Preparation of Monascus-fermented ginkgo seeds: optimization of fermentation parameters and evaluation of bioactivity. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:721-730. [PMID: 35646409 PMCID: PMC9133274 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01078-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a high monacolin K yield was achieved through solid-state fermentation of Ginkgo biloba seeds. Monascus purpureus suspension made from red yeast rice was used as spore inoculum. Fermentation conditions in solid-state fermentation were optimized using response surface methodology, and the optimal conditions for the maximum monacolin K yield (17.71 ± 1.57 mg/g) were 0.22% ammonium sulfate, 0.34% ammonium chloride, 0.05% magnesium sulfate, fermentation time of 12 days, inoculation volume of 11%, and temperature of 27 °C. The total phenolic content of Monascus-fermented ginkgo seeds attained 9.67 mg GAE/g, 4.88-fold higher than that of unfermented ginkgo seeds. The scavenging abilities of DPPH and ABTS free radicals increased to 9.79 mg TE/g and 13.92 mg TE/g, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of investigating the optimal fermentation conditions for maximum monacolin K yield and the utilization value of ginkgo seed as fermentation substrate for higher bioactivities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-022-01078-z.
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Dammak A, Huete-Toral F, Carpena-Torres C, Martin-Gil A, Pastrana C, Carracedo G. From Oxidative Stress to Inflammation in the Posterior Ocular Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1376. [PMID: 34575451 PMCID: PMC8467715 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most irreversible blindness observed with glaucoma and retina-related ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, have their origin in the posterior segment of the eye, making their physiopathology both complex and interconnected. In addition to the age factor, these diseases share the same mechanism disorder based essentially on oxidative stress. In this context, the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly by mitochondria and their elimination by protective mechanisms leads to chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress and inflammation share a close pathophysiological process, appearing simultaneously and suggesting a relationship between both mechanisms. The biochemical end point of these two biological alarming systems is the release of different biomarkers that can be used in the diagnosis. Furthermore, oxidative stress, initiating in the vulnerable tissue of the posterior segment, is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, autophagy dysfunction, and inflammation, which are involved in each disease progression. In this review, we have analyzed (1) the oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the back of the eye, (2) the importance of biomarkers, detected in systemic or ocular fluids, for the diagnosis of eye diseases based on recent studies, and (3) the treatment of posterior ocular diseases, based on long-term clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Dammak
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Fernando Huete-Toral
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlos Carpena-Torres
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Alba Martin-Gil
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristina Pastrana
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
| | - Gonzalo Carracedo
- Ocupharm Group Research, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain; (A.D.); (F.H.-T.); (C.C.-T.); (A.M.-G.); (C.P.)
- Department of Optometry and Vsiion, Faculty of Optic and Optometry, University Complutense of Madrid, C/Arcos del Jalon 118, 28037 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Labkovich M, Jacobs EB, Bhargava S, Pasquale LR, Ritch R. Ginkgo Biloba Extract in Ophthalmic and Systemic Disease, With a Focus on Normal-Tension Glaucoma. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2020; 9:215-225. [PMID: 32282348 PMCID: PMC7299225 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative eye disease that results in retinal ganglion cell loss and ultimately loss of vision. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most common known risk factor for retinal ganglion cell damage and visual field loss, and the only modifiable risk factor proven to reduce the development and progression of glaucoma. This has greatly influenced our approach and assessment in terms of diagnosis and treatment. However, as many as ≥50% of patients with progressive vision loss from primary open angle glaucoma without IOP elevation (≤22 mm Hg) have been reported in the United States and Canada; 90% in Japan and 80% in Korea. Extensive research is currently underway to identify the etiology of risk factors for glaucoma other than or in addition to elevated IOP (so-called "normal-tension" glaucoma; NTG) and use this knowledge to expand available treatment options. Currently, Food and Drug Administration-approved medications for glaucoma exclusively target elevated IOP, suggesting the need for additional approaches to treatment options beyond the current scope as the definition of glaucoma changes to encompass cellular and molecular mechanisms. This review focuses on alternative medical approaches, specifically Ginkgo Biloba extract, as a potential treatment option for normal-tension glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Labkovich
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Erica B. Jacobs
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Siddharth Bhargava
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Louis R. Pasquale
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Vision Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Robert Ritch
- Einhorn Clinical Research Center, New York Eye and Ear Infirmary of Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Yeh PT, Chen YJ, Lin NC, Yeh AI, Yang CH. The Ocular Protective Effects of Nano/Submicron Particles Prepared from Lycium barbarum Fruits Against Oxidative Stress in an Animal Model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2020; 36:179-189. [PMID: 31951153 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2019.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the antioxidative properties of Lycium barbarum (LB) fruits in the eyes and to study whether LB fruits prepared with new nanotechnology have stronger antioxidative effects. Methods: Fourteen days post-supplementation with milled or blended LB fruits, intravitreal paraquat (PQ) was injected into Wistar rats to create oxidative stress. After an additional 14-day supplementation with LB fruits, the rats were sacrificed. An electroretinogram (ERG) was performed to evaluate retinal function before and after the PQ injection. Expression levels of antioxidative responders' mRNA in retina were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase activity in the aqueous humor (AqH) were analyzed by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was conducted to evaluate the morphological changes of retina and the levels of oxidative biomarkers. The levels of cell apoptosis were assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in AqH were measured by chemiluminescence methods. Results: The murine eyes supplemented with LB fruits exhibited several changes compared with the control group. The ERGs revealed significant improvement in retinal function. The mRNA expression levels of oxidative responders were downregulated in the retinas. The ROS was significantly reduced in the retinas, but the SOD meaningfully increased in the AqH. Immunohistochemistry staining and TUNEL assays showed decreased incidences of oxidative biomarkers and apoptosis in the retinas. Milled LB fruits exhibited better antioxidative effects than blended fruits. Conclusions: Milled LB fruits demonstrated superior protection against oxidative threats than blended fruits. Thus, these fruits could be an inexpensive supplement for many oxidative stress-related ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ting Yeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ju Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nien-Chen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-I Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Baksheeva VE, Tiulina VV, Tikhomirova NK, Gancharova OS, Komarov SV, Philippov PP, Zamyatnin AA, Senin II, Zernii EY. Suppression of Light-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Retina by Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 8:E3. [PMID: 30577635 PMCID: PMC6356525 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-induced oxidation of lipids and proteins provokes retinal injuries and results in progression of degenerative retinal diseases, such as, for instance, iatrogenic photic maculopathies. Having accumulated over years retinal injuries contribute to development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Antioxidant treatment is regarded as a promising approach to protecting the retina from light damage and AMD. Here, we examine oxidative processes induced in rabbit retina by excessive light illumination with or without premedication using mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (10-(6'-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenyl-phosphonium). The retinal extracts obtained from animals euthanized within 1⁻7 days post exposure were analyzed for H₂O₂, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant activity (AOA), and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) using colorimetric and luminescence assays. Oxidation of visual arrestin was monitored by immunoblotting. The light exposure induced lipid peroxidation and H₂O₂ accumulation in the retinal cells. Unexpectedly, it prominently upregulated AOA in retinal extracts although SOD and GPx activities were compromised. These alterations were accompanied by accumulation of disulfide dimers of arrestin revealing oxidative stress in the photoreceptors. Premedication of the eyes with SkQ1 accelerated normalization of H₂O₂ levels and redox-status of lipids and proteins, contemporarily enhancing AOA and, likely, sustaining normal activity of GPx. Thus, SkQ1 protects the retina from light-induced oxidative stress and could be employed to suppress oxidative damage of proteins and lipids contributing to AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia E Baksheeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Veronika V Tiulina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Natalia K Tikhomirova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Olga S Gancharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Komarov
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Domestic, Laboratory and Exotic Animals, Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow 109472, Russia.
| | - Pavel P Philippov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
| | - Ivan I Senin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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Liu Y, Liu M, Chen Q, Liu GM, Cao MJ, Sun L, Lu Z, Guo C. Blueberry Polyphenols Ameliorate Visible Light and Lipid-Induced Injury of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12730-12740. [PMID: 30411897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although dietary polyphenols are known to be beneficial to vision, the protective distinctions among different types of polyphenols are unclear. In this work, the visual benefits of various blueberry polyphenols were evaluated using an in vitro model of visible light-lipid-induced injury of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Results showed that, at 10.0 μg/mL, the phenolic acid-rich fraction was superior in inhibiting cell death (93.6% ± 2.8% of cell viability). Anthocyanin- and flavonoid-rich fractions shared similar advantages in preventing the expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (34.8% ± 11.1% and 32.2% ± 9.7% of aged cells, respectively) and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (51.8 ± 3.5 and 54.1 ± 6.5 pg/mL, respectively). The flavonoid-rich fraction also showed high activity in ameliorating phagocytosis (70.3% ± 12.6%) and cellular oxidative stress. These results were further confirmed by using the corresponding polyphenol standards. Improved inhibitory effects of polyphenol mixture on cell death and senescence-associated β-galactosidase expression were also observed. Therefore, various polyphenols play diverse roles and exert synergistic effects in nourishing the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing 100037 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchou Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Ming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Jie Cao
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Lechang Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Functional Food , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Lu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Caihua Guo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering , Jimei University , Xiamen 361021 , Fujian People's Republic of China
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Chang CH, Chiu HF, Han YC, Chen IH, Shen YC, Venkatakrishnan K, Wang CK. Photoprotective effects of cranberry juice and its various fractions against blue light-induced impairment in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:571-580. [PMID: 27937080 PMCID: PMC6130735 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1263344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cranberry has numerous biological activities, including antioxidation, anticancer, cardioprotection, as well as treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI), attributed to abundant phenolic contents. OBJECTIVE The current study focused on the effect of cranberry juice (CJ) on blue light exposed human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells which mimic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Preliminary phytochemical and HPLC analysis, as well as total antioxidant capacity and scavenging activity of cranberry ethyl acetate extract and different CJ fractions (condensed tannins containing fraction), were evaluated. In cell line model, ARPE-19 were irradiated with blue light at 450 nm wavelength for 10 h (mimic AMD) and treated with different fractions of CJ extract at different doses (5-50 μg/mL) by assessing the cell viability or proliferation rate using MTT assay (repairing efficacy). RESULTS Phytochemical and HPLC analysis reveals the presence of several phenolic compounds (flavonoids, proanthocyanidin, quercetin) in ethyl acetate extract and different fractions of CJ. However, the condensed tannin containing fraction of ethyl acetate extract of CJ displayed the greater (p < 0.05) scavenging activity especially at the dose of 1 mg/mL. Similarly, the condensed tannin containing fraction at 50 μg/mL presented better (p < 0.05) repairing ability (increased cell viability). Furthermore, the oligomeric condensed tannin containing fraction display the best (p < 0.05) repairing efficiency at 50 μg/mL. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study distinctly proved that condensed tannin containing fraction of CJ probably exhibits better free radicals scavenging activity and thereby effectively protected the ARPE-19 cells and thus, hampers the progress of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Huang Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Well-being, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chun Han
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hsien Chen
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - You-Cheng Shen
- School of Health Diet and Industry Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Xie ZG, Wu XW, Zhuang CR, Chen F, Wang Z, Wang YK, Hua X. [Protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on morphology and function of retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve transection in guinea pigs]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 7:940-6. [PMID: 19828104 DOI: 10.3736/jcim20091006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on the morphology and function of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in guinea pigs with optic nerve transection. METHODS Seventy-five albino guinea pigs were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, sham-operated group, untreated group, normal saline group and EGb 761 group. No operation was performed in the normal control group. Optic nerve was merely exposed in the sham-operated group, but transected at 1.0 mm from posterior pole of the eye ball in the untreated, normal saline and EGb 761 groups. Guinea pigs in the EGb 761 group or the normal saline group received daily intraperitoneal injection of EGb 761 (100 mg/kg) or corresponding volume of normal saline from 7 days before experiment to 28 days after experiment. Three guinea pigs in each group were sacrificed for apoptosis assay (TUNEL method) of RGC. Pattern electoretinograms (PERGs) were recorded 14 and 28 days after transection, respectively. At the end of the examination, six guinea pigs were killed for histological examination and RGC count. RESULTS No TUNEL-positive cells were observed in the normal control, sham-operated and EGb 761 groups, but there were TUNEL-positive cells in the untreated group and the normal saline group. The numbers of RGCs in the untreated and normal saline groups were less than those in the normal control and sham-operated groups at 14 days or 28 days (P<0.05). Although the number of RGCs in the EGb 761 group was less than those in the normal control and sham-operated groups (P<0.05), it was more than those in the untreated and normal saline groups (P<0.05). N(95) amplitude in EGb 761 group was higher than those in the untreated and normal saline groups (P<0.05) and close to those in the normal control and sham-operated groups (P>0.05) at 14 days or 28 days. The number of RGCs was positive correlated to N(95) amplitude (r=0.859, P=0.001 5). CONCLUSION EGb 761 can inhibit the apoptosis of RGCs in guinea pigs after optic nerve transection, thus protect the morphology and function of RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-gao Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Liu Y, Liu M, Zhang X, Chen Q, Chen H, Sun L, Liu G. Protective Effect of Fucoxanthin Isolated from Laminaria japonica against Visible Light-Induced Retinal Damage Both in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:416-24. [PMID: 26708928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With increasingly serious eye exposure to light stresses, such as light-emitting diodes, computers, and widescreen mobile phones, efficient natural compounds for preventing visible light-induced retinal damages are becoming compelling needs in the modern society. Fucoxanthin, as the main light absorption system in marine algae, may possess an outstanding bioactivity in vision protection because of its filtration of blue light and excellent antioxidative activity. In this work, both in vitro and in vivo simulated visible light-induced retinal damage models were employed. The in vitro results revealed that fucoxanthin exhibited better bioactivities than lutein, zeaxanthin, and blueberry anthocyanins in inhibiting overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor, resisting senescence, improving phagocytic function, and clearing intracellular reactive oxygen species in retinal pigment epithelium cells. The in vivo experiment also confirmed the superiority of fucoxanthin than lutein in protecting retina against photoinduced damage. This excellent bioactivity may be attributed to its unique structural features, including allenic, epoxide, and acetyl groups. Fucoxanthin is expected to be an important ocular nutrient in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, and ‡Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, and ‡Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichun Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, and ‡Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchou Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, and ‡Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixiu Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, and ‡Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Lechang Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, and ‡Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, and ‡Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Huang F, Zhao L, Zhang D, Wang O, Guo X, Lu F, Yang X, Ji B, Deng Q. Protective Effect of Total Flavones from Hippophae rhamnoides L. against Visible Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Pigmented Rabbits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:161-170. [PMID: 26653970 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) flavones have been used as candidate functional food ingredients because of their bioactivities, such as treating cardiovascular disorders, lowering plasma cholesterol level, and regulating immune function. However, the protective effects of sea buckthorn flavones against retinal degeneration remain unclear to date. This study investigated the protective effects of total flavones from H. rhamnoides (TFH) against visible light-induced retinal damage and explored the related mechanisms in pigmented rabbits. Rabbits were treated with TFH (250 and 500 mg/kg) for 2 weeks pre-illumination and 1 week post-illumination until sacrifice. Retinal function was quantified by performing electroretinography 1 day before and 1, 3, and 7 days after light exposure (18000 lx for 2 h). Retinal degeneration was evaluated by measuring the thickness of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and performing the TUNEL assay 7 days after light exposure. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms of TFH during visible light-induced retinal degeneration. Light exposure produced a degenerative effect primarily on the ONL, inner nuclear layer (INL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL). TFH significantly attenuated the destruction of electroretinograms caused by light damage, maintained ONL thickness, and decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the INL and GCL. TFH ameliorated the retinal oxidative stress (GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, and MDA), inflammation (IL-1β and IL-6), angiogenesis (VEGF), and apoptosis (Bax, Bcl2, and caspase-3) induced by light exposure. Therefore, TFH exhibited protective effects against light-induced retinal degeneration by increasing the antioxidant defense mechanisms, suppressing pro-inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines, and inhibiting retinal cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ou Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition , Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Hu J, Liu G, Chen J, Sun L, Jiang Z, Zhang X, Chen Q, Ji B. Visible Light-Induced Lipid Peroxidation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids in the Retina and the Inhibitory Effects of Blueberry Polyphenols. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9295-9305. [PMID: 26456696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in the retina not only threatens visual cells but also affects the physiological health of the retina. In this work, the potential damages caused by daily visible light exposure on retinal UFAs were evaluated via a simulated in vitro model. At the same time, the benefits of dietary supplementation of blueberries to the eyes were also assessed. After prolonged light exposure, lipid peroxidation occurred for both docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acids (DHA and AA, respectively). The oxidized UFAs presented obvious cytotoxicity and significantly inhibited cell growth in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Among the different blueberry polyphenol fractions, the flavonoid-rich fraction, in which quercetin was discovered as the main component, was considerably better in preventing visible light-induced DHA lipid peroxidation than the anthocyanin- and phenolic acid-rich fractions. Then the retinal protective activity of blueberry polyphenols against light-induced retinal injury was confirmed in vivo. On the basis of the above results, inhibiting lipid peroxidation of UFAs in the retina is proposed to be another important function mechanism for antioxidants to nourish eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimei Hu
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Lechang Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xichun Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchou Chen
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University , Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Ji
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University , Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Ramchani-Ben Othman K, Cercy C, Amri M, Doly M, Ranchon-Cole I. Dietary supplement enriched in antioxidants and omega-3 protects from progressive light-induced retinal degeneration. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128395. [PMID: 26042773 PMCID: PMC4455991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we have evaluated one of the dietary supplements enriched with antioxidants and fish oil used in clinical care for patient with age-related macular degeneration. Rats were orally fed by a gastric canula daily with 0.2 ml of water or dietary supplement until they were sacrificed. After one week of treatment, animals were either sacrificed for lipid analysis in plasma and retina, or used for evaluation of rod-response recovery by electroretinography (ERG) followed by their sacrifice to measure rhodopsin content, or used for progressive light-induced retinal degeneration (PLIRD). For PLIRD, animals were transferred to bright cyclic light for one week. Retinal damage was quantified by ERG, histology and detection of apoptotic nuclei. Animals kept in dim-cyclic-light were processed in parallel. PLIRD induced a thinning of the outer nuclear layer and a reduction of the b-wave amplitude of the ERG in the water group. Retinal structure and function were preserved in supplemented animals. Supplement induced a significant increase in omega-3 fatty acids in plasma by 168% for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 142% for docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and 19% for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and a decrease in the omega-6 fatty acids, DPA by 28%. In the retina, supplement induced significant reduction of linolenic acid by 67% and an increase in EPA and DPA by 80% and 72%, respectively, associated with significant decrease in omega-6 DPA by 42%. Supplement did not affect rhodopsin content or rod-response recovery. The present data indicate that supplement rapidly modified the fatty acid content and induced an accumulation of EPA in the retina without affecting rhodopsin content or recovery. In addition, it protected the retina from oxidative stress induced by light. Therefore, this supplement might be beneficial to slow down progression of certain retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Ramchani-Ben Othman
- Université Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Inserm UMR 1107, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tunis El Manar University, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, UR/11ES09, El Manar 1, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Christine Cercy
- Université Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Inserm UMR 1107, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tunis El Manar University, Laboratory of Functional Neurophysiology and Pathology, UR/11ES09, El Manar 1, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Michel Doly
- Université Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Inserm UMR 1107, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Isabelle Ranchon-Cole
- Université Auvergne, UFR Pharmacie, Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Inserm UMR 1107, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- * E-mail:
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Lu B, Wu X. The Protective Effect of Compound Danshen Dripping Pills on Oxidative Stress after Retinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Chin Med 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/cm.2015.62010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Cuenca N, Fernández-Sánchez L, Campello L, Maneu V, De la Villa P, Lax P, Pinilla I. Cellular responses following retinal injuries and therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2014; 43:17-75. [PMID: 25038518 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and pathogenesis. However, at the cellular and molecular level, the response to retinal injury is similar in all of them, and results in morphological and functional impairment of retinal cells. This retinal degeneration may be triggered by gene defects, increased intraocular pressure, high levels of blood glucose, other types of stress or aging, but they all frequently induce a set of cell signals that lead to well-established and similar morphological and functional changes, including controlled cell death and retinal remodeling. Interestingly, an inflammatory response, oxidative stress and activation of apoptotic pathways are common features in all these diseases. Furthermore, it is important to note the relevant role of glial cells, including astrocytes, Müller cells and microglia, because their response to injury is decisive for maintaining the health of the retina or its degeneration. Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to preserve retinal function or restore eyesight in pathological conditions. In this context, neuroprotective compounds, gene therapy, cell transplantation or artificial devices should be applied at the appropriate stage of retinal degeneration to obtain successful results. This review provides an overview of the common and distinctive features of retinal neurodegenerative diseases, including the molecular, anatomical and functional changes caused by the cellular response to damage, in order to establish appropriate treatments for these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies "Ramon Margalef", University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Laura Fernández-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Campello
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Maneu
- Department of Optics, Pharmacology and Anatomy, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pedro De la Villa
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Pedro Lax
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, Aragon Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain
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Falsini B, Bush RA, Sieving PA. Neuroprotection. Retina 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tremblay F, Waterhouse J, Nason J, Kalt W. Prophylactic neuroprotection by blueberry-enriched diet in a rat model of light-induced retinopathy. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 24:647-55. [PMID: 22832077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of anthocyanins is controversial in vision health. This study investigates the impact of a blueberry-enriched diet as neuroprotectant in a rat model of light-induced retinopathy. Thirty-eight albino Wistar rats and 25 pigmented Brown-Norway rats were fed by gavage with long (7 weeks) and short (2 weeks) intervention with fortified blueberry juice (1 ml; 2.8 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents) or with a placebo solution (7 weeks) that contained the abundant nonanthocyanin blueberry phenolic, namely, chlorogenic acid, before being submitted to 2 hours of intense light regimen (1.8×10(4) lux). Retinal health was measured by fitting electroretinogram responses with the Naka-Rushton equation. The light-induced retinal damage was severe in the placebo groups, with the maximum amplitude of the electroretinogram being significantly reduced in both Wistar and Brown-Norway rats. The maximum amplitude of the electroretinogram was significantly protected from the light insult in the Wistar rats supplemented with blueberry juice for 7 or 2 weeks, and there was no significant difference between these two groups. The same dietary intervention in the Brown-Norway groups failed to protect the retina. Histological examination of retinal section confirmed the electroretinography results, showing protection of the outer nuclear layer of the retina in the Wistar rats fed with blueberries, while all placebo-fed rats and blueberry-fed Brown-Norway rats showed evidence of retinal damage concentrated in the superior hemiretina. The neuroprotective potential of anthocyanins in this particular model is discussed in terms of interaction with rhodopsin/phototransduction and in terms of antioxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Tremblay
- Dalhousie University, Department Physiology & Biophysics, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Zhang Z, Qin X, Zhao X, Tong N, Gong Y, Zhang W, Wu X. Valproic acid regulates antioxidant enzymes and prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury in the rat retina. Curr Eye Res 2012; 37:429-37. [PMID: 22458760 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2011.653616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES To investigate whether valproic acid (VPA) has a neuroprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat retina, and to elucidate the potential antioxidant mechanisms involved. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham (group A), sham plus VPA (group B), I/R plus vehicle (group C), and I/R plus VPA (group D). Retinal I/R injury was produced by inducing an exceedingly high intraocular pressure (IOP). Prior to insult, VPA was administered subcutaneously (300 mg/kg twice daily) for 7 days, after which the animal was sacrificed. Levels of retinal malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were determined. Protein expressions of retinal poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) and nitrotyrosine (NT) were analyzed by Western blotting 24 h after injury. Apoptosis of retinal cells was evaluated 24 h after I/R injury by immunofluorescence of activated caspase-3 in histological sections of retina. Seven days after reperfusion, electroretinography (ERG) was performed, and retinal histological changes were examined by light microscopy. RESULTS Following ischemia, the thickness of the entire retina, including the inner nuclear layer (INL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL), as well as the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) were significantly greater in group D than in group C (p < 0.05). VPA suppressed I/R-induced reductions in ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes (p < 0.05). VPA attenuated I/R-induced activation of caspase-3 in ganglion cells and INL cells (p < 0.001). VPA significantly decreased MDA levels and increased activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT in group D (p < 0.05). VPA attenuated activation of PAR and accumulation of NT in the retina after I/R (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS VPA protects the retina from I/R injury by enhancing anti-oxidative effects and inhibiting apoptosis of retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhenZhen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiaotong University affiliated Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Xie Z, Chen F, Wu X, Zhuang C, Zhu J, Wang J, Ji H, Wang Y, Hua X. Safety and efficacy of intravitreal injection of recombinant erythropoietin for protection of photoreceptor cells in a rat model of retinal detachment. Eye (Lond) 2011; 26:144-52. [PMID: 22020175 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2011.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the safety and efficacy of exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) for the protection of photoreceptor cells in a rat model of retinal detachment (RD). METHODS Recombinant rat EPO (400 ng) was injected into the vitreous cavity of normal rats to observe the eye manifestations. Retinal function was assessed by flash electroretinograms. Histopathological examination of retinal tissue was performed at 14 days and 2 months after injection, respectively. To investigate the inhibitory effect of EPO on photoreceptor cell apoptosis in RD rats, 100, 200, or 400 ng EPO was injected into the vitreous cavity immediately after RD model establishment. Apoptosis of photoreceptor cells was determined at 3 days after injection. Caspase-3 activation was measured by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence, respectively, and the level of Bcl-X(L) expression was analyzed by western blot. RESULTS Intravitreal injection of EPO 400 ng into normal rats had no significant impact on retinal function, morphology, or structure. Apoptosis of retinal photoreceptor cells apparently increased after RD and was significantly reduced following EPO treatment. The thickness of the outer nuclear layer in the RD + 400 ng group was significantly thicker than that in other experimental RD groups both at 14 days and at 2 months after RD (P < 0.05). Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses showed decreased caspase-3 activation and increased Bcl-X(L) expression following EPO treatment. CONCLUSION Intravitreal injection of EPO 400 ng is safe, and EPO may suppress caspase-3 activation and enhance Bcl-X(L) expression, resulting in inhibition of apoptosis and protection of photoreceptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Blueberry anthocyanins: protection against ageing and light-induced damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:16-27. [PMID: 22018225 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451100523x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are vital for retinal health. However, they are susceptible to injury with ageing and exposure to excessive light, including UV (100-380 nm) and visible (380-760 nm) radiation. To evaluate the protective effect of blueberry anthocyanins on RPE cells, in vitro cell models of replicative senescent and light-induced damage were established in the present study. After purification and fractionation, blueberry anthocyanin extracts (BAE) were yielded with total anthocyanin contents of 31·0 (SD 0·5) % and were used in this study. Replicative senescence of RPE cells was induced by repeatedly passaging cells from the fourth passage to the tenth. From the fifth passage, cultured RPE cells began to enter a replicative senescence, exhibiting reduced cell proliferation along with an increase in the number of β-galactosidase-positive cells. RPE cells maintained high cell viability (P < 0·01) and a low (P < 0·01) percentage of β-galactosidase-positive cells when treated with 0·1 μg/ml BAE. In contrast, after exposure to 2500 (SD 500) lx light (420-800 nm) for 12 h, RPE cells in the positive control (light exposure, no BAE treatment) exhibited premature senescence, low (P < 0·01) cell viability and increased (P < 0·01) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release compared with negative control cells, which were not subjected to light irradiation and BAE exposure. Correspondingly, BAE is beneficial to RPE cells by protecting these cells against light-induced damage through the suppression of ageing and apoptosis as well as the down-regulation of the over-expressed VEGF to normal level. These results demonstrate that BAE is efficacious against senescence and light-induced damage of RPE cells.
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Gong Y, Qiu Y, Song Z, Gu Q, Wu X, Sun X. Effects of Single Intravitreal rhEPO Injection on Light-Induced Retinal Injury in Rats. Curr Eye Res 2011; 36:739-46. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2011.582661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Antihypertriglyceridemia and anti-inflammatory activities of monascus-fermented dioscorea in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:710635. [PMID: 21716679 PMCID: PMC3118455 DOI: 10.1155/2011/710635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The rice fermented by Monascus, called red mold rice (RMR), and has a long tradition in East Asia as a dietary staple. Monascus-fermented dioscorea called red mold dioscorea (RMD) contains various metabolites to perform the ability of reducing oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response. We used Wistar rats and induced diabetes by injecting streptozotocin (STZ, 65 mg/kg i.p.). RMD was administered daily starting six weeks after disease onset. Throughout the experimental period, significantly (P < .05) lowered plasma glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, free fatty acid and low density lipoprotein levels were observed in the RMD-treated groups. The RMD-treated diabetic rats showed higher activities of glutathione disulfide reductase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase (P < .05) in the pancreas compared with the diabetic control rats. RMD also inhibited diabetes-induced elevation in the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α. Pancreatic β-cells damaged by STZ in the RMD supplemented groups were ameliorated. The results of this study clearly demonstrated that RMD possesses several treatment-oriented properties, including the control of hyperglycemia, antioxidant effects, pancreatic β-cell protection and anti-inflammatory effects. Considering these observations, it appears that RMD may be a useful supplement to delay the development of diabetes and its complications.
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Liu Y, Song X, Han Y, Zhou F, Zhang D, Ji B, Hu J, Lv Y, Cai S, Wei Y, Gao F, Jia X. Identification of anthocyanin components of wild Chinese blueberries and amelioration of light-induced retinal damage in pigmented rabbit using whole berries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:356-363. [PMID: 21142104 DOI: 10.1021/jf103852s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest that the consumption of berry fruits rich in anthocyanins may have beneficial effects on improving visual function. This study determined the total polyphenol and total anthocyanin contents in wild Chinese blueberries using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method and a pH differential method. Anthocyanin composition and quantity were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with mass selective detection. Total polyphenol and anthocyanin contents were 602.9 ± 9.2 and 177.8 ± 8.3 mg/100 g, respectively. Seventeen anthocyanins were discovered, and only 13 were tentatively identified in the wild blueberries. Anthocyanins of malvidin glycosylated with hexose or pentose accounted for >46% of total anthocyanin content. Furthermore, the effect of whole blueberries on retinal damage in pigmented rabbits upon light exposure was investigated, and the retinal functions were evaluated by electroretinogram (ERG). Pigmented rabbits were chosen for this experiment because of their large eyes, which facilitated the operative procedure and observation, and the similarity of their eyes to the human eye structure. Light-induced retinal damage was induced by exposure to white light at 15000 ± 1000 lx for 2 h. Feeding the rabbits with blueberries at a dosage of 1.2 or 4.9 g/kg/day for 4 weeks prior to light exposure effectively reduced photodamage to the retinas. This study adds to the growing body of data supporting the bioactivity of blueberries in improving mammal vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Liu
- Functional Food Research Laboratory, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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Citirik M, Dilsiz N, Batman C, Zilelioglu O. Comparative toxicity of 4 commonly used intravitreal corticosteroids on rat retina. Can J Ophthalmol 2009; 44:e3-8. [PMID: 19506592 DOI: 10.3129/i09-059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of 4 commonly used steroids (dexamethasone, triamcinolone, betamethasone, and methylprednisolone) on 50 retinas of 25 adult pigmented rats. STUDY DESIGN Experimental animal study. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-five pigmented Long-Evans male rats. METHODS Each steroid drug with 2 different doses (0.025 mL and 0.050 mL) was injected into the vitreous of each eye of 5 rats. The low drug dose was injected into the right eye and the high dose was injected into the left eye. Ten eyes of 5 randomly selected rats were used as a control group and intravitreal saline was injected into these eyes. Oxidative damage and intrinsic antioxidative capacity were determined by measuring retinal malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, respectively. RESULTS No statistically meaningful difference was observed in retinal GSH and MDA measurements in the low- and high-dose triamcinolone (1 and 2 mg), low-dose betamethasone (0.075 mg), and low-dose dexamethasone (0.1 mg) groups, compared with the control group. Both doses of methylprednisolone (1.6 mg and 3.2 mg), high-dose betamethasone (0.15 mg), and high-dose dexamethasone (0.2 mg) markedly altered retinal GSH and MDA levels. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study show that the toxicity of triamcinolone is not evident even in high doses. It may be used safely. We also suggest that intravitreal use of low doses of betamethasone and dexamethasone is safer than higher doses of these drugs and both doses of methylprednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Citirik
- SB Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Dosage dependence of the effect of Ginkgo biloba on the rat retinal ganglion cell survival after optic nerve crush. Eye (Lond) 2008; 23:1598-604. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Song Y, Gong YY, Xie ZG, Li CH, Gu Q, Wu XW. Edaravone (MCI-186), a free radical scavenger, attenuates retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2008; 29:823-8. [PMID: 18565280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7254.2008.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of edaravone (MCI-186), a free radical scavenger, against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat retina. METHODS Retinal ischemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by elevating intraocular pressure to 110 mmHg for 60 min. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with edaravone at a dose of 3 mg/kg at 30 min before ischemia, and then treated with edaravone (3 mg/kg, ip) twice daily for 1 or 5 d after I/R. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the retinal tissues were determined on d 1 after I/R injury. The apoptosis of retinal neurons was detected on d 1 after I/R injury by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated digoxigenin-dUTP nick-end labeling staining. The electroretinogram (ERG) was recorded on d 5 after reperfusion. RESULTS Edaravone lowered MDA levels, raised SOD activity, and attenuated I/R-induced apoptosis of retinal neurons within the inner nuclear, ganglion cell, and outer nuclear layers of the rat retina. Moreover, edaravone suppressed I/R-induced reduction in a- and b-wave amplitudes of ERG. CONCLUSION Edaravone can protect the retina from I/R injury in rats through reducing oxidative stress and inhibiting apoptosis of retinal neurons, which suggests that edaravone might be a potential choice for the treatment of I/R-induced eye disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Song
- Ophthalmic Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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