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Trewick SA, Koot EM, Morgan-Richards M. Ngāokeoke Aotearoa: The Peripatoides Onychophora of New Zealand. INSECTS 2024; 15:248. [PMID: 38667378 PMCID: PMC11050097 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Originally described as a single taxon, Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Hutton, 1876) are distributed across both main islands of New Zealand; the existence of multiple distinct lineages of live-bearing Onychophora across this spatial range has gradually emerged. Morphological conservatism obscured the true endemic diversity, and the inclusion of molecular tools has been instrumental in revealing these cryptic taxa. (2) Methods: Here, we review the diversity of the ovoviviparous Onychophora of New Zealand through a re-analysis of allozyme genotype data, mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences, geographic information and morphology. (3) Results: New analysis of the multilocus biallelic nuclear data using methods that do not require a priori assumptions of population assignment support at least six lineages of ovoviviparous Peripatoides in northern New Zealand, and mtDNA sequence variation is consistent with these divisions. Expansion of mitochondrial DNA sequence data, including representation of all existing taxa and additional populations extends our knowledge of the scale of sympatry among taxa and shows that three other lineages from southern South Island can be added to the Peripatoides list, and names are proposed here. In total, 10 species of Peripatoides can be recognised with current data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Emily M. Koot
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
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2
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McCartney AM, Koot E, Prebble JM, Jibran R, Mitchell C, Podolyan A, Fergus AJ, Arnst E, Herron KE, Houliston G, Buckley TR, Chagné D. A population genomics analysis of the Aotearoa New Zealand endemic rewarewa tree (Knightia excelsa). NPJ BIODIVERSITY 2024; 3:7. [PMID: 39242911 PMCID: PMC11332057 DOI: 10.1038/s44185-024-00038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Rewarewa (Knightia excelsa, Proteaceae) is a tree species endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand, with a natural distribution spanning Te Ika-a-Māui (North Island) and the top of Te Waipounamu (South Island). We used the pseudo-chromosome genome assembly of rewarewa as a reference and whole genome pooled sequencing from 35 populations sampled across Aotearoa New Zealand, including trees growing on Māori-owned land, to identify 1,443,255 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Four genetic clusters located in the northern North Island (NNI), eastern North Island (NIE), western and southern North Island (NIWS), and the South Island (SI) were identified. Gene flow was revealed between the SI and NIE genetic clusters, plus bottleneck and contraction events within the genetic clusters since the mid-late Pleistocene, with divergence between North and South Island clusters estimated to have occurred ~115,000-230,000 years ago. Genotype environment analysis (GEA) was used to identify loci and genes linked with altitude, soil pH, soil carbon, slope, soil size, annual mean temperature, mean diurnal range, isothermality, annual precipitation, and precipitation seasonality. The location of the SNPs associated with these environmental variables was compared with the position of 52,192 gene-coding sequences that were predicted in the rewarewa genome using RNA sequencing. This new understanding of the genetic variation present in rewarewa and insights into the genetic control of adaptive traits will inform efforts to incorporate the species in restoration plantings and for marketing rewarewa honey based on provenance.
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Grants
- C09X1806 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- C09X1806 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- C09X1806 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- C09X1806 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- C09X1806 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- C09X1806 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- C09X1806 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- C09X1806 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- C09X1806 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
- C09X1806 Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M McCartney
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, Saint Johns, Auckland, 1072, New Zealand
- Genomics Aotearoa, Aotearoa, New Zealand
- Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Emily Koot
- Genomics Aotearoa, Aotearoa, New Zealand
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand
| | - Jessica M Prebble
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Rubina Jibran
- Plant & Food Research, 120 Mt Albert Road, Sandringham, Auckland, 1025, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Mitchell
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Ana Podolyan
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Alexander J Fergus
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Elise Arnst
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Katie E Herron
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Houliston
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7608, New Zealand
| | - Thomas R Buckley
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road, Saint Johns, Auckland, 1072, New Zealand
- Genomics Aotearoa, Aotearoa, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- Genomics Aotearoa, Aotearoa, New Zealand.
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Batchelar Road, Fitzherbert, Palmerston North, 4474, New Zealand.
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3
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Verry AJF, Mas-Carrió E, Gibb GC, Dutoit L, Robertson BC, Waters JM, Rawlence NJ. Ancient mitochondrial genomes unveil the origins and evolutionary history of New Zealand's enigmatic takahē and moho. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17227. [PMID: 38018770 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Many avian species endemic to Aotearoa New Zealand were driven to extinction or reduced to relict populations following successive waves of human arrival, due to hunting, habitat destruction and the introduction of mammalian predators. Among the affected species were the large flightless South Island takahē (Porphyrio hochstetteri) and the moho (North Island takahē; P. mantelli), with the latter rendered extinct and the former reduced to a single relictual population. Little is known about the evolutionary history of these species prior to their decline and/or extinction. Here we sequenced mitochondrial genomes from takahē and moho subfossils (12 takahē and 4 moho) and retrieved comparable sequence data from takahē museum skins (n = 5) and contemporary individuals (n = 17) to examine the phylogeny and recent evolutionary history of these species. Our analyses suggest that prehistoric takahē populations lacked deep phylogeographic structure, in contrast to moho, which exhibited significant spatial genetic structure, albeit based on limited sample sizes (n = 4). Temporal genetic comparisons show that takahē have lost much of their mitochondrial genetic diversity, likely due to a sudden demographic decline soon after human arrival (~750 years ago). Time-calibrated phylogenetic analyses strongly support a sister species relationship between takahē and moho, suggesting these flightless taxa diverged around 1.5 million years ago, following a single colonisation of New Zealand by a flighted Porphyrio ancestor approximately 4 million years ago. This study highlights the utility of palaeogenetic approaches for informing the conservation and systematic understanding of endangered species whose ranges have been severely restricted by anthropogenic impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J F Verry
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Eduard Mas-Carrió
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Laboratory for Conservation Biology, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gillian C Gibb
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Jonathan M Waters
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicolas J Rawlence
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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4
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Köhler A, Schmitt T. Northern Richness, Southern Dead End-Origin and Dispersal Events of Pseudolycoriella (Sciaridae, Diptera) between New Zealand's Main Islands. INSECTS 2023; 14:548. [PMID: 37367364 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Sciaridae (Diptera) is a widespread insect family of which some species can reach high abundances in arboreal habitats. This trait, together with their (passive) mobility, enables them to quickly colonise suitable habitats. To reveal the biogeographic history of the New Zealand members of the sciarid genus Pseudolycoriella, we analysed three molecular markers of selected species and populations in a Bayesian approach. At the intra- and interspecific levels, we detected a pattern of northern richness vs. southern purity, which has probably developed as a result of Pleistocene glacial cycles. Since the late Miocene, we identified 13 dispersal events across the sea strait separating New Zealand's main islands. As nine of these dispersal events were south-directed, North Island can be considered the centre of radiation for this genus. An unequivocal re-colonisation of North Island was only observed once. Based on the inclusion of three undescribed species from Tasmania and on previously published data, three colonisations of New Zealand are likely, all of them assumed to be of Australian origin. One of these most probably took place during the late Miocene, and the other two during the late Pliocene or at the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Köhler
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
- Entomology and Biogeography, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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5
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Huanel OR, Quesada-Calderón S, Ríos Molina C, Morales-González S, Saenz-Agudelo P, Nelson WA, Arakaki N, Mauger S, Faugeron S, Guillemin ML. Pre-domestication bottlenecks of the cultivated seaweed Gracilaria chilensis. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:5506-5523. [PMID: 36029170 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gracilaria chilensis is the main cultivated seaweed in Chile. The low genetic diversity observed in the Chilean populations has been associated with the over-exploitation of natural beds and/or the founder effect that occurred during post-glacial colonization from New Zealand. How these processes have affected its evolutionary trajectory before farming and incipient domestication is poorly understood. In this study, we used 2232 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess how the species' evolutionary history in New Zealand (its region of origin), the founder effect linked to transoceanic dispersion and colonization of South America, and the recent over-exploitation of natural populations have influenced the genetic architecture of G. chilensis in Chile. The contrasting patterns of genetic diversity and structure observed between the two main islands in New Zealand attest to the important effects of Quaternary glacial cycles on G. chilensis. Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) analyses indicated that Chatham Island and South America were colonized independently near the end of the Last Glacial Maximum and emphasized the importance of coastal and oceanic currents during that period. Furthermore, ABC analyses inferred the existence of a recent and strong genetic bottleneck in Chile, matching the period of over-exploitation of the natural beds during the 1970s, followed by rapid demographic expansion linked to active clonal propagation used in farming. Recurrent genetic bottlenecks strongly eroded the genetic diversity of G. chilensis prior to its cultivation, raising important challenges for the management of genetic resources in this incipiently domesticated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar R Huanel
- Núcleo Milenio MASH, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France
| | - Suany Quesada-Calderón
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,AUSTRAL-omics, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Desarrollo y Creación Artística, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristian Ríos Molina
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Sarai Morales-González
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Saenz-Agudelo
- IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France.,Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,ANID- Millennium Science Initiative Nucleus (NUTME), Las Cruces, Chile
| | - Wendy A Nelson
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natalia Arakaki
- Instituto del Mar del Perú, Banco de Germoplasma de Organismos Acuáticos, Chucuito, Callao, Peru
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France
| | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Núcleo Milenio MASH, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France
| | - Marie-Laure Guillemin
- IRL 3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France.,Núcleo Milenio MASH, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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6
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Buckley TR, Hoare RJB, Leschen RAB. Key questions on the evolution and biogeography of New Zealand alpine insects. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2130367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Buckley
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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7
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Lubbe P, Rawlence NJ, Kardailsky O, Robertson BC, Day R, Knapp M, Dussex N. Mitogenomes resolve the phylogeography and divergence times within the endemic New Zealand Callaeidae (Aves: Passerida). Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The biogeographical origins of the endemic birds of New Zealand (Aotearoa) are of great interest, particularly Palaeogene lineages such as Callaeidae, a passerine family characterized by brightly coloured wattles behind the beak and, in some cases, extreme sexual dimorphism in bill size and shape. Ancestral representatives of Callaeidae are thought to have split from their closest relatives outside New Zealand in the Oligocene, but little is known about the timing of divergences within the family. We present a fully dated molecular phylogeny of Callaeidae mitogenomes and discuss the biogeographical implications. Our results suggest that formation of Pliocene marine seaways, such as the Manawatu Strait, are likely to have played a significant role in the differentiation of North Island and South Island kōkako (Callaeas spp.) and saddlebacks/tīeke (Philesturnus spp.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Lubbe
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Nicolas J Rawlence
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Olga Kardailsky
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Bruce C Robertson
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Robert Day
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
- Coastal People, Southern Skies Centre of Research Excellence, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Dussex
- Swedish Museum of Natural History, Centre for Palaeogenetics (CPG) , Svante Arrhenius väg, Stockholm , Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History , Stockholm , Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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8
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Trewick SA, Henderson IM, Pohe SR, Morgan-Richards M. Spatial Variation of Acanthophlebia cruentata (Ephemeroptera), a Mayfly Endemic to Te Ika-a-Māui—North Island of Aotearoa, New Zealand. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070567. [PMID: 35886743 PMCID: PMC9316242 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Patterns of variation within a widespread species can provide evidence of population history. Adjacent stable populations with gene flow show clinal genetic divergence forming a pattern of isolation by distance. Populations that have grown due to an increase in potential habitat such as forest cover since the last glacial maximum will have low genetic variation showing patterns of range expansion. The mayfly Acanthophlebia cruentata of Aotearoa, New Zealand, is widespread in streams of North Island but absent from the cooler South Island. Mayfly nymphs are restricted to streams but adults fly, facilitating gene flow among catchments. We detected higher genetic diversity at lower latitudes of this mayfly’s range compared to most of its distribution, concordant with predictions of limited forest cover in New Zealand during Pleistocene glacial periods. A signature of recent range expansion was observed in the higher latitudes. Despite initial observation suggesting mayfly size correlated with latitude, we found sex, elevation and sampling date were significant predictors of size, and some size variation is also explained by three regional groups based on haplotype distribution. Abstract The mayfly Acanthophlebia cruentata of Aotearoa, New Zealand, is widespread in Te Ika-a-Māui North Island streams, but has never been collected from South Island despite land connection during the last glacial maximum. Population structure of this mayfly might reflect re-colonisation after volcanic eruptions in North Island c1800 years ago, climate cycling or conceal older, cryptic diversity. We collected population samples from 33 locations to estimate levels of population genetic diversity and to document phenotypic variation. Relatively low intraspecific haplotype divergence was recorded among mitochondrial cytb sequences from 492 individuals, but these resolved three geographic-haplotype regions (north, west, east). We detected a signature of isolation by distance at low latitudes (north) but evidence of recent population growth in the west and east. We did not detect an effect of volcanic eruptions but infer range expansion into higher latitudes from a common ancestor during the last glacial period. As judged from wing length, both sexes of adult mayflies were larger at higher elevation and we found that haplotype region was also a significant predictor of Acanthophlebia cruentata size. This suggests that our mitochondrial marker is concordant with nuclear genetic differences that might be explained by founder effect during range expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Natural Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (I.M.H.); (M.M.-R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ian M. Henderson
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Natural Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (I.M.H.); (M.M.-R.)
| | | | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Natural Science, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (I.M.H.); (M.M.-R.)
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9
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Marske KA, Boyer SL. Phylogeography reveals the complex impact of the Last Glacial Maximum on New Zealand’s terrestrial biota. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2079682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah L. Boyer
- Biology Department, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, USA
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10
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Shepherd L, Simon C, Langton-Myers S, Morgan-Richards M. Insights into Aotearoa New Zealand’s biogeographic history provided by the study of natural hybrid zones. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2061020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Shepherd
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Chris Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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11
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Scarsbrook L, Verry AJF, Walton K, Hitchmough RA, Rawlence NJ. Ancient mitochondrial genomes recovered from small vertebrate bones through minimally destructive DNA extraction: phylogeography of the New Zealand gecko genus
Hoplodactylus. Mol Ecol 2022; 32:2964-2984. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lachie Scarsbrook
- Otago Paleogenetics Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Alexander J. F. Verry
- Otago Paleogenetics Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Kerry Walton
- Otago Paleogenetics Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Nicolas J. Rawlence
- Otago Paleogenetics Laboratory Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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12
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Koot EM, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. Climate change and alpine-adapted insects: modelling environmental envelopes of a grasshopper radiation. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211596. [PMID: 35316945 PMCID: PMC8889178 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mountains create steep environmental gradients that are sensitive barometers of climate change. We calibrated 10 statistical models to formulate ensemble ecological niche models for 12 predominantly alpine, flightless grasshopper species in Aotearoa New Zealand, using their current distributions and current conditions. Niche models were then projected for two future global climate scenarios: representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 (1.0°C rise) and RCP8.5 (3.7°C rise). Results were species specific, with two-thirds of our models suggesting a reduction in potential range for nine species by 2070, but surprisingly, for six species, we predict an increase in potential suitable habitat under mild (+1.0°C) or severe global warming (+3.7°C). However, when the limited dispersal ability of these flightless grasshoppers is taken into account, all 12 species studied are predicted to suffer extreme reductions in range, with a quarter likely to go extinct due to a 96-100% reduction in suitable habitat. Habitat loss is associated with habitat fragmentation that is likely to escalate stochastic vulnerability of remaining populations. Here, we present the predicted outcomes for an endemic radiation of alpine taxa as an exemplar of the challenges that alpine species, both in New Zealand and internationally, are subject to by anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Koot
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Steven A Trewick
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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13
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Koot E, Arnst E, Taane M, Goldsmith K, Thrimawithana A, Reihana K, González-Martínez SC, Goldsmith V, Houliston G, Chagné D. Genome-wide patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) growing on indigenous Māori land. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab012. [PMID: 35039864 PMCID: PMC8771449 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leptospermum scoparium J. R. Forst et G. Forst, known as mānuka by Māori, the indigenous people of Aotearoa (New Zealand), is a culturally and economically significant shrub species, native to New Zealand and Australia. Chemical, morphological and phylogenetic studies have indicated geographical variation of mānuka across its range in New Zealand, and genetic differentiation between New Zealand and Australia. We used pooled whole genome re-sequencing of 76 L. scoparium and outgroup populations from New Zealand and Australia to compile a dataset totalling ~2.5 million SNPs. We explored the genetic structure and relatedness of L. scoparium across New Zealand, and between populations in New Zealand and Australia, as well as the complex demographic history of this species. Our population genomic investigation suggests there are five geographically distinct mānuka gene pools within New Zealand, with evidence of gene flow occurring between these pools. Demographic modelling suggests three of these gene pools have undergone expansion events, whilst the evolutionary histories of the remaining two have been subjected to contractions. Furthermore, mānuka populations in New Zealand are genetically distinct from populations in Australia, with coalescent modelling suggesting these two clades diverged ~9-12 million years ago. We discuss the evolutionary history of this species and the benefits of using pool-seq for such studies. Our research will support the management and conservation of mānuka by landowners, particularly Māori, and the development of a provenance story for the branding of mānuka based products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Koot
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Batchelar Rd, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - Elise Arnst
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, 54 Gerald St, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - Melissa Taane
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Batchelar Rd, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Kiri Reihana
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, 54 Gerald St, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Gary Houliston
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, 54 Gerald St, Lincoln 7608, New Zealand
| | - David Chagné
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Batchelar Rd, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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14
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Unrestricted gene flow between two subspecies of translocated brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in Aotearoa New Zealand. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo lineages of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) were historically introduced to Aotearoa New Zealand, and these two subspecies have different phenotypic forms. Despite over 100 years of potential interbreeding, they appear to retain morphological differences, which may indicate reproductive isolation. We examined this using population samples from a confined landscape and scored each specimen for phenotype using a number of fur colour traits. This resulted in a bimodal trait distribution expected for segregated grey and black lineages. We also sought evidence for genetic partitioning based on spatial and temporal effects. Genetic structure and rates of genetic mixing were determined using seven neutral, species-specific nuclear microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA control region sequence. Genotype analyses indicated high levels of variation and mtDNA sequences formed two major haplogroups. Pairwise tests for population differentiation of these markers found no evidence of subdivision, indicating that these brushtail possums behave as a single randomly mating unit. Despite maintenance of two main colour phenotypes with relatively few intermediates, previous inference of assortative mating and anecdotes of distinct races, our data indicate that New Zealand brushtail possums can freely interbreed, and that in some locations they have formed completely mixed populations where neutral genetic markers are unrelated to phenotype. This has implications for effective pest management towards eradication.
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15
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Seidel M, Sýkora V, Leschen RAB, Clarkson B, Fikáček M. Ancient relicts or recent immigrants? Different dating strategies alter diversification scenarios of New Zealand aquatic beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Berosus). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107241. [PMID: 34224848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dated species-level phylogenies are crucial for understanding the origin and evolutionary history of modern faunas, yet difficult to obtain due to the frequent absence of suitable age calibrations at species level. Substitution rates of related or more inclusive clades are often used to overcome this limitation but the accuracy of this approach remains untested. We compared tree dating based on substitution rates with analyses implementing fossil data by direct node-dating and indirect root-age constraints for the New Zealand endemic Berosus water beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). The analysis based solely on substitution rates indicated a Miocene colonization of New Zealand and Pleistocene origin of species. By contrast, all analyses that implemented fossil data resulted in significantly older age estimates, indicating an ancient early Cenozoic origin of the New Zealand clade, diversification of species during or after the Oligocene transgression and Miocene-Pliocene origin of within-species population structure. Rate-calibrated time trees were incongruent with recently published Coleoptera time trees, the fossil record of Berosus and the distribution of outgroup species. Strong variation of substitution rates among Coleoptera lineages, as well as among lineages within the family Hydrophilidae, was identified as the principal reason for low accuracy of rate-calibrated analyses, resulting in underestimated node ages in Berosus. We provide evidence that Oligocene to Pliocene events, rather than the Pleistocene Glacial cycles, played an essential role in the formation of the modern New Zealand insect fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Seidel
- Centrum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversitätswandels, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vít Sýkora
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Richard A B Leschen
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruno Clarkson
- Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Martin Fikáček
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Entomology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, Prague 9, Czech Republic.
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16
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Withers SJ, Parsons S, Hauber ME, Kendrick A, Lavery SD. Genetic divergence between isolated populations of the North Island New Zealand Rifleman ( Acanthisitta chloris granti) implicates ancient biogeographic impacts rather than recent habitat fragmentation. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:5998-6014. [PMID: 34141198 PMCID: PMC8207446 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigates the extent and causal mechanisms of genetic population divergence in a poorly flighted passerine, the North Island Rifleman or Titipounamu (Acanthisitta chloris granti). While this species has a historically widespread distribution, anthropogenic forest clearance has resulted in a highly fragmented current distribution. We conducted analyses of mitochondrial DNA (COI and Control Region) and 12 nuclear DNA microsatellites to test for population divergence and estimate times of divergence. diyabc and biogeobears were then used to assess likely past dispersal scenarios based on both mtDNA and nDNA. The results reveal several significantly divergent lineages across the North Island of New Zealand and indicate that some populations have been isolated for extensive periods of time (0.7-4.9 mya). Modeling indicated a dynamic history of population connectivity, with a drastic restriction in gene flow between three geographic regions, followed by a more recent re-establishment of connectivity. Our analyses indicate the dynamic influence of key geological and climatological events on the distribution of genetic diversity in this species, including support for the genetic impact of old biogeographic boundaries such as the Taupo Line and Cockayne's Line, rather than recent anthropogenic habitat fragmentation. These findings present a rare example of an avian species with a genetic history more like that of flightless taxa and so provide new general insights into vicariant processes affecting populations of passerines with limited dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Withers
- School of Biological SciencesPrivate Bag 92019Auckland Mail CentreThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Stuart Parsons
- School of Biological SciencesPrivate Bag 92019Auckland Mail CentreThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
- School of Biology and Environmental ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Mark E. Hauber
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and BehaviorSchool of Integrative BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbana‐ChampaignILUSA
| | - Alistair Kendrick
- School of Biological SciencesPrivate Bag 92019Auckland Mail CentreThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Shane D. Lavery
- Institute of Marine SciencePrivate Bag 92019Auckland Mail CentreThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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17
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Martini D, Dussex N, Robertson BC, Gemmell NJ, Knapp M. Evolution of the "world's only alpine parrot": Genomic adaptation or phenotypic plasticity, behaviour and ecology? Mol Ecol 2021; 30:6370-6386. [PMID: 33973288 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming, in particular in island environments, where opportunities for species to disperse are limited, may become a serious threat to cold adapted alpine species. In order to understand how alpine species may respond to a warming world, we need to understand the drivers that have shaped their habitat specialisation and the evolutionary adaptations that allow them to utilize alpine habitats. The endemic, endangered New Zealand kea (Nestor notabilis) is considered the only alpine parrot in the world. As a species commonly found in the alpine zone it may be highly susceptible to climate warming. But is it a true alpine specialist? Is its evolution driven by adaptation to the alpine zone, or is the kea an open habitat generalist that simply uses the alpine zone to, for example, avoid lower lying anthropogenic landscapes? We use whole genome data of the kea and its close, forest adapted sister species, the kākā (Nestor meridionalis) to reconstruct the evolutionary history of both species and identify the functional genomic differences that underlie their habitat specialisations. Our analyses do not identify major functional genomic differences between kea and kākā in pathways associated with high-altitude. Rather, we found evidence that selective pressures on adaptations commonly found in alpine species are present in both Nestor species, suggesting that selection for alpine adaptations has not driven their divergence. Strongly divergent demographic responses to past climate warming between the species nevertheless highlight potential future threats to kea survival in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Martini
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Dussex
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Neil J Gemmell
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Trewick SA, Taylor-Smith B, Morgan-Richards M. Ecology and systematics of the wine wētā and allied species, with description of four new Hemiandrus species. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2020.1790396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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19
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Koot EM, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. An alpine grasshopper radiation older than the mountains, on Kā Tiritiri o te Moana (Southern Alps) of Aotearoa (New Zealand). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 147:106783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Phylogeography of the Cran’s bully Gobiomorphus basalis (Gobiiformes: Eleotridae) and an analysis of species boundaries within the New Zealand radiation of Gobiomorphus. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
New Zealand has a complex recent history of climatic and tectonic change that has left variable signatures in the geographic distribution and genetic structure of the region’s flora and fauna. To identify concordant patterns, a broad range of taxa must be examined and compared. In New Zealand’s North Island, a consensus is forming as to the dominant biogeographic barriers in the region although obligate freshwater taxa have not been considered in this framework. We use single-nucleotide polymorphisms to investigate phylogeography in the widespread obligate freshwater fish Gobiomorphus basalis on the North Island. Phylogeographic patterns within G. basalis reveal biogeographic disjunctions that are in some ways consistent and in other ways at odds with established patterns, providing insight into the processes that have shaped the islands’ biogeography. We also use phylogeography to delineate species boundaries within the entire New Zealand radiation of Gobiomorphus and find that it contains several morphologically cryptic species. We resolve two clades within G. basalis that correspond to areas north and south of the Taupo Volcanic Zone. We confirm the distinctiveness of Gobiomorphus alpinus relative to Gobiomorphus cotidianus, as well as the presence of two lineages within Gobiomorphus breviceps that were previously identified based on mitochondrial data.
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21
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Taylor-Smith B, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. Patterns of regional endemism among New Zealand invertebrates. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2019.1681479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Grant GR, Naish TR, Dunbar GB, Stocchi P, Kominz MA, Kamp PJJ, Tapia CA, McKay RM, Levy RH, Patterson MO. The amplitude and origin of sea-level variability during the Pliocene epoch. Nature 2019; 574:237-241. [PMID: 31578526 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1619-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Earth is heading towards a climate that last existed more than three million years ago (Ma) during the 'mid-Pliocene warm period'1, when atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations were about 400 parts per million, global sea level oscillated in response to orbital forcing2,3 and peak global-mean sea level (GMSL) may have reached about 20 metres above the present-day value4,5. For sea-level rise of this magnitude, extensive retreat or collapse of the Greenland, West Antarctic and marine-based sectors of the East Antarctic ice sheets is required. Yet the relative amplitude of sea-level variations within glacial-interglacial cycles remains poorly constrained. To address this, we calibrate a theoretical relationship between modern sediment transport by waves and water depth, and then apply the technique to grain size in a continuous 800-metre-thick Pliocene sequence of shallow-marine sediments from Whanganui Basin, New Zealand. Water-depth variations obtained in this way, after corrections for tectonic subsidence, yield cyclic relative sea-level (RSL) variations. Here we show that sea level varied on average by 13 ± 5 metres over glacial-interglacial cycles during the middle-to-late Pliocene (about 3.3-2.5 Ma). The resulting record is independent of the global ice volume proxy3 (as derived from the deep-ocean oxygen isotope record) and sea-level cycles are in phase with 20-thousand-year (kyr) periodic changes in insolation over Antarctica, paced by eccentricity-modulated orbital precession6 between 3.3 and 2.7 Ma. Thereafter, sea-level fluctuations are paced by the 41-kyr period of cycles in Earth's axial tilt as ice sheets stabilize on Antarctica and intensify in the Northern Hemisphere3,6. Strictly, we provide the amplitude of RSL change, rather than absolute GMSL change. However, simulations of RSL change based on glacio-isostatic adjustment show that our record approximates eustatic sea level, defined here as GMSL unregistered to the centre of the Earth. Nonetheless, under conservative assumptions, our estimates limit maximum Pliocene sea-level rise to less than 25 metres and provide new constraints on polar ice-volume variability under the climate conditions predicted for this century.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Grant
- Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand. .,GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
| | - T R Naish
- Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - G B Dunbar
- Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - P Stocchi
- Coastal Systems Department, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, and Utrecht University, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - M A Kominz
- Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - P J J Kamp
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - C A Tapia
- Departamento de Obras Civiles y Geologia, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Catolica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - R M McKay
- Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - R H Levy
- Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - M O Patterson
- Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, USA
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23
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Morgan-Richards M, Langton-Myers SS, Trewick SA. Loss and gain of sexual reproduction in the same stick insect. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3929-3941. [PMID: 31386772 PMCID: PMC6852293 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of competition between different reproductive strategies within a single species can be used to infer selective advantage of the winning strategy. Where multiple populations have independently lost or gained sexual reproduction it is possible to investigate whether the advantage is contingent on local conditions. In the New Zealand stick insect Clitarchus hookeri, three populations are distinguished by recent change in reproductive strategy and we determine their likely origins. One parthenogenetic population has established in the United Kingdom and we provide evidence that sexual reproduction has been lost in this population. We identify the sexual population from which the parthenogenetic population was derived, but show that the UK females have a post‐mating barrier to fertilisation. We also demonstrate that two sexual populations have recently arisen in New Zealand within the natural range of the mtDNA lineage that otherwise characterizes parthenogenesis in this species. We infer independent origins of males at these two locations using microsatellite genotypes. In one population, a mixture of local and nonlocal alleles suggested males were the result of invasion. Males in another population were most probably the result of loss of an X chromosome that produced a male phenotype in situ. Two successful switches in reproductive strategy suggest local competitive advantage for outcrossing over parthenogenetic reproduction. Clitarchus hookeri provides remarkable evidence of repeated and rapid changes in reproductive strategy, with competitive outcomes dependent on local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven A Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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24
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Daly EE, Walker KJ, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. Spatial genetics of a high elevation lineage of Rhytididae land snails in New Zealand: the Powelliphanta Kawatiri complex. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2018.1559914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Daly
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kathleen J. Walker
- Science and Policy Unit, Department of Conservation, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Steven A. Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology Group, School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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25
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Walton K, Marshall BA, Phillips NE, Verry AJF, Ritchie PA. Phylogeography of the New Zealand whelksCominella maculosaandC. virgata(Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Buccinoidea: Buccinidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kerry Walton
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bruce A Marshall
- Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Nicole E Phillips
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alexander J F Verry
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Ritchie
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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26
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McCulloch GA, Foster BJ, Waters JM. Phylogeography reveals a North Island range extension for New Zealand's only sexually wing-dimorphic stonefly (Stenoperla helsoni). NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2018.1527775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brodie J. Foster
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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27
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Podmore C, Hogg ID, Drayton GM, Barratt BIP, Scott IAW, Foottit RG, Teulon DAJ, Bulman SR. Study of COI sequences from endemic New Zealand aphids highlights high mitochondrial DNA diversity in Rhopalosiphina (Hemiptera: Aphididae). NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2018.1510843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Podmore
- Analytica Laboratories, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand
| | - Ian D. Hogg
- Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, New Zealand
- Polar Knowledge Canada, Canadian High Arctic Research Station, Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada
| | | | - Barbara I. P. Barratt
- AgResearch Invermay Agricultural Centre, Mosgiel, New Zealand
- Better Border Biosecurity (B3), Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Ian A. W. Scott
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Robert G. Foottit
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa Research and Development Centre and Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A. J. Teulon
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Better Border Biosecurity (B3), Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Simon R. Bulman
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Better Border Biosecurity (B3), Lincoln, New Zealand
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28
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Yıldırım Y, Anderson MJ, Hansson B, Patel S, Millar CD, Rainey PB. Genetic structure of the grey side-gilled sea slug (Pleurobranchaea maculata) in coastal waters of New Zealand. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202197. [PMID: 30114275 PMCID: PMC6095540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleurobranchaea maculata is a rarely studied species of the Heterobranchia found throughout the south and western Pacific-and recently recorded in Argentina-whose population genetic structure is unknown. Interest in the species was sparked in New Zealand following a series of dog deaths caused by ingestions of slugs containing high levels of the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin. Here we describe the genetic structure and demographic history of P. maculata populations from five principle locations in New Zealand based on extensive analyses of 12 microsatellite loci and the COI and CytB regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Microsatellite data showed significant differentiation between northern and southern populations with population structure being associated with previously described regional variations in tetrodotoxin concentrations. However, mtDNA sequence data did not support such structure, revealing a star-shaped haplotype network with estimates of expansion time suggesting a population expansion in the Pleistocene era. Inclusion of publicly available mtDNA sequence sea slugs from Argentina did not alter the star-shaped network. We interpret our data as indicative of a single founding population that fragmented following geographical changes that brought about the present day north-south divide in New Zealand waters. Lack of evidence of cryptic species supports data indicating that differences in toxicity of individuals among regions are a consequence of differences in diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeşerin Yıldırım
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Marti J. Anderson
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bengt Hansson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Selina Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Craig D. Millar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul B. Rainey
- New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Microbial Population Biology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
- Ecole Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI ParisTech), CNRS UMR 8231, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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29
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Morgan-Richards M, Bulgarella M, Sivyer L, Dowle EJ, Hale M, McKean NE, Trewick SA. Explaining large mitochondrial sequence differences within a population sample. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170730. [PMID: 29291063 PMCID: PMC5717637 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA sequence is frequently used to infer species' boundaries, as divergence is relatively rapid when populations are reproductively isolated. However, the shared history of a non-recombining gene naturally leads to correlation of pairwise differences, resulting in mtDNA clusters that might be mistaken for evidence of multiple species. There are four distinct processes that can explain high levels of mtDNA sequence difference within a single sample. Here, we examine one case in detail as an exemplar to distinguish among competing hypotheses. Within our sample of tree wētā (Hemideina crassidens; Orthoptera), we found multiple mtDNA haplotypes for a protein-coding region (cytb/ND1) that differed by a maximum of 7.9%. From sequencing the whole mitochondrial genome of two representative individuals, we found evidence of constraining selection. Heterozygotes were as common as expected under random mating at five nuclear loci. Morphological traits and nuclear markers did not resolve the mtDNA groupings of individuals. We concluded that the large differences found among our sample of mtDNA sequences were simply owing to a large population size over an extended period of time allowing an equilibrium between mutation and drift to retain a great deal of genetic diversity within a single species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Bulgarella
- Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Louisa Sivyer
- Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Edwina J. Dowle
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado, 1151 Arapahoe, SI 2071, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - Marie Hale
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Natasha E. McKean
- Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Steven A. Trewick
- Ecology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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30
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Trewick SA, Pilkington S, Shepherd LD, Gibb GC, Morgan-Richards M. Closing the gap: Avian lineage splits at a young, narrow seaway imply a protracted history of mixed population response. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5752-5772. [PMID: 28805283 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary significance of spatial habitat gaps has been well recognized since Alfred Russel Wallace compared the faunas of Bali and Lombok. Gaps between islands influence population structuring of some species, and flightless birds are expected to show strong partitioning even where habitat gaps are narrow. We examined the population structure of the most numerous living flightless land bird in New Zealand, Weka (Gallirallus australis). We surveyed Weka and their feather lice in native and introduced populations using genetic data gathered from DNA sequences of mitochondrial genes and nuclear β-fibrinogen and five microsatellite loci. We found low genetic diversity among extant Weka population samples. Two genetic clusters were evident in the mtDNA from Weka and their lice, but partitioning at nuclear loci was less abrupt. Many formerly recognized subspecies/species were not supported; instead, we infer one subspecies for each of the two main New Zealand islands. Although currently range restricted, North Island Weka have higher mtDNA diversity than the more wide-ranging southern Weka. Mismatch and neutrality statistics indicate North Island Weka experienced rapid and recent population reduction, while South Island Weka display the signature of recent expansion. Similar haplotype data from a widespread flying relative of Weka and other New Zealand birds revealed instances of North Island-South Island partitioning associated with a narrow habitat gap (Cook Strait). However, contrasting patterns indicate priority effects and other ecological factors have a strong influence on spatial exchange at this scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve A Trewick
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Pilkington
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Lara D Shepherd
- Te Papa Tongarewa Museum of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gillian C Gibb
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Painting CJ, Myers S, Holwell GI, Buckley TR. Phylogeography of the New Zealand giraffe weevil Lasiorhynchus barbicornis (Coleoptera: Brentidae): A comparison of biogeographic boundaries. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Giribet G, Boyer SL, Baker CM, Fernández R, Sharma PP, de Bivort BL, Daniels SR, Harvey MS, Griswold CE. A molecular phylogeny of the temperate Gondwanan family Pettalidae (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) and the limits of taxonomic sampling. Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Giribet
- Museum of Comparative Zoology & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Sarah L. Boyer
- Biology Department; Macalester College; 1600 Grand Avenue St. Paul MN 55105 USA
| | - Caitlin M. Baker
- Museum of Comparative Zoology & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Rosa Fernández
- Museum of Comparative Zoology & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Prashant P. Sharma
- Department of Zoology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 352 Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Benjamin L. de Bivort
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology; Harvard University; 26 Oxford Street Cambridge MA 02138 USA
| | - Savel R. Daniels
- Department of Botany and Zoology; University of Stellenbosch; Matieland Stellenbosch 7602 South Africa
| | - Mark S. Harvey
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology; Western Australian Museum; Welshpool DC WA 6986 Australia
| | - Charles E. Griswold
- Department of Entomology; California Academy of Sciences; San Francisco CA 94118 USA
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Nelson-Tunley M, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. Genetic diversity and gene flow in a rare New Zealand skink despite fragmented habitat in a volcanic landscape. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moniqua Nelson-Tunley
- Ecology Group; Institute of Agriculture and Environment; Massey University; Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology Group; Institute of Agriculture and Environment; Massey University; Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Steven A. Trewick
- Ecology Group; Institute of Agriculture and Environment; Massey University; Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North New Zealand
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Bulgarella M, Trewick SA, Godfrey AJR, Sinclair BJ, Morgan-Richards M. Elevational variation in adult body size and growth rate but not in metabolic rate in the tree weta Hemideina crassidens. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 75:30-38. [PMID: 25753546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Populations of the same species inhabiting distinct localities experience different ecological and climatic pressures that might result in differentiation in traits, particularly those related to temperature. We compared metabolic rate (and its thermal sensitivity), growth rate, and body size among nine high- and low-elevation populations of the Wellington tree weta, Hemideina crassidens, distributed from 9 to 1171 m a.s.l across New Zealand. Our results did not indicate elevational compensation in metabolic rates (metabolic cold adaptation). Cold acclimation decreased metabolic rate compared to warm-acclimated individuals from both high- and low-elevation populations. However, we did find countergradient variation in growth rates, with individuals from high-elevation populations growing faster and to a larger final size than individuals from low-elevation populations. Females grew faster to a larger size than males, although as adults their metabolic rates did not differ significantly. The combined physiological and morphological data suggest that high-elevation individuals grow quickly and achieve larger size while maintaining metabolic rates at levels not significantly different from low-elevation individuals. Thus, morphological differentiation among tree weta populations, in concert with genetic variation, might provide the material required for adaptation to changing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bulgarella
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Steven A Trewick
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - A Jonathan R Godfrey
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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Goldberg J, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. Intercontinental island hopping: Colonization and speciation of the grasshopper genus Phaulacridium (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Australasia. ZOOL ANZ 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Goldberg J, Knapp M, Emberson RM, Townsend JI, Trewick SA. Species radiation of carabid beetles (broscini: mecodema) in new zealand. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86185. [PMID: 24465949 PMCID: PMC3900486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
New Zealand biodiversity has often been viewed as Gondwanan in origin and age, but it is increasingly apparent from molecular studies that diversification, and in many cases origination of lineages, postdate the break-up of Gondwanaland. Relatively few studies of New Zealand animal species radiations have as yet been reported, and here we consider the species-rich genus of carabid beetles, Mecodema. Constrained stratigraphic information (emergence of the Chatham Islands) and a substitution rate for Coleoptera were separately used to calibrate Bayesian relaxed molecular clock date estimates for diversification of Mecodema. The inferred timings indicate radiation of these beetles no earlier than the mid-Miocene with most divergences being younger, dating to the Plio-Pleistocene. A shallow age for the radiation along with a complex spatial distribution of these taxa involving many instances of sympatry implicates recent ecological speciation rather than a simplistic allopatric model. This emphasises the youthful and dynamic nature of New Zealand evolution that will be further elucidated with detailed ecological and population genetic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Goldberg
- Department of Morphology, Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology & Anthropology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Knapp
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Steven A. Trewick
- Ecology Group, Institute of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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CHAPPELL ESTAM, TREWICK STEVENA, MORGAN-RICHARDS MARY. Shape and sound reveal genetic cohesion not speciation in the New Zealand orthopteran, Hemiandrus pallitarsis, despite high mitochondrial DNA divergence. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01777.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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