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Trewick SA, Koot EM, Morgan-Richards M. Ngāokeoke Aotearoa: The Peripatoides Onychophora of New Zealand. Insects 2024; 15:248. [PMID: 38667378 PMCID: PMC11050097 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Originally described as a single taxon, Peripatoides novaezealandiae (Hutton, 1876) are distributed across both main islands of New Zealand; the existence of multiple distinct lineages of live-bearing Onychophora across this spatial range has gradually emerged. Morphological conservatism obscured the true endemic diversity, and the inclusion of molecular tools has been instrumental in revealing these cryptic taxa. (2) Methods: Here, we review the diversity of the ovoviviparous Onychophora of New Zealand through a re-analysis of allozyme genotype data, mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequences, geographic information and morphology. (3) Results: New analysis of the multilocus biallelic nuclear data using methods that do not require a priori assumptions of population assignment support at least six lineages of ovoviviparous Peripatoides in northern New Zealand, and mtDNA sequence variation is consistent with these divisions. Expansion of mitochondrial DNA sequence data, including representation of all existing taxa and additional populations extends our knowledge of the scale of sympatry among taxa and shows that three other lineages from southern South Island can be added to the Peripatoides list, and names are proposed here. In total, 10 species of Peripatoides can be recognised with current data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Emily M. Koot
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd., Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology, School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
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Trewick SA, Koot EM, Morgan-Richards M. Mwhitiwhiti Aotearoa: Phylogeny and synonymy of the silent alpine grasshopper radiation of New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Zootaxa 2023; 5383:225-241. [PMID: 38221250 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5383.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Aotearoa New Zealand has a fauna of endemic alpine grasshoppers, consisting of thirteen species distributed among four genera. The many re-classifications of species within this group and the presence of species complexes highlight the uncertainty that surrounds relationships within and between these genera. High-throughput Next Generation Sequencing was used to assemble the complete mitochondrial genomes, 45S ribosomal cassettes and histone sequences of New Zealands four endemic alpine genera: Alpinacris, Brachaspis, Paprides and Sigaus. Phylogenetic analysis of these molecular datasets, as individual genes, partitions and combinations returned a consistent topology that is incompatible with the current classification. The genera Sigaus, Alpinacris, and Paprides all exhibit paraphyly. A consideration of the pronotum, epiphallus and terminalia of adult specimens reveals species-specific differences, but fails to provide compelling evidence for species groups justifying distinct genera. In combination with phylogenetic, morphological and spatial evidence we propose a simplified taxonomy consisting of a single genus for the mwhitiwhiti Aotearoa species radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Trewick
- Wildlife & Ecology Group; SNS; Massey University; Palmerston North; New Zealand.
| | - Emily M Koot
- Wildlife & Ecology Group; SNS; Massey University; Palmerston North; New Zealand; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd; Palmerston North; New Zealand.
| | - Mary Morgan-Richards
- Wildlife & Ecology Group; SNS; Massey University; Palmerston North; New Zealand.
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Liggins L, Arranz V, Braid HE, Carmelet-Rescan D, Elleouet J, Egorova E, Gemmell MR, Hills SFK, Holland LP, Koot EM, Lischka A, Maxwell KH, McCartney LJ, Nguyen HTT, Noble C, Olmedo Rojas P, Parvizi E, Pearman WS, Sweatman JAN, Kaihoro TR, Walton K, Aguirre JD, Stewart LC. The future of molecular ecology in Aotearoa New Zealand: an early career perspective. J R Soc N Z 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2022.2097709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libby Liggins
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Vanessa Arranz
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heather E. Braid
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology and Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Ekaterina Egorova
- Massey Geoinformatics Collaboratory, School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Gemmell
- Plant Health and Environment Lab, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Simon F. K. Hills
- Ngāti Porou
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Emily M. Koot
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Alexandra Lischka
- AUT Lab for Cephalopod Ecology and Systematics, School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kimberley H. Maxwell
- Ngāti Porou
- Te Whakatōhea, Te Whānau-a-Apanui, Ngāitai, Ngāti Tūwharetoa
- Te Kōtahi Research Institute, Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Studies, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Hang T. T. Nguyen
- Faculty of Fisheries, University of Agriculture and Forestry, Hue University, Vietnam
| | - Cory Noble
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Elahe Parvizi
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Kerry Walton
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J. David Aguirre
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
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Koot EM, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. Climate change and alpine-adapted insects: modelling environmental envelopes of a grasshopper radiation. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:211596. [PMID: 35316945 PMCID: PMC8889178 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mountains create steep environmental gradients that are sensitive barometers of climate change. We calibrated 10 statistical models to formulate ensemble ecological niche models for 12 predominantly alpine, flightless grasshopper species in Aotearoa New Zealand, using their current distributions and current conditions. Niche models were then projected for two future global climate scenarios: representative concentration pathway (RCP) 2.6 (1.0°C rise) and RCP8.5 (3.7°C rise). Results were species specific, with two-thirds of our models suggesting a reduction in potential range for nine species by 2070, but surprisingly, for six species, we predict an increase in potential suitable habitat under mild (+1.0°C) or severe global warming (+3.7°C). However, when the limited dispersal ability of these flightless grasshoppers is taken into account, all 12 species studied are predicted to suffer extreme reductions in range, with a quarter likely to go extinct due to a 96-100% reduction in suitable habitat. Habitat loss is associated with habitat fragmentation that is likely to escalate stochastic vulnerability of remaining populations. Here, we present the predicted outcomes for an endemic radiation of alpine taxa as an exemplar of the challenges that alpine species, both in New Zealand and internationally, are subject to by anthropogenic climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Koot
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Steven A Trewick
- Wildlife and Ecology Group, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Koot EM, Morgan-Richards M, Trewick SA. An alpine grasshopper radiation older than the mountains, on Kā Tiritiri o te Moana (Southern Alps) of Aotearoa (New Zealand). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 147:106783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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