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Lee G, Jang SE, Jeong WG, Tsang YF, Baek K. Stabilization mechanism and long-term stability of endogenous heavy metals in manure-derived biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174801. [PMID: 39009162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis has been proposed to stabilize heavy metals present in livestock manure. However, many studies have not considered the applicability of manure-derived biochar containing endogenous heavy metals as an agricultural fertilizer. This study investigated the mechanisms through which pyrolysis stabilizes endogenous heavy metals in swine manure and the long-term stability of endogenous heavy metals in the biochar. As pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 °C to 700 °C, the potential ecological risk index decreased from 46.3 to 4.8 because the unstable fraction converted to organic-sulfide bonds and residues. Biochar prepared at 600 °C was the most stable and met the World Health Organization's phyto-availability standards (Cu 10 mg/kg, Zn 0.6 mg/kg). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that endogenous heavy metals were stabilized by complexation with organic matter and precipitated as metal-phosphate forms. After 40 cycles of wet-dry aging, the leachability of heavy metals (Cu 6.0 mg/kg, Zn 460.6 mg/kg) from biochar was still lower than that of swine manure (Cu 102.5 mg/kg and Zn 704.9 mg/kg), indicating the long-term stability of the heavy metals in the biochar. Pyrolysis dramatically lowered the environmental threat posed by endogenous heavy metals, demonstrating the applicability of swine manure-derived biochar compared to manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabeen Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy & Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Se-Eun Jang
- Department of Environment and Energy & Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gune Jeong
- Department of Environment and Energy & Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environment and Energy & Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Xu Y, Qi F, Yan Y, Sun W, Bai T, Lu N, Luo H, Liu C, Yuan B, Sheng Z, Liu T. The interaction of different chlorine-based additives with swine manure during pyrolysis: Effects on biochar properties and heavy metal volatilization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:52-61. [PMID: 37406504 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Poor properties and high concentrations of heavy metals are still major concerns of successful application of animal manure-derived biochar into the environment. This work thus proposed to add chlorine-based additives (Cl-additives, i.e., CaCl2, MgCl2, KCl, NaCl, and PVC, 50 g Cl/ kg) to improve biochar properties and enhance heavy metal volatilization during swine manure pyrolysis. The results showed that the addition of CaCl2 could improve the retention of carbon (C) by up to 13.1% during pyrolysis, whereas other Cl-additives had little effect on it. Moreover, CaCl2 could enhance the aromaticity of biochar, as indicated by lower H/C ratio than raw biochar. Pretreatment with CaCl2, MgCl2 and PVC reduced phosphorus (P) solubility but increased its bioavailability via the formation of chlorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3Cl). The CaCl2 was more effective for enhancing the volatilization efficiency of heavy metals than other Cl-additives, except for Pb that tended to react with the generated Ca5(PO4)3Cl to form more stable and less volatile Pb5(PO4)3Cl. However, high pyrolysis temperature (900℃) was essential for CaCl2 to simultaneously decrease the bioavailability of heavy metals. Our results indicated that co-pyrolysis of swine manure with CaCl2 is a promising strategy to increase C retention, P bioavailability, and volatilization of heavy metals, and, at higher temperature, reduce the bioavailability of biochar-born heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 Beijing East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210008, China; Global Centre for Environmental Research, Advanced Technology Center (ATC) Building, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Yubo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Weimin Sun
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Tianxia Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Nan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Hong Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Cong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Biao Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Zhenhuan Sheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Tingwu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/ Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
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Sui F, Wang M, Cui L, Quan G, Yan J, Li L. Pig manure biochar for contaminated soil management: nutrient release, toxic metal immobilization, and Chinese cabbage cultivation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 257:114928. [PMID: 37094485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pig manure could be an effective fertilizer source for soil, but with high concentrations of xic elements. It has been shown that the pyrolysis method could largely reduce the environmental risk of pig manure. However, the comprehensive analysis of both toxic metals immobilization effect and environmental risk of pig manure biochar applied as a soil amendment is rarely addressed. To address the knowledge gap, this study was carried out with pig manure (PM) and pig manure biochar (PMB). The PM was pyrolyzed at 450 ℃ and 700 ℃, the corresponding biochar was abbreviated as PMB450 and PMB700, respectively. The PM and PMB were applied in a pot experiment growing Chinese cabbage (Brassica rape L. ssp. Pekinensis) with clay-loam paddy soil. The application rates of PM were set at 0.5% (S), 2% (L), 4% (M) and 6% (H). With the equivalent mass principle, PMB450 and PMB700 were applied at 0.23% (S), 0.92% (L), 1.84% (M), 2.76% (H), and 0.192% (S), 0.7% (L), 1.4% (M), 2.1% (H), respectively. Parameters of Chinese cabbage biomass and quality, total and available concentrations of toxic metals in soil, and soil chemical properties were systemically measured. The main results of this study showed that compared with PM, PMB700 was more effective than PMB450, which induced the highest reductions of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd contents in cabbage by 62.6%, 73.0%, 43.9%, and 74.3%, respectively. Both PM and PMB increased the total contents of metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd) in soil, and PMB decreased the mobility of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd at high application rates (≥2%). Treatment with H-PMB700 reduced CaCl2 extractable Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd by 70.0%, 71.6%, 23.3%, and 15.9%, respectively. For Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd fractions with BCR extraction, PMB treatments, especially PMB700, were more effective than PM in decreasing the available fractions (F1 +F2 +F3) at high application rates (≥2%). Overall, pyrolysis with high temperature (e.g., 700 ℃) could significantly stabilize the toxic elements in PM and enhance PM's effect on toxic metals immobilization. The marked effects of PMB700 on toxic metal immobilization and cabbage quality improvement might be attributed to high ash contents and liming effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Sui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China; Shanghai Clean Land Environmental Technology Co., Ltd, China
| | - Liqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Guixiang Quan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Jinlong Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, No. 211 Jianjun East Road, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resources, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
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Fazzalari A, Abou‐Zaid M, Briens C, Briens L. Impact of post‐pyrolysis wash on biochar properties. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fazzalari
- Faculty of Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Mamdouh Abou‐Zaid
- Faculty of Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Cedric Briens
- Faculty of Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Lauren Briens
- Faculty of Engineering The University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
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Xu Y, Qu W, Sun B, Peng K, Zhang X, Xu J, Gao F, Yan Y, Bai T. Effects of added calcium-based additives on swine manure derived biochar characteristics and heavy metals immobilization. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 123:69-79. [PMID: 33571831 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although pyrolysis is a promising way for treating animal manure, the application is restricted with some limitations of biochar. To improve the quality of biochar derived from swine manure and enhance the immobilization of heavy metals (Cu and Zn) in it, swine manure was mixed with four types of Ca-based additives (CaO, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2, and Ca(H2PO4)2) prior to pyrolysis at 300-700 °C. The thermogravimetric characteristics of swine manure were obviously influenced The addition of CaO, CaCO3, and Ca(OH)2 during the whole decomposition process. Furthermore, with the addition of CaO and Ca(OH)2, the emission of CO2 and CO was substantially decreased at 200-500 °C, whereas the formation of CO, H2, CO2, and CH4 was drastically increased at 600-800 °C. The biochar produced with CaO addition had the highest pH, surface area and carbon content. Moreover, by addition of Ca-based additives, except for Ca(H2PO4)2, the transformation of labile Cu and Zn to the stable fraction was promoted, and the leachability and environmental risk of them were simultaneously reduced. In contrast, CaO and Ca(OH)2 were more favorable for the immobilization of Cu and Zn than CaCO3. Our study indicated that the catalytic pyrolysis using CaO was an effective and valuable method of animal manure treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology Around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Wei Qu
- Hydrogeology Group at the Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - Baoyi Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Kai Peng
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Xingzhou Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Fan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yubo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Tianxia Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China.
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Pandey SD, Mendonça FG, Rodrigues MN, Faria BPZ, Campos JLE, Noronha IFPC, Vieira SS, Santos NAV, Fernandes LA, Sampaio RA, Colen F, Magriotis ZM, Jorio A. Structural and elemental analysis of biochars in the search of a synthetic path to mimetize anthropic Amazon soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 279:111685. [PMID: 33321351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, chemical and structural properties of various biochars were analyzed and compared with those from a highly stable anthropic soil, Terra Preta de Índio (TPI). TPI is believed to be responsible for the fertility of Amazonian soils and their stability; therefore, the production of a synthetic TPI would be of great interest for agricultural applications. Biochar produced from different raw biomasses were comprehensively characterized and, based on the obtained results, a preliminary study was performed testing three different routes of chemical activation using nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and potassium hydroxide as activating agents. After chemical activations, metal contents in the biochars decreased, as expected, and high degrees of carbonization were observed. In the case of the activation performed with HNO3, intense signals related to carboxylic groups in TG-MS analysis and in potentiometric titrations point out to a highly oxygenated biochar. Structural analysis showed that activations generated point defects in sp2-carbon structures of biochar, with the material obtained after KOH activation showing a high surface area (569 m2 g-1), an important feature for the use as soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha D Pandey
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Quimica, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Engenharia, DESA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda G Mendonça
- Departamento de Quimica, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Marcio N Rodrigues
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Universitária, 1000, 39404-547, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz P Z Faria
- Departamento de Engenharia, DESA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - João L E Campos
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Igor F P C Noronha
- Departamento de Quimica, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sara S Vieira
- Departamento de Quimica, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nadiene A V Santos
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001 - Kennedy, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Fernandes
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Universitária, 1000, 39404-547, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Regynaldo A Sampaio
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Universitária, 1000, 39404-547, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Colen
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Universitária, 1000, 39404-547, Montes Claros, MG, Brazil
| | - Zuy M Magriotis
- Departamento de Engenharia, Escola de Engenharia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 1001 - Kennedy, 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - Ado Jorio
- Departamento de Física, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, 31.270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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