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Matharoo N, Mohd H, Michniak-Kohn B. Transferosomes as a transdermal drug delivery system: Dermal kinetics and recent developments. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1918. [PMID: 37527953 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of innovative approaches to deliver medications has been growing now for the last few decades and generates a growing interest in the dermatopharmaceutical field. Transdermal drug delivery in particular, remains an attractive alternative route for many therapeutics. However, due to the limitations posed by the barrier properties of the stratum corneum, the delivery of many pharmaceutical dosage forms remains a challenge. Most successful therapies using the transdermal route have been ones containing smaller lipophilic molecules with molecular weights of a few hundred Daltons. To overcome these limitations of size and lipophilicity of the drugs, transferosomes have emerged as a successful tool for transdermal delivery of a variety of therapeutics including hydrophilic actives, larger molecules, peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids. Transferosomes exhibit a flexible structure and higher surface hydrophilicity which both play a critical role in the transport of drugs and other solutes using hydration gradients as a driving force to deliver the molecules into and across the skin. This results in enhanced overall permeation as well as controlled release of the drug in the skin layers. Additionally, the physical-chemical properties of the transferosomes provide increased stability by preventing degradation of the actives by oxidation, light, and temperature. Here, we present the history of transferosomes from solid lipid nanoparticles and liposomes, their physical-chemical properties, dermal kinetics, and their recent advances as marketed dosage forms. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Lipid-Based Structures Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Matharoo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Dermal Research, Life Sciences Building, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Hana Mohd
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Dermal Research, Life Sciences Building, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Center for Dermal Research, Life Sciences Building, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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Calienni MN, Martínez LM, Izquierdo MC, Alonso SDV, Montanari J. Rheological and Viscoelastic Analysis of Hybrid Formulations for Topical Application. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2392. [PMID: 37896152 PMCID: PMC10610526 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The rheological and viscoelastic properties of hybrid formulations composed of vehicles designed for cutaneous topical application and loaded with ultradeformable liposomes (UDL) were assessed. UDL were selected for their established ability to transport both lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds through the skin, and are applicable in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Formulations underwent flow analysis and were fitted to the Herschel-Bulkley model due to their prevalent non-Newtonian behavior in most cases. Linear viscoelastic regions (LVR) were identified, and G' and G″ moduli were determined via frequency sweep steps, considering the impact of temperature and aging. The formulations exhibited non-Newtonian behavior with pseudoplastic traits in most cases, with UDL incorporation inducing rheological changes. LVR and frequency sweep tests indicated predominantly elastic solid behavior, with G' higher than G″, at different temperatures and post-production times. Tan δ values also illustrated a predominant solid-like behavior over liquid. This study provides pivotal insights into the rheological and viscoelastic features of topical formulations, emphasizing the crucial role of meticulous vehicle and formulation selection when incorporating UDL or analogous liposomal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Natalia Calienni
- Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal 1876, Argentina (J.M.)
- Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB), IMBICE (CONICET CCT-La Plata), La Plata 1906, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Nanosistemas de Aplicación Biotecnológica (LANSAB), Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Villa Tesei 1688, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Luis Manuel Martínez
- Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal 1876, Argentina (J.M.)
- Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB), IMBICE (CONICET CCT-La Plata), La Plata 1906, Argentina
| | - Maria Cecilia Izquierdo
- Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal 1876, Argentina (J.M.)
- Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB), IMBICE (CONICET CCT-La Plata), La Plata 1906, Argentina
| | - Silvia del Valle Alonso
- Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal 1876, Argentina (J.M.)
- Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB), IMBICE (CONICET CCT-La Plata), La Plata 1906, Argentina
| | - Jorge Montanari
- Laboratorio de Bio-Nanotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal 1876, Argentina (J.M.)
- Grupo de Biología Estructural y Biotecnología (GBEyB), IMBICE (CONICET CCT-La Plata), La Plata 1906, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Nanosistemas de Aplicación Biotecnológica (LANSAB), Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham, Villa Tesei 1688, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), La Plata 1900, Argentina
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Mohapatra D, Kumar DN, Shreya S, Panigrahi D, Agrawal AK, Sahu AN. Quality-by-design-based development of ultradeformable nanovesicular transgelosome of standardized Piper longum extract for melanoma. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:963-985. [PMID: 37503870 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer. The stratum corneum of the skin is a major obstacle to dermal and transdermal drug delivery. Ultradeformable nanovesicular transferosome has the capacity for deeper skin penetration and its incorporation into hydrogel forms a transgelosome that has better skin permeability and patient compliance. Method: Here, the quality-by-design-based development and optimization of nanovesicular transgelosome of standardized Piper longum fruit ethanolic extract (PLFEE) for melanoma therapy are reported. Results: Compared with standardized PLFEE-loaded plain gel, the transgelosome displayed optimal pharmaceutical properties and improved ex vivo skin permeability and in vivo tumor regression in B16F10 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Conclusion: The results reflect the potential of transgelosome for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debadatta Mohapatra
- Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dulla Naveen Kumar
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Singh Shreya
- Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dhananjay Panigrahi
- Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Integrated Product Development, Bachupally (V&M), Medchal District, Telangana, 500090, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrawal
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alakh N Sahu
- Phytomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, IIT (BHU), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Hu H, Liao Z, Xu M, Wan S, Wu Y, Zou W, Wu J, Fan Q. Fabrication, Optimization, and Evaluation of Paclitaxel and Curcumin Coloaded PLGA Nanoparticles for Improved Antitumor Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:976-986. [PMID: 36643566 PMCID: PMC9835547 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Codelivery of chemotherapeutic drugs in nanoparticles can enhance the therapeutic effects against tumors. However, their anticancer properties and physiochemical characteristics can be severely influenced by many formulation parameters during the preparation process. It is a complicated development phase to select the optimal parameters for preparation of nanoparticles based on the commonly used one single parameter method, which consumes a lot of money, time, and effort, and sometimes even fails. Therefore, the statistical analysis based on Box-Behnken design (BBD) has attracted much attention in bioengineering fields because it can illustrate the influence of parameters, build mathematical models, and predict the optimal combinational factors in a decreased number of experiments. In this study, we used a three-factor three-level BBD design to optimize the preparation of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles coloaded with two anticancer drugs curcumin and paclitaxel (PLGA-CUR-PTX nanoparticles). The surfactant concentration, polymer concentration, and oil-water ratio were selected as independent variables. An optimized model of the formulation for PLGA-CUR-PTX nanoparticles was validated. The optimal nanoparticles possessed a uniform spherical shape, with an average size of 99.94 nm, and the drug encapsulation efficiencies of CUR and PTX were 63.53 and 80.64%, respectively. The drug release from nanoparticles showed a biphasic release behavior, with a release mechanism via diffusion and fundamentally quasi-Fickian diffusion. The optimized nanoparticles demonstrated an enhanced cytotoxicity effect with lower IC50 values to 4T1 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines compared to free drugs. In summary, BBD optimization of CUR and PTX coloaded nanoparticles yielded a favorable drug carrier that holds potential as an alternative treatment for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Hu
- Department
of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan610075, China
- Sichuan
Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation
for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
| | - Zuyue Liao
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of
Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646099, China
| | - Mengyao Xu
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of
Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646099, China
| | - Shengli Wan
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of
Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646099, China
- Sichuan
Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation
for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
| | - Yuesong Wu
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of
Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646099, China
- Sichuan
Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation
for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
| | - Wenjun Zou
- Department
of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan610075, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- Sichuan
Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation
for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
- School
of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical
University, Luzhou646000, China
| | - Qingze Fan
- Department
of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of
Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan646099, China
- Sichuan
Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation,
Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation
for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou646000, China
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Kanshide A, Peram MR, Chandrasekhar N, Jamadar A, Kumbar V, Kugaji M. Formulation, Optimization, and Antioxidant Evaluation of Tetrahydrocurcumin-Loaded Ultradeformable Nanovesicular Cream. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Puri V, Froelich A, Shah P, Pringle S, Chen K, Michniak-Kohn B. Quality by Design Guided Development of Polymeric Nanospheres of Terbinafine Hydrochloride for Topical Treatment of Onychomycosis Using a Nano-Gel Formulation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102170. [PMID: 36297605 PMCID: PMC9611585 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Superficial fungal diseases of the skin and nails are an increasingly common occurrence globally, requiring effective topical treatment to avoid systemic adverse effects. Polymeric nanoparticles have demonstrated sustained and effective drug delivery in a variety of topical formulations. The aim of this project was to develop polymeric antifungal nanospheres containing terbinafine hydrochloride (TBH) to be loaded into a hydrogel formulation for topical nail drug delivery. A quality by design (QbD) approach was used to achieve optimized particles with the desired quality target product profile (QTPP). Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at 2% w/v and a drug to polymer ratio of 1:4, together with a robust set of processes and material attributes, resulted in nanoparticles of 108.7 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.63, 57.43% recovery, and other desirable characteristics such as zeta potential (ZP), particle shape, aggregation, etc. The nanospheres were incorporated into a carbomer-based gel, and the delivery of TBH through this formulation was evaluated by means of in vitro drug release testing (IVRT) and ex vivo nail permeation study. The gel containing the TBH nanospheres demonstrated a slower and controlled drug release profile compared with the control gel, in addition to a more efficient delivery into the nail. These antifungal nanospheres can be utilized for topical therapy of a multitude of superficial fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinam Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
- Center for Dermal Research, Life Science Building, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anna Froelich
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Parinbhai Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
- Center for Dermal Research, Life Science Building, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shernelle Pringle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
- Center for Dermal Research, Life Science Building, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA
- Center for Dermal Research, Life Science Building, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(848)-445-3589
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7
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Jamadar AT, Peram MR, Chandrasekhar N, Kanshide A, Kumbar VM, Diwan PV. Formulation, Optimization, and Evaluation of Ultradeformable Nanovesicles for Effective Topical Delivery of Hydroquinone. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Akram MW, Jamshaid H, Rehman FU, Zaeem M, Khan JZ, Zeb A. Transfersomes: a Revolutionary Nanosystem for Efficient Transdermal Drug Delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:7. [PMID: 34853906 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Transdermal delivery system has gained significance in drug delivery owing to its advantages over the conventional delivery systems. However, the barriers of stratum corneum along with skin irritation are its major limitations. Various physical and chemical techniques have been employed to alleviate these impediments. Among all these, transfersomes have shown potential for overcoming the associated limitations and successfully delivering therapeutic agents into systemic circulation. These amphipathic vesicles are composed of phospholipids and edge activators. Along with providing elasticity, edge activator also affects the vesicular size and entrapment efficiency of transfersomes. The mechanism behind the enhanced permeation of transfersomes through the skin involves their deformability and osmotic gradient across the application site. Permeation enhancers can further enhance their permeability. Biocompatibility; capacity for carrying hydrophilic, lipophilic as well as high molecular weight therapeutics; deformability; lesser toxicity; enhanced permeability; and scalability along with potential for surface modification, active targeting, and controlled release render them ideal designs for efficient drug delivery. The current review provides a brief account of the discovery, advantages, composition, synthesis, comparison with other cutaneous nano-drug delivery systems, applications, and recent developments in this area.
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Can A, Tyler AI, Mackie AR. Potential use of bile salts in lipid self-assembled systems for the delivery of phytochemicals. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Oyarzún P, Gallardo-Toledo E, Morales J, Arriagada F. Transfersomes as alternative topical nanodosage forms for the treatment of skin disorders. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2465-2489. [PMID: 34706575 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is a promising approach to treat different skin disorders. However, it remains a challenge mainly due to the nature and rigidity of the nanosystems, which limit deep skin penetration, and the unsuccessful demonstration of clinical benefits; greater penetration by itself, does not ensure pharmacological success. In this context, transfersomes have appeared as promising nanosystems; deformability, their unique characteristic, allows them to pass through the epidermal microenvironment, improving the skin drug delivery. This review focuses on the comparison of transfersomes with other nanosystems (e.g., liposomes), discusses recent therapeutic applications for the topical treatment of different skin disorders and highlights the need for further studies to demonstrate significant clinical benefits of transfersomes compared with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Javier Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Francisco Arriagada
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
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Ultradeformable vesicles: concepts and applications relating to the delivery of skin cosmetics. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:739-756. [PMID: 34519219 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2021-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a phenomenon resulting in reduced self-confidence, thus becoming a major factor in social determinants of health. The use of active cosmetic ingredients can help prevent skin aging. Transfersomes are well known to be capable of deeply penetrating the dermis. This scoping review provides an insight into transfersomes and their prospective use in anti-aging cosmetics. Numerous reports exist highlighting the successful skin delivery of therapeutic agents such as high-molecular-weight, poorly water soluble and poorly permeable active ingredients by means of transfersomes. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that transfersomes increase the deposition, penetration and efficacy of active ingredients. However, the use of transfersomes in the delivery of active cosmetic ingredients is limited. Considering their similar physicochemical properties, transfersomes should possess considerable potential as a delivery system for anti-aging cosmetics.
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12
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Souto EB, Macedo AS, Dias-Ferreira J, Cano A, Zielińska A, Matos CM. Elastic and Ultradeformable Liposomes for Transdermal Delivery of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9743. [PMID: 34575907 PMCID: PMC8472566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) through the skin, by means of topical drug delivery systems, is an advanced therapeutic approach. As the skin is the largest organ of the human body, primarily acting as a natural protective barrier against permeation of xenobiotics, specific strategies to overcome this barrier are needed. Liposomes are nanometric-sized delivery systems composed of phospholipids, which are key components of cell membranes, making liposomes well tolerated and devoid of toxicity. As their lipid compositions are similar to those of the skin, liposomes are used as topical, dermal, and transdermal delivery systems. However, permeation of the first generation of liposomes through the skin posed some limitations; thus, a second generation of liposomes has emerged, overcoming permeability problems. Various mechanisms of permeation/penetration of elastic/ultra-deformable liposomes into the skin have been proposed; however, debate continues on their extent/mechanisms of permeation/penetration. In vivo bioavailability of an API administered in the form of ultra-deformable liposomes is similar to the bioavailability achieved when the same API is administered in the form of a solution by subcutaneous or epi-cutaneous injection, which demonstrates their applicability in transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana B. Souto
- CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.D.-F.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ana S. Macedo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal;
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences—Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Dias-Ferreira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.D.-F.); (A.Z.)
| | - Amanda Cano
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleksandra Zielińska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.D.-F.); (A.Z.)
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Carla M. Matos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal;
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Khurana B, Arora D, Narang RK. QbD based exploration of resveratrol loaded polymeric micelles based carbomer gel for topical treatment of plaque psoriasis: In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Arora D, Khurana B, Nanda S. Statistical development and in vivo evaluation of resveratrol-loaded topical gel containing deformable vesicles for a significant reduction in photo-induced skin aging and oxidative stress. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:1898-1910. [PMID: 32962434 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2020.1826507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aims to formulate and evaluate a novel vesicular formulation of resveratrol to achieve its dermatological benefits in terms of antiphotoaging and antioxidant. METHOD In this study, resveratrol-loaded deformable vesicular gel was prepared and optimized using Box-Behnken design. Selected critical material attributes were amount of phospholipid (X1), concentration of ethanol (X2), and amount of sodium cholate (X3). The prepared transethosomal vesicles were incorporated into carbopol gel base and evaluated. Ultraviolet radiation-induced skin aging and oxidative stress model in Swiss Albino mice was used to evaluate the clinical potential of the developed formulation and compared with conventional gel. Levels of Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, protein content, and malondialdehyde were measured to assess the extent of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species inhibition in different groups. RESULT DoE was successfully employed to optimize the vesicular formulation. Vesicle size was found to be 158.9 ± 7.65 nm, while values of entrapment efficiency and skin deposition were found to be 77.83 ± 2.87% and 371.84 ± 5.12 µg cm-2, respectively. Visual skin grading and histopathological studies confirmed the higher efficacy of transethosomal resveratrol against oxidative stress. Significant enhancement in the levels of antioxidant enzymes and protein content confirmed the ameliorated potential of flexible transethosomal resveratrol as compared to the plain gel of resveratrol. CONCLUSION Restoration of first-line defense mechanism in chronic UV-exposed animal model has proved that transethosomal resveratrol can be developed as an innovative cosmetic product for significant improvement and repair of photo-aged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India.,Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Bharat Khurana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, India
| | - Sanju Nanda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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