1
|
Morgan BE, Hodgson NA, Massimo LM, Ravitch SM. The Listening Guide: Illustrating an underused voice-centred methodology to foreground underrepresented research populations. J Adv Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38415935 DOI: 10.1111/jan.16054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
AIM To highlight the value of utilizing the Listening Guide methodology for nursing research and provide an exemplar applying this methodology to explore a novel concept in an underrepresented group-inner strength in persons newly diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment along with their care partners. DESIGN Methodology discussion paper. METHODS The exemplar study used the Listening Guide methods for data elicitation and analysis. Methods included adaptations for the study population and novice qualitative researchers. RESULTS The Listening Guide methodology with adaptations enabled the research team to centre the voices of persons living with mild cognitive impairment, highlight an abstract phenomenon and attend to the influences of the sociopolitical context. Further, this methodology helped address common challenges emerging qualitative researchers encounter, including understanding methods of application, engaging reflexively and immersing in the data. CONCLUSION The Listening Guide is a voice-centred qualitative methodology that is well suited to foreground the experiences of groups underrepresented in research and explore emerging phenomena. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Nurses are central to striving for health equity. The Listening Guide methodology offers a valuable and accessible research tool to understand the experiences and needs of underrepresented groups and shape healthcare in response. IMPACT The Listening Guide methodology can be broadly applied to research with persons with mild cognitive impairment, and other underrepresented groups, to explore other phenomena beyond inner strength and move the science forward in representing the perspectives of groups underrepresented by research. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Persons living with cognitive impairment and their care partners participated in study conceptualization, interview guide development, methods development and dissemination plans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brianna E Morgan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nancy A Hodgson
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren M Massimo
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- New Courtland Center for Transitions and Health, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sharon M Ravitch
- University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
O'Neill M, Duffy O, Henderson M, Kernohan WG. Identification of eating, drinking and swallowing difficulties for people living with early-stage dementia: A systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2023; 58:1994-2007. [PMID: 37483095 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of dementia is increasing, bringing a range of challenges, such as eating, drinking and swallowing (EDS) difficulties, that are associated with aspiration, which can be fatal. Early identification of EDS difficulty in early-stage dementia could prevent complications, but reliable indicators are needed to help develop pathways to support the diagnosis. Previous reviews of this area require updating. AIMS To identify reliable and clinically measurable indicators of EDS difficulty used in early-stage dementia. METHODS & PROCEDURES A systematic search was conducted using common databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsychInfo). Articles reporting indicators of EDS difficulty in early-stage dementia or mild cognitive impairment were included. The reliability of included studies was critically appraised using the risk of bias tools. Study outcomes were narratively reviewed by considering the reliability, clinical measurability and applicability of EDS indicators to early-stage dementia. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Initial searches returned 2443 articles. After removing duplicates, limiting to English language and human studies, 1589 articles remained. After reviewing titles, 60 abstracts were reviewed, yielding 18 full-text articles. A total of 12 articles were excluded that did not report at least one indicator of EDS difficulty in early-stage dementia, or where the reported association was not strong. Six included studies that reported eight indicators of EDS difficulty in early-stage dementia (four studies including people with Alzheimer's disease). On the balance of measurability, reliability and applicability, the most promising indicators of EDS difficulty were: delayed oral transit, rinsing ability, sarcopenia and polypharmacy. Additional, less reliable and applicable indicators included: always opened lips and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment, especially in men. The delayed pharyngeal response is subjectively measured when instrumental assessment is not available and the 'candy sucking test' cannot be recommended because there is an inherent choking risk. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS EDS difficulty in early-stage dementia can be highlighted by indicators that could be combined to create enhanced pathways to support the early identification of EDS difficulties for people living with early-stage dementia with a view to preventing complications and facilitating informed discussions regarding wishes in the event of further deterioration. Exploring the experiences of people living with dementia and their families' perspectives on potential indicators of EDS difficulty may add to the existing evidence base. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on the subject Early identification of EDS difficulty in early-stage dementia may prevent complications, but more reliable and clinically measurable indicators of EDS difficulty are needed to help develop pathways to support diagnosis. What this paper adds to existing knowledge A comprehensive range of studies related to EDS identification in early-stage dementia have been selected and reviewed. Across six included studies, the most promising indicators of EDS difficulty in early-stage dementia included delayed oral transit, poor rinsing ability, presence of sarcopenia and polypharmacy. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? This study could help to develop pathways to support the early identification of EDS difficulties for people living with early-stage dementia with a view to preventing complications and facilitating informed discussions regarding wishes in the event of further deterioration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O'Neill
- Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - Orla Duffy
- Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - Mo Henderson
- Northern Health and Social Care Trust, Antrim, UK
| | - W George Kernohan
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roberts JR, MacLeod CA, Hoare Z, Sullivan MP, Brotherhood E, Stott J, Windle G. Development of an item pool for a patient reported outcome measure of resilience for people living with dementia. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2023; 7:96. [PMID: 37755535 PMCID: PMC10533765 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-023-00638-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Policies to support people living with dementia increasingly focus on strengths-based approaches, highlighting the importance of building resilience. This research responds to the lack of a suitable resilience measure for people with dementia. It develops a pool of items to inform a new measure of resilience for this population. METHODS A conceptual model and associated data informed the item generation of the draft resilience measure. Regular meetings with professionals (n = 7) discussed response-scale formatting, content and face validity, leading to refinement and item reduction. Cognitive interviews with people living with dementia (n = 11) then examined the face and content validity of items and the suitability of response-scale formatting. These two phases informed subsequent revision and further item reduction of the resilience measure. RESULTS The first item generation exercise led to 140 items. These were independently assessed by the professionals and this refinement reduced the measure to 63 items across 7 domains of the conceptual model (psychological strengths; practical approaches for adapting to life with dementia; continuing with hobbies, interests and activities; strong relationships with family and friends; peer support and education; participating in community activities; the role of professional support services). Cognitive interviews explored the 63 items with people living with dementia. Detailed feedback led to items removed due to difficulty with (a) understanding (N = 7); (b) answering (n = 11); (c) low preference for that item (n = 6); and (d) presence of a preferred item within a cluster of similar questions (n = 4). Items were amended to enhance clarity/conciseness (n = 19) leading to a final 37-item pool. CONCLUSION Established methods for measurement development included the expertise of people with dementia and led to the generation of a set of items for a new resilience measure that were understandable and acceptable to this target population. This 37-item pool reflects the conceptual understanding of resilience in dementia as being derived across individual, community and societal level resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoe Hoare
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Mary Pat Sullivan
- Faculty of Education and Professional Studies, School of Social Work, Nipissing University, North Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Emilie Brotherhood
- Dementia Research Centre, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Joshua Stott
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Gill Windle
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amonoo HL, Lam JA, Daskalakis E, Deary EC, Celano C, Onyeaka HK, Newcomb R, Barata A, Horick N, Cutler C, Pirl WF, Lee SJ, Huffman JC, El-Jawahri A. Positive Psychological Well-Being in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Survivors. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:583.e1-583.e9. [PMID: 37442349 PMCID: PMC10529897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Positive thoughts and emotions contribute to overall psychological health in diverse medical populations, including patients undergoing HSCT. However, few studies have described positive psychological well-being (eg, optimism, gratitude, flourishing) in patients undergoing HSCT using well-established, validated patient-reported outcome measures. We conducted cross-sectional secondary analyses of baseline data in 156 patients at 100 days post-HSCT enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a psychological intervention (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05147311) and a prospective study assessing medication adherence at a tertiary care academic cancer center from September 2021 to December 2022. We used descriptive statistics to outline participant reports of positive psychological well-being (PPWB) using validated measures for optimism, gratitude, positive affect, life satisfaction, and flourishing. The participants had a mean age of 57.4 ± 13.1 years, and 51% were male (n = 79). Many, but not all, participants reported high levels of PPWB (ie, optimism, gratitude, positive affect, life satisfaction, and flourishing), defined as agreement with items on a given PPWB measure. For example, for optimism, 29% of participants did not agree that "overall, I expect more good things to happen to me than bad." Aside from life satisfaction, mean PPWB scores were higher in the HSCT population than in other illness populations. Although many patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing HSCT report high levels of PPWB, a substantial minority of patients reported low PPWB (i.e., no agreement with items on a given PPWB measure). Because PPWB is associated with important clinical outcomes in medical populations, further research should determine whether an intervention to promote PPWB can improve quality of life in HSCT recipients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermioni L Amonoo
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Jeffrey A Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Emma C Deary
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher Celano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry K Onyeaka
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Richard Newcomb
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anna Barata
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nora Horick
- Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Mass General Hospital Biostatistics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Corey Cutler
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William F Pirl
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeff C Huffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Areej El-Jawahri
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Mass General Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
A systematic review and psychometric evaluation of resilience measurement scales for people living with dementia and their carers. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:298. [PMCID: PMC9675235 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychometrically sound resilience outcome measures are essential to establish how health and care services or interventions can enhance the resilience of people living with dementia (PLWD) and their carers. This paper systematically reviews the literature to identify studies that administered a resilience measurement scale with PLWD and/or their carers and examines the psychometric properties of these measures. Electronic abstract databases and the internet were searched, and an international network contacted to identify peer-reviewed journal articles. Two authors independently extracted data. They critically reviewed the measurement properties from the available psychometric data in the studies, using a standardised checklist adapted for purpose. Fifty-one studies were included in the final review, which applied nine different resilience measures, eight developed in other populations and one developed for dementia carers in Thailand. None of the measures were developed for use with people living with dementia. The majority of studies (N = 47) focussed on dementia carers, three studies focussed on people living with dementia and one study measured both carers and the person with dementia. All the studies had missing information regarding the psychometric properties of the measures as applied in these two populations. Nineteen studies presented internal consistency data, suggesting seven of the nine measures demonstrate acceptable reliability in these new populations. There was some evidence of construct validity, and twenty-eight studies hypothesised effects a priori (associations with other outcome measure/demographic data/differences in scores between relevant groups) which were partially supported. The other studies were either exploratory or did not specify hypotheses. This limited evidence does not necessarily mean the resilience measure is not suitable, and we encourage future users of resilience measures in these populations to report information to advance knowledge and inform further reviews. All the measures require further psychometric evaluation in both these populations. The conceptual adequacy of the measures as applied in these new populations was questionable. Further research to understand the experience of resilience for people living with dementia and carers could establish the extent current measures -which tend to measure personal strengths -are relevant and comprehensive, or whether further work is required to establish a new resilience outcome measure.
Collapse
|
6
|
McGee JS, McElroy M, Meraz R, Myers DR. A qualitative analysis of virtues and strengths in persons living with early stage dementia informed by the values in action framework. DEMENTIA 2022; 22:46-67. [PMID: 36215111 DOI: 10.1177/14713012221131857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence that individuals' virtues and character strengths can contribute to a sense of fulfillment, the majority of dementia research focuses on losses and decline. To date, virtues and character strengths in persons living with dementia is an understudied phenomena. This study begins to addresses this gap in the literature. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine the expression of virtues and character strengths in persons living with dementia in the early stages; and (2) share implications and recommendations for strengths-based clinical practice and future research. METHODS Qualitative data was utilized to examine virtues and character strengths among persons living with dementia. This data was derived from semi-structured interviews with 25 persons living with dementia age 65 or older (average age of 77.88). The interviews were audio recorded with consent, professionally transcribed, audit checked, and subjected to Interpretive Phenomenological analysis which was informed by the Values in Action (VIA) framework. FINDINGS Each of the virtues and 24 corresponding character strengths from the VIA framework were observed in this sample. The most frequently observed character strengths were love, spirituality, perseverance, and gratitude. IMPLICATIONS Persons with dementia continue to express virtues and character strengths in the context of cognitive and functional changes. Positive strengths-based research and clinical practice should highlight and build upon these individual virtues and character strengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn S McGee
- Diane R. Garland School of Social Work, 14643Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Michaela McElroy
- Diane R. Garland School of Social Work, 14643Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Meraz
- Louise Herrington School of Nursing, 14643Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Dennis R Myers
- Diane R. Garland School of Social Work, 14643Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
García C, Moreno L, Alacreu M, Muñoz FJ, Martínez LA. Addressing Psychosocial Factors in Cognitive Impairment Screening from a Holistic Perspective: The DeCo-Booklet Methodology Design and Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12911. [PMID: 36232215 PMCID: PMC9565987 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI), an intermediate phase between the decline in physiological cognition and dementia, is known to be mediated by a variety of risk and protective factors, with age being the most influential of these. The multifactorial nature of CI and the worldwide phenomenon of an aging population makes decoupling old age from disease through the concept of healthy aging (HA) a matter of major interest. Focusing on psychosocial variables and psychological constructs, here we designed and piloted a data collection booklet (DeCo-B) to assess CI and HA from a holistic perspective. The DeCo-B comprises six sections: sociodemographic factors, CI, meaning in life, psychosocial factors, health problems, and lifestyle. The estimated prevalence of CI and HA in our cohort were 24.4% and 6.6%, respectively. Spearman correlations mainly identified pairwise associations between the meaning in life domains and psychosocial variables. Moreover, age, marital status, purpose in life, resilience, chronic pain, cognitive reserve, and obstructive sleep apnea were significantly associated with an increased risk of CI. Our results showed that DeCo-B is a suitable tool for researching how modifiable risk and protective factors influence cognitive status. The complex interrelationships between variables should be further investigated and, for practical reasons, the questionnaire should be optimized in future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García
- Cátedra DeCo MICOF-CEU UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Community Pharmacist, 02161 Albacete, Spain
| | - Lucrecia Moreno
- Cátedra DeCo MICOF-CEU UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mónica Alacreu
- Cátedra DeCo MICOF-CEU UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Muñoz
- Cátedra DeCo MICOF-CEU UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Embedded Systems and Artificial Intelligence Group, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis A. Martínez
- Cátedra DeCo MICOF-CEU UCH, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Community Pharmacist, 02161 Albacete, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mast BT, Molony SL, Nicholson N, Kate Keefe C, DiGasbarro D. Person-centered assessment of people living with dementia: Review of existing measures. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2021; 7:e12138. [PMID: 34095438 PMCID: PMC8149970 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Person-centered care and assessment calls for measurement tools that help researchers and providers understand people with dementia, their social relationships, and their experience of the care environment. This paper reviewed available measures and evaluated their psychometric properties. METHODS Literature searches of major databases (PsycInfo, PubMed, EBSCO, CINAHL) for papers examining person-centered constructs in samples of people living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment. Reliability and validity coefficients were reviewed and reported. RESULTS We identified 26 unique measures that had been tested in samples of people living with dementia. Twelve measures of hope, well-being, engagement, social relationships, meaning, resilience, stigma, spiritual beliefs and practices, values and preferences, and positive psychology constructs had strong psychometric properties in samples with dementia. DISCUSSION A variety of reliability and valid measures were identified for use in person-centered care and research with people living with dementia. Additional measure development is needed for key person-centered concepts including dignity and strengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Mast
- Psychological & Brain SciencesUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
| | | | | | | | - Diana DiGasbarro
- Psychological & Brain SciencesUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentuckyUSA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Färber F, Rosendahl J. Trait resilience and mental health in older adults: A meta-analytic review. Personal Ment Health 2020; 14:361-375. [PMID: 32573068 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to systematically review research on the association between resilience as a personality trait and mental health in older adults and to meta-analytically quantify this relation. METHODS We included studies assessing older adults (mean age 60 years or older), measuring trait resilience with a version of the Resilience Scale (RS) by Wagnild and Young and mental health. We conducted a comprehensive search in Medline, Web of Science, PsycInfo, PubPsych, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Full Text database and the theses database of the German National Library for eligible studies. Study data on associations between resilience and mental health were aggregated using a random-effects model. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies with 13 444 participants were included. Trait resilience and mental health were strongly interrelated (r = 0.40, 95% CI [0.36; 0.44]) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 83%). Published studies revealed larger associations between resilience and mental health (r = 0.41 [0.37; 0.45]) than unpublished studies (r = 0.25 [0.11; 0.38]). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of resilience are associated with better mental health in older persons. Because associations were solely assessed cross-sectionally, longitudinal studies are highly needed to draw causal inferences. © 2020 The Authors Personality and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Färber
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Rosendahl
- Institute of Psychosocial Medicine and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Clarke C, Woods B, Moniz-Cook E, Mountain G, Øksnebjerg L, Chattat R, Diaz A, Gove D, Vernooij-Dassen M, Wolverson E. Measuring the well-being of people with dementia: a conceptual scoping review. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2020; 18:249. [PMID: 32709238 PMCID: PMC7382062 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-020-01440-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enabling people with dementia to 'live well' is a policy and research priority in many countries. However, instruments for measuring outcomes of psychosocial interventions designed to promote well-being in dementia are often derived from a symptom-focused, loss/deficit approach, or from broad quality of life concepts. A pan-European dementia working group called for research on the development of an alternative asset/strengths-based conceptual framework of well-being in dementia. This paper takes forward this recommendation by developing such a framework and using this to map relevant self-report outcome measures. METHODS Three scoping reviews of published studies were conducted iteratively. First, we examined the literature on lived experiences of well-being and quality of life in people with dementia and then the wider dementia literature for application of well-being constructs. The synthesised findings generated conceptual domains of well-being in people with dementia. Corresponding self-report instruments used in dementia research were scoped, categorised within the conceptual framework and their potential value in measuring outcomes for people with dementia was examined. FINDINGS Six conceptual domains for the measurement of well-being and 35 self-report instruments that have been used with people with dementia were identified. Six instruments were developed specifically for people with dementia, five were derived from the gerontological literature and 24 from the well-being literature. Fifteen instruments and one sub-scale have been examined for psychometric properties amongst people with dementia. To date, 20 have been used as outcome measures, with seven measuring change over time. A number of identified instruments utilise traditional retrospective Likert-scaling response formats, limiting their potential for use with some groups of people with dementia. CONCLUSION An assets/strengths-based framework is presented, outlining structural domains for selecting self-report measures of well-being in people with dementia. It provides a foundation for enhancing research into processes and outcomes of psychosocial interventions, including instrument development, more precise matching of intervention aims with outcome measurement, and newer technology-based 'in-the-moment' measurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Clarke
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Bob Woods
- DSDC Wales, Bangor University, Ardudwy, Holyhead Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2PZ UK
| | - Esme Moniz-Cook
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| | - Gail Mountain
- School of Dementia Studies, University of Bradford, Richmond Rd, Bradford, BD7 1DP UK
| | - Laila Øksnebjerg
- Danish Dementia Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Section 6922, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rabih Chattat
- Department of Psychology Università di Bologna - Via Zamboni, 33 - 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Diaz
- Alzheimer Europe, L-1417 14, rue Dicks, Luxembourg
| | - Dianne Gove
- Alzheimer Europe, L-1417 14, rue Dicks, Luxembourg
| | - Myrra Vernooij-Dassen
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Scientific Center for Quality of Healthcare, IQ Healthcare 114, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Wolverson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Moye J. Introductory to Issue 40(4): Growing Our Assessment Toolbox. Clin Gerontol 2017; 40:231-232. [PMID: 28850327 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2017.1344047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Moye
- a VA Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| |
Collapse
|