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Zainal FR, Abdul Rahman ZA, Daniel Lim KH, Chan SS, Tan CC. Prevalence of occult cervical lymph nodes metastasis in CN0 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY, ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY 2024:102070. [PMID: 39255915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2024.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Occult metastasis is not easily detected clinically or radiographically. Various methods have been applied for neck control for clinically N0 via elective neck dissection (END), wait and watch (W&W) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The main aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of occult cervical lymph nodes metastasis in cN0 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, to investigate and compare the disease-free state and overall survival rate between occult metastasis and the non-occult group that presented at the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. This is a retrospective study involving 48 patients with complete data from 2008 to 2019. Data collected includes socio-demographic and clinicopathologic factors. Descriptive analysis was performed and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare disease-free status and overall survival period between occult and non-occult metastases groups. The prevalence of occult metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was low at 8.3 % but it became 100 % on OSCC tongue. The main tumor site for occult metastasis originated from the oral tongue with T2 size. Non-occult group had better overall survival rate comparing to occult metastasis group and the advanced group. Therefore, END is recommended particularly for N0 OSCC tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhli Reza Zainal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zainal Ariff Abdul Rahman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khim Hock Daniel Lim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze Seng Chan
- Medical Company (Parachute), 10th Parachute Brigade, Malaysian Army, Malaysia
| | - Chuey Chuan Tan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Leuci S, Coppola N, Viglione AP, Blasi A, Ramaglia L, Cantile T, Mignogna MD. Knowledge, attitude, and practice in oral cancer: A national survey on 150 dental hygienists. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3205-3213. [PMID: 35708544 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore knowledge, practice, and attitude on oral cancer (OC) among a cohort of Italian dental hygienists, in consideration of their role in the field of early diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of 150 Italian dental hygienists was performed to assess the participant's knowledge, practice, and attitude on OC. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire (through Google Forms). The questionnaire included four sections: sociodemographic information, disease knowledge, answers related to attitudes toward OC, and a questionnaire assessing the practice of dental hygienists on oral screening. RESULTS Responses were received from 137 participants (83 women and 54 men). Overall, there is a good knowledge of the real risk factors among the participants (98.5%, 98.5%, and 94.2% regard smoking, alcohol, and HPV, respectively). The analysis related to the knowledge of non-risk factors, oral potentially malignant disorders, and clinical features of OC showed more heterogeneous results. Only 60% considered university education to be adequate. The totality of dental hygienists considered continuing education necessary, but despite this, only half took updating courses. Finally, 90% performed intraoral screening visits, and 95% and 69% investigated smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed the need to implement OC training courses by re-evaluating pre- and post-graduate training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Leuci
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Noemi Coppola
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Viglione
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Blasi
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ramaglia
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cantile
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Michele Davide Mignogna
- Oral Medicine Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Dalir Abdolahinia E, Han X. The Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models in the Study of Oral Cancer Immune Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4266. [PMID: 37686542 PMCID: PMC10487272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset and progression of oral cancer are accompanied by a dynamic interaction with the host immune system, and the immune cells within the tumor microenvironment play a pivotal role in the development of the tumor. By exploring the cellular immunity of oral cancer, we can gain insight into the contribution of both tumor cells and immune cells to tumorigenesis. This understanding is crucial for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies to combat oral cancer. Studies of cancer immunology present unique challenges in terms of modeling due to the extraordinary complexity of the immune system. With its multitude of cellular components, each with distinct subtypes and various activation states, the immune system interacts with cancer cells and other components of the tumor, ultimately shaping the course of the disease. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture methods fall short of capturing these intricate cellular interactions. Mouse models enable us to learn about tumor biology in complicated and dynamic physiological systems but have limitations as the murine immune system differs significantly from that of humans. In light of these challenges, three-dimensional (3D) culture systems offer an alternative approach to studying cancer immunology and filling the existing gaps in available models. These 3D culture models provide a means to investigate complex cellular interactions that are difficult to replicate in 2D cultures. The direct study of the interaction between immune cells and cancer cells of human origin offers a more relevant and representative platform compared to mouse models, enabling advancements in our understanding of cancer immunology. This review explores commonly used 3D culture models and highlights their significant contributions to expanding our knowledge of cancer immunology. By harnessing the power of 3D culture systems, we can unlock new insights that pave the way for improved strategies in the battle against oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Oral Science and Translation Research, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA
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Sivolella S, Scanu A, Xie Z, Vianello S, Stellini E. Biobanking in dentistry: A review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:31-40. [PMID: 35024075 PMCID: PMC8728430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobanks are not-for-profit services for the collection, processing, storage and distribution of biological samples and data for research and diagnostic purposes. In dentistry, biological materials and data obtained from questionnaires investigating oral conditions can be stored and used for large-scale studies on oral and systemic diseases. To give some examples: gene expression microarrays obtained on biobanked specimens were used in the identification of genetic alterations in oral cancer; efforts to identify genetic mechanisms behind dental caries have been based on an integrative analysis of transcriptome-wide associations and messenger RNA expression. One of the largest studies on facial pain was conducted using Biobank data. Cryopreservation of dental pulp stem cells is a common practice in tooth biobanks. With the exception of teeth and pulp, also leftover oral soft and hard tissues may represent a source of healthy samples that has rarely been exploited as yet. While biobanks are increasingly attracting the attention of the scientific community and becoming economically sustainable, a systematic approach to this resource in dentistry seems to be lacking. This review illustrates the applications of biobanking in dentistry, describing biobanked pathological and healthy samples and data, and discussing future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sivolella
- Department of Neuroscience, Dentistry Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Scanu
- Department of Neuroscience, Dentistry Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Zijing Xie
- Department of Neuroscience, Dentistry Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Vianello
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Stellini
- Department of Neuroscience, Dentistry Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Indian Immigrants in Australia towards Oral Cancer and Their Perceived Role of General Practitioners: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148596. [PMID: 35886448 PMCID: PMC9319446 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer is highly prevalent in the Indian subcontinent. With the increasing immigration of Indians to Australia, a potential rise in oral cancer cases can be expected if they continue engaging in oral cancer risk practices. Unfortunately, little is known on this topic in the Australian context. This study aimed to generate new insights into this area by examining Indian immigrants’ knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding oral cancer in Australia and their perceived role of general practitioners in raising oral cancer awareness. Exploring these aspects could determine the oral cancer risk behaviours of Indians in Australia along with any contributing factors which could help identify potential preventative strategies. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken of 164 Indians across Australia. Data were analysed using SPSS software with descriptive statistics. Respondents had varying levels of knowledge about oral cancer (mean total score 61%), particularly around risk factors such as alcohol and areca nut use as well as oral cancer-related signs/symptoms. The majority (87.7%) had not received any information about oral cancer in a health care setting but were receptive (71–90%) to general practitioners playing a more active role in this area. Respondents were engaging in positive preventative oral health care though few were currently (6.7%) or previously (14.7%) chewing tobacco preparations. Further research is needed through larger studies to confirm the study findings and inform the development of culturally tailored strategies particularly involving general practitioners, to raise oral cancer awareness and provide early screening for Indian immigrants.
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Hadjigol S, Shah BA, O’Brien-Simpson NM. The 'Danse Macabre'-Neutrophils the Interactive Partner Affecting Oral Cancer Outcomes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894021. [PMID: 35784290 PMCID: PMC9243430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, tremendous advances in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer have taken place. However for head and neck cancers, including oral cancer, the overall survival rate is below 50% and they remain the seventh most common malignancy worldwide. These cancers are, commonly, aggressive, genetically complex, and difficult to treat and the delay, which often occurs between early recognition of symptoms and diagnosis, and the start of treatment of these cancers, is associated with poor prognosis. Cancer development and progression occurs in concert with alterations in the surrounding stroma, with the immune system being an essential element in this process. Despite neutrophils having major roles in the pathology of many diseases, they were thought to have little impact on cancer development and progression. Recent studies are now challenging this notion and placing neutrophils as central interactive players with other immune and tumor cells in affecting cancer pathology. This review focuses on how neutrophils and their sub-phenotypes, N1, N2, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both directly and indirectly affect the anti-tumor and pro-tumor immune responses. Emphasis is placed on what is currently known about the interaction of neutrophils with myeloid innate immune cells (such as dendritic cells and macrophages), innate lymphoid cells, natural killer cells, and fibroblasts to affect the tumor microenvironment and progression of oral cancer. A better understanding of this dialog will allow for improved therapeutics that concurrently target several components of the tumor microenvironment, increasing the possibility of constructive and positive outcomes for oral cancer patients. For this review, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for manuscripts using keywords and combinations thereof of "oral cancer, OSCC, neutrophils, TANs, MDSC, immune cells, head and neck cancer, and tumor microenvironment" with a focus on publications from 2018 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hadjigol
- ACTV Research Group, Division of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Royal Dental Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Neil M. O’Brien-Simpson
- ACTV Research Group, Division of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, Royal Dental Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
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Kallarakkal TG, Siriwardena BSMS, Samaranayaka A, De Silva R, Tilakaratne WM. A validated predictive model for risk of nodal metastasis in node negative oral squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa and tongue. J Oral Pathol Med 2022; 51:436-443. [PMID: 35315944 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is influenced by clinical and histopathological variables. The aim of this study was to develop a simple model to predict nodal metastasis of OSCC in clinically negative necks (cN0). METHODS Data from patients who underwent surgery for treatment of OSCC of the tongue or buccal mucosa with neck dissection were used for model development and validation. RESULTS Nodal metastasis was significantly associated with gender, age, tumor size, site, pattern of invasion and depth of invasion on univariate analysis. All the five variables except age were retained at the variable selection step of the model development and were used in the final model because it was not significant at 0.10 significance level after adjusting for other variables. Regression coefficients of the model were used to estimate risks of nodal metastases for each combination of clinicopathological characteristics. A 10-fold cross-validation was used to assess the model. The average of the resultant 10 AUCs (along with its 95% confidence interval estimated using bootstrap) was used as the overall validated measure of the model. A risk chart was produced using probability of nodal metastasis predicted by the model for each combination of five characteristics. The model's ability to identify patients with nodal metastases as assessed by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.752. CONCLUSION The model based on established clinicopathological variables has been internally validated on a large cohort of patients and offers practicability for use in OSCCs of the tongue and buccal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas George Kallarakkal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Ariyapala Samaranayaka
- Biostatistics Centre, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rohana De Silva
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Oral Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wanninayake M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Oral Cancer Research and Coordinating Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Chien MH, Shih PC, Ding YF, Chen LH, Hsieh FK, Tsai MY, Li PY, Lin CW, Yang SF. Curcumin analog, GO-Y078, induces HO-1 transactivation-mediated apoptotic cell death of oral cancer cells by triggering MAPK pathways and AP-1 DNA-binding activity. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:375-388. [PMID: 35361044 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GO-Y078, a new synthetic analogue of curcumin (CUR), has higher oral bioavailability and anticancer activity than CUR, but the oncostatic effect of GO-Y078 on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is largely unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In the present study, we examined the oncostatic properties and possible mechanisms of GO-Y078 on human SCC-9 and HSC-3 OSCC cells. Results: Our results indicated that GO-Y078 showed a cytostatic effect against OSCC cells, and this antiproliferative phenomenon stemmed from a mechanism involving multiple levels of cooperation, including cell-cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis induction. Mechanistically, GO-Y078 treatment induced caspase-mediated apoptosis via upregulating two apoptosis-modulating proteins, SMAC/DIABLO and heme oxygenase (HO)-1. GO-Y078 transcriptionally induced upregulation of the HO-1 gene by increasing the AP-1 DNA-binding activity, which was initiated by activation of the p38 /JNK1/2 pathways. In the clinic, patients with head and neck cancers expressed lower HO-1 and SMAC/DIABLO levels in primary cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. Clinical datasets also revealed that patients with head and neck cancers expressing high HO-1 had a favorable prognosis. Conclusions: Our results provide new insights into the role of GO-Y078-induced molecular regulation in suppressing OSCC growth and suggest that GO-Y078 has potential therapeutic applications for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Shih
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Ding
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Koo Hsieh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meng-Ying Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Li
- Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Wen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Oral Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Feng Y, Cao X, Zhao B, Song C, Pang B, Hu L, Zhang C, Wang J, He J, Wang S. Nitrate increases cisplatin chemosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma via REDD1/AKT signaling pathway. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1814-1828. [PMID: 34542810 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although cisplatin is one of the chemotherapeutics most frequently used in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treatment, it exerts multiple side effects and poor chemosensitivity. Nitrate reportedly demonstrates several beneficial biological functions, and synthesized nitrates enhance the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy. However, the role of inorganic nitrate in cisplatin chemotherapy remains unclear. We therefore investigated the effect of inorganic nitrate exerted on cisplatin sensitivity in OSCC. We found that nitrate did not affect OSCC cell growth and apoptosis in OSCC cells and OSCC xenograft tumor animal studies. Cisplatin induced REDD1 expression and AKT activation in OSCC. However, nitrate could increase cisplatin chemosensitivity, reduce its REDD1 expression, and attenuate AKT signaling activation in OSCC cells. Dysregulation of high levels of REDD1, which could enhance AKT activation, was positively associated with poor prognosis in OSCC patients. Thus, reduced REDD1 expression and retarded AKT activation induced by inorganic nitrate might be a new potential approach to the sensitization of oral cancer to cisplatin treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Feng
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xuedi Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunyan Song
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Baoxing Pang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Junqi He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Songlin Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Oral Health, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Capital Medical University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Research Units of Tooth Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Piyarathne NS, Rasnayake RMSGK, Angammana R, Chandrasekera P, Ramachandra S, Weerasekera M, Yasawardene S, Abu-Eid R, Jayasinghe JAP, Gupta E. Diagnostic salivary biomarkers in oral cancer and oral potentially malignant disorders and their relationships to risk factors - A systematic review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:789-807. [PMID: 34148471 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1944106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are a significant health burden globally. Smoking, alcohol, and betel quid are the main risk factors. Lack of screening methods has been highlighted as a significant challenge in management. Salivary biomarkers are proposed as noninvasive diagnostic tools. The aim of this systematic review was to study salivary biomarkers reported in OSCC and OPMD. Specific objectives were to select a salivary biomarker panel suitable for early detection of OSCC and OPMD and to assess relationships between salivary biomarkers and risk factors. METHODS Electronic literature search was conducted in academic databases (Scopus, Medline, Embase and Web of Science) without any restrictions. Following calibration, two blinded reviewers screened the studies and extracted data. A risk of bias assessment was conducted using Newcastle Ottawa scale. 295 studies were included with descriptive data analysis. EXPERT OPINION A salivary biomarker panel including Interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and IL8 was selected for OSCC and OPMD. Reported relationships between salivary biomarkers and risk factors are discussed and research gaps are highlighted. Future research should be directed to assess potential salivary biomarkers and their relationships to risk factors in order to understand the biomarker's role in disease initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadisha S Piyarathne
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | | | - Manjula Weerasekera
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Surangi Yasawardene
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Rasha Abu-Eid
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J A P Jayasinghe
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ekta Gupta
- Institute of Dentistry, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Gudi S, O'Sullivan B, Hosni A, Su J, Hope A, Ringash J, Hueniken K, Liu G, Tong L, Goldstein D, de Almeida J, Hansen AR, Bratman SV, Cho J, Giuliani M, Hahn E, Kim J, Xu W, Waldron J, Huang SH. Outcome and treatment toxicity in east-indian versus white-canadian patients with oral cavity cancer following postoperative (chemo-)radiotherapy delivered under similar multidisciplinary care: A propensity-matched cohort study. Oral Oncol 2021; 120:105419. [PMID: 34175612 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compare clinical behaviour of East-Indians and White-Canadians with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) treated at a Western institution within a uniform health care system. MATERIALS/METHODS Newly diagnosed OSCC patients who underwent postoperative (chemo-)radiotherapy (PORT/POCRT) between 2005 and 2017 were included. Data on ethnicity and other variables were extracted from patient-questionnaires, a prospective database and supplemented by chart review. Baseline characteristics were compared between East-Indian versus White-Canadian groups. A propensity-matched (1:1 ratio) of East-Indian versus White-Canadian cohorts was generated to compare locoregional control (LRC), distant control (DC), overall survival (OS), and acute and late toxicities. RESULTS A total of 53 East-Indian and 467 White-Canadian OSCC patients were identified. Compared to White-Canadians, East-Indian patients were younger, had less exposure to smoking and alcohol (p < 0.001), but more chewed betel (areca) nut /tobacco (43% vs 0.2%, p < 0.001). Buccal/retromolar-trigone/lower gingiva primaries were more common in East-Indians (49% vs 25%, p < 0.001). Median follow-up was 5.0 years. Propensity-score paired analysis revealed inferior 3-year LRC (68% vs 81%, p = 0.030), non-significantly lower OS (61% vs 75%, p = 0.257), but similar DC (81% vs 87%, p = 0.428) in East-Indian versus White-Canadian patients. Actuarial rate of toxicities was higher in East-Indians vs White-Canadians: acute toxicity at 6 weeks: 47% vs 30%, p = 0.012; chronic trismus at 5-years: 16% vs 2%, p = 0.013. CONCLUSION East-Indian OSCC patients have a greater betel nut/ chewable tobacco exposure compared to White-Canadians and a different distribution of OSCC sites. Propensity-matched cohort analysis showed lower LRC and higher toxicities in East-Indian OSCC patients, suggesting a complicated interaction between genetic/biological and life-style factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar Gudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Brian O'Sullivan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ali Hosni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Biostatistics, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Andrew Hope
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Jolie Ringash
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Katrina Hueniken
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Li Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - David Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - John de Almeida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Aaron R Hansen
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Scott V Bratman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - John Cho
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Meredith Giuliani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Ezra Hahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - John Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Biostatistics, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - John Waldron
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
| | - Shao Hui Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/University of Toronto, Canada.
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12
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Raman S, Shafie AA, Abraham MT, Shim CK, Maling TH, Rajendran S, Cheong SC. Provider cost of treating oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer in Malaysian public hospitals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251760. [PMID: 33984051 PMCID: PMC8118562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer has been recognized as a significant challenge to healthcare. In Malaysia, numerous patients frequently present with later stages of cancers to the highly subsidized public healthcare facilities. Such a trend contributes to a substantial social and economic burden. This study aims to determine the cost of treating oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) and oral cancer from a public healthcare provider’s perspective. Medical records from two tertiary public hospitals were systematically abstracted to identify events and resources consumed retrospectively from August 2019 to January 2020. The cost accrued was used to estimate annual initial and maintenance costs via two different methods- inverse probability weighting (IPW) and unweighted average. A total of 86 OPMD and 148 oral cancer cases were included. The initial phase mean unadjusted cost was USD 2,861 (SD = 2,548) in OPMD and USD 38,762 (SD = 12,770) for the treatment of cancer. Further annual estimate of initial phase cost based on IPW method for OPMD, early and late-stage cancer was USD 3,561 (SD = 4,154), USD 32,530 (SD = 12,658) and USD 44,304 (SD = 16,240) respectively. Overall cost of late-stage cancer was significantly higher than early-stage by USD 11,740; 95% CI [6,853 to 16,695]; p< 0.001. Higher surgical care and personnel cost predominantly contributed to the larger expenditure. In contrast, no significant difference was identified between both cancer stages in the maintenance phase, USD 700; 95% CI [-1,142 to 2,541]; p = 0.457. A crude comparison of IPW estimate with unweighted average displayed a significant difference in the initial phase, with the latter being continuously higher across all groups. IPW method was shown to be able to use data more efficiently by adjusting cost according to survival and follow-up. While cost is not a primary consideration in treatment recommendations, our analysis demonstrates the potential economic benefit of investing in preventive medicine and early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaraj Raman
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
- Pharmacy Department, Hospital Keningau, Ministry of Health, Keningau, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Asrul Akmal Shafie
- Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
- Institutional Planning and Strategic Center, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mannil Thomas Abraham
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Rahimah, Ministry of Health, Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chen Kiong Shim
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Ministry of Health, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Thaddius Herman Maling
- Samarahan Divisional Dental Office, Sarawak State Health Department, Ministry of Health, Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Senthilmani Rajendran
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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13
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Ferreira AK, Carvalho SH, Granville-Garcia AF, Sarmento DJ, Agripino GG, Abreu MH, Melo MC, Caldas AD, Godoy GP. Survival and prognostic factors in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e387-e392. [PMID: 33037796 PMCID: PMC8141315 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing overall survival (OS) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
Material and Methods Medical charts of 547 patients with OSCC from a public hospital in northeastern Brazil seen between 1999 and 2013 were evaluated. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The influence of age, sex, ethnicity, clinical stage, anatomical location, type of treatment, and comorbidities on the patients’ prognosis was evaluated. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors.
Results The 5-year OS was 39%. Multivariate analysis showed that age < 40 years (HR = 2.20; 95%CI: 1.02-4.72) and a single treatment modality (HR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.37-2.67) were associated with a poor prognosis, while early clinical stage resulted in better outcomes (HR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.25-0.58).
Conclusions OSCC patients in advanced clinical stages, diagnosed at a younger age, and submitted to a single therapeutic modality have a poorer prognosis. Key words:Head and neck cancer, oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma, survival, prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-K Ferreira
- Department of Pathology Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235 CEP 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Genetic Variants of lncRNA GAS5 Are Associated with the Clinicopathologic Development of Oral Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050348. [PMID: 33925911 PMCID: PMC8146215 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA, Growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) plays a crucial role in the development of oral cancer. However, potential genetic variants in GAS5 that affect the susceptibility and progression of oral cancer have rarely been explored. In this study, two loci of GAS5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs145204276 and rs55829688) were genotyped by using the TaqMan allelic discrimination in 1125 oral cancer patients and 1195 non-oral-cancer individuals. After statistical analyses, the distribution of both the GAS5 SNP rs145204276 and GAS5 SNP rs55829688 frequencies were similar between the study and control groups. However, the patients with GAS5 SNP rs145204276 variants (Ins/Del or Del/Del) showed a higher tendency of moderate to poor cell differentiation of oral cancer (OR: 1.454, 95% CI: 1.041–2.031, p = 0.028). Moreover, the GAS5 SNP rs145204276 variants (Ins/Del or Del/Del) in the non-alcohol-drinking population were associated with significantly advanced tumor stage (OR: 1.500, 95% CI: 1.081–2.081, p = 0.015) and larger tumor size (OR: 1.494, 95% CI: 1.076–2.074, p = 0.016). Furthermore, individuals with the GAS5 SNP rs145204276 variant were associated with a higher expression of GAS5 in the GTEx database (p = 0.002), and the higher GAS5 level was associated with poor cell differentiation, advanced tumor stage and larger tumor size in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma from the TCGA database (all p < 0.05). In conclusion, the GAS5 SNP rs145204276 variant is related to poor-differentiation cell status in oral cancer. Besides, the presence of the GAS5 SNP rs145204276 variant is associated with a worse tumor stage and tumor size in oral cancer patients without alcohol drinking.
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15
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Jia H, Wang X, Sun Z. Screening and validation of plasma long non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:172. [PMID: 33552289 PMCID: PMC7798048 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), characterized by a high recurrence rate, a poor prognosis and high morbidity, is the most prevalent malignancy of the oral cavity. The aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) may lead to the development of various diseases, including cancer. Delayed diagnosis is the main reason for the poor prognosis. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the differential expression profiles of plasma lncRNAs in OSCC in order to screen target lncRNAs as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and staging of OSCC. The expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in OSCC were analyzed by microarray analysis. A total of 14 candidate lncRNAs were selected and analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) using the array homologous samples. Subsequently, 4 target lncRNAs were measured by RT-qPCR in a large cohort, including 28 cases with TNM I/II [early-stage squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) group], 36 cases with TNM III/IV [advanced-stage squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) group], 16 cases with dysplasia [oral premalignant lesion (OPL) group] and 16 healthy controls (H group). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the diagnostic effects of the combined lncRNAs. In total, 6,606 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 4,196 mRNAs were identified in OSCC. The expression trend of the 14 candidate lncRNAs was consistent with the microarray data. The expression level of ENST00000412740, NR_131012, ENST00000588803 and NR_038323 exhibited significant differences in the H, OPL, ESCC and ASCC groups (P<0.05). ROC curve and logistic regression analyses revealed that the diagnostic efficacy of the combined lncRNAs was more prominent than that of a single lncRNA, particularly in the ESCC and ASCC groups. In conclusion, the present study identified the differential expression profiles of plasma lncRNAs in OSCC and demonstrated that ENST00000412740, NR_131012, ENST00000588803 and NR_038323 may be promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis and staging of OSCC. These findings may provide novel targets for the early diagnosis and staging of OSCC, which may provide an objective basis for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Oral Medicine, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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16
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Noel CW, Sutradhar R, Li Q, Forner D, Hallet J, Cheung M, Singh S, Coburn NG, Eskander A. Chinese and South Asian ethnicity, immigration status and head and neck cancer outcomes: A population based study. Oral Oncol 2020; 113:105118. [PMID: 33341005 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While it is known that certain ethnic and immigrant groups are at increased risk of developing head and neck cancer, the individual effects of immigration status and ethnicity on head and neck cancer outcomes is less clear. We sought examine the independent effects of immigration and Chinese and South Asian ethnicity on overall survival in a head and neck cancer patient population. METHODS This was a population-based retrospective matched cohort study using linked Ontario administrative databases between 1994 and 2017. Incident cancer cases were captured in long-standing residents of Chinese and South Asian ethnicity, Chinese and South Asian immigrants, as well as a reference population. Subjects were followed until death. A hard-matching approach was used to adjust for key differences and ensure both groups were balanced with respect to age, sex and cancer site. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the impact of Chinese and South Asian ethnicity on overall survival while further adjusting for baseline covariates. RESULTS Among 1639 immigrants with head and neck cancer, matched to 3278 controls, the overall 5-year survival rate was 66% and 59%, respectively. After adjusting for between group-differences, all-cause mortality was lower for immigrants (HR 0.76[95%CI 0.69-0.83]) and individuals of Chinese ethnicity (HR 0.78[95%CI 0.68-0.90]), relative to the general population. CONCLUSIONS In Ontario, immigrants experience lower mortality rates following a head and neck cancer diagnosis. Individuals of Chinese ethnicity with head and neck cancer experience a survival advantage, relative to South Asian individuals and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Noel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Canada
| | - Rinku Sutradhar
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Canada
| | - Qing Li
- Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Canada
| | - David Forner
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Julie Hallet
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Canada; Department of Surgical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthew Cheung
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simron Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Natalie G Coburn
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Canada; Department of Surgical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antoine Eskander
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute for Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Canada; Department of Surgical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada.
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17
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Geleijnse G, Chiang RCJ, Sieswerda M, Schuurman M, Lee KC, van Soest J, Dekker A, Lee WC, Verbeek XAAM. Prognostic factors analysis for oral cavity cancer survival in the Netherlands and Taiwan using a privacy-preserving federated infrastructure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20526. [PMID: 33239719 PMCID: PMC7688977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The difference in incidence of oral cavity cancer (OCC) between Taiwan and the Netherlands is striking. Different risk factors and treatment expertise may result in survival differences between the two countries. However due to regulatory restrictions, patient-level analyses of combined data from the Netherlands and Taiwan are infeasible. We implemented a software infrastructure for federated analyses on data from multiple organisations. We included 41,633 patients with single-tumour OCC between 2004 and 2016, undergoing surgery, from the Taiwan Cancer Registry and Netherlands Cancer Registry. Federated Cox Proportional Hazard was used to analyse associations between patient and tumour characteristics, country, treatment and hospital volume with survival. Five factors showed differential effects on survival of OCC patients in the Netherlands and Taiwan: age at diagnosis, stage, grade, treatment and hospital volume. The risk of death for OCC patients younger than 60 years, with advanced stage, higher grade or receiving adjuvant therapy after surgery was lower in the Netherlands than in Taiwan; but patients older than 70 years, with early stage, lower grade and receiving surgery alone in the Netherlands were at higher risk of death than those in Taiwan. The mortality risk of OCC in Taiwanese patients treated in hospitals with higher hospital volume (≥ 50 surgeries per year) was lower than in Dutch patients. We conducted analyses without exchanging patient-level information, overcoming barriers for sharing privacy sensitive information. The outcomes of patients treated in the Netherlands and Taiwan were slightly different after controlling for other prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gijs Geleijnse
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Godebaldkwartier 419, 3511 DT, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - RuRu Chun-Ju Chiang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University and Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Melle Sieswerda
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Godebaldkwartier 419, 3511 DT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Melinda Schuurman
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Godebaldkwartier 419, 3511 DT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K C Lee
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Johan van Soest
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Dekker
- Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University and Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xander A A M Verbeek
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Godebaldkwartier 419, 3511 DT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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18
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Anwar N, Pervez S, Chundriger Q, Awan S, Moatter T, Ali TS. Oral cancer: Clinicopathological features and associated risk factors in a high risk population presenting to a major tertiary care center in Pakistan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236359. [PMID: 32760151 PMCID: PMC7410283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest prevalence in head and neck cancers and is the first and second most common cancer in males and females of Pakistan respectively. Major risk factors include peculiar chewing habits like areca nut, betel quid, and tobacco. The majority of OSCC presents at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. On the face of such a high burden of this preventable cancer, there is a relative lack of recent robust data and its association with known risk factors from Pakistan. The aim of this study was to identify the socioeconomic factors and clinicopathological features that may contribute to the development of OSCC. A total of 186 patients diagnosed and treated at a tertiary care hospital, Karachi Pakistan were recruited. Clinicopathological and socioeconomic information was obtained on a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done for demographics and socioeconomic status (SES) while regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between SES and chewing habits, tumor site, and tumor stage. The majority of patients were males and the mean age of OSCC patients was 47.62±12.18 years. Most of the patients belonged to low SES (68.3%) and 77.4% were habitual of chewing. Gender (male) and SES were significantly associated with chewing habits (p<0.05). Odds of developing buccal mucosa tumors in chewers (of any type of substance) and gutka users were 2 and 4 times higher than non-chewers respectively. Middle age, chewing habits, and occupation were significantly associated with late stage presentation of OSCC (p<0.05). In conclusion, male patients belonging to low SES in their forties who had chewing habits for years constituted the bulk of OSCC. Buccal mucosa was the most common site in chewers and the majority presented with late stage tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrah Anwar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Pervez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Qurratulain Chundriger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Awan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Moatter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tazeen Saeed Ali
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Syed Mohd Sobri SNS, Kanapathy J, Liew CS, Cheong SC. The establishment of the Asia-Pacific Oral Cancer Network-Inaugural stakeholders' Meeting. Oral Dis 2020; 26:1094-1097. [PMID: 32145142 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of oral cancer cases occur in Asia and the incidence is expected to continue to rise. Oral cancer is amenable to early detection through visual oral examination yet in many Asian countries, the disease presents at a late stage. The barriers to early detection are similar across the Asia-Pacific countries therefore, strategies to address these could be more effective if there were concerted efforts and joint resources amongst the countries. To facilitate better engagement and collaboration between stakeholders in oral cancer detection and management, the Asia-Pacific Oral Cancer Network (APOCNET) was established and the inaugural meeting was held in Kuala Lumpur on the 13th to 15th of September 2019. In this meeting, we identified the challenges faced in the early detection and management of oral cancer amongst the stakeholder countries, showcased the successful oral cancer programs in the region and identified strategic areas for collaboration. For this, notable international speakers and those from local universities and the Ministry of Health Malaysia were invited to share their experiences. The lessons learned from our neighbouring countries could lead to the implementation of similar programs that could help reduce the oral cancer burden in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharifah Nur Syamim Syed Mohd Sobri
- Department of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Chee Sun Liew
- Department of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Data Intensive Computing Centre, Research Management & Innovation Complex, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Data Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sok Ching Cheong
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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20
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Feng Y, Song K, Shang W, Chen L, Wang C, Pang B, Wang N. REDD1 overexpression in oral squamous cell carcinoma may predict poor prognosis and correlates with high microvessel density. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:431-441. [PMID: 31897156 PMCID: PMC6923876 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.11070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between the hypoxia-inducible gene termed regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1) and microvessel density (MVD) in human oral cancer has rarely been reported. The present study aimed to explore REDD1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), its clinical prognostic significance and its correlation with angiogenesis. REDD1 expression in 23 pairs of fresh-frozen OSCC and matched peritumoral mucosal tissues was quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Furthermore, 74 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded OSCC tissues were collected to detect REDD1 expression and CD34-positive MVD by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between REDD1 expression and MVD, patients' clinicopathological characteristics and cancer-associated survival rate was also evaluated using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. The results from RT-qPCR and western blotting demonstrated that REDD1 expression was significantly higher in OSCC tissues compared with peritumoral mucosal tissues (P<0.05). In addition, the results from IHC revealed that REDD1 expression was higher in OSCC tissues compared with peritumoral tissues. Furthermore, REDD1 expression was associated with advanced clinical stage, poorer tumor differentiation, lymphatic metastasis and tumor recurrence (P=0.000, P=0.003, P=0.006 and P<0.001, respectively). Additionally, REDD1 overexpression was positively correlated with MVD (r=0.7316; P<0.001). The results from Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated a significantly reduced disease-free survival and overall survival in patients with OSCC and high REDD1 expression (P<0.001). REDD1 may therefore serve as a novel prognostic biomarker, a key regulatory checkpoint that could coordinate angiogenesis and a new therapeutic target for patients with OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyong Feng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Chengqin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Baoxing Pang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology and The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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