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Phipps DJ, Nott NJ, Hamilton K. An integrated dual process model in predicting e-cigarette use in undergraduate students. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2024. [PMID: 39233379 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The use of e-cigarette or vape devices is a growing concern on an international scale, given the devices' addictive nature and questions regarding their short- and long-term health impacts. Their use is especially an issue in young people, many of whom have little or no previous nicotine use experience. This study tested an integrated dual process model in 363 young Australian undergraduates where prospectively measured e-cigarette use was predicted by the psychological constructs of the theory of planned behavior, supplemented with risk perception, e-cigarette dependence, habit, and implicit attitude. Intention to use an e-cigarette was predicted by affective attitude, subjective norm, and e-cigarette dependance, but not instrumental attitude, perceived behavioral control, or risk perception. E-cigarette use was predicted by e-cigarette dependance, intention, habit, implicit attitude, and previous nicotine use, although perceived behavioral control did not directly predict behavior nor moderate the intention-behavior relationship. Current findings provide evidence for important psychological predictors of e-cigarette use, signposting potential intervention targets. Specifically, interventions may benefit from using strategies that tap affective or normative beliefs alongside automatic constructs and dependence, while focusing less on beliefs about the health impacts of e-cigarettes or control over using.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Phipps
- Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natasha J Nott
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyra Hamilton
- Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA
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Alanazi AMM, Alqahtani MM, Wells JM, Lein DH, Hendricks PS. Outcome Expectancies and Resistance Self-Efficacy Mediate the Relationship Between Asthma Diagnosis and E-cigarette Use among Youth and Young Adults. J Asthma 2022; 60:1088-1096. [PMID: 36197727 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2022.2132955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) may exacerbate pulmonary complications in youth and young adults with asthma. We sought to identify the cognitive mechanisms that might explain e-cigarette use in this population. We hypothesized that e-cigarette outcome expectancies and e-cigarette resistance self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between asthma diagnosis and e-cigarette use in youth and young adults. Methods: We enrolled youth and young adults (15-25 years old) in Alabama with a clinical diagnosis of asthma (n = 130) or without a diagnosis of any chronic pulmonary disease (n = 115; reference group). Author-constructed and validated questionnaires (young adult e-cigarette use outcome expectancies and modified Self-efficacy Scale for Adolescent Smoking) were administered to collect demographic data and assess susceptibility to e-cigarette use as well as current use of e-cigarettes, e-cigarette outcome expectancies, and e-cigarette resistance self-efficacy. We then conducted structural equation modeling to test whether e-cigarette expectancies and e-cigarette resistance self-efficacy mediate the relationship between asthma and susceptibility to e-cigarette use as well as current e-cigarette use. Results: The frequency of the susceptibility to e-cigarette use and current e-cigarette use was lower among those with clinically diagnosed asthma than among those without asthma (35.8% vs 59.8% for susceptibility and 6.0% vs 18.2% for current use). Individuals with asthma reported weaker expectancies that e-cigarettes would make them feel relaxed which, in turn, was a significant predictor of lower susceptibility to e-cigarette use and current e-cigarette use, suggesting mediation. Finally, individuals with asthma demonstrated greater e-cigarette resistance self-efficacy in the context of social opportunities and friends' influence to use e-cigarettes. This self-efficacy was associated with lower susceptibility to e-cigarette use as well as current e-cigarette use. Conclusion: Although longitudinal studies are needed to determine relationships prospectively, targeted interventions that reduce outcome expectancies and increase resistance self-efficacy to e-cigarette use may further reduce e-cigarette use among youth and young adults with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M M Alanazi
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Rehabilitation Science, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - J Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Donald H Lein
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Peter S Hendricks
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Palmer AM, Price SN, Foster MG, Sanford BT, Fucito LM, Toll BA. Urgent Need for Novel Investigations of Treatments to Quit E-cigarettes: Findings from a Systematic Review. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2022; 15:569-580. [PMID: 35816038 PMCID: PMC9444997 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-22-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
E-cigarette use has been increasing globally over the past decade. Many use e-cigarettes as an alternative or method to quit cigarette smoking, whereas others use these products recreationally. As technology has advanced, many individuals have reported symptoms of dependence on these products and continue to use them beyond achieving abstinence from smoking. Despite individuals reporting interest in quitting, little is known about e-cigarette cessation. This systematic review sought to identify and evaluate all human subjects literature published on the outcome of e-cigarette cessation through September 2021. Of the 79 articles identified, 56 were cross-sectional, 6 were qualitative, 5 were cohort studies, 3 were experimental, 2 were mixed methods, and 7 reported intervention or case studies of e-cigarette cessation. Results showed youth generally had high intent to quit e-cigarettes, whereas results were mixed with adult samples. Youth were motivated to quit e-cigarettes by health concerns, whereas adults were motivated to quit e-cigarettes by cost, lack of satisfaction, and psychologic factors. Adults were more likely to report past e-cigarette quit attempts, most commonly "cold turkey." Few interventions tested strategies for e-cigarette cessation, with a majority targeted for youth. Given the lack of information on e-cigarette cessation, recommendations for future studies are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M. Palmer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC USA
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sarah N. Price
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Madeline G. Foster
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Brandon T. Sanford
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lisa M. Fucito
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Benjamin A. Toll
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston SC USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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Chou WYS, Gaysynsky A, Trivedi N, Vanderpool RC. Using Social Media for Health: National Data from HINTS 2019. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:184-193. [PMID: 33856286 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1903627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Social media (SM) have fundamentally changed the way we exchange information, including how we communicate about health. The goal of this study was to describe current prevalence and predictors of SM use by analyzing nationally representative data from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Multivariate logistic regression models examined the odds of engaging in four SM activities: visiting social networking sites, sharing health information on SM, participating in online support groups, and watching health-related videos. In 2019, approximately 86% of Internet users reported engaging in at least one SM activity. Younger age and female gender were associated with higher likelihood of engaging in all SM activities. No significant ethnic/racial disparities were observed for most SM activities, but Hispanics were found to be more likely to report watching health-related videos. Additionally, those with regular health care access were more likely to participate in online support groups. Previous HINTS survey cycles were also used to examine change in SM use over time, showing that general SM use has increased substantially since 2007, but the use of SM for health-related purposes has not increased to the same extent. The dynamic and evolving nature of SM makes systematic assessment vital. Knowledge of current SM use patterns could make health communication efforts more effective and equitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ying Sylvia Chou
- Behavioral Research Program, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Gaysynsky
- Behavioral Research Program, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Department of Communications, ICF Next, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Neha Trivedi
- Behavioral Research Program, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Robin C Vanderpool
- Behavioral Research Program, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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McCausland K, Jancey J, Leaver T, Wolf K, Freeman B, Maycock B. Motivations for use, identity and the vaper subculture: a qualitative study of the experiences of Western Australian vapers. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1552. [PMID: 33059652 PMCID: PMC7559168 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09651-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaping is a relatively new practice, and therefore its symbolic meanings and social practices are yet to be fully understood, especially within Australia where the practice is strictly regulated. This study aimed to examine vapers motivations for use, reinforcing influences, and association with the vaper subculture. METHODS Working from a constructivist epistemology and a symbolic interaction framework, in-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 37 current (89%) and former (11%) adult vapers, 70% male, mean age of 32.5. Data was analysed via thematic analysis. RESULTS Vapers largely started vaping to quit smoking and underwent common experiences during their initiation phase. Subsequently, vapers tended to adopt one of two dominant identities, that of the 'cloud chaser' or the 'substitute', which some users moved between during different stages of their vaping career. The social and symbolic meaning of e-cigarettes and vaping varied and involved concepts of harm reduction, addiction, pleasure, stigma and community, and for some, connection to the vaper subculture. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the complexities of vaping, and the nuanced differences of 'cloud chasers' and 'substitute' vapers may have important implications for health communication, research and policy. E-cigarette users within this sample were not a homogeneous group and differed in their motivations for use, association with the vaper subculture and relationship with the vape community. These findings provide new insights into the socialisation process and subsequent identity adoption of vapers within the unique regulatory environment of Western Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kahlia McCausland
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Jonine Jancey
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Tama Leaver
- School of Media, Creative Arts and Social Inquiry, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Katharina Wolf
- School of Marketing, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Becky Freeman
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.,Present affiliation: College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Devon, South West England, UK
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