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Roldós MI, Jones J, Rajaballey J. The First Steps to Building Research Collaborative Using Strength-Based Assessments and GIS Maps with a Sample of Community-Based Organizations in the Bronx, NY. Health Equity 2024; 8:66-75. [PMID: 38287982 PMCID: PMC10823164 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2023.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is one of the most effective strategies for conceptualizing, developing, and executing programs or interventions that address health disparities in community settings. The City University of New York (CUNY)'s Institute for Health Equity (CIHE) focuses on the social determinants that affect the physical and mental health of New York City's poor and underserved. Methods This study utilized a modified Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) tool as a strength-based assessment (SBA) to evaluate community-based organization (CBO)'s Areas for Growth (SWOT-SBA). This approach was used to identify CBOs' strengths, prospects, and priorities to address the Bronx's health disparities. Furthermore, this study collected descriptive information on CBO's catchment areas, services provided, and population served to create interactive and static maps and contingency tables using the Arch-GIS software. Results This study was the first step to building CIHE Healthy-Bronx Research Collaborative to address the Bronx's health disparities. The results indicate that Hunts Point and Longwood Community Districts are the most served by CBOs. The SWOT-SBA suggests that CBOs' engagement through "appreciative inquiry" to conduct a CBPR has the most promise for a successful partnership between CBOs, research partners, and local stakeholders. Conclusion This analysis suggests that CBOs center their resources to function as a leader in the Bronx and have identified the need to expand services during the pandemic. Findings from this study suggest that CBOs want to collaborate in CBPR initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Roldós
- City University of New York, Lehman College, Bronx, New York, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Human Services and Nursing, Department of Health Equity, Administration and Technology, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- City University of New York (CUNY) Institute for Health Equity, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jaye Jones
- City University of New York, Lehman College, Bronx, New York, USA
- City University of New York (CUNY) Institute for Health Equity, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
- Division of Students Affairs, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Jocelyn Rajaballey
- City University of New York, Lehman College, Bronx, New York, USA
- School of Natural and Social Sciences, Department of Earth, Environment and Geospatial Sciences, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
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Brock DJP, Estabrooks PA, Yuhas M, Wilson JA, Montague D, Price BE, Elliott K, Hill JL, Zoellner JM. Assets and Challenges to Recruiting and Engaging Families in a Childhood Obesity Treatment Research Trial: Insights From Academic Partners, Community Partners, and Study Participants. Front Public Health 2021; 9:631749. [PMID: 33692983 PMCID: PMC7937718 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.631749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is need for the childhood obesity treatment literature to identify effective recruitment and engagement strategies for rural communities that are more likely to lack supportive infrastructure for healthy lifestyles and clinical research relative to their urban counterparts. This community case study examines recruitment and engagement strategies from a comparative effectiveness research (CER) trial of two family-based childhood obesity (FBCO) treatment interventions conducted in a medically underserved, rural region. Guided by a Community Based Participatory Research (CBPR) and systems-based approach, the primary aim was to analyze interviews from academic partners, community partners, and parent study participants for recruitment and engagement assets, challenges, and lessons learned. Methods: Over the 3-year lifespan of the study, researchers conducted 288 interviews with Community Advisory Board members (n = 14), Parent Advisory Team members (n = 7), and study participants (n = 100). Using an inductive-deductive approach, interviews were broadly coded for recruitment and engagement assets, challenges, and recommendations; analyzed for descriptive sub-coding; and organized into stakeholder/organization and participant level themes. Codes were analyzed aggregately across time and examined for differences among stakeholders and parent study participants. Results: Adherence to CBPR principles and development of strong community partnerships facilitated recruitment and engagement; however, variability in recruitment and engagement success impacted partner confidence, threatened outcome validity, and required additional resources. Specifically, assets and challenges emerged around eight key needs. Three were at the stakeholder/organization level: (1) readiness of stakeholders to conduct CBPR research, (2) development of sustainable referral protocols, and (3) development of participant engagement systems. The remaining five were at the participant level: (1) comfort and trust with research, (2) awareness and understanding of the study, (3) intervention accessibility, (4) intervention acceptability, and (5) target population readiness. Future recommendations included conducting readiness assessments and awareness campaigns, piloting and evaluating recruitment and engagement strategies, identifying participant barriers to engagement and finding a priori solutions, and fostering stakeholder leadership to develop sustainable protocols. Conclusion: Collective findings from multiple perspectives demonstrate the need for multi-leveled approaches focusing on infrastructure supports and strategies to improve stakeholder and participant awareness of, and capacity for, recruiting and engaging medically underserved, rural families in a FBCO CER trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna-Jean P. Brock
- Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Paul A. Estabrooks
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Maryam Yuhas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Bryan E. Price
- Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Kenya Elliott
- Piedmont Access to Health Services, Danville, VA, United States
| | - Jennie L. Hill
- College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jamie M. Zoellner
- Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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Wallace HS, Franck KL, Sweet CL. Community Coalitions for Change and the Policy, Systems, and Environment Model: A Community-Based Participatory Approach to Addressing Obesity in Rural Tennessee. Prev Chronic Dis 2019; 16:E120. [PMID: 31489837 PMCID: PMC6745929 DOI: 10.5888/pcd16.180678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Four rural counties in Tennessee adopted the policy, systems, and environment (PSE) approach to address the obesity epidemic in their communities. The community-based participatory initiative, Community Coalitions for Change (C3), was embraced by 67,400 community members and 67 organizations. During year 1, coalition members discussed a need to return to long-held traditions of collective community engagement and action to address rural obesity rates. In response, C3 established 25 community gardens and supported 10 existing gardens, resulting in 8,300 community members who received garden produce. Sites began with an average number of 11 physical activity resources, which increased by year 3 to an average of 13 resources as a result of C3 activities. Overall, 61% (248 of 405) of survey respondents participating in direct education programs reported being more physically active as a result of participating in the programs, 59% (117 of 199) reported eating more fruit, and 66% (131 of 199) reported eating more vegetables. Implications for public health include timing and aligning obesity prevention activities with ongoing initiatives that are working toward similar goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Sedges Wallace
- University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Family and Consumer Sciences, 2621 Morgan Circle, 119 Morgan Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996.
| | - Karen L Franck
- University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Family and Consumer Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Cori L Sweet
- University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture, Family and Consumer Sciences, Knoxville, Tennessee
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Ruggieri DG, Bass SB, Alhajji M, Gordon TF. Understanding Parents' Perceptions of School-Based BMI Screening and BMI Report Cards Using Perceptual Mapping: Implications for School Nurses. J Sch Nurs 2018; 36:144-156. [PMID: 30033842 DOI: 10.1177/1059840518789243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Half of U.S. states measure students' body mass index (BMI), with many communicating that information to parents through a "BMI report card" or notification letter. School nurses are usually responsible for implementing these programs and communicating results to parents. The purpose of this study was to understand parents' perceptions of BMI screening programs to help inform school nurses about messages that are most helpful to use in report cards to motivate parents to follow-up with a health-care provider or to make behavioral changes for their child. Using a cluster analysis and perceptual mapping methods, a commercial marketing technique that creates three-dimensional graphic maps, we identified four unique clusters of parents based on their core attitudes and beliefs related to BMI screenings and report cards. Based on vector modeling techniques, key message strategies were developed that can be used by school nurses to enhance parent response to a BMI report card.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique G Ruggieri
- Center for Public Health Initiatives, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Bauerle Bass
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohammed Alhajji
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas F Gordon
- Psychology Department, College of Fine Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Umstattd Meyer MR, Perry CK, Sumrall JC, Patterson MS, Walsh SM, Clendennen SC, Hooker SP, Evenson KR, Goins KV, Heinrich KM, O'Hara Tompkins N, Eyler AA, Jones S, Tabak R, Valko C. Physical Activity-Related Policy and Environmental Strategies to Prevent Obesity in Rural Communities: A Systematic Review of the Literature, 2002-2013. Prev Chronic Dis 2016; 13:E03. [PMID: 26741997 PMCID: PMC4707945 DOI: 10.5888/pcd13.150406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health disparities exist between rural and urban residents; in particular, rural residents have higher rates of chronic diseases and obesity. Evidence supports the effectiveness of policy and environmental strategies to prevent obesity and promote health equity. In 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended 24 policy and environmental strategies for use by local communities: the Common Community Measures for Obesity Prevention (COCOMO); 12 strategies focus on physical activity. This review was conducted to synthesize evidence on the implementation, relevance, and effectiveness of physical activity-related policy and environmental strategies for obesity prevention in rural communities. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINHAL, and PAIS databases for articles published from 2002 through May 2013 that reported findings from physical activity-related policy or environmental interventions conducted in the United States or Canada. Each article was extracted independently by 2 researchers. RESULTS Of 2,002 articles, 30 articles representing 26 distinct studies met inclusion criteria. Schools were the most common setting (n = 18 studies). COCOMO strategies were applied in rural communities in 22 studies; the 2 most common COCOMO strategies were "enhance infrastructure supporting walking" (n = 11) and "increase opportunities for extracurricular physical activity" (n = 9). Most studies (n = 21) applied at least one of 8 non-COCOMO strategies; the most common was increasing physical activity opportunities at school outside of physical education (n = 8). Only 14 studies measured or reported physical activity outcomes (10 studies solely used self-report); 10 reported positive changes. CONCLUSION Seven of the 12 COCOMO physical activity-related strategies were successfully implemented in 2 or more studies, suggesting that these 7 strategies are relevant in rural communities and the other 5 might be less applicable in rural communities. Further research using robust study designs and measurement is needed to better ascertain implementation success and effectiveness of COCOMO and non-COCOMO strategies in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Renée Umstattd Meyer
- Baylor University, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, One Bear Place No. 97313, Waco, TX 76798.
| | - Cynthia K Perry
- School of Nursing Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jasmin C Sumrall
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | | | - Shana M Walsh
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas
| | | | | | - Kelly R Evenson
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Karin V Goins
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | | | - Nancy O'Hara Tompkins
- West Virginia Prevention Research Center, West Virginia University, Charleston, West Virginia
| | - Amy A Eyler
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sydney Jones
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rachel Tabak
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cheryl Valko
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Ruggieri DG, Bass SB. A comprehensive review of school-based body mass index screening programs and their implications for school health: do the controversies accurately reflect the research? THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2015; 85:61-72. [PMID: 25440454 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas legislation for body mass index (BMI) surveillance and screening programs has passed in 25 states, the programs are often subject to ethical debates about confidentiality and privacy, school-to-parent communication, and safety and self-esteem issues for students. Despite this debate, no comprehensive analysis has been completed that compares and contrasts how these issues differentially affect schools, parents, and students. METHODS A keyword search from electronic databases and a review of state legislation related to BMI surveillance and screening were used to identify relevant literature and data focused on surveillance and screening policies, BMI report cards, and parental perceptions of BMI screenings and their child's weight status [corrected]. RESULTS This article addresses the gap of previous literature by outlining the ethical considerations and implications that BMI screening programs and report cards have for schools, parents, and students, and links these with outcome studies to address whether these controversies are supported by research. CONCLUSIONS Despite the controversies surrounding these programs, this review shows that they can be valuable for all parties and demonstrates BMI screening programs to be vital to the development of robust school-based obesity prevention programs and promotion of healthy lifestyles in schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique G Ruggieri
- Department of Health Services, Saint Joseph's University, 5600 City Avenue, 116 Post Hall, Philadelphia, PA 19131
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Robles J, Gutierrez A, Seifert CF. Impact of a pilot pharmacy health-care professional out-of-school time physical activity and nutrition education program with exercise on fourth and fifth graders in a rural Texas community. SAGE Open Med 2014; 2:2050312114547956. [PMID: 26770739 PMCID: PMC4607202 DOI: 10.1177/2050312114547956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Childhood obesity continues to be a problem. Children in rural populations are more likely to be overweight or obese and a lack of resources in those areas may contribute to this problem. We aimed to assess the impact of a pilot pharmacy health-care professional out-of-school time vigorous physical activity and nutrition education program on fourth and fifth graders in a rural Texas community. Methods: We conducted a prospective 12-week cohort study from August to November 2012. Thirty-three children, aged 8–11 years, in Bailey County, Texas, were enrolled in the study. Body mass index, body mass index percentile, blood pressure, waist circumference, and a diet preferences and activities knowledge survey were obtained at 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Study participants completed a twice weekly physical activity and nutrition education program with exercise over weeks 1–4 with no intervention during weeks 5–12. Results: Thirty-one (94%) of the 33 children, predominately Hispanic girls, completed the program. Body mass index (−0.30 (95% confidence interval, −0.44 to −0.17); P = <0.0001), body mass index percentile (−2.75 (95% confidence interval, −4.89 to −0.62); P = 0.0026), systolic blood pressure (−1.9 (95% confidence interval, −2.9 to −0.9); P = <0.0001), and waist circumference (−0.47 (95% confidence interval, −0.85 to −0.10); P = <0.0001) mean change decreased between baseline and week 12 with no intervention for 8 weeks. Positive survey results at 3 months indicated a decrease in fried/sweet foods; increase in exercise; decreases in video games and computer use; and a change in knowledge regarding the selection of the most healthy food group servings per day. Conclusion: In this pharmacy health-care directed pilot study, participants had a reduction of body mass index, body mass index percentile, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and improvement in certain survey results at the end of 12 weeks despite no further intervention after 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janie Robles
- Department of Pharmacy Practice-Pediatrics, TexasTechUniversityHealthSciencesCenterSchool of Pharmacy, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Gutierrez
- PGY-1 Resident in Pharmacy-Practice Ambulatory Care, University of Southern CaliforniaSchool of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles F Seifert
- Department of Pharmacy Practice-Adult Medicine, TexasTechUniversityHealthSciencesCenterSchool of Pharmacy, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Jacquez F, Vaughn LM, Wagner E. Youth as partners, participants or passive recipients: a review of children and adolescents in community-based participatory research (CBPR). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 51:176-89. [PMID: 22718087 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-012-9533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an orientation to research that places value on equitable collaborations between community members and academic partners, reflecting shared decision making throughout the research process. Although CBPR has become increasingly popular for research with adults, youth are less likely to be included as partners. In our review of the literature, we identified 399 articles described by author or MeSH keyword as CBPR related to youth. We analyzed each study to determine youth engagement. Not including misclassified articles, 27 % of percent of studies were community-placed but lacked a community partnership and/or participatory component. Only 56 (15 %) partnered with youth in some phase of the research process. Although youth were most commonly involved in identifying research questions/priorities and in designing/conducting research, most youth-partnered projects included children or adolescents in several phases of the research process. We outline content, methodology, phases of youth partnership, and age of participating youth in each CBPR with youth project, provide exemplars of CBPR with youth, and discuss the state of the youth-partnered research literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrah Jacquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, 4150H Edwards Building One, PO Box 2120376, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0376, USA.
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Schetzina KE, Dalton WT, Pfortmiller DT, Robinson HF, Lowe EF, Stern HP. The Winning with Wellness pilot project: rural Appalachian elementary student physical activity and eating behaviors and program implementation 4 years later. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2011; 34:154-162. [PMID: 21378512 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0b013e31820e0dcb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
School-based efforts to promote physical activity and healthier eating are a potentially effective approach to decreasing child obesity in rural populations. This article describes follow-up data on student activity and eating behaviors 4 years after implementation of the Winning with Wellness obesity prevention initiative. This project was based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's coordinated school health model and used a community-based participatory research approach to address health behaviors in rural Appalachian elementary students. Results suggest significant increases in daily pedometer steps and healthier food selections by students as well as teacher support for continued health promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Schetzina
- Department of Pediatrics, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA.
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Meininger JC, Reyes LR, Selwyn BJ, Upchurch SL, Brosnan CA, Taylor WC, Villagomez E, Quintana V, Pullis B, Caudill D, Sterchy S, Phillips M. A structured, interactive method for youth participation in a school district-university partnership to prevent obesity. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2010; 80:493-500. [PMID: 20840659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00533.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of school-age children in participatory research is described in the context of a school district-university partnership to prevent obesity in children. The purpose of this study was to elicit, from children in kindergarten (K) through sixth grade, perceptions of foods and activities that would inform the design of developmentally appropriate interventions to prevent and reduce childhood obesity. METHODS Children (N = 218) were selected through a random sample of K through sixth grade classrooms in 3 schools. They participated in structured, interactive, small group exercises focused on perceptions of foods (taste and healthy/unhealthy) and activities (fun and active/sedentary). High school students in the same school district were trained to facilitate the children's groups in collaboration with university faculty and students. RESULTS Qualitative data analysis was used to discern patterns across grade levels. There were grade-level differences in perceptions of the taste and healthfulness of foods. Younger children (K-1) equated foods that tasted good with foods that were "good for you." Older children were more discriminating and gave reasons for their perceptions. For activities, fun was positively associated with the number of people involved and the amount of movement. There were fewer differences across grade levels in preferences for types of sedentary activities, compared with sports and other activities that "make you move." CONCLUSIONS The findings have implications for developmentally appropriate health promotion interventions to prevent obesity. These structured but highly interactive methods could be used by school personnel to assess the unique needs of a school population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Meininger
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Suite 712, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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