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Oehlenschläger K, Schepp E, Stiefelmaier J, Holtmann D, Ulber R. Simultaneous fermentation and enzymatic biocatalysis-a useful process option? BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:67. [PMID: 38796486 PMCID: PMC11128117 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Biotransformation with enzymes and de novo syntheses with whole-cell biocatalysts each have specific advantages. These can be combined to achieve processes with optimal performance. A recent approach is to perform bioconversion processes and enzymatic catalysis simultaneously in one-pot. This is a well-established process in the biorefinery, where starchy or cellulosic material is degraded enzymatically and simultaneously used as substrate for microbial cultivations. This procedure leads to a number of advantages like saving in time but also in the needed equipment (e.g., reaction vessels). In addition, the inhibition or side-reaction of high sugar concentrations can be overcome by combining the processes. These benefits of coupling microbial conversion and enzymatic biotransformation can also be transferred to other processes for example in the sector of biofuel production or in the food industry. However, finding a compromise between the different requirements of the two processes is challenging in some cases. This article summarises the latest developments and process variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Oehlenschläger
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Emily Schepp
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Judith Stiefelmaier
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 12, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Gottlieb-Daimler-Straße 49, 67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Ainousah BE, Ibrahim SRM, Alzain AA, Mohamed SGA, Hussein HGA, Ashour A, Abdallah HM, Mohamed GA. Exploring the potential of Aspergillus wentii: secondary metabolites and biological properties. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:216. [PMID: 38619638 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Fungi are of considerable importance due to their capacity to biosynthesize various secondary metabolites with bioactive properties that draw high attention in new drug discovery with beneficial uses for improving human well-being and life quality. Aspergillus genus members are widespread and cosmopolitan species with varying economic significance in the fields of industry, medicine, and agriculture. Its species are renowned for their biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, characterized by both potent biological activity and structural novelty, making them a substantial reservoir for the development of new pharmaceuticals. The current work aimed at focusing on one species of this genus, Aspergillus wentii Wehmer, including its reported secondary metabolites in the period from 1951 to November 2023. A total of 97 compounds, including nitro-compounds, terpenoids, anthraquinones, xanthones, benzamides, and glucans. A summary of their bioactivities, as well as their biosynthesis was highlighted. Additionally, the reported applications of this fungus and its enzymes have been discussed. This review offers a useful reference that can direct future research into this fungus and its active metabolites, as well as their possible pharmacological and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan E Ainousah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Preparatory Year Program, Department of Chemistry, Batterjee Medical College, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Abdulrahim A Alzain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Gezira, Sudan
| | - Shaimaa G A Mohamed
- Faculty of Dentistry, British University, El Sherouk City, Suez Desert Road, Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Hazem G A Hussein
- Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Abdallah
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zaghetto de Almeida P, Alnoch RC, Pinheiro VE, Pereira Gimenez M, de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli M. Biochemical Characterization of a Novel Thermostable 1,4-α-Glucoamylase from Aspergillus brasiliensis Strain Isolated in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04903-9. [PMID: 38512551 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04903-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Glucoamylases are exo-enzymes that cleave the ends of the starch chain, releasing glucose units. In the current work, we described a novel 1,4-α-glucoamylase from an A. brasiliensis strain isolated from an environmental sample. The purified glucoamylase, GlaAb, has a molecular mass of 69 kDa and showed a starch binding domain. GlaAb showed a similar sequence to other fungal glucoamylases, and the molecular 3D model analysis of GlaAb suggests an overall structure as described in the literature, except by elongation in the loop connecting the 4th and 5th α-helices. The enzyme showed activity over a wide range of pH and temperature, with maximum activity at pH 4.5 and 60 °C. GlaAb was stable at 50 °C for 7 h, maintaining 67% residual activity, and it was not inhibited by glucose up to 0.1 M. The glucoamylase was 65% more active in the presence of Mn2+ and showed a Km of 2.21 mg mL-1, Vmax of 155 U mg-1, Kcat 179 s-1, and Kcat/Km 81.06 mg mL-1 s-1 using potato starch as substrate. The results obtained are promising and provide the basis for the development of applications of GlaAb in the industrial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Zaghetto de Almeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3.900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Robson Carlos Alnoch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3.900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3.900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Elisa Pinheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3.900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marita Pereira Gimenez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3.900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Do Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Teixeira de Moraes Polizeli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3.900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto-Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3.900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil.
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Wang Y, Xie T, Yan G, Xue H, Zhao Z, Ye X. Heterologous Expression and Characterization of a Novel Mesophilic Maltogenic α-Amylase AmyFlA from Flavobacterium sp. NAU1659. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04874-x. [PMID: 38386142 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A novel amylase AmyFlA from Flavobacterium sp. NAU1659, AmyFlA, was cloned and expressed in Esherichia coli. Based on phylogenetic and functional analysis, it was identified as a novel member of the subfamily GH13_46, sharing high sequence identity. The protein was predicted to consist of 620 amino acids, with a putative signal peptide of 25 amino acids. The enzyme was able to hydrolyze soluble starch with a specific activity of 352.97 U/mg at 50 °C in 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.0). The Km and Vmax values of AmyFlA were respectively 3.15 mg/ml and 566.36 µmol·ml-1·min-1 under optimal conditions. Its activity towards starch was enhanced by 63% in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+, indicating that AmyFlA was a Ca2+-dependent amylase. Compared to the reported maltogenic amylases, AmyFlA produced a lower variety of intermediate oligosaccharides at the start of the reaction so that the product mixture contained a higher proportion of maltose. These results indicate that AmyFlA may be potential application value in the production of high-maltose syrup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Wang
- College of Life Sciences of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Huairen Xue
- College of Life Sciences of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhensong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianfeng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences of Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Pucci EFQ, Buffo MM, Del Bianco Sousa M, Tardioli PW, Badino AC. An innovative multi-enzymatic system for gluconic acid production from starch using Aspergillus niger whole-cells. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 171:110309. [PMID: 37690395 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2023.110309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of multi-enzymatic systems for the industrial production of chemical compounds is currently considered an important green tool in synthetic organic chemistry. Gluconic acid is a multi-functional organic acid widely used in the chemical, pharmaceutical, food, textile, and construction industries. Its industrial production from glucose by fermentation using Aspergillus niger has drawbacks including high costs related to cell growth and maintenance of cell viability. This study presents an innovative one-step multi-enzymatic system for gluconic acid production from starch using Aspergillus niger whole-cells in association with amylolytic enzymes. Using soluble starch as substrate, the following results were achieved for 96 h of reaction: 134.5 ± 4.3 g/L gluconic acid concentration, 98.2 ± 1.3 % gluconic acid yield, and 44.8 ± 1.4 gGA/gwhole-cells biocatalyst yield. Although the process has been developed using starch as raw material, the approach is feasible for any substrate or residue that can be hydrolyzed to glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariane Molina Buffo
- Laboratory of Fermentation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Del Bianco Sousa
- Laboratory of Fermentation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Waldir Tardioli
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Enzymatic Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Colli Badino
- Graduate Program in Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Fermentation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Lee ME, Shin HY, Bhardwaj N, Cho BH, Hwang DH, Jeong WY, Han SO. Effective bioconversion of fungal-spoiled starchy food waste into fermentable sugars using fungi-degrading, artificial amylosomes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 388:129760. [PMID: 37741579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Fungi-degrading artificial amylosomes were newly developed consisting of fungi-degrading enzyme (NAG), starch-degrading enzymes and a scaffold protein. Amylosome scaffolds containing starch-binding proteins (SbpCbpA and CCSbpCbpA) were highly bound to starch and fungal-spoiled food waste. Amylosomes showed an average of 1.43-fold higher reducing sugar production from starch. 2.00-fold α-amylase in amylosomes increased reducing sugar production from amylose by an average of 1.50-fold. At 70°C for 6 hours, SbpCbpA and CCSbpCbpA maintained an average activity of 56.42% compared to the control (38.37%). The enzyme mixture and amylosomes with NAG showed an average 1.31-fold increase in glucose production in response to fungal-spoiled food waste compared to samples without NAG; in particular, CCSbpCbpA with NAG produced 62.44 ± 0.03 mM glucose (2.55-fold of the enzyme mixture without NAG). This research strategy can be applicable to the starch and fungal-spoiled food waste saccharification in an ecofriendly manner, leading to sugar production in industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong-Eun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Shin
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nisha Bhardwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Wu-Young Jeong
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ok Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Mendonça APS, Dos Reis KL, Barbosa-Tessmann IP. Aspergillus clavatus UEM 04: An efficient producer of glucoamylase and α-amylase able to hydrolyze gelatinized and raw starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:125890. [PMID: 37479205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The best amylolytic activity production by Aspergillus clavatus UEM 04 occurred in submersed culture, with starch, for 72 h, at 25 °C, and 100 rpm. Exclusion chromatography partially purified two enzymes, which ran as unique bands in SDS-PAGE with approximately 84 kDa. LC-MS/MS identified a glucoamylase (GH15) and an α-amylase (GH13_1) as the predominant proteins and other co-purified proteins. Zn2+, Cu2+, and Mn2+ activated the glucoamylase, and SDS, Zn2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ inhibited the α-amylase. The α-amylase optimum pH was 6.5. The optimal temperatures for the glucoamylase and α-amylase were 50 °C and 40 °C, and the Tm was 53.1 °C and 56.3 °C, respectively. Both enzymes remained almost fully active for 28-32 h at 40 °C, but the α-amylase thermal stability was calcium-dependent. Furthermore, the glucoamylase and α-amylase KM for starch were 2.95 and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively. Still, the Vmax was 0.28 μmol/min of released glucose for glucoamylase and 0.1 mg/min of consumed starch for α-amylase. Moreover, the glucoamylase showed greater affinity for amylopectin and α-amylase for maltodextrin. Additionally, both enzymes efficiently degraded raw starch. At last, glucose was the main product of glucoamylase, and α-amylase produced mainly maltose from gelatinized soluble starch hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Silva Mendonça
- Biological Sciences Center, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Karina Lima Dos Reis
- Biological Sciences Center, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ione Parra Barbosa-Tessmann
- Biological Sciences Center, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Wayllace NM, Martín M, Busi MV, Gomez-Casati DF. Microbial glucoamylases: structural and functional properties and biotechnological uses. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:293. [PMID: 37653355 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucoamylases (GAs) are one of the principal groups of enzymes involved in starch hydrolysis and belong to the glycosylhydrolase family. They are classified as exo-amylases due to their ability to hydrolyze α-1,4 glycosidic bonds from the non-reducing end of starch, maltooligosaccharides, and related substrates, releasing β-D-glucose. Structurally, GAs possess a characteristic catalytic domain (CD) with an (α/α)6 fold and exhibit five conserved regions within this domain. The CD may or may not be linked to a non-catalytic domain with variable functions depending on its origin. GAs are versatile enzymes with diverse applications in food, biofuel, bioplastic and other chemical industries. Although fungal GAs are commonly employed for these purposes, they have limitations such as their low thermostability and an acidic pH requirement. Alternatively, GAs derived from prokaryotic organisms are a good option to save costs as they exhibit greater thermostability compared to fungal GAs. Moreover, a group of cold-adapted GAs from psychrophilic organisms demonstrates intriguing properties that make them suitable for application in various industries. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural and sequential properties as well as biotechnological applications of GAs in different industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natael M Wayllace
- CEFOBI-CONICET. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mariana Martín
- CEFOBI-CONICET. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María V Busi
- CEFOBI-CONICET. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Diego F Gomez-Casati
- CEFOBI-CONICET. Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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The application of conventional or magnetic materials to support immobilization of amylolytic enzymes for batch and continuous operation of starch hydrolysis processes. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the production of ethanol, starches are converted into reducing sugars by liquefaction and saccharification processes, which mainly use soluble amylases. These processes are considered wasteful operations as operations to recover the enzymes are not practical economically so immobilizations of amylases to perform both processes appear to be a promising way to obtain more stable and reusable enzymes, to lower costs of enzymatic conversions, and to reduce enzymes degradation/contamination. Although many reviews on enzyme immobilizations are found, they only discuss immobilizations of α-amylase immobilizations on nanoparticles, but other amylases and support types are not well informed or poorly stated. As the knowledge of the developed supports for most amylase immobilizations being used in starch hydrolysis is important, a review describing about their preparations, characteristics, and applications is herewith presented. Based on the results, two major groups were discovered in the last 20 years, which include conventional and magnetic-based supports. Furthermore, several strategies for preparation and immobilization processes, which are more advanced than the previous generation, were also revealed. Although most of the starch hydrolysis processes were conducted in batches, opportunities to develop continuous reactors are offered. However, the continuous operations are difficult to be employed by magnetic-based amylases.
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Potential inhibitory activity of phytoconstituents against black fungus: In silico ADMET, molecular docking and MD simulation studies. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 24:100247. [PMID: 36193218 PMCID: PMC9508704 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2022.100247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycosis or “black fungus” has been currently observed in India, as a secondary infection in COVID-19 infected patients in the post-COVID-stage. Fungus is an uncommon opportunistic infection that affects people who have a weak immune system. In this study, 158 antifungal phytochemicals were screened using molecular docking against glucoamylase enzyme of Rhizopus oryzae to identify potential inhibitors. The docking scores of the selected phytochemicals were compared with Isomaltotriose as a positive control. Most of the compounds showed lower binding energy values than Isomaltotriose (-6.4 kcal/mol). Computational studies also revealed the strongest binding affinity of the screened phytochemicals was Dioscin (-9.4 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the binding interactions of the top ten potential phytochemicals were elucidated and further analyzed. In-silico ADME and toxicity prediction were also evaluated using SwissADME and admetSAR online servers. Compounds Piscisoflavone C, 8-O-methylaverufin and Punicalagin exhibited positive results with the Lipinski filter and drug-likeness and showed mild to moderate of toxicity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation (at 300 K for 100 ns) was also employed to the docked ligand-target complex to explore the stability of ligand-target complex, improve docking results, and analyze the molecular mechanisms of protein-target interactions.
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Mondal S, Mondal K, Halder SK, Thakur N, Mondal KC. Microbial Amylase: Old but still at the forefront of all major industrial enzymes. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Wayllace NM, Hedín N, Busi MV, Gomez-Casati DF. Identification, molecular and biochemical characterization of a novel thermoactive and thermostable glucoamylase from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1201-1216. [PMID: 35997915 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We identified a new glucoamylase (TeGA) from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus, a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium. Structural studies suggest that TeGA belongs to the family 15 of glycosylhydrolases (GH15). METHODS The expression of this enzyme was optimized in E. coli (BL21) cells in order to have the highest amount of soluble protein (around 3 mg/l of culture medium). RESULTS TeGA showed a high optimum temperature of 75 °C. It also showed one of the highest specific activities reported for a bacterial glucoamylase (75.3 U/mg) and was also stable in a wide pH range (3.0-10.0). Although the enzyme was preferentially active with maltose, it was also able to hydrolyze different soluble starches such as those from potato, corn or rice. TeGA showed a high thermostability up to around 70 °C, which was increased in the presence of PEG8000, and also showed to be stable in the presence of moderate concentrations of ethanol. CONCLUSION We propose that TeGA could be suitable for use in different industrial processes such as biofuel production and food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natael M Wayllace
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Nicolas Hedín
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María V Busi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
| | - Diego F Gomez-Casati
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Pan K, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Jin S, Yu Z, Liu T, Zhang T, Zhao J, Li Z. Improving the Specific Activity and Thermostability of Psychrophilic Xylosidase AX543 by Comparative Mutagenesis. Foods 2022; 11:foods11162463. [PMID: 36010463 PMCID: PMC9407119 DOI: 10.3390/foods11162463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving the specific activity and thermostability of psychrophilic xylosidase is important for improving its enzymatic performance and promoting its industrial application. Herein, a psychrophilic xylosidase AX543 exhibited activity in the temperature range between 0 and 35 °C, with optimum activity at 20 °C, which is lower than that of other reported psychrophilic xylosidases. The thermostability, specific activity, and catalytic efficiency of the site-directed variants G110S, Q201R, and L2 were significantly enhanced, without affecting the optimal reaction temperature. Comparative protein structural analysis and molecular dynamics simulation indicated that these improvements might be the result of the increased hydrogen bonds interaction and improved structural rigidity. Furthermore, homologous module substitution with four segments demonstrated that the psychrophilic characteristics of AX543 are the results of the whole protein structure, and the C-terminal segment A4 appears to be more essential in determining psychrophilic characteristics, exhibiting potentiality to produce more psychrophilic xylosidases. This study provides valuable structural information on psychrophilic xylosidases and also offers attractive modification strategies to modify catalytic activity, thermostability, and optimal reaction temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kungang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Shanzheng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Tongcun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Junqi Zhao
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
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14
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Li LX, Yu LY, Wang B, Pan L. Impact of overexpressing NADH kinase on glucoamylase production in Aspergillus niger. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 49:6602362. [PMID: 35665816 PMCID: PMC9338884 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucoamylase has a wide range of applications in the production of glucose, antibiotics, amino acids, and other fermentation industries. Fungal glucoamylase, in particular, has attracted much attention because of its wide application in different industries, among which Aspergillus niger is the most popular strain producing glucoamylase. The low availability of NADPH was found to be one of the limiting factors for the overproduction of glucoamylase. In this study, 3 NADH kinases (AN03, AN14, and AN17) and malic enzyme (maeA) were overexpressed in aconidial A. niger by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, significantly increasing the size of the NADPH pool, resulting in the activity of glucoamylase was improved by about 70%, 50%, 90%, and 70%, respectively; the total secreted protein was increased by about 25%, 22%, 52%, and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, the combination of the mitochondrial NADH kinase (AN17) and the malic enzyme (maeA) increased glucoamylase activity by a further 19%. This study provided an effective strategy for enhancing glucoamylase production of A. niger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xiang Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Le-Yi Yu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Pan
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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15
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Tong L, Huang H, Zheng J, Wang X, Bai Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Tu T, Yao B, Qin X, Luo H. Engineering a carbohydrate-binding module to increase the expression level of glucoamylase in Pichia pastoris. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:95. [PMID: 35643500 PMCID: PMC9148494 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01833-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucoamylase is an important industrial enzyme for the saccharification of starch during sugar production, but the production cost of glucoamylase is a major limiting factor for the growth of the starch-based sugar market. Therefore, seeking strategies for high-level expression of glucoamylase in heterologous hosts are considered as the main way to reduce the enzyme cost. Results ReGa15A from Rasamsonia emersonii and TlGa15B-GA2 from Talaromyces leycettanus have similar properties. However, the secretion level of ReGa15A was significantly higher than TlGa15B-GA2 in Pichia pastoris. To explore the underlying mechanisms affecting the differential expression levels of glucoamylase in P. pastoris, the amino acid sequences and three-dimensional structures of them were compared and analyzed. First, the CBM region was identified by fragment replacement as the key region affecting the expression levels of ReGa15A and TlGa15B-GA2. Then, through the substitution and site-directed mutation of the motifs in the CBM region, three mutants with significantly increased expression levels were obtained. The eight-point mutant TlGA-M4 (S589D/Q599A/G600Y/V603Q/T607I/V608L/N609D/R613Q), the three-point mutant TlGA-M6 (Q599A/G600Y/V603Q) and the five-point mutant TlGA-M7 (S589D/T607I/V608L/N609D/R613Q) have the same specific activity with the wild-type, and the enzyme activity and secretion level have increased by 4–5 times, respectively. At the same time, the expression levels were 5.8-, 2.0- and 2.4-fold higher than that of wild type, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression of genes related to the unfolded protein responses (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) did not differ significantly between the mutants and wild type. In addition, the most highly expressed mutant, TlGA-M7 exhibits rapidly and effectively hydrolyze raw corn starch. Conclusions Our results constitute the first demonstration of improved expression and secretion of a glucoamylase in P. pastoris by introducing mutations within the non-catalytic CBM. This provides a novel and effective strategy for improving the expression of recombinant proteins in heterologous host expression systems. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-022-01833-1.
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16
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Chen Z, Wang L, Shen Y, Hu D, Zhou L, Lu F, Li M. Improving Thermostability of Chimeric Enzymes Generated by Domain Shuffling Between Two Different Original Glucoamylases. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:881421. [PMID: 35449593 PMCID: PMC9017332 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.881421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve enzymatic properties of glucoamylases, six recombinant genes GA1–GA6 were created by domain shuffling of glucoamylase genes GAA1 from Aspergillus niger Ld418AI and GATE from Talaromyces emersonii Ld418 TE using overlap extension PCR and were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1B; only activities of GA1 and GA2 in the fermentation broth were higher than those of GAA1 but less than those of GATE. Further research results of GA1 and GA2 indicated that chimeric glucoamylases GA1 and GA2 revealed increased thermostability compared with GAA1 and GATE, although with a slight change in the activity and optimal temperature. However, GA1 had almost the same catalytic efficiency as GATE, whereas the catalytic efficiency of GA2 was slightly less than that of GATE, but still higher than that of GAA1. The structural analysis showed that the change of enzymatic properties could be caused by the increased and extended α-helix and β-sheet, which change the secondary and tertiary structures of chimeric glucoamylases. These results demonstrated that domain shuffling was feasible to generate a chimeric enzyme with novel properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Longbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Dunji Hu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Liying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Fuping Lu, ; Ming Li,
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Fuping Lu, ; Ming Li,
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17
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Zong X, Wen L, Wang Y, Li L. Research progress of glucoamylase with industrial potential. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14099. [PMID: 35132641 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glucoamylase is one of the most widely used enzymes in industry, but the development background and existing circumstances of industrial glucoamylase were not described by published articles. CiteSpace, a powerful tool for bibliometric, was used to analyze the past, existing circumstances, and trends of a professional field. In this study, 1820 Web-of-Science-indexed articles from 1991 to 2021 were collected and analyzed by CiteSpace. The research hotspots of industrial glucoamylase, like glucoamylase strain directional improvement, Aspergillus niger glucoamylase, glucoamylase immobilization, application of glucoamylase in ethanol production, and "customized production" of porous starch, were found by analyzing countries, institutions, authors, keywords, and references of articles. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The research progress of glucoamylase with industrial potential was analyzed by CiteSpace, and a significant research direction of glucoamylase with industrial potential was found. This is helpful for academic and corporate audiences to understand the current situation of glucoamylase with industrial potential and carry out follow-up works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Zong
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin, China.,Liquor Brewing Biotechnology and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, China
| | - Lei Wen
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin, China.,Liquor Brewing Biotechnology and Application Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Yibin, China
| | - Yanting Wang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin, China
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18
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Zargarzadeh M, Silva AS, Nunes C, Coimbra MA, Custódio CA, Mano JF. Self-glucose feeding hydrogels by enzyme empowered degradation for 3D cell culture. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:694-707. [PMID: 34825909 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01982h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been used in combination with cells for several biomedical and biotechnological applications. Nevertheless, the use of bulk hydrogels has exhibited severe limitations in diffusion of oxygen, nutrients, and metabolites. Here, a support for cell culture is reported where glucose is generated in situ by the own hydrogel degradation, allowing cell survival and function while promoting tissue growth. For this purpose, laminaran (or laminarin)-based hydrogels were fabricated, immobilizing the adequate enzymes to obtain structural platforms for 3D cell culture and providing glucose feeding for metabolic activity of cells through polysaccharide degradation. We demonstrate that tumor A549 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) can use the glucose resultant from the hydrogel degradation to survive and grow in non-added glucose cell culture medium. Additionally, in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability of laminaran-based hydrogels were explored for the first time. The self-feeding hydrogels exhibited high potential in cell survival compared to native cell-laden laminaran hydrogels over two weeks of sub-cutaneous implantation. Such bioscaffolds with enzyme-empowered degradation capacity can be applied in diverse biotechnological contexts such as tissue regeneration devices, biofactories, disease models, and cell delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Zargarzadeh
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - A Sofia Silva
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Nunes
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Manuel A Coimbra
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Catarina A Custódio
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- CICECO, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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19
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Song W, Tong Y, Li Y, Tao J, Li J, Zhou J, Liu S. Expression and characterization of a raw-starch glucoamylase from Aspergillus fumigatus. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Guo W, Yang J, Huang T, Liu D, Liu Q, Li J, Sun W, Wang X, Zhu L, Tian C. Synergistic effects of multiple enzymes from industrial Aspergillus niger strain O1 on starch saccharification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:225. [PMID: 34838099 PMCID: PMC8627030 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Starch is one of the most important renewable polysaccharides in nature for production of bio-ethanol. The starch saccharification step facilitates the depolymerization of starch to yield glucose for biofuels production. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger (A. niger) is the most used microbial cell factory for production of the commercial glucoamylase. However, the role of each component in glucoamylases cocktail of A. niger O1 for starch saccharification remains unclear except glucoamylase. RESULTS In this study, we identified the key enzymes contributing to the starch saccharification process are glucoamylase, α-amylase and acid α-amylase out of 29 glycoside hydrolases from the 6-day fermentation products of A. niger O1. Through the synergistic study of the multienzymes for the starch saccharification in vitro, we found that increasing the amount of α-amylase by 5-10 times enhanced the efficiency of starch saccharification by 14.2-23.2%. Overexpression of acid α-amylase in strain O1 in vivo increased the total glucoamylase activity of O1 cultures by 15.0%. CONCLUSIONS Our study clarifies the synergistic effects among the components of glucoamylases cocktail, and provides an effective approach to optimize the profile of saccharifying enzymes of strain O1 for improving the total glucoamylase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Tianchen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xingji Wang
- Longda Biotechnology Inc, Shandong, 276400, China
| | - Leilei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
- National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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21
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Tong L, Zheng J, Wang X, Wang X, Huang H, Yang H, Tu T, Wang Y, Bai Y, Yao B, Luo H, Qin X. Improvement of thermostability and catalytic efficiency of glucoamylase from Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 via site-directed mutagenesis to enhance industrial saccharification applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:202. [PMID: 34656167 PMCID: PMC8520190 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucoamylase is an important industrial enzyme in the saccharification of starch into glucose. However, its poor thermostability and low catalytic efficiency limit its industrial saccharification applications. Therefore, improving these properties of glucoamylase is of great significance for saccharification in the starch industry. RESULTS In this study, a novel glucoamylase-encoding gene TlGa15B from the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces leycettanus JCM12802 was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The optimal temperature and pH of recombinant TlGa15B were 65 ℃ and 4.5, respectively. TlGa15B exhibited excellent thermostability at 60 ℃. To further improve thermostability without losing catalytic efficiency, TlGa15B-GA1 and TlGa15B-GA2 were designed by introducing disulfide bonds and optimizing residual charge-charge interactions in a region distant from the catalytic center. Compared with TlGa15B, mutants showed improved optimal temperature, melting temperature, specific activity, and catalytic efficiency. The mechanism underlying these improvements was elucidated through molecular dynamics simulation and dynamics cross-correlation matrices analysis. Besides, the performance of TlGa15B-GA2 was the same as that of the commercial glucoamylase during saccharification. CONCLUSIONS We provide an effective strategy to simultaneously improve both thermostability and catalytic efficiency of glucoamylase. The excellent thermostability and high catalytic efficiency of TlGa15B-GA2 make it a good candidate for industrial saccharification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huoqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Haomeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yingguo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Huiying Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xing Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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22
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Zhou T, Liu H, Huang Y, Wang Z, Shan Y, Yue Y, Xia Z, Liang Y, An M, Wu Y. ε-poly- L-lysine Affects the Vegetative Growth, Pathogenicity and Expression Regulation of Necrotrophic Pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7100821. [PMID: 34682242 PMCID: PMC8540936 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces are applied to control plant diseases. The metabolite, ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PL), is a non-toxic food preservative, but the potential application of this compound as a microbial fungicide in agriculture is rarely reported. In this study, the effect and mode of action of ε-PL on two necrotrophic pathogenic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea, were investigated. The results showed that ε-PL effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea with EC50 values of 283 μg/mL and 281 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, ε-PL at the dose of 150 and 300 μg/mL reduced S. sclerotiorum sclerotia formation. The results of the RNA-seq and RT-qPCR validation indicated that ε-PL significantly regulated the gene expression of critical differential expressed genes (DEGs) involved in fungal growth, metabolism, pathogenicity, and induced an increase in the expression of the fungal stress responses and the detoxification genes. These results provided new insights for understanding the modes of action of ε-PL on S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea and improved the sustainable management of these plant diseases.
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23
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Recent applications of bio-engineering principles to modulate the functionality of proteins in food systems. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Microbial starch debranching enzymes: Developments and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 50:107786. [PMID: 34147588 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Starch debranching enzymes (SDBEs) hydrolyze the α-1,6 glycosidic bonds in polysaccharides such as starch, amylopectin, pullulan and glycogen. SDBEs are also important enzymes for the preparation of sugar syrup, resistant starch and cyclodextrin. As the synergistic catalysis of SDBEs and other starch-acting hydrolases can effectively improve the raw material utilization and production efficiency during starch processing steps such as saccharification and modification, they have attracted substantial research interest in the past decades. The substrate specificities of the two major members of SDBEs, pullulanases and isoamylases, are quite different. Pullulanases generally require at least two α-1,4 linked glucose units existing on both sugar chains linked by the α-1,6 bond, while isoamylases require at least three units of α-1,4 linked glucose. SDBEs mainly belong to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 13 and 57. Except for GH57 type II pullulanse, GH13 pullulanases and isoamylases share plenty of similarities in sequence and structure of the core catalytic domains. However, the N-terminal domains, which might be one of the determinants contributing to the substrate binding of SDBEs, are distinct in different enzymes. In order to overcome the current defects of SDBEs in catalytic efficiency, thermostability and expression level, great efforts have been made to develop effective enzyme engineering and fermentation strategies. Herein, the diverse biochemical properties and distinct features in the sequence and structure of pullulanase and isoamylase from different sources are summarized. Up-to-date developments in the enzyme engineering, heterologous production and industrial applications of SDBEs is also reviewed. Finally, research perspective which could help understanding and broadening the applications of SDBEs are provided.
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25
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Characterization of SdGA, a cold-adapted glucoamylase from Saccharophagus degradans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 30:e00625. [PMID: 34041001 PMCID: PMC8141877 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the structural and functional properties of SdGA, a glucoamylase (GA) from Saccharophagus degradans, a marine bacterium which degrades different complex polysaccharides at high rate. SdGA is composed mainly by a N-terminal GH15_N domain linked to a C-terminal catalytic domain (CD) found in the GH15 family of glycosylhydrolases with an overall structure similar to other bacterial GAs. The protein was expressed in Escherichia coli cells, purified and its biochemical properties were investigated. Although SdGA has a maximum activity at 39 °C and pH 6.0, it also shows high activity in a wide range, from low to mild temperatures, like cold-adapted enzymes. Furthermore, SdGA has a higher content of flexible residues and a larger CD due to various amino acid insertions compared to other thermostable GAs. We propose that this novel SdGA, is a cold-adapted enzyme that might be suitable for use in different industrial processes that require enzymes which act at low or medium temperatures.
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Lahiri D, Nag M, Banerjee R, Mukherjee D, Garai S, Sarkar T, Dey A, Sheikh HI, Pathak SK, Edinur HA, Pati S, Ray RR. Amylases: Biofilm Inducer or Biofilm Inhibitor? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:660048. [PMID: 33987107 PMCID: PMC8112260 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.660048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm is a syntrophic association of sessile groups of microbial cells that adhere to biotic and abiotic surfaces with the help of pili and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). EPSs also prevent penetration of antimicrobials/antibiotics into the sessile groups of cells. Hence, methods and agents to avoid or remove biofilms are urgently needed. Enzymes play important roles in the removal of biofilm in natural environments and may be promising agents for this purpose. As the major component of the EPS is polysaccharide, amylase has inhibited EPS by preventing the adherence of the microbial cells, thus making amylase a suitable antimicrobial agent. On the other hand, salivary amylase binds to amylase-binding protein of plaque-forming Streptococci and initiates the formation of biofilm. This review investigates the contradictory actions and microbe-associated genes of amylases, with emphasis on their structural and functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyajit Lahiri
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Moupriya Nag
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Ritwik Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipro Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Sayantani Garai
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering & Management, Kolkata, India
| | - Tanmay Sarkar
- Department of Food Technology and Bio-Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India.,Malda Polytechnic, West Bengal State Council of Technical Education, Government of West Bengal, Malda, India
| | - Ankita Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, India
| | - Hassan I Sheikh
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia
| | - Sushil Kumar Pathak
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Khallikote University, Berhampur, India
| | | | - Siddhartha Pati
- Centre of Excellence, Khallikote University, Berhampur, India.,Research Division, Association for Biodiversity Conservation and Research (ABC), Balasore, India
| | - Rina Rani Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, Haringhata, India
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Lago MC, Dos Santos FC, Bueno PSA, de Oliveira MAS, Barbosa-Tessmann IP. The glucoamylase from Aspergillus wentii: Purification and characterization. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:443-458. [PMID: 33783000 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study describes for the first time the purification and characterization of a glucoamylase from Aspergillus wentii (strain PG18), a species of the Aspergillus genus Cremei section. Maximum enzyme production (∼3.5 U/ml) was obtained in submerged culture (72 h) with starch as the carbon source, at 25°C, and with orbital agitation (100 rpm). The enzyme was purified with one-step molecular exclusion chromatography. The 86 kDa purified enzyme hydrolyzed starch in a zymogram and had activity against p-nitrophenyl α- d-glucopyranoside. The optimal enzyme pH and temperature were 5.0 and 60°C (at pH 5.0), respectively. The Tm of the purified enzyme was 60°C, at pH 7.0. The purified glucoamylase had a KM for starch of 1.4 mg/ml and a Vmax of 0.057 mg/min of hydrolyzed starch. Molybdenum activated the purified enzyme, and sodium dodecyl sulfate inhibited it. A thin layer chromatography analysis revealed glucose as the enzyme's main starch hydrolysis product. An enzyme's peptide sequence was obtained by mass spectrometry and used to retrieve a glucoamylase within the annotated genome of A. wentii v1.0. An in silico structural model revealed a N-terminal glycosyl hydrolases family 15 (GH15) domain, which is ligated by a linker to a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) from the CBM20 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munira C Lago
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiane C Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo S A Bueno
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marco A S de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Ayua EO, Nkhata SG, Namaumbo SJ, Kamau EH, Ngoma TN, Aduol KO. Polyphenolic inhibition of enterocytic starch digestion enzymes and glucose transporters for managing type 2 diabetes may be reduced in food systems. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06245. [PMID: 33659753 PMCID: PMC7895753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the current global surge in diabetes cases, there is a growing interest in slowing and managing diabetes and its effects. While there are medications that can be used, they have adverse side effects such as hypoglycemia and weight gain. To overcome these problems, bioactive compounds commonly found in fruits, vegetables and cereal grains are used to slow starch digestion and transport of simple sugars across the intestinal epithelia thereby reducing plasma blood glucose spike. These effects are achieved through inhibition of amylases, glucosidases and glucose transporters present in the gastrointestinal tract and brush boarder membrane. The extent of inhibition by polyphenols is dependent on molecular structure, doses and food matrix. Glycemic lowering effect of polyphenols have been demonstrated both in in vivo and in vitro studies. However, when these compounds are incorporated in food systems, they can interact with other polymers in the food matrix leading to lesser inhibition of digestion and/or glucose transporters compared to isolated or pure compounds as often witnessed in most in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel O. Ayua
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Eldoret, P.O Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
- Corresponding author.
| | - Smith G. Nkhata
- Agrofood Processing Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Food Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Sydney J. Namaumbo
- Agrofood Processing Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Food Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Elijah Heka Kamau
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Eldoret, P.O Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Theresa N. Ngoma
- Agrofood Processing Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
- Food Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Natural Resources, Natural Resources College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, P. O Box 143, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Kevin Omondi Aduol
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Eldoret, P.O Box 1125-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
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Amaral-Fonseca M, Morellon-Sterling R, Fernández-Lafuente R, Tardioli PW. Optimization of simultaneous saccharification and isomerization of dextrin to high fructose syrup using a mixture of immobilized amyloglucosidase and glucose isomerase. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abdel-Azeem AM, Abu-Elsaoud AM, Abo Nahas HH, Abdel-Azeem MA, Balbool BA, Mousa MK, Ali NH, Darwish AMG. Biodiversity and Industrial Applications of Genus Chaetomium. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Prospects for the Improvement of Bioethanol and Biohydrogen Production from Mixed Starch-Based Agricultural Wastes. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13246609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The need for fossil fuel alternatives keeps increasing. Bioethanol and biohydrogen have emerged as significant renewable options. However, these bioprocess routes have presented various challenges, which constantly impede commercialization. Most of these bottlenecks are hinged on feedstock logistics, low biofuel yield and enormous process costs. Meanwhile, a large output of renewable energy can be generated from mixed starch-based agricultural wastes due to their intrinsic bioenergy characteristics. This study, therefore, focuses on the production of bioethanol and biohydrogen from mixed starch-based agricultural wastes. The content further highlights the current challenges of their individual processes and elucidates the prospects for improvement, through an integrated biofuel approach. The use of mixed starch-based agricultural wastes as substrates for integrated bioethanol and biohydrogen production was proposed. Furthermore, the use of mixture-based experimental design for the determination of optimal values of critical factors influencing biofuel production emerges as a viable prospect for profitable bioethanol production from the starch-based biomass. Additionally, biohydrogen production from effluents of the mixed starch-based waste bioethanol looked promising. Thus, the study proposed valuable insights towards achieving a cost-effective biofuel technology.
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Extension of the taxonomic coverage of the family GH126 outside Firmicutes and in silico characterization of its non-catalytic terminal domains. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:420. [PMID: 32953382 PMCID: PMC7479077 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The family GH126 is a family of glycoside hydrolases established in 2011. Officially, in the CAZy database, it counts ~ 1000 sequences originating solely from bacterial phylum Firmicutes. Two members, the proteins CPF_2247 from Clostridium perfringens and PssZ from Listeria monocytogenes have been characterized as a probable α-amylase and an exopolysaccharide-specific glycosidase, respectively; their three-dimensional structures being also solved as possessing catalytic (α/α)6-barrel fold. Previously, based on a detailed in silico analysis, the seven conserved sequence regions (CSRs) were identified for the family along with elucidating basic evolutionary relationships within the family members. The present study represents a continuation study focusing on two particular aims: (1) to find out whether the taxonomic coverage of the family GH126 might be extended outside the Firmicutes and, if positive, to deliver those out-of-Firmicutes proteins with putting them into the context of the family; and (2) to identify the family members containing the N- and/or C-terminal extensions of their polypeptide chain, additional to the catalytic (α/α)6-barrel domain, and perform the bioinformatics characterization of the extra domains. The main results could be summarized as follows: (1) 17 bacterial proteins caught by BLAST searches outside Firmicutes (especially from phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes) have been found and convincingly suggested as new family GH126 members; and (2) a thioredoxin-like fold and various leucine-rich repeat motifs identified by Phyre2 structure homology modelling have been recognized as extra domains occurring most frequently in the N-terminal extensions of family GH126 members possessing a modular organization.
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Wang C, Yang L, Luo L, Tang S, Wang Q. Purification and characterization of glucoamylase of Aspergillus oryzae from Luzhou-flavour Daqu. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2345-2355. [PMID: 32623532 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To obtain novel glucoamylase from Daqu microbe. RESULTS A dominant strain known as LZ2 with high activity of hydrolyzing starch was isolated from Luzhou Daqu, a Chinese traditional fermentation starter. The LZ2 was identified as Aspergillus oryzae by 18S rDNA sequence analysis. Glucoamylase from LZ2, named as GA-LZ2, was purified to homogeneity and showed a single band with expected molecular mass of 60 kD. The GA-LZ2 effectively degraded amylose, rice starch and wheat starch. Optimal temperature and pH value of enzyme were 60 °C and pH 4.0 respectively. The GA-LZ2 displayed significant thermal stability and pH stability at moderate temperature and low pH. Intriguingly, the thermostability was enhanced in the presence of starch. In addition, GA-LZ2 exhibited insensitivity to glucose, independence of metal ions and tolerance to organic solvents. The GA-LZ2 retained complete activity in the presence of 100 mM glucose and 5% ethanol and methanol. CONCLUSION Glucoamylase GA-LZ2 displayed broad substrate specificity, strong stability and tolerance, suggesting that GA-LZ2 carry potential for industrial application in bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 180, Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lianli Yang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 180, Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunan Luo
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 180, Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Tang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 180, Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 180, Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Li F, Liu Q, Li X, Zhang C, Li J, Sun W, Liu D, Xiao D, Tian C. Construction of a new thermophilic fungus Myceliophthora thermophila platform for enzyme production using a versatile 2A peptide strategy combined with efficient CRISPR-Cas9 system. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1181-1191. [PMID: 32253539 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a new thermophilic platform for glucoamylase production through 2A peptide strategy combined with CRISPR-Cas9 system using Myceliophthora thermophila as host, thermophilic filamentous fungus with industrial attractiveness to produce enzymes and chemicals from biomass. RESULTS We adapted the viral 2A peptide approach for M. thermophila and constructed a bicistronic vector for co-expressing two heterologous genes MhglaA and egfp. We obtained positive transformants OE-MhglaA-gfp overexpressing MhGlaA-9 ×His-2A-eGFP through convenient fluorescence screening, western blotting and RT-qPCR. We purified and characterized the recombinant MhGlaA, which exhibited stability in a broader pH range of 3.0-9.0 and thermostable stability at 65 °C, suggesting its potential industrial application. Furthermore, to improve glucoamylase secretion, we genetically engineered the obtained strain OE-MhglaA-gfp through our efficient CRISPR/Cas9 system and generated the quintuple mutant OE-MhglaA-gfpOE-amyRΔalp-1Δres-1Δcre-1, in which protein productivity and amylase activity were increased by approximately 12.0- and 8.2-fold compared with WT. CONCLUSIONS The 2A peptide approach worked well in M. thermophila and can be used to heterologously co-express two different proteins, and thus in combination with efficient CRISPR-Cas system will accelerate establishing hyper-secretion platforms for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangya Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.,Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jingen Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Wenliang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Chaoguang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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Sui YF, Ouyang LM, Schütze T, Cheng S, Meyer V, Zhuang YP. Comparative genomics of the aconidial Aspergillus niger strain LDM3 predicts genes associated with its high protein secretion capacity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:2623-2637. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10398-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Fan S, Liang B, Xiao X, Bai L, Tang X, Lojou E, Cosnier S, Liu A. Controllable Display of Sequential Enzymes on Yeast Surface with Enhanced Biocatalytic Activity toward Efficient Enzymatic Biofuel Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3222-3230. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Fan
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Bo Liang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Lu Bai
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjiang Tang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy & Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Elisabeth Lojou
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, BIP, Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines UMR7281, 31 chemin Joseph Aiguier 13402 Marseille Cedex 20 France
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Aihua Liu
- Institute for Chemical Biology & Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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García-Cano I, Rocha-Mendoza D, Kosmerl E, Zhang L, Jiménez-Flores R. Technically relevant enzymes and proteins produced by LAB suitable for industrial and biological activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1401-1422. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abdel-Azeem AM, El-Mansy SA, Abo Nahas HAH, Mousa MK, Gandal HE, Hamdy SE, El-Ansary MM, Abdel-Azeem MA. Thermophilic Chaetomium in Biotechnology. Fungal Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31612-9_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ghani M, Ansari A, Haider MS, Asif T, Ibrahim F, Qader SAU, Aman A. Purification and Characterization of a Thermostable Starch‐Saccharifying Alpha‐1,4‐Glucan‐Glucohydrolase Produced byBacillus licheniformis. STARCH-STARKE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201800352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ghani
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Asma Ansari
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Samee Haider
- Food and Marine Resource Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex Karachi 75280 Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Asif
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Fariha Ibrahim
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Shah Ali Ul Qader
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Afsheen Aman
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE)University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
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Karim KMR, Husaini A, Sing NN, Tasnim T, Mohd Sinang F, Hussain H, Hossain MA, Roslan H. Characterization and expression in Pichia pastoris of a raw starch degrading glucoamylase (GA2) derived from Aspergillus flavus NSH9. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 164:105462. [PMID: 31351992 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Aspergillus flavus NSH9 gene, encoding a pH and thermostable glucoamylase with a starch binding domain (SBD), was expressed in Pichia pastoris to produce recombinant glucoamylase (rGA2). The full-length glucoamylase gene (2039 bp), and cDNA (1839 bp) encode a 612 amino acid protein most similar to glucoamylase from Aspergillus oryzae RIB40; the first 19 amino acids are presumed to be a signal peptide for secretion, and the SBD is at the C-terminal. The cDNA was successfully secreted by Pichia at 8.23 U mL-1, and the rGA2 was found to be: a 80 kDa monomer, stable from pH 3.0-9.0, with optimum catalytic activity at pH 5.0, active at temperatures up to 80°C (rGA2 retained 58% of its activity after 60 min of incubation at 70°C), and metal ions such as Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++ enhanced rGA2 enzyme activity. The starch degrading ability of rGA2 was also observed on raw sago starch and where prolonged incubation generated larger, deeper, holes on the starch granules, indicating rGA2 is an excellent candidate for industrial starch processing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Husaini
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota, Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Ngieng Ngui Sing
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota, Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Tasmia Tasnim
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Fazia Mohd Sinang
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota, Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Hasnain Hussain
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota, Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Md Anowar Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Hairul Roslan
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota, Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Makanjuola O, Greetham D, Zou X, Du C. The Development of a Sorghum Bran-Based Biorefining Process to Convert Sorghum Bran into Value Added Products. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080279. [PMID: 31344870 PMCID: PMC6723496 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum bran, a starch rich food processing waste, was investigated for the production of glucoamylase in submerged fungal fermentation using Aspergillus awamori. The fermentation parameters, such as cultivation time, substrate concentration, pH, temperature, nitrogen source, mineral source and the medium loading ratio were investigated. The glucoamylase activity was improved from 1.90 U/mL in an initial test, to 19.3 U/mL at 10% (w/v) substrate concentration, pH 6.0, medium loading ratio of 200 mL in 500 mL shaking flask, with the addition of 2.5 g/L yeast extract and essential minerals. Fermentation using 2 L bioreactors under the optimum conditions resulted in a glucoamylase activity of 23.5 U/mL at 72 h, while further increase in sorghum bran concentration to 12.5% (w/v) gave an improved gluco-amylase activity of 37.6 U/mL at 115 h. The crude glucoamylase solution was used for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the sorghum bran. A sorghum bran hydrolysis carried out at 200 rpm, 55 °C for 48 h at a substrate loading ratio of 80 g/L resulted in 11.7 g/L glucose, similar to the results obtained using commercial glucoamylase. Large-scale sorghum bran hydrolysis in 2 L bioreactors using crude glucoamylase solution resulted in a glucose concentration of 38.7 g/L from 200 g/L sorghum bran, corresponding to 94.1% of the theoretical hydrolysis yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyenike Makanjuola
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Darren Greetham
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Zou
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Chenyu Du
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK.
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An X, Ding C, Zhang H, Liu T, Li J. Overexpression of amyA and glaA substantially increases glucoamylase activity in Aspergillus niger. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:638-644. [PMID: 31081016 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to obtain an engineered Aspergillus niger strain with high glucoamylase activity by overexpressing the glucoamylase gene glaA and α-amylase gene amyA in A. niger CICC2462. Three recombinant strains containing a single copy of amyA (1A), containing two copies of amyA (2A), and coexpressing amyA and glaA (AG), respectively, were constructed. The transcript levels of amyA in 1A and 2A were increased by 2.95 folds and 3.09 folds, respectively. The levels of amyA and glaA in AG were increased by 1.21 folds and 2.86 folds, but the maximum extracellular glucoamylase activities did not differ significantly. In addition, after 1% casein phosphopeptides (CPPs) was added to the fermentation medium, the maximum extracellular glucoamylase activities for strains 1A, 2A, and AG were 35,200, 37,300, and 40,710 U/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of the parental strain CICC2462 (28,250 U/ml), while CPPs alone had no effect on the parental strain CICC2462. We demonstrate that overexpression of amyA and glaA substantially increases the expression and secretion of glucoamylase in A. niger, and CPPs effectively improves the yield of glucoamylase in recombinant A. niger strains overexpressing amyA and glaA. The newly developed strains and culture methods may have extensive industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin An
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunjie Ding
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianqi Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Sakwa L, Cripwell RA, Rose SH, Viljoen-Bloom M. Consolidated bioprocessing of raw starch with Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing fungal alpha-amylase and glucoamylase combinations. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 18:5061630. [PMID: 30085077 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of raw starch for biofuel production requires recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing α-amylases and glucoamylases. Native Aureobasidium pullulans apuA, Aspergillus terreus ateA, Cryptococcus sp. S-2 cryA and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera sfiA genes encoding raw-starch α-amylases were cloned and expressed in the S. cerevisiae Y294 laboratory strain. Recombinant S. cerevisiae Y294[ApuA] and Y294[AteA] strains produced the highest extracellular α-amylase activities (2.17 U mL-1 and 2.98 U mL-1, respectively). Both the ApuA and AteA α-amylases displayed a preference for pH 4 to 5 and retained more than 75% activity after 5 days at 30°C. When ateA was co-expressed with the previously reported Aspergillus. tubingensis glucoamylase gene (glaA), the amylolytic S. cerevisiae Y294[AteA-GlaA] strain produced 45.77 g L-1 ethanol after 6 days. Ethanol production by this strain was improved with the addition of either 2.83 μL STARGEN 002 (54.54 g L-1 ethanol and 70.44% carbon conversion) or 20 μL commercial glucoamylase from Sigma-Aldrich (73.80 g L-1 ethanol and 90.19% carbon conversion). This is the first report of an engineered yeast strain that can replace up to 90% of the enzymes required for raw starch hydrolysis, and thus contributes to the realisation of a CBP yeast for starch-based biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sakwa
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - R A Cripwell
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - S H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - M Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Cripwell RA, Rose SH, Viljoen-Bloom M, van Zyl WH. Improved raw starch amylase production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae using codon optimisation strategies. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5237704. [PMID: 30535120 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylases are used in a variety of industries that have a specific need for alternative enzymes capable of hydrolysing raw starch. Five α-amylase and five glucoamylase-encoding genes were expressed in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y294 laboratory strain to select for recombinant strains that best hydrolysed raw corn starch. Gene variants of four amylases were designed using codon optimisation and different secretion signals. The significant difference in activity levels among the gene variants confirms that codon optimisation of fungal genes for expression in S. cerevisiae does not guarantee improved recombinant protein production. The codon-optimised glucoamylase variant from Talaromyces emersonii (temG_Opt) yielded 3.3-fold higher extracellular activity relative to the native temG, whereas the codon-optimised T. emersonii α-amylase (temA_Opt) yielded 1.6-fold more extracellular activity than the native temA. The effect of four terminator sequences was also investigated using temG and temG_Opt as reporter genes, with the ALY2T terminator resulting in a 14% increase in glucoamylase activity relative to the gene cassettes containing the ENO1T terminator. This is the first report of engineered S. cerevisiae strains to express T. emersonii amylase variants, and these enzymes may have potential applications in the industrial conversion of raw starch under fermentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A Cripwell
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, JC Smuts Building, De Beer Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Shaunita H Rose
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, JC Smuts Building, De Beer Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Marinda Viljoen-Bloom
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, JC Smuts Building, De Beer Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, JC Smuts Building, De Beer Street, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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Lincoln L, More VS, More SS. Isolation, screening and optimization of extracellular glucoamylase from Paenibacillus amylolyticus strain NEO03. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lincoln L, More VS, More SS. Purification and biochemical characterization of extracellular glucoamylase from Paenibacillus amylolyticus strain. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:375-384. [PMID: 30681161 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, glucoamylase produced from a soil bacterium Paenibacillus amylolyticus NEO03 was cultured under submerged fermentation conditions. The extracellular enzyme was purified by starch adsorption chromatography and further by gel filtration, with 2.73-fold and recovery of 40.02%. The protein exhibited molecular mass of ∼66,000 Da as estimated by SDS-PAGE and depicted to be a monomer. The enzyme demonstrated optimum activity at pH range 6.0-7.0 and temperature range 30-40 °C. Glucoamylase was mostly activated by Mn2+ metal ions and depicted no dependency on Ca2+ ions. The enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed all the starch substrates. High substrate specificity was demonstrated towards soluble starch and kinetic values Km and Vmax were 2.84 mg/ml and 239.2 U/ml, respectively. The products of hydrolysis of soluble starch were detected by thin layer chromatography which showed only D -glucose, indicating a true glucoamylase. The secreted glucoamylase from P. amylolyticus strain possesses properties suitable for saccharification processes such as biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Lincoln
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Sciences, Jain University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Veena S More
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Dang LTK, Therdthai N, Ratphitagsanti W. Improvement of structure and cooking quality of brown rice using ultrasonic and enzymatic treatments. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lien Thi Kim Dang
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Department of Product Development; Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Nantawan Therdthai
- Faculty of Agro-Industry, Department of Product Development; Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
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Ravindran R, Hassan SS, Williams GA, Jaiswal AK. A Review on Bioconversion of Agro-Industrial Wastes to Industrially Important Enzymes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:E93. [PMID: 30373279 PMCID: PMC6316327 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Agro-industrial waste is highly nutritious in nature and facilitates microbial growth. Most agricultural wastes are lignocellulosic in nature; a large fraction of it is composed of carbohydrates. Agricultural residues can thus be used for the production of various value-added products, such as industrially important enzymes. Agro-industrial wastes, such as sugar cane bagasse, corn cob and rice bran, have been widely investigated via different fermentation strategies for the production of enzymes. Solid-state fermentation holds much potential compared with submerged fermentation methods for the utilization of agro-based wastes for enzyme production. This is because the physical⁻chemical nature of many lignocellulosic substrates naturally lends itself to solid phase culture, and thereby represents a means to reap the acknowledged potential of this fermentation method. Recent studies have shown that pretreatment technologies can greatly enhance enzyme yields by several fold. This article gives an overview of how agricultural waste can be productively harnessed as a raw material for fermentation. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of studies conducted in the production of different commercially important enzymes using lignocellulosic food waste has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Ravindran
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, D01 HV58 Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, D08 NF82 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Shady S Hassan
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, D01 HV58 Dublin, Ireland.
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, D08 NF82 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Gwilym A Williams
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, D08 NF82 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Amit K Jaiswal
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Cathal Brugha Street, D01 HV58 Dublin, Ireland.
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